必修3 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、短语、句式等核心考点，按“自检自测—重难突破—能力提升”梯级架构组织，通过阅读单词英译汉、核心单词默写、变形单词语境运用等梳理考点，结合重点词汇用法“练会+写美”指导、经典句式仿写及真题阅读训练，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破语境应用难点。 资料以梯级分层和核心素养培育为特色，如通过构词法破解“-ic”后缀形容词、词义活用中“charge”“involve”等一词多义辨析，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置“微写作·背诵”“主题写作”等活动，结合限时检测和分层练习，确保高效复习，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

梯级一　自检自测·语境运用 说明：背诵完课本单词后，完成默写检测(限时：25分钟，满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读单词英译汉(每空1分，共15分) 1．extract n. 　 　 提取物；选录 vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到 2．herb n. 药草，香草；草本 3．trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt. 测试，试验 4．bacteria n. 细菌 5．evil n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 6．illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于 7．atomic adj. 原子能的；原子的 8．data n. 数据，资料，材料 9．mystery n. 神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 10．evolution n. 进化；演变，发展 11．metal n. 金属 12．negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 Ⅱ.核心单词默写(每空1分，共20分) 1．the People's Republic of China　　　 中华人民共和国 2．deadly danger 致命危险 3．be born in Gansu Province 出生于甘肃省 4．conduct many important experiments 开展多项重要实验 5．the sensory information surrounding you你身边的感官信息 6．low­income/one­parent households 低收入/单亲家庭 7．postpone leaving for Shanghai 推迟前往上海 8．without sufficient data 没有充足的数据 9．a respected politician 一位受人尊敬的政治家 10．a greatly increased chance of survival 存活概率大幅提升 11．in favour of organic farming 支持有机农业 12．thunderstorm and lightning 雷雨和闪电 13．this intellectual writer's most standout work 这位有才气作家的最杰出作品 14．create intelligent machines 研发智能机器 15．broad market 广阔的市场 16．authorities for publishing medical papers 发表医学论文的权威(机构/平台) 17．explode like a bomb 像炸弹一样爆炸 18．how to apply for work online 如何在网上申请工作 19．free of charge 免费 20．pay by credit card 用信用卡付款 Ⅲ.变形单词默写(每空1分，共40分) (依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1．① had only intended to stay for one year原本只打算待一年 ② have no intention of going out 不打算出去 2．① make good use of limited time 充分利用有限时间 ② limit the speed of economic development 限制经济发展速度 ③ overcome your limitations 克服你的局限 3．① be kept in an airtight container 贮藏在密封的容器里 ② contain key information 包含关键信息 4．① the wisdom of ancient Chinese people中国古人的智慧 ② make a wise decision 做出一个明智的决定 ③ use your time wisely 善加利用你的时间 5．① more beneficial to mankind 对人类更有益 ② benefit a lot from it 从中受益良多 6．① indicate fine weather 预示着好天气 ② give no indication 没有任何迹象 7．① a traffic accident 交通事故 ② an accidental meeting 偶然的会面 8．① an electric bike电动车 ② an electrical fault in the engine 发动机电气故障 ③ produce electricity 发电 9．① involve an element of risk涉及风险因素 ② contact the people involved 联系相关人员 ③ encourage active involvement of students in (sth) 鼓励同学们积极参与(某项活动) 10．① a very scientific approach to management 非常科学的管理方法 ② a brilliant young scientist一位才华横溢的青年科学家 11．① prejudice and ignorance偏见与无知 ② ignore the essence of the problem 忽视问题的本质 ③ be ignorant about modern technology对现代科技一无所知 12．① permit us to question允许我们提出疑问 ② without permission 未经许可 13．① be obliged to take responsibility 有义务承担起责任 ② be responsible for his behaviour对他的行为负责 14．① declare a state of emergency宣布进入紧急状态 ② issue a declaration 发表声明 15．① please write down your nationality clearly 请清晰填写你的国籍 ② touch the heart of the entire nation触动了全国人民的心 ③ the national characteristics of the country 该国的民族特色 16．① to experience the freedom of being my own boss体验自己当老板的自由 ② have more free time to do other things 有更多可支配的时间做其他的事情 17．① celebrate 30 years of marriage 庆祝结婚三十周年 ② be married for ten years 结婚十年了 Ⅳ.重点短语默写(每空1分，共15分) 1．make a difference　　 　 有影响，起作用 2．refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 3．speed up (使)加速 4．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 5．through trial and error 反复试验 6．by accident 偶然，意外地 7．work out 计算出；理解 8．with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 9．let sb down 使某人失望 10．as to 关于，至于 11．take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……理所当然 12．put forward 提出，提议，建议 13．far from the truth 根本不是事实 14．thanks to 幸亏；由于 15．the discovery of ... ……的发现 Ⅴ.经典句式默写(每题2分，共10分) 1．屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。[the first＋(n.)＋不定式短语作定语] Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2．据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。(过去分词短语作状语) Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 3．然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验，才成功地发现了青蒿素。(强调句型) However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 4．如果没有丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 (without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件) Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu． 5．最受欢迎的实验是“瓶子里的行星”，学生们试图在玻璃瓶子里创建不同行星的状况。(非限制性定语从句) The most popular experiment was“Planets in a bottle”， in which students tried to create the conditions of different planets inside glass bottles． 梯级二　重难突破·靶向训练 intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算；目的；意图 intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth＝intended to have done sth本打算做某事(但没有做) be intended to do sth 旨在做某事 be intended for sb/sth 专供……使用，专为……而设计　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (牛津高阶词典)The writer clearly intends his readers to identify (identify) with the main character. ② (2025·全国一卷)I stepped forward, holding out the gifts, and said firmly, “I was wrong.I hadn't intended (intend) to hurt you.Please forgive me.” ③ The university is known for its language and culture courses, intended for international students. ④ (人教选必三U1)These works were intended to spread (spread) Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ⑤ 我本打算赶早班车，但我没有早起。 I had intended to catch the early bus, but I didn't get up early. ＝I intended to have caught the early bus, but I didn't get up early. surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境；周围的事物 surround ... with ... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding (surround) soup hot, clear and delicious. ② (北师选必一U1)It's a good idea for teens to surround themselves with positive role models—people who don't make fun of them, but accept them and are confident in themselves. ③ (译林选必一U2)The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings (surround). [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ The modern tall building in the distance is the newly built stadium of our school.The building is surrounded by a great many trees. →Surrounded by a great many trees, the modern tall building in the distance is the newly built stadium of our school.(非谓语动词作状语) involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj.参与的；卷入的→involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连 (1)involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth 使某人/自己参与(做)某事 involve (doing) sth 包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事 (2)get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于 be/get involved with 涉及；与……有关　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (外研选必二)Although this could likewise involve putting (put) aside money for your university education，it also means investing in yourself. ② As far as I am concerned, the involvement (involve) of the foreign ministers was itself a sign of progress. ③ (北师选必二U6)In fact, sometimes authors are very involved (involve) in the process and may even be the screenwriter. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加这次夏令营。 →Learning that you welcome students from different countries, I'd like to involve myself in the summer camp．(involve) →Learning that you welcome students from different countries, I'd like to be involved in the summer camp .(involved) permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证；通行证 (1)permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit(doing) sth 允许(做)某事 (2)weather/time permitting(＝if weather/time permits) 如果天气/时间允许的话 (3)ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb 请求某人许可 with/without(one's) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (人教选必一)For example，in many Middle Eastern countries，men and women are not socially permitted to make (make) eye contact. ② Much to my disappointment, the guards didn't permit bringing (bring) my camera.[读后续写之情感描写] ③ (北师必修三)Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner's permission (permit)，while others see this as a rich form of non­traditional cultural expression. ④ I was very happy and very excited to go there but I needed to ask permission from my parents. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ⑤ 时间允许的话，我希望有更多的空闲时间与朋友们在一起，以使我们有更好的关系。 →If time permits, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(条件状语从句) →Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(独立主格结构) refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 (1)refer sth to ... 把某物提交给…… refer to ... as ... 把……称作…… (2)in/with reference to关于　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① Generally, the paper­cuts are used to decorate doors and windows, and thus sometimes they are referred (refer) to as Chuanghua.[应用文写作之传统文化] ② The committee decided to refer the proposal to a subcommittee for further discussion. ③ In reference to your email last week, we are pleased to confirm the date of the meeting. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人，我写信寻求您的建议。[应用文写作之求助信] I am writing to ask for your advice in/with reference to what kind of traditional Chinese culture appeals to foreigners most． pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 pay for sth 付钱(买)；支付；因某事吃苦头或受惩罚 pay sb for sth 付钱给某人买某物 pay a visit to 参观；拜访　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”，back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. ② In my opinion, you can pay a visit to him at his convenience. ③ His patience and hard work finally paid off with a gold medal. [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ 无论你做什么，都不要放弃。努力工作总会有回报的。[读后续写之主旨升华] Whatever you do, never give up.Hard work will pay off in time． 句式：强调句型(It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他) [教材]　However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments.然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验，才成功地发现了青蒿素。 (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分，多用于强调句子主语、宾语和状语。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其它部分？ (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋句子其它部分？ (4)not ... until ... 结构的强调句型： It is/was not until ... that ... 　　 [练会]　单句语法填空 ① It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible. ② I'd like to introduce my mother to you，because it is she who/that has a great effect on me.[话题写作之人物介绍] ③ The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today? [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④ I didn't realise a small act of care can melt away people's loneliness until I experienced the event.[读后续写之主旨升华] →Not until I experienced the event did I realise a small act of care can melt away people's loneliness.(用倒装句改写) →It was not until I experienced the event that I realised a small act of care can melt away people's loneliness.(用强调句改写) 关键能力·破解构词 后缀­ic，一般为名词转换为形容词的后缀，表示“属于……的；具有……性质的” [本单元] atomic adj.原子的；原子能的 scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 [相关词] ① aesthetic adj.美学的；审美的 ② botanic adj.植物学的；植物的 ③ catalytic adj.催化的；起促进作用的 ④ dramatic adj.戏剧的；剧烈的 ⑤ economic adj.经济的；经济学的 ⑥ geologic adj.地质的；地质学的 ⑦ hygienic adj.卫生的；保健的 ⑧ ideologic adj.意识形态的 ⑨ linguistic adj.语言的；语言学的 ⑩ mechanical adj.机械的；力学的 通过构词法猜测黑体词在语境中的含义 1．(2025·全国一卷) ... they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.火山的 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.道歉的，愧疚的 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.主题的 4．(2022·北京卷)It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.气候的，与气候有关的 5．(2022·全国甲卷)The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from.几何图形的，几何的 关键能力·词义活用 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．charge A．n.掌管；负责　B．vt.收费　C．vt.控告　D．vt.充电　E．vi.猛冲 After ① charging my phone, I headed for the store, only to be ② charged an unexpected fee for a service I hadn't used.Annoyed，I ③ charged towards the manager who was in ④ charge of the store to confront him, ready to ⑤ charge him with false advertising. ① D 　② B 　③ E ④ A 　⑤ C 2．credit A．n.学分　B．n.赞扬　C．n.借款，贷款 D．vt.把……归于 To his ① credit, by doing a part­time job, he not only paid back his ② credit to the bank but also earned the required ③ credits in advance.He ④ credited all these to the support of his family and friends. ① B 　② C 　③ A ④ D 3．involve A．vt.涉及，包含　B．vt.需要　C．vt.使参与 I ① involve myself in the after­class activity which ② involves 300 participants and taking part in the activity ③ involves patience，determination and flexibility. ① C 　② A 　③ B 4．pay off A．(努力)得到回报　B．偿清　C．(付清工资后)解雇 John worked tirelessly to ① pay off his debts, and eventually his hard work ② paid off as he succeeded in his business, only to face the difficult decision of having to ③ pay off some staff members due to restructuring. ① B 　② A 　③ C Ⅱ.熟词生义 5．(原创：高考高频之人与动物话题)The protective elephant saw a jeep getting too close to her calf.She immediately raised her trunk, trumpeted loudly, and charged at the vehicle to drive it away. ◎The underlined phrase “charged at” in the text most probably means “ D ”． A．walked slowly towards B．looked angrily at C．communicated with D．rushed aggressively towards 6．(原创：高考高频之植物生长话题)Botanists have found that moderate sunlight and adequate rainfall favour the growth of these particular plants. ◎The underlined word “favour” in the text most probably means “ A ”． A．promote B．limit C．depend on D．slow down 7．(原创：高考高频之能源与环境话题)The local government is promoting solar panels, and thousands of households have installed them to reduce their electricity bills. ◎The underlined word “households” in the text most probably means “ C ”． A．factories B．companies C．families D．schools 8．(原创：高考高频之寓言故事话题)At the end of the fable about the tortoise and the hare, the narrator clearly stated the moral: “Slow and steady wins the race.” This classic moral still teaches children the value of persistence today. ◎The underlined word “moral” in the text most probably means “ B ”． A．ending of a story B．lesson about right behavior C．character's thought D．plot of a story 学科素养·主题阅读 (说明：文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇) (2026·河北省衡水市高三上学期三模)A longtime University of Iowa professor's life­changing cystic fibrosis (囊性纤维化) research was honoured with one of biomedicine's most famous awards—often referred to as the “American Nobel.” Dr.Michael J．Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker­DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis.A genetic disorder that causes thick mucus (黏液) to block organ functions, cystic fibrosis most often affects the lungs where infections lead to progressive destruction. When Welsh started his medical career nearly 50 years ago, cystic fibrosis was a serious disease, with patients rarely seeing their 30th birthday.Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers would be found.Using Welsh's results, the two other honoured scientists worked for decades to develop Trikafta, a drug that made it possible to control cystic fibrosis for about 90% of those diagnosed.Today, cystic fibrosis patients' life expectancy can be well into the 80s. Specifically, Welsh's research changed the fundamental understanding of a critical protein, known as CFTR, and how it is transformed by a gene mutation(突变)in cystic fibrosis patients, resulting in a breakdown of the body's usual protective systems.With that knowledge, Welsh's team proved that if cooled down, the mutated CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of a more permanent fix to the protein's damage. “Mike Welsh's work illustrates how fundamental science—driven by curiosity, cooperation, and purpose—can lead to transformative innovations and treatments，” Dr.Denise Jamieson, the university's vice president, says in a news release. While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honoured to receive this award，” he points to the cooperative science and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible.“For me, it is truly a celebration of our entire scientific enterprise，” Welsh said in the release.By sharing credit with all contributors, he showed his dedication to the scientific cause. 1．Why is “American Nobel” mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show why this award is highly respected. B．To stress the challenges of fibrosis treatment. C．To prove the research deserves the Nobel Prize. D．To explain why the research gained world fame. 2．What is the primary significance of Dr.Welsh's research? A．Discovering the genetic cause of cystic fibrosis. B．Developing the final drug combination for patients. C．Transforming a deadly disease into a manageable one. D．Serving as a new basis for cystic fibrosis. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The main difficulties in protein research. B．The process of developing a new fibrosis treatment. C．A full explanation of how gene changes affect health. D．A breakthrough discovery about fixing a faulty protein. 4．Which of the following can best describe Dr.Welsh? A．Determined and humble. B．Strict and responsible. C．Independent and creative. D．Courageous and confident. 命题角度——间接信息题： 人物特征(对接T4) 【设题特点】 ① 题干常以 “What can we learn about sb from the passage？”“What kind of person is sb？”等形式提问，要求推断人物的性格、品质、能力或立场等隐性特征，而非直接陈述的身份、行为等表层信息。 ② 原文不直接描述人物特征，而是通过人物的具体行为、语言对话、他人评价或场景反应，间接体现人物特质。 ③ 错误选项多为 “复述人物表层信息”“过度推断特质”或 “混淆人物特征”。 【破题思路】 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍艾奥瓦大学迈克尔·J·威尔士博士因囊性纤维化研究获“美国诺贝尔奖”，及其研究对该疾病治疗和患者寿命的重大影响，同时展现其科研精神。 1．A　细节理解题。第一段提到 “美国诺贝尔奖” 是生物医学领域最著名的奖项之一，将威尔士博士的研究成果与该奖项关联，是为了凸显该奖项的崇高地位，进而说明其研究成果值得这份高度认可，故选A。 2．C　细节理解题。由第二段可知，威尔士博士研究之前，囊性纤维化是致命疾病，很少有患者能活到 30 岁；而基于他的研究成果研发的药物，让 90% 的患者得以控制病情，如今患者预期寿命可达 80 多岁，其研究的核心意义是将致命疾病转变为可控制的疾病，故选C。 3．D　段落大意题。第三段聚焦威尔士博士的核心研究：明确 CFTR 蛋白的作用、基因突变对其的影响以及发现冷却可 “修正” 突变的 CFTR 蛋白这一关键突破，为后续治疗研究奠定基础，核心是关于修复缺陷蛋白的突破性发现，故选D。 4．A 1．语境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ① (一词多义)Dr.Michael J．Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker­DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis.vt.改善，改进 ② (合成词)With that knowledge, Welsh's team proved that if cooled down, the mutated CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of a more permanent fix to the protein's damage.n.解决方法 ③ (合成词)While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honoured to receive this award，” he points to the cooperative science and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible.adj.未披露姓名的，不知姓名的 ④ (一词多义)By sharing credit with all contributors, he showed his dedication to the scientific cause.n.事业 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ① be honoured with ... 　 被授予……(荣誉) ② be referred to as ... 被称为…… ③ result in 导致，造成 ④ in a sense 在某种意义上 1．Dr.Michael J．Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker­DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis. 抓标志：关系代词 that 判类型：主句＋that引导的定语从句(内含并列谓语) 试翻译：迈克尔·J·威尔士博士与另外两位科学家，凭借在治疗方法方面的研究获得了2025年拉斯克—德贝基临床医学研究奖，这些治疗方法延长并改善了囊性纤维化患者的生命。 2．A genetic disorder that causes thick mucus (黏液) to block organ functions, cystic fibrosis most often affects the lungs where infections lead to progressive destruction. 抓标志：关系代词 that，关系副词 where 判类型：主句主语＋that引导定语从句修饰主语＋主句谓语、宾语＋where引导的定语从句 试翻译：囊性纤维化是一种引起黏稠黏液阻塞器官功能的遗传性疾病，它最常影响肺部，在肺部，感染会导致进行性破坏。 3．When Welsh started his medical career nearly 50 years ago, cystic fibrosis was a serious disease, with patients rarely seeing their 30th birthday. 抓标志：从属连词 when 判类型：when引导时间状语从句＋主句＋with复合结构 试翻译：大约50年前，当威尔士开始他的医学生涯时，囊性纤维化还是一种严重的疾病，患者很少能活到30岁。 4．Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers would be found. 抓标志：现在分词 Facing、believing，从属连词 that 判类型：现在分词短语Facing ... 作状语＋主句＋现在分词短语believing ... 作状语(含有that引导的宾语从句) 试翻译：尽管遭遇了无数次失败，他从未放弃，坚信终将找到答案。 5．Using Welsh's results, the two other honoured scientists worked for decades to develop Trikafta, a drug that made it possible to control cystic fibrosis for about 90% of those diagnosed. 抓标志：现在分词 Using，关系代词 that 判类型：现在分词短语Using ... 作状语＋主句＋同位语(含有that引导的定语从句) 试翻译：另外两位获奖科学家利用威尔士的研究成果，耗时数十年研发出了药物 Trikafta，该药物使约 90% 的确诊患者能够控制囊性纤维化病情。 6．With that knowledge, Welsh's team proved that if cooled down, the mutated CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of a more permanent fix to the protein's damage. 抓标志：从属连词 that、if，关系代词 that 判类型：主句＋that引导的宾语从句(含有if引导的条件状语)＋同位语(含有that引导的定语从句) 试翻译：基于这一认识，威尔士的团队证明，如果被冷却，变异的CFTR蛋白在某种意义上可以被“修正”，这是一个关键的发现，它使得科学家们能够探索对蛋白质损伤进行更永久性修复的可能性。 7．While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honoured to receive this award，” he points to the cooperative science and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible. 抓标志：从属连词 While、that，关系代词 who 判类型：While 引导的让步状语从句(含有that引导的宾语从句)＋主句＋who引导的定语从句 试翻译：尽管威尔士表示 “能获得这个奖项感到无比荣幸”，但他强调，这项开创性研究的实现离不开合作型科学以及众多无名研究者的努力。 学科素养·主题写作 (一)应用文写作[科学家精神＋演讲稿] (河南省名校学术联盟高三下学期模拟)假定你是李华，你校计划举办一场主题为“科学家精神”的演讲大赛，以展示对科学家们的敬意。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：1.简要介绍科学家精神；2.你的感悟。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 应用单元知识完成写作(黑体词为单元词汇) [写作构思链]　引出演讲话题→阐释科学家精神的内涵→结合事例谈对科学进步与坚持的感悟→呼吁大家学习科学家精神 Dear teachers and fellow students， In my opinion, the spirit of scientists ① refers to the pursuit of truth with wisdom and responsibility (指的是用智慧和责任追求真理).It ② involves conducting experiments (涉及进行实验), learning through trial and error, and ③ persevering despite limited resources (尽管资源有限却仍坚持不懈). This spirit is not just an abstract idea; it has profoundly shaped our world and continues to inspire me personally.It tells me that ④ scientific progress isn't about luck but persistence (科学进步无关运气，而关乎坚持).For instance, Tu Youyou eventually extracted artemisinin from herbs ⑤ to cure a deadly disease (以治愈一种致命疾病), thus saving millions of lives all over the world.Her breakthrough, which ⑥ sped up the fight against malaria (加速了对抗疟疾的斗争), paid off after years of dedicated work. Let's honour scientists by learning their spirit and ⑦ applying that wisdom to our daily study (将这种智慧应用到我们的日常学习中). (二)读后续写[在实验室进行实验＋担心和忧虑情感描写] Ⅰ.语料积累(担心和忧虑情感描写) 词汇 ① anxious adj.焦虑的 ② worried adj.担心的 ③ restless adj.坐立不安的 ④ have butterflies in one's stomach 心里七上八下 ⑤ feel uneasy about 对……感到不安 ⑥ be filled with anxiety 充满焦虑 ⑦ be weighed down with worry 被忧虑压得喘不过气 ⑧ have a sinking feeling 有不祥的预感 句式 1.one's words echoed in one's ears 某人的话回荡在耳边 “You can do it，” my friend's voice echoed in my ears, giving me the courage to continue.“你能行的，”朋友的声音在我耳边回响，给了我继续下去的勇气。 2．地点状语置于句首的倒装句 On the shelf stands a cute doll that her mother gave her on her birthday.书架上放着一个她妈妈在她生日时送的可爱玩偶。 3．by the time引导的时间状语从句 By the time the rain stopped, we had already stayed in the library for two hours.雨停的时候，我们已经在图书馆待了两个小时了。 Ⅱ.语料运用(在实验室进行实验) [前情提示]　这是一个至关重要的化学实验，关系到整个学期的成绩。我独自一人在实验室里，小心翼翼地操作着，但实验结果却出现了意想不到的偏差…… [情节构思链]　实验出现意外结果→想起教授的警告，焦虑加剧→试图补救但情况更糟→看到失败的实验品，感到绝望→决定重新开始 The solution in the beaker turned an alarming shade of purple instead of the expected blue.① I was filled with anxiety, and my hands started to shake.② My professor's warning echoed in my ears: “One wrong move and the entire sample is ruined.” On the lab bench ③ lay the ruined sample (倒装句), a testament to my mistake.I tried to add another chemical to save it, but my hands were trembling so badly.④ By the time I managed to pour it in (by the time引导的时间状语从句), the reaction was already out of control.In the quiet lab ⑤ was only the sound of my fast heartbeat (倒装句), which made me even more restless.Though I ⑥ was weighed down with worry, I knew I couldn't just give up.I had to start over, no matter how long it took. 烧杯里的溶液变成了令人担忧的紫色，而不是预期的蓝色。我充满了焦虑，手开始发抖。教授的警告在我耳边回响：“一步走错，整个样本就都毁了。”实验台上躺着被毁掉的样本，这是我错误的证明。我试着加入另一种化学品来挽救它，但我的手抖得太厉害了。等到我设法把它倒进去的时候，反应已经失控了。在安静的实验室里，只有我快速的心跳声，这让我更加坐立不安。虽然我被忧虑压得喘不过气，但我知道我不能就这么放弃。我必须重新开始，无论花多长时间。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $