选修3 Unit 3 Back to the past （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、句式、阅读、写作等核心考点，按“基础自检—重难突破—素养提升”逻辑分层架构，通过梯级一自检自测夯实单词默写与语境运用基础，梯级二靶向训练聚焦高频词法（如convince词族）、句法（拟人修辞），结合真题阅读与主题写作，构建系统性复习体系。 讲义创新采用“词块—句式—语篇”三阶训练法，如词汇变形模块通过“动词—名词—形容词”转换训练提升语言能力，阅读隐含推断题结合“观点—例子”逻辑培养思维品质。设置限时检测、微写作背诵等活动，帮助教师精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生应试技能与综合素养。

梯级一　自检自测·语境运用 说明：背诵完课本单词后，完成默写检测(限时：25分钟，满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读单词英译汉(每空0.5分，共14分) 1．breadth n.　　　　　　 宽度；广泛 2．fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 3．compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规 4．log n. 航海日志；原木 vi.& vt, 伐木 5．shore n. 岸，滨 6．subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的 7．captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长 8．kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围 9．royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的 10．tomb n. 坟墓 11．extensively adv. 广泛地；广阔地 12．prison n. 监狱 13．minister n. 大臣，部长 14．format n. 总体安排，设计；版式 15．hell n. 地狱；苦难的经历 16．washroom n. 洗手间，厕所 17．eagle n. 雕 18．deck n. 甲板，舱面 19．meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下 20．navy n. 海军，海军部队 21．hatch vt. 密谋，策划 vi. 孵化；孵出 22．infamy n. 臭名昭著；恶行，罪恶 23．memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 24．episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集 25．textile n. 纺织品 26．cottage n. 小屋，村舍 Ⅱ.核心单词默写(每空1分，共26分) 1．a long sea voyage 　　　　　 一次漫长的海上航行 2．insist to the end 坚持到底 3．choose the best route 选择最佳路线 4．leak out slowly 缓慢渗出 5．in a state of panic 处于惊恐状态 6．regardless of the consequences 不顾后果 7．facilitate economic growth 促进经济增长 8．the only room available 唯一空的房间 9．a common phrase 一个常见的习语 10．a book shelf 一个书架 11．pack into the car 塞进车里 12．on the contrary 相反地 13．go aboard 上船 14．rub hands 搓手 15．school uniform 校服 16．hear thunder in the distance 听到远处的雷声 17．drag the heavy box slowly 慢慢地拖沉重的箱子 18．in complete chaos 处于完全的混乱中 19．bleed to death 流血致死 20．the main plot 主要情节 21．sink in water 沉入水中 22．pray for good luck 祈求好运 23．economic reform 经济改革 24．increase the output 提高产量 25．a piece of cloth 一块布 26．shift attention 转移注意力 Ⅲ.变形单词默写(每空1分，共44分) 1．① convince the public 说服公众 ② convincing evidence 有说服力的证据 2．① be navigated by the North Star 靠北极星来导航 ② satellite navigation system 卫星导航系统 3．① load the truck with vegetables 给卡车装上蔬菜 ② upload photos上传照片 ③ download the application 下载应用程序 ④ information overload 信息超载 4．① physical strength 体力 ② strengthen security 加强安保 5．① dismiss an employee 解雇一名员工 ② a dismissal letter 一封解雇信 6．① prove his innocence 证明他的清白 ② solid proof 确凿的证据 7．① acknowledge the truth 承认事实 ② win widespread acknowledgement 获得广泛认可 8．① under the influence of ... 在……的影响下 ② an influential figure 有影响力的人物 9．① public finance 公共财政 ② financial crisis 金融危机 10．① depart at dawn 拂晓出发 ② delay our departure 延误我们的启程 11．① short distance 短距离 ② shorten working hours 缩短工作时间 ③ water shortage 水资源短缺 12．① astonish the world 震惊世界 ② an astonishing speed 惊人的速度 ③ an astonished expression 惊讶的表情 ④ stare in astonishment 惊讶地盯着 13．① classical literature 古典文学 ② literary style 文学风格 14．① make an exception 破例 ② showed exceptional skills 展现出杰出的技艺 15．① adopt a child 领养一个孩子 ② feel loved by adopted parents 感受到养父母的爱 ③ the adoption of new technology 新技术的采用 16．① compare the prices 比较价格 ② make a comparison 进行比较 17．① a violent storm 一场猛烈的暴风雨 ② domestic violence 家庭暴力 ③ shake violently 剧烈摇晃 18．① freeze in fear 吓呆了 ② on a freezing morning 在一个寒冷的早上 ③ a frozen river 一条冰封的河 Ⅳ.重点短语默写(每空1分，共6分) 1．on behalf of 　 　 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 2．regardless of 不管，不顾 3．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内 4．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5．contrary to 与……相反 6．cottage industry 家庭手工业 Ⅴ.经典句式默写(每题2分，共10分) 1．其船队有船200余艘，载有近28 000人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。(which引导非限制性定语从句) A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28, 000 people on board, which was a splendid scene． 2．凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。(who引导定语从句) Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus. 3．1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。(with复合结构) On 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen． 4．他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。(拟人修辞) His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings． 5．如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：太平洋中央。(where引导地点状语从句) Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 梯级二　重难突破·靶向训练 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服，劝说→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的；坚信不疑的→convincing adj.令人信服的 (1)convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth说服/劝说某人做某事 (2)be convinced of/that ... 坚信……　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (外研版选一U5)But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing (convince) that more and more people started to believe his theory. ② (人教版选四U2)I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced (convince) that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! ③ It is advisable to invite experts to give lectures to convince local residents of the urgency of reducing plastic waste in daily life.[应用文写作之建议信] [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 面带温柔的笑容，莉莉说服她的朋友分享她的担忧，注意到女孩紧抿的嘴唇渐渐放松。[读后续写之表情描写] With a soft smile, Lily convinced her friend to share her worries, noticing the girl's tightly pressed lips gradually relax. load vt.& vi.装上，装入 n．负载；承载量→download vt.下载→upload vt.上传→overload vt.使超载；使负荷过重 (1)load ... with ... 用……装载…… load ... onto/into ... 把……装到……上/里去 be loaded with ... 装满……；充满…… (2)loads of＝a load of大量，许多 take a load off one's mind 使某人如释重负；打消某人的顾虑　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① Loaded (load) with anxiety, she kept checking her phone every five minutes, waiting for the interview result. ② The charity received loads (load) of donations for the rural primary school, such as stationery, books, and warm clothes.[应用文写作之活动报道] ③ Before the camping trip, Lily helped her parents load the tent into the car, checking twice to make sure nothing was left behind.[读后续写之动作描写] [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 收到儿子在雨中安全到家的短信使她如释重负，脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容。[读后续写之表情描写] Receiving the text message saying her son had arrived home safely took a load off her mind, a big smile spreading across her face. acknowledge vt.承认(权威/地位/属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；收件复函 (1)acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做(过)某事 acknowledge ... to be/as ... 认为……是……；承认……是…… It is (generally/universally/widely) acknowledged that ... ……是大家公认的 (2)in acknowledgement of 以感谢/表彰……　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① The student lowered her eyes shyly while acknowledging copying/having copied (copy) a few sentences from the reference book in her essay.[读后续写之动作描写] ② We are writing this letter in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of your generous donation to our school's library.[应用文写作之感谢信] ③ We must acknowledge this collection of short stories to be (be) a vivid reflection of rural life in the 1980s.[应用文写作之书评] [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 众所周知，《肖申克的救赎》之所以成为永恒经典，不仅在于其情节，更在于它歌颂了极端困境中的希望与友谊。[应用文写作之影评] It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that The Shawshank Redemption has become a timeless classic not just for its plot, but for its celebration of hope and friendship in the darkest of circumstances. insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求；坚持说 (1)insist on (doing) sth坚持(做)某事 (2)insist(坚持说/认为)that ...，从句用陈述语气 insist(坚决要求/坚持)that sb (should) do ...，从句用虚拟语气 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (北师版必修三U9)I kept telling him that I knew the way myself, but he insisted on taking me there. ② Citizens insist that more parks be built (build) to improve the quality of urban life. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ③ 那个学生坚持说自己没有抄作业，辩解时脸颊涨得通红。[读后续写之表情描写] The student insisted that he hadn't copied the homework, his cheeks flushing red as he defended himself. depart vi.& vt.离开，起程；背离，违背；辞(职)，离(职)→departure n．离开，起程；背离，违反 (1)depart from 离开……，从……起程；背离……，违反…… (2)depart for 动身去……　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (外研版选二U5) With the departure (depart) of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ② 一家人迅速拿起行李箱，出发前往机场赶早班飞机。[读后续写之动作描写] The family quickly picked up their suitcases and departed for the airport to catch the early flight. ③ 眼中闪着泪光，玛丽离开了家乡，尽管不愿离开年迈的父母。[读后续写之心理描写] With tears glistening in her eyes, Mary departed from her hometown, though reluctant to leave her elderly parents. panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi.& vt.(使)惊慌→panicked(过去式/过去分词) (1)a wave/surge of panic 一阵恐慌 in panic 惊慌地 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 (2)panic over/about 对……感到恐慌 panic sb into doing sth吓得某人仓促做某事　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① When the fire alarm rang, people rushed out of the building in panic, some even knocking over chairs in their hurry.[读后续写之动作描写] ② He panicked about/over missing the flight, constantly checking his watch and rushing through the airport.[读后续写之动作描写] ③ The sudden thunder panicked the little girl into hiding under the bed and covering her ears tightly.[读后续写之动作描写] [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 老师叫到她的名字，一阵恐慌涌上胸口——她感觉脸颊发烫，声音卡在了喉咙里。[读后续写之心理描写] When the teacher called her name, a wave/surge of panic flooded her chest—she felt her cheeks burn and her voice stick in her throat. astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 (1)be astonished at/by sth因某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶 (2)in astonishment 吃惊地 (much) to one's astonishment 让某人(非常)惊讶的是　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing (astonish) potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI­powered future. ② (外研版选一U5)Visitors would be astonished to find (find) the garden modeled closely on natural features. ③ (北师版选二U4)When he looks at the menu, an astonished (astonish) look quickly appears on his face. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 令她惊讶的是，雨突然停了，太阳出来了，天空中还出现了一道彩虹——她冲到窗边，兴奋地指着彩虹。[读后续写之场景描写] To her astonishment, the rain stopped suddenly, the sun came out, and a rainbow appeared in the sky; she rushed to the window and pointed at it excitedly. comparison n．对比；比较→compare vt.比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n．比较 (1)make a comparison 作比较 by comparison 相比之下，相较而言 in comparison with 与……相比较 (2)compare ... with ... 把……和……相比较 compare ... to ... 把……比作…… compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作状语) beyond/without compare无与伦比，举世无双　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (2025·北京卷)Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. ② (2025·浙江1月卷)Compared (compare) to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. ③ The science and technology expo attracts more students in comparison (compare) with the book fair.[应用文写作之活动介绍] [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 中国的丽江古城的风景堪称无与伦比，有着鹅卵石街道、木质房屋和穿城而过的小河。[应用文写作之景点介绍] The scenery of the Lijiang Ancient Town in China, with its cobblestone streets, wooden houses, and canals flowing through the town, is without/beyond compare． ⑤ 我建议你在决定选哪门课前，先对比一下这两门选修课的难度。[应用文写作之建议信] I suggest you make a comparison of the difficulty levels of these two optional courses before deciding which one to take. 句式：拟人修辞 [教材]　His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.他的航海开启了探险时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。 witness，see常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，意为“某时或某地目睹/发生/经历了某事”，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。　　 [写美]　微写作·背诵 ① 这座老钟在过去十年里，见证了这间客厅里无数次家庭聚会。[读后续写之场景描写] The old clock has witnessed/seen countless family gatherings in this living room over the past ten years. ② 这片白雪覆盖的田野目睹了孩子们堆雪人、打雪仗的场景。[读后续写之动作描写] The snow­covered field saw/witnessed children build snowmen and have snowball fights on its white surface. 关键能力·破解构词 后缀­less，通常表示“无……的；不……的；缺乏……的” [本单元] regardless adv.不顾，不管怎样 [相关词] ① careless adj.粗心的；疏忽的 ② hopeless adj.无望的；绝望的 ③ spotless adj.一尘不染的；洁净的 ④ shameless adj.无耻的；不知羞耻的 ⑤ powerless adj.无力的；无权的 ⑥ homeless adj.无家可归的 通过构词法猜测黑体词在语境中的含义 1．After the fire, the once­busy street became lifeless and empty.无生气的；死气沉沉的 2．The fearless firefighter rushed into the burning building to save the trapped child.无畏的；勇敢的 3．He stood motionless in the rain, too shocked to move after hearing the news.静止的；不动的 4．Arguing about such small details all day is meaningless—we should focus on the main problem.无意义的 5．After losing his job and spending all his savings, he became penniless and had to sleep on the street.身无分文的 关键能力·词义活用 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．plot A．n.阴谋　B．n.故事情节　C．n.小块土地　D．vi.& vt.为(故事)构思情节 Lily went to her small ① plot to relax, but inspiration hit—she started to ② plot a new novel.The ③ plot centers on a journalist uncovering a secret ④ plot to destroy local gardens, making the story both tense and meaningful. ① C 　② D 　③ B ④ A 2．sink A．n.水槽，洗涤槽　B．vi.& vt.下沉，沉没　C．vt.& vi.降低　D．vi.陷入(某种状态) The old ship began to ① sink into the stormy sea, its hopes of rescue ② sinking with each passing minute.The drowning sailors ③ sank into despair as they faced the icy waves.Back on shore, the captain's wife washed her hands in the ④ sink, anxiously awaiting news. ① B 　② C 　③ D ④ A 3．hatch A．vt.密谋，策划　B．vi.孵化，孵出　C．n.舱口，舱门 While fixing the rusty ① hatch, Mike heard soft cheeps—it turned out that the duck eggs he'd brought had started to ② hatch! That evening, his crewmates gathered to ③ hatch a small celebration plan for this unexpected joy. ① C 　② B 　③ A 4．acknowledge A．vt.承认(权威/地位/属实)　B．vt.感谢　C．vt.告知收到(信息、信件等) After receiving the client's email, Clara quickly wrote back to ① acknowledge it.In the team meeting, she took time to ② acknowledge everyone's hard work on the project.She also had to ③ acknowledge that the client's new requirements would need extra time to fulfill. ① C 　② B 　③ A Ⅱ.熟词生义 5．(原创：高考高频之野外探险话题)(外研版必修一U5)While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.Slowly, and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned ... and froze． ◎The underlined word “froze” in the text most probably means “ B ”． A．became extremely cold B．stopped moving suddenly C．started laughing D．started to shake with fear 6．(原创：高考高频之日常生活话题)Every evening, Mia takes a few minutes to log her cat's daily life—when it eats, plays, or naps.This helps her notice if the cat feels unwell, such as when it suddenly eats less than usual. ◎The underlined word “log” in the text most probably means “ D ”． A．ignore B．imagine C．forget D．record 7．(原创：高考高频之学校课堂话题)Mr.Hill always used lectures to teach history, but this semester he chose to depart from his usual method.He had students act out ancient events, making the boring dates and facts feel lively and easy to remember. ◎The underlined word “depart” in the text most probably means “ A ”． A．break away from B．stick to C．improve D．explain 8．(原创：高考高频之工作话题)Lisa starts her morning shift at the hospital at 7 a．m.; she checks on patients, gives medicines, and talks to families.By the time her shift ends at 3 p．m., she's tired but happy, knowing she helped those in need. ◎The underlined word “shift” in the text most probably means “ C ”． A．a short break B．a medical tool C．a period of work D．a family visit 学科素养·主题阅读 (说明：文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇) (2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate and non­literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non­literate societies such as these, all our first­hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about. C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable. 2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2? A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people. C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one­sided. 3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society. 4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World B．A Short History of Australia C．A History of the World in 100 objects D．How Art Works Tell Stories 命题角度——隐含推断题： 例子与上下文观点的关联匹配 (对接T2) 【设题特点】 ① 题干多以“Why does the author mention ...？”“What is the purpose of ...？”等形式提问，要求推断例子与上下文核心观点的内在关联，明确例子的论证功能。 ② 原文呈现“观点＋例子”的逻辑结构，核心观点多在例子前后(常为段首/段尾主题句)，例子以具体案例、数据、史实等形式呈现，服务于观点的解释、支撑或反驳，关联线索隐含在语境中。 【破题思路】 　　 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 1．A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world ... recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.”可知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。 2．D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring ... but in many cases we simply can't.”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side ... after his first experience of gunshot.”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，他只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。 3．B　词句猜测题。根据画线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino ... only one half of a dialogue.”并结合画线句可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 4．C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world ... for most of the time, has not.”并结合最后一段的最后一句可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好地了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。 1．语境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ① (熟词生义)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.vt.特别优待，偏袒 ② (合成词/一词多义)If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.vt.使重现　vt.质询 ③ (合成词/一词多义)When we consider contact between literate and non­literate societies such as these, all our first­hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.adj.第一手的，直接的　vt.(故意)歪曲，曲解 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ① bring together　　 结合；把……汇集在一起 ② in many cases 在很多情况下 ③ in addition to 除……之外(还) ④ be deliberately twisted 被故意歪曲 ⑤ on the losing side 处于战败方；属于失利的一方 ⑥ give sb back a voice 让某人重新获得话语权 1．If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. 抓标志：从属连词 If、because；关系代词 that，并列连词 while 判类型：If引导的条件状语从句＋同位语(含有that引导的定语从句)＋主句＋because引导的原因状语从句(含有while连接的并列句) 试翻译：如果你想讲述整个世界的历史——一段不偏袒人类任何一个群体的历史——就不能仅依靠文献，因为世界上只有一部分地区曾有过文献记录，而在大多数时间里，世界上的大部分地区都没有。 2．Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. 抓标志：并列连词 and、but 判类型：分句1＋and＋分句2＋but＋分句3 试翻译：理想情况下，一部历史著作应当将文本和器物结合起来，而本书的某些章节确实做到了这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本无法做到。 3．If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. 抓标志：从属连词 If；连接代词 what 判类型：If 引导的条件状语从句(含what引导的宾语从句)＋主句 试翻译：如果我们想还原那天实际发生的事情，就必须像审视书面报告一样，深入且严谨地对这件盾牌进行探究和解读。 4．The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. 抓标志：关系代词whom，关系代词that/which(省略) 判类型：主句主语＋all of whom引导的非限制性定语从句＋主句其他成分[内含定语从句(省略that/which)＋解释说明句(含有过去分词短语told ... 作后置定语)] 试翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚原住民、非洲贝宁人民以及印加人——所有这些在本书中记载的民族，都能通过他们制作的器物，最为有力地向我们诉说他们过去的成就：一部由器物讲述的历史，使他们重获了话语权。 学科素养·主题写作 (一)应用文写作[参观历史博物馆＋邮件] (湖北省沙市中学高三模拟)假定你是李华，上周你班参观了当地的历史博物馆。请给你的英国朋友瑞安写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：1.所见所闻；2.你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 应用单元知识完成写作(黑体词为单元词汇) [写作构思链]　问候开篇＋点明参观经历→描述博物馆核心见闻→提炼历史事件的精神内涵→抒发个人感悟→表达共同参观的期待 Dear Ryan， I hope this email finds you well.Last week, our class ① visited the local history museum (参观了当地的历史博物馆), and I'd like to share the experience with you. The museum displayed fascinating artifacts from ancient voyages.We saw models of old fleets and learned ② how sailors used compasses to navigate the seas (水手们如何使用指南针在海上航行).One exhibit ③ featured a captain's log (以一位船长的航海日志为特色), which recorded a dangerous journey where ④ the ship almost sank due to a leak (这艘船因为一个漏洞几乎沉没).Despite shortages of supplies, the crew remained calm without panic, regardless of the risks.It was astonishing to see ⑤ how they managed to return safely to shore (他们如何设法安全返回岸边).These exhibits showed me ⑥ how our ancestors strengthened harmonious ties with other regions through wisdom and courage (我们的祖先是如何凭借智慧与勇气加强与其他区域之间的和谐联系). ⑦ It was an eye­opening experience (这是一次大开眼界的经历) that helped me realise the value of historical heritage.I wish you could visit it too someday! Yours， Li Hua (二)读后续写[博物馆之旅＋好奇与专注情感描写] Ⅰ.语料积累(好奇与专注情感描写) 词汇 ① curious adj.好奇的 ② fascinated adj.着迷的 ③ stare at 凝视 ④ lean close to 凑近 ⑤ take notes 记笔记 ⑥ point at 指着 ⑦ whisper softly 轻声低语 句式 1.not ... but ... 句型 She noticed not the crowd around but the ancient vase in the glass case.她注意到的不是周围的人群，而是玻璃柜里的古董花瓶。 2．动作链 He leaned close to the exhibit, stared at it carefully, and then took out a notebook to write down his thoughts.他凑近展品，仔细凝视，然后拿出笔记本写下想法。 3．形容词(短语)作状语 Curious and excited, they followed the guide through the museum halls.好奇又兴奋，他们跟着导游穿过博物馆大厅。 Ⅱ.语料运用(博物馆之旅) [前情提示]　学校组织研学活动，露西和同学们来到市博物馆。刚走进古文物展厅，玻璃柜里纹饰精美的青铜器就吸引了她的目光，导游正准备讲解展品的历史背景…… [情节构思链]　踏入展厅被吸引→凑近展品细观察→凝视文物听讲解→轻声交流谈发现→记笔记存收获→驻足壁画叹神奇→离馆仍回味 ① Curious and fascinated (形容词短语作状语), Lucy walked quickly to the glass case, ② not caring about the noisy classmates but focusing on the bronze ware inside (not ... but ... 句型).She ③ leaned close to the glass, stared at the delicate patterns, and pointed at the ancient characters on it (动作链).Attentive and serious, she listened to the guide's explanation, took notes carefully, and ④ whispered softly to her deskmate about her discoveries.Amazed and impressed, she moved to the mural painting, staring at the vivid scenes of ancient life.She ⑤ didn't want to leave but had to follow the group (not ... but ... 句型), holding the notebook tightly in her hand.⑥ Excited and satisfied (形容词短语作状语), she sighed gently, flipped through her notes, and ⑦ recalled the interesting historical stories the guide told．Even when walking out of the museum, her mind was still filled with the wonderful exhibits she had seen. 既好奇又着迷，露西快步走向玻璃柜，不在意吵闹的同学，只专注于里面的青铜器。她凑近玻璃，凝视着精美的纹饰，指着上面的古文字。专注又认真，她听着导游的讲解，仔细记笔记，还轻声和同桌分享自己的发现。惊讶又印象深刻，她走到壁画前，凝视着古代生活的生动场景。她不想离开但不得不跟着队伍，手里紧紧攥着笔记本。兴奋又满足，她轻声叹了口气，翻看着笔记，回忆着导游讲述的有趣的历史故事。即便走出博物馆，她的脑海里依然回味着那些见过的奇妙展品。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $