第1部分 第1讲 第1节 谓语动词 （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考谓语动词核心考点，涵盖时态（一般现在时等8种）、语态（被动构成及主动表被动）、主谓一致（语法/就近/意义一致三原则），按“真题感知-考点分层梳理-对比辨析-综合应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（如时态时间参照点对比）、方法指导（主动表被动特殊用法归纳）、真题训练（近三年高考题）等环节，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破易混点。 资料以核心素养为导向，创新采用“真题试做-规律总结-微练巩固”三步教学法，如时态部分通过对比“一般过去时（与现在无关）”和“现在完成时（与现在关联）”真题例句，培养学生思维品质；主谓一致结合“a number of/the number of”等易混结构设计分层练习，提升语言能力。设置教材回扣、高考语篇填空、写作应用模块，确保学生在有限时间内实现知识向能力转化，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

第一讲　复杂多变的动词 第1节　谓语动词 【真题试做】——感知高考中的语法 动词的时态 1．(2025·全国一卷)She has served (serve) here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else. 2．(2025·全国一卷)In my ninth­grade writing class last year, I met (meet) a cowboy who saved his town. 3．(2025·全国一卷)With the biscuits my wife had made (make), I arrived at my brother's door. 4．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Gunter's kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story I would cherish (cherish) for years to come. 5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The tour departs (depart) from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p．m.every day. 6．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come (come) to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. 7．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Now, I am living (live) out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 8．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry was fixing (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 动词的语态 9．(2025·全国二卷，七选五)Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared (share) by both the little ones and adults? 10．(2025·全国一卷，语法填空)The players' personalities are revealed (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent. 11．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷，语法填空)Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 12．(2024·浙江1月卷)Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given (give) a second treat. 13．(2023·全国甲卷)In 1975, grizzlies were listed (list) under the Endangered Species Act. 14．(2021·天津卷，单选4)Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated, he had been offered (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies. 15．(2021·天津3月卷)Currently, about 35, 000 works are being displayed (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 主谓一致 16．(2025·北京卷，阅读C)How we feel about ourselves rests (rest) not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. 17．(2025·全国二卷，阅读C)Our study showed that there was (be) a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant­rich workplaces. 18．(2025·全国一卷，阅读A)Moving goods and people around the world is (be) responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). 19．(2024·九省联考卷)I have come to the conclusion that there is (be) only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it. 20．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷，阅读A)A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is (be) essential for walking in the dark. 21．(2023·全国乙卷)Being at the right place at the right time is (be) decisive in any style of photography. 22．(2021·浙江卷，语法填空)Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was (be) known as a gardener. 23．(2022·全国乙卷)A doctor tells me people who live the longest are (be) dancers and cyclists. 24．(2022·天津卷)Critical reasoning, together with problem­solving, prepares (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (一)动词的时态 最热考的3种时态 (1)一般现在时的基本用法： ① 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语always, usually, never, often, seldom, every time, now and then, occasionally, sometimes, every day/night等连用。 She usually goes to the gym.她经常去健身房。 ② 表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)。 When I was young, my grandma always told me the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.小时候，奶奶总是告诉我太阳从东方升起，西方落下。 ③ 表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。常见的动词(词组)有go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, take off等。 The train leaves at 9：30 a．m.tomorrow.这趟火车明天上午 9 点 30 分发车。 ④ 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 (2)一般过去时的基本用法： ① 表示过去某一阶段内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态(强调动作发生在过去特定时期，现在已终止)，常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频率的副词连用。 He often played basketball after school when he was in high school.他高中时经常放学后打篮球。 ② 表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。 She bought a new bike last Sunday.她上周日买了一辆新自行车。 (3)现在完成时的基本用法： ① 表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, before, recently, once, lately等状语连用。 I haven't finished reading the book yet, so I can't return it to the library.我还没读完这本书，因此不能把它还给图书馆。 ② 表示从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在并可能继续延续的动作。常与since, so far, up to now, in the past few years等表示“包括现在在内的一段时间”的状语连用。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ③ 在时间、条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 My father will be back before I have finished my homework.在我做完家庭作业之前，我的父亲就会回来。 ④ 下列句型中常用现在完成时： ·This/That/It is the ＋序数词＋ time (that) 从句(从句用现在完成时)，表示 “这是某人第几次做某事”。 This is the second time we have met at this café.这是我们第二次在这家咖啡馆见面。 ·This is the ＋形容词最高级＋名词＋ (that) 从句(从句用现在完成时)，表示 “这/那是最……的……”。 This is the most exciting movie that I have ever watched.这是我看过的最刺激的电影。 【点拨】　一般过去时vs现在完成时 一般过去时的时间参照点是“过去”，动作与现在无关；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”，动作与现在有联系(影响/持续)，不能与具体过去时间状语(如yesterday)连用。 I ate breakfast this morning.我今天早上吃了早饭。(仅陈述“吃了”的过去事实，不关联现在状态) I have eaten breakfast.我已经吃过早饭了。(强调“现在不饿、无需再吃”的结果，动作与现在需求直接相关。) 小题微练1 1．She usually reads (read) a chapter of novels before going to bed. 2．I have collected (collect) more than fifty postcards from different countries so far. 3．My grandpa often reminded me that honesty is (be) the best policy when I was a kid. 4．So far, the local government has invested (invest) a lot of money in improving rural transportation. 5．We visited the ancient castle and took (take) many photos last Saturday. 6．This is the fourth time I have attended (attend) an international art exhibition. 7．When the rain stops (stop), we will go for a walk in the nearby park. 8．My cousin learned/learnt (learn) to play table tennis during the winter vacation last year. 9．The museum opens at 9 a．m.and closes (close) at 5 p．m.every weekday. 10．This is the most touching story that I have heard (hear) in my life. 其他时态 (1)一般将来时的基本用法： ① 表示将来的动作和存在的状态。 The new library will open to the public next month.新图书馆将于下个月向公众开放。 ② 表示临时做出的决定。 —We have no milk left.我们没牛奶了。 —I will go to the supermarket to buy some.我这就去超市买一些。 【点拨】　一般将来时几种特殊表达形式的区别： ① be going to：表示某人打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事。 Look at those dark clouds—it is going to rain soon.看那些乌云，很快就要下雨了。 ② be about to：表示即时的将来，一般不与时间状语连用。 The teacher is about to enter the classroom.Please be quiet.老师马上要进教室了，请安静。 ③ be to：可用来表示按计划、安排(通常是正式的安排)；表示指令、要求会做某事；必定会发生某事；发布命令或告知规则。 You are to finish this report before 5 p．m.this afternoon.你必须在今天下午 5 点前完成这份报告。 (2)现在进行时的基本用法： ① 表示说话时正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作(但此时此刻该动作不一定正在发生)。 My mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen right now.我妈妈此刻正在厨房做晚饭。 ② 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常见的动词有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay等。 My best friend is coming to visit me this weekend.我最好的朋友这周末要来看我。 (3)过去进行时的基本用法： ① 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。 I was watching a movie at 8 p．m.yesterday.昨天晚上8点，我正在看电影。 ② 表示位置移动的动词可用过去进行时表过去将来时，这类动词主要有：leave, start, arrive, go, come 等。 He said he was coming to my house to help me with my math homework that evening.他说那天晚上要来我家帮我补数学作业。 (4)将来进行时的基本用法： 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常用时间状语：at this time tomorrow, from 10：00 to 11：00 tomorrow等。 They will be having a meeting with the client from 10：00 to 11：00 tomorrow morning.明天上午10点到11点，他们将正在见客户。 (5)过去完成时的基本用法： ① 表示过去某一时间点或动作之前已经完成的动作，常和by＋过去时间， before＋过去时间等时间状语连用。 By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had started.当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始(放映)了。 ② 表示过去本打算实现而未实现的愿望或计划，此时常与hope, want, expect, think, mean, wish, plan, intend等动词连用。 I had planned to visit you last week, but I was too busy with work.我本计划上周去看你，但工作太忙了。 ③ 下列句型中常用过去完成时： ·hardly ... when ... (hardly后接过去完成时， when 后接一般过去时)，表示“一……就……”。 Hardly had she opened the door when a dog rushed in.她一打开门，一只狗就冲了进来。 ·no sooner ... than ... (no sooner后接过去完成时， than 后接一般过去时)，表示“一……就……”。 He had no sooner put down the book than he fell asleep.他一放下书就睡着了。 ·It was the first/second/ ... time that ... (that从句用过去完成时)，表示“那是某人第几次做某事”。 It was the third time that we had visited the museum.那是我们第三次参观这个博物馆。 (6)将来完成时的基本用法： 表示到将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作，常和by＋将来时间点， by the end of ＋将来时间点， by the time＋时间状语从句(从句用一般现在时表将来)等时间状语连用。 By this weekend, we will have prepared all the materials for the meeting.到这个周末，我们就会准备好会议所需的全部材料了。 (7)现在完成进行时的基本用法： 表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续，强调动作的持续过程。 It has been raining heavily all day.大雨下了一整天了。 (8)过去将来时的基本用法： 表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算。 She told me she would visit her grandparents the next weekend.她告诉我，她下个周末要去看望祖父母。 小题微练2 1．The phone is ringing (ring) loudly; I will go and answer it immediately. 2．By 2030, scientists will have found (find) new solutions to this problem. 3．He promised that he would help (help) me review all my lessons this weekend. 4．Don't call him at 3 p．m.tomorrow; he will be attending (attend) a crucial job interview then. 5．It was the first time that he had driven (drive) such an expensive car. 6．She was crossing (cross) the street when a bicycle rushed towards her quickly. 7．This box looks too heavy for you; I will help (help) you carry it upstairs. 8．The old man said he had traveled (travel) to more than twenty countries by the age of thirty. 9．She has worked/has been working (work) in this company as a designer since she graduated in 2020. 10．The president is to give (give) a very important speech on national TV a few minutes later. (二)动词的语态 被动语态的构成 时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋ 过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词 过去时 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋ 过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词 将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词 shall/will＋have been＋过去分词 过去将来时 would/should be＋过去分词 would/should＋have been＋过去分词 不能用于被动语态的几类动词 (1)某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态。常见的有：have, cost, lack, suit, belong to, suffer from, date from/back to, consist of, take part in。 This book belongs to my sister.这本书是我姐姐的。 The tradition dates back to the 17th century.这个传统可以追溯到 17 世纪。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：last, happen/take place/occur, remain, break out, come out, come up, lose heart, run out。 Her new novel came out last month.她的新小说上个月出版了。 Our food supplies have run out during the trip.旅途中我们的食物补给已经用完了。 主动形式表示被动意义 (1)“系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 It is known to us that ice always feels cold. 我们都知道，冰摸起来总是凉的。 (2)当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ① Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近很畅销的那本书吗？ ② This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易清洗。 (3)need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词后，常用动词­ing形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 These trees need watering/to be watered, or they won't survive the hot summer.这些树需要浇水了，否则它们难以熬过这个炎热的夏天。 (4)在“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词包括：nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 Your writing is really difficult to read.你的写作确实很难读懂。 (5)“be to blame”主动形式表示被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake？谁应为此错误承担责任呢？ 小题微练3 1．The letter is being typed (type) by my secretary right now in the office. 2．The old bridge had been repaired (repair) before the heavy rain came last month. 3．This ancient custom dates (date) back to the Tang Dynasty and is still kept today. 4．This valuable painting was being shown (show) in the city museum when the theft happened. 5．The famous writer will have finished (finish) her new book by the time we attend the literary festival. 6．This kind of fruit tastes (taste) delicious and sells (sell) well in the local supermarket. 7．These old photos have been kept (keep) in the wooden box for more than fifty years by my grandpa. 8．The car was damaged (damage) in the accident yesterday and is being repaired (repair) in the garage now. 9．The results of the exam will be announced (announce) on the school website tomorrow morning. 10．Who is to blame (blame) for the delay of the project that was supposed to be completed last week? (三)主谓一致 语法一致原则 (1)动词不定式、动词­ing形式和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.忙碌一天后，听音乐能使我放松。 [名师点津] what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What the school needs are qualified teachers.这所学校需要的是有资质的老师。 (2)“and”“both ... and ...”连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式。 ① Her little sister and her friends are in the living room.她的妹妹和朋友都在客厅呢。 ② Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.面包加黄油是我常吃的早餐。 (3)如果主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, in common with等词连接其他名词，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher, as well as his students, was very excited.老师和学生都很兴奋。 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town, which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。 (5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 ① Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多家长都不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。 ② Every mistake and every detail deserves our attention.每一个错误和每一个细节都值得我们关注。 就近一致原则 (1)由or, nor, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but (also) ..., not ... but ... 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数常和离它最近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher was late.不仅是学生们，连老师也迟到了。 (2)There be 句型中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时， be的形式与其最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a computer and three chairs in my new office.在我的新办公室里有一台电脑和三把椅子。 意义一致原则 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。 The committee quarrel as to who the next chairman should be.委员们争论谁应该担任下一届委员会主席。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其所表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其实际表达的意义。 ① About one third of the books are written by him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 ② Some milk is left in the bottle.瓶子里还剩一些牛奶。 (3)“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。 ① A number of countries have engaged in space lectures.许多国家参与了太空授课。 ② The number of people asking to go there is on the increase.要求去那儿的人数日益增多。 (4)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等类别的复数名词作主语时，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a child.3 000美元对于一个孩子来说是一大笔钱。 (5)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.患者被治愈了，同时失踪的人也被找到了。 小题微练4 1．The mother, as well as her three children, goes (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. 2．Barbara is easy to recognise as she's the only one of the women who wears (wear) an evening dress. 3．The number of chinstrap penguins in some colonies in western Antarctica has fallen (fall) by as much as 77 percent since they were last surveyed in the 1970s. 4．About two thirds of the land in this area is covered (cover) with green grass and tall trees. 5．Neither his parents nor I am (be) able to persuade him to change his mind. 6．Many a student in our class is preparing (prepare) for the upcoming English speech contest now. 7．Listening to English news every morning helps (help) improve your language skills effectively. 8．The writer and poet is (be) going to give a speech about creative writing in our school. 9．Ten years is (be) a long time for a person to achieve his lifelong dream with hard work. 10．The poor in this village have received (receive) much help from the local government recently. Ⅰ.语法与教材 1．(外研版必修一U1)After I had pictured (picture) it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived: my first day at senior high! 2．(北师大版必修二U6)Since then, it has been published (publish) in at least 67 languages and 31 million copies have been sold. 3．(人教版必修一U4)Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected (expect) to grow even higher over the next few days. 4．(人教版必修二U2)At the moment, the milu deer are still living in reserves where they are being protected (protect) and cared for. 5．(北师大版选一U3)In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone (go) up by 25%. 6．(外研版选二U1)I've also been taking driving lessons, and in fact I will be taking (take) my driving test on the very day I turn 18. 7．(人教版必修一U4)It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked (work) outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill. 8．(外研版选二U3)Walking home a few days ago, I saw that people were doing (do) reconstruction work on the old market. 9．(人教版选四U1)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have (have) more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”． 10．(外研版必修一U1)I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard (hear) a voice behind me. Ⅱ.语法与高考 Chinese architecture, with its unique style and profound cultural connotations, 1.has attracted (attract) worldwide attention for centuries.The Forbidden City in Beijing, which 2.was built (build) during the Ming Dynasty, 3.stands (stand) as a magnificent example of ancient Chinese wooden structures.A number of tourists visit this palace complex every year, and the number of visitors 4.is increasing (increase) steadily now. Traditionally, the construction of these buildings followed strict principles.In the past, neither iron nails nor modern tools 5.were used (use) in the original process.Instead, complex wooden brackets, known as dougong, were employed to support the heavy roofs.Scientific study shows that this ingenious technique, along with other traditional skills, 6.is (be) crucial for the buildings' earthquake resistance. This ancient art is preserved and promoted in modern times.So far, great efforts 7.have been made (make) to restore and protect historical sites.Who is 8.to blame (blame) if a historical site is damaged? Everyone agrees that this precious heritage needs 9.protecting/to be protected (protect) with care.We believe that these architectural wonders 10.will continue (continue) to inspire people for generations to come. Ⅲ.语法与写作(用动词的时态、语态和主谓一致的知识补全作文) (2026·湖南省郴州市高三一模)上周五下午，你校邀请营养学专家格林博士举办了主题为“体重管理与健康青少年”的讲座。请你为校英文报撰写一篇报道，内容包括： 1．讲座内容； 2．收获与感想。 Last Friday afternoon, our school 1.invited nutrition expert Dr.Green to deliver a lecture (邀请了营养学专家格林博士举办了一场讲座) themed “Weight Management and Adolescent Health.” By the time the lecture started, the auditorium 2.had been filled with students (已经满是学生) eager for professional guidance. Dr.Green explained that 3.balanced nutrition is crucial for teenagers' growth (均衡营养对青少年的成长至关重要).He emphasised that 4.processed foods have been proven harmful to weight control (加工食品已被证实对体重控制有害).Practical tips such as meal planning and regular exercise were shared, which have helped many students adjust their lifestyles. The lecture has broadened our horizons significantly.We have realised that 5.healthy weight management is a long­term journey (健康的体重管理是一段长期的旅程), not a temporary task.In the future, we 6.will apply the knowledge (将运用这些知识) to build healthier habits.This meaningful activity 7.is highly praised by both students and teachers (受到了学生和老师的高度评价). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $