暑假作业03 语言知识巩固 (选择性必修第三册 Units 1-2)（巩固培优） 高二英语译林版

**基本信息** 以选择性必修三Units 1-2词汇为核心，通过“基础巩固-语境应用-语篇综合”三级训练体系，系统提升语言知识运用能力与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力填空|2篇短文|Unit 1-2词汇语境补全|从孤立词汇到语篇连贯，强化词汇记忆与情境匹配| |词形转换|15组单词|名词/形容词/副词等词性派生|构词法规则迁移，建立词汇家族网络| |语法填空|15单句+1语篇|词汇在语法结构中应用|从单句语法到语篇语法，提升语言准确性| |阅读与写作|2阅读+1七选五+1续写|信息获取、逻辑补全与语篇创作|综合语言能力输出，培养思维品质与文化意识|

( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业03 语言知识巩固 选择性必修三 (Units 1-2)（解析版） 一、听录音，用Unit 1词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Valley in the Arctic I took a departure from my urban home to an Arctic territory. The valley was blooming with botanical life, a splendid contrast to the mighty glacier that had carved the land. The indigenous minority lived in harmony with nature. Their accommodation was a hut made of mud and brick; a small church with a statue of an ancestor stood on the surrounding land. I sampled their cuisine: barbecue lamb and sausage with grain bread. After the meal, I fetched a blanket and sat on a dune. A fox approached and stared intently. I did not bother it. I chewed a bunch of dried goat meat that I had brought from the south — it was not a local delicacy, but it filled me. The ray of the midnight sun felt like liquid gold. This awesome experience unfolded slowly. My possession of such memories became my true welfare. I made a resolution to sustain this manner of simple living. The polar region taught me that real wealth is not furniture or antique vases, but the code of respect for nature. I contrasted this with my previous life and felt free. 北极山谷 我从城里出发，去了一趟北极。山谷里长满了花草，生机勃勃，和那座巨大的冰川形成漂亮的对比——正是冰川雕刻出了这片大地。当地的少数民族与自然和睦相处，住的是泥砖搭成的小屋。房子旁边的空地上有座小教堂，里面立着一尊祖先的雕像。 我尝了尝他们的吃食：烤羊肉、香肠，配上粗粮面包。吃完以后，我拽了条毯子，坐到一座沙丘上。一只狐狸凑过来，直直地盯着我。我没去惊动它。自己嚼着从南方带来的山羊肉干——不是当地的风味，但也能垫垫肚子。午夜的阳光洒下来，像流动的金子。这段奇妙的经历慢慢铺展开来。拥有这样的记忆，才是我真正的福气。 我下定了决心，要这样简简单单地活下去。北极让我明白，真正的财富不是家具，也不是古董、花瓶，而是对自然的那份敬重。回过头想想以前的生活，我感到从未有过的自在。 二、听录音，用Unit 2词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Mission in Orbit My mission as an astronaut faced a crucial circumstance. In the absence of gravity, I would float inside the cupboard-sized shelter. The ceiling and floor comprised dust and tubes. Furthermore, constant radiation exposure was vital to calculate. In view of this, the agency gave us a nuclear rocket and a telescope to scan the universe. My crew – a mechanic, an assistant, and an astronomer – worked without leisure. Altogether, our administration demanded discipline. We occupied every second with maintenance of the kit. A mosquito-sized creature appeared under the microscope – incredibly alive! That tale of its origin merely increased our motive for investment in coverage. I took a pill for bother. Hydrogen frequency dropped. Orbit shuttle ready. No luxury, only purse-empty dedication. The gravity of our circumstance taught me one thing: shelter is not a place, but a constant resolution to survive. Furthermore, we calculated every ray of hope. This was our possession – not antique or vase, but harmony with nuclear power. I contrasted this with urban life and felt awesome. 在轨任务 作为宇航员，我的任务遇到了关键时刻。没有重力，我只能飘在那个柜子大小的舱里。天花板和地板满是灰尘和管道。而且，长期受到的辐射也必须算清楚。考虑到这些，上面给了我们一枚核动力火箭和一台望远镜，用来扫描宇宙。 我的队友——一个机械师、一个助理和一个天文学家——一刻也不得闲。总的来说，指挥部门要求我们严守纪律。我们把每秒钟都用在检修设备上。显微镜下出现了一只蚊子大小的小东西——居然活着！它从哪儿来的故事，反倒让我们更想投入资源做好防护。 我吃了片药缓解不适。氢频率下降了。轨道飞行器就绪。没有奢侈，只有掏空腰包的奉献。我们处境的严酷教会我一件事：庇护所不是某个地方，而是活下去的那份执念。而且，我们计算着每一丝希望。这才是我们拥有的财富——不是古董花瓶，而是与核动力的和谐共处。拿这跟城市生活一比，我觉得酷毙了。 三、重点单词 1. starve (v.) (使)饿死，（使）挨饿 → starvation (n.) 饥饿 → starving (adj.) 饥饿的 2. calculate (vt.) 计算，核算；预测 → calculation (n.) 计算 → calculator (n.) 计算器 3. distinct (adj.) 截然不同的，不同种类的；清楚的 → distinctly (adv.) 清楚地 → distinction (n.) 区别；优秀 4. dynamic (adj.) (事物)有活力的；动态的；充满活力的 → dynamically (adv.) 动态地 → dynamics (n.) 动力学；动态 5. elegant (adj.) 漂亮雅致的，精美的；优美的 → elegantly (adv.) 优雅地 → elegance (n.) 优雅 6. ethnically (adv.) 种族地 → ethnic (adj.) 种族的 → ethnicity (n.) 种族地位，种族特点 7. depth (n.) 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚 → deep (adj.) 深的；深刻的 → deepen (v.) 加深，深化 8. consumption (n.) 消耗，消耗量；消费 → consume (v.) 消耗，消费 → consumer (n.) 消费者 9. occupy (vt.) 占用；居住；占领；使忙于 → occupation (n.) 职业；占领 → occupational (adj.) 职业的 10. evaluate (vt.) 评估，评价 → evaluation (n.) 评估 → evaluator (n.) 评估者 11. visible (adj.) 看得见的；明显的 → visibility (n.) 可见度 → visibly (adv.) 明显地 12. permanent (adj.) 永久的，永恒的 → permanently (adv.) 永久地 → permanence (n.) 永久性 13. universe (n.) 宇宙，天地万物 → universal (adj.) 普遍的；宇宙的 → universally (adv.) 普遍地 14. origin (n.) 起源，起因；出身 → original (adj.) 原始的；独创的 → originally (adv.) 最初；独创地 15. frequency (n.) 发生率；频繁；频率 → frequent (adj.) 频繁的 → frequently (adv.) 频繁地 四、重点短语 1. apart from 除了……外（都还） 2. off the beaten track 不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市 3. come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪 4. come down to 可归结为，可归纳为 5. dress code 着装规定 6. make one’s way to 去，前往 7. beat down (阳光)强烈照射，曝晒 8. cast new light on 使进一步了解… 9. in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 10. in view of 鉴于，考虑到 11. plain to see 显而易见的 12. lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 一、单句语法填空 1. The severe drought led to widespread __________, and the __________ children were too weak to walk. (starve) 【答案】 starvation；starving 【解析】 第一空前有形容词 widespread，需填名词，starvation 意为“饥饿”。第二空修饰名词 children，需填形容词，starving 意为“饥饿的”。全句：严重干旱导致大面积饥荒，饥饿的孩子们虚弱得无法行走。 2. The engineer made an accurate __________ of the load, then used a __________ to double‑check the numbers. (calculate) 【答案】 calculation；calculator 【解析】 第一空前有不定冠词 an 和形容词 accurate，需填名词，calculation 意为“计算”。第二空前有不定冠词 a，需填名词，calculator 意为“计算器”。全句：工程师对负载进行了精确计算，然后用计算器复核了数字。 3. The two paintings are __________ different; the __________ in their brushwork is immediately noticeable. (distinct) 【答案】 distinctly；distinction 【解析】 第一空修饰形容词 different，需填副词，distinctly 意为“清楚地”。第二空作主语，需填名词，distinction 意为“区别”。全句：这两幅画截然不同；它们笔触上的区别一目了然。 4. The stock market changes __________, and understanding these __________ is essential for investors. (dynamic) 【答案】 dynamically；dynamics 【解析】 第一空修饰动词 changes，需填副词，dynamically 意为“动态地”。第二空作宾语，指“动态变化规律”，需填名词，dynamics 意为“动态；动力学”。全句：股市变化莫测，理解这些动态对投资者至关重要。 5. She dressed __________ for the gala, and her __________ impressed everyone present. (elegant) 【答案】 elegantly；elegance 【解析】 第一空修饰动词 dressed，需填副词，elegantly 意为“优雅地”。第二空作主语，需填名词，elegance 意为“优雅”。全句：她为晚会穿着优雅，她的优雅令在场所有人印象深刻。 6. The neighborhood is __________ diverse; this rich __________ is celebrated through many cultural festivals. (ethnic) 【答案】 ethnically；ethnicity 【解析】 第一空修饰形容词 diverse，需填副词，ethnically 意为“种族地”。第二空作主语，需填名词，ethnicity 意为“种族特点；种族地位”。全句：这个社区种族多样；这种丰富的种族特色通过许多文化节日得到庆祝。 7. The river is surprisingly __________ in some areas, and heavy rains will further __________ the channel. (depth) 【答案】 deep；deepen 【解析】 第一空作表语，需填形容词，deep 意为“深的”。第二空位于 will 之后，需填动词原形，deepen 意为“加深”。全句：这条河在某些区域出奇地深，大雨将进一步加深河道。 8. To reduce energy __________, we should __________ less electricity during peak hours. (consumption) 【答案】 consumption；consume 【解析】 第一空作宾语，需填名词，consumption 意为“消耗”。第二空位于 should 之后，需填动词原形，consume 意为“消耗”。全句：为了减少能源消耗，我们应在高峰时段少用电。 9. His main __________ is teaching, and the __________ hazards (危害) include stress and voice strain. (occupy) 【答案】 occupation；occupational 【解析】 第一空作主语，需填名词，occupation 意为“职业”。第二空修饰名词 hazards，需填形容词，occupational 意为“职业的”。全句：他的主要职业是教学，职业危害包括压力和声带劳损。 10. The teacher’s __________ of the project was fair; as an __________, she provided detailed feedback to each student. (evaluate) 【答案】 evaluation；evaluator 【解析】 第一空作主语，需填名词，evaluation 意为“评估”。第二空前有不定冠词 an，需填表示人的名词，evaluator 意为“评估者”。全句：老师对这个项目的评估是公正的；作为评估者，她向每位学生提供了详细的反馈。 11. The mountain peak was barely __________ due to thick fog; low __________ forced drivers to use headlights at noon. (visible) 【答案】 visible；visibility 【解析】 第一空作表语，需填形容词，visible 意为“看得见的”。第二空作主语，需填名词，visibility 意为“可见度”。全句：由于浓雾，山峰几乎看不见；低能见度迫使司机在正午就打开车灯。 12. The damage to the ancient forest may not be __________; we must fight for the __________ of this unique ecosystem. (permanent) 【答案】 permanent；permanence 【解析】 第一空作表语，需填形容词，permanent 意为“永久的”。第二空作宾语，需填名词，permanence 意为“永久性”。全句：对古老森林的破坏可能不是永久性的；我们必须为这一独特生态系统的永久性而斗争。 13. The laws of physics are __________; they apply __________ across the entire cosmos (宇宙). (universe) 【答案】 universal；universally 【解析】 第一空作表语，需填形容词，universal 意为“普遍的”。第二空修饰动词 apply，需填副词，universally 意为“普遍地”。全句：物理定律是普遍的；它们普遍适用于整个宇宙。 14. The __________ design was much simpler; the team __________ planned to launch a smaller version. (origin) 【答案】 original；originally 【解析】 第一空修饰名词 design，需填形容词，original 意为“最初的”。第二空修饰动词 planned，需填副词，originally 意为“最初”。全句：最初的设计要简单得多；团队原本计划发布一个更小的版本。 15. Power outages occur with increasing __________; thunderstorms __________ disrupt the rural grid. (frequency) 【答案】 frequency；frequently 【解析】 第一空作宾语，需填名词，frequency 意为“频率”。第二空修饰动词 disrupt，需填副词，frequently 意为“频繁地”。全句：停电发生得越来越频繁；雷暴经常扰乱农村电网。 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 come about, bring sth to light, sum up, get across, spring up, be committed to, mount up, for instance, call on sb to do sth, walk on air, keep sth in perspective, find one’s way into 1. The coach ________________ the team captain to give an encouraging speech before the final match. 【答案】 called on 【解析】 call on sb to do sth 意为“号召/请求某人做某事”。教练在决赛前请队长鼓舞士气，符合该短语的用法。句子描述过去事件，用一般过去时。 2. How did such a serious misunderstanding ________________ between the two players? 【答案】 come about 【解析】 come about 意为“（尤指意外地）发生”。误会不是刻意安排的，而是偶然出现，用 come about 很贴切。疑问句中 did...come about 是常见结构。 3. The journalist spent two years investigating the scandal and finally ___________ the hidden truth __________. 【答案】 brought；to light 【解析】 bring sth to light 意为“揭露，披露（秘密或丑闻）”。记者调查后揭露真相，语义完美匹配。and 连接并列谓语 spent 和 brought，用过去时。 4. After winning the championship, the young athlete felt as if she was ________________. 【答案】 walking on air 【解析】 walk on air 意为“欢天喜地，得意洋洋”。赢得冠军后极度喜悦，用 as if 引导表语从句，was walking on air 描述当时持续的状态。 5. The speaker used simple language and vivid examples to ________________ his message ________________. 【答案】 get；across 【解析】 get across 意为“把……讲清楚；使理解”。简单语言和生动例子都是为了传达信息，不定式 to get his message across 作目的状语，符合语法。 6. In recent years, many new fitness clubs have ________________ in this city. 【答案】 sprung up 【解析】 spring up 意为“迅速出现，突然兴起”。健身俱乐部如雨后春笋般涌现，用现在完成时 have sprung up 强调过去动作对现在的影响。 7. Losses and injuries can ________________ quickly in a long season, testing a team’s depth. 【答案】 mount up 【解析】 mount up 意为“（数量）增加，累积”。一个赛季中损失和伤病会不断累积，用 can mount up 表示客观可能性。原形正确，无需变化。 8. ________________, teamwork and individual effort are equally important in sports. 【答案】 To sum up 【解析】 sum up 意为“总结，概括”。句末点明两者同等重要，属于总结性陈述，用不定式短语 To sum up 作插入语，符合逻辑。 9. The organization ________________ providing equal training opportunities for amateur and professional athletes. 【答案】 is committed to 【解析】 be committed to 意为“致力于，承诺做某事”。组织致力于提供平等机会，用一般现在时 is committed to，to 为介词，后接动名词 providing。 10. Some unexpected opportunities, ________________ a chance meeting with a famous coach, can change an athlete’s career. 【答案】 for instance 【解析】 for instance 意为“例如”。列举“偶遇著名教练”作为意外机会的例子，作插入语，前后用逗号隔开。 11. Although he lost the final, the young tennis player learned to ______________ the defeat _____________ and focus on improvement. 【答案】 keep；in perspective 【解析】 keep sth in perspective 意为“客观/全面地看待”。虽然输了决赛，但学会正确看待失败并专注于进步，符合语境。learned to keep 后接宾语 the defeat，再跟介词短语 in perspective。 12. The small sportswear brand ________________ the international market by accident when a famous athlete wore its shoes. 【答案】 found its way into 【解析】 find one’s way into 意为“（偶然或不知不觉地）进入，进入某领域”。小众品牌因知名运动员穿其鞋而偶然进入国际市场，用一般过去时 found its way into，符合 by accident 的偶然性。 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water. (p 2) 中文翻译：在太平洋海岸的东面，耸立着雄伟的落基山脉，这里有高高的山峰和被冰与流水侵蚀而成的深谷。 英文仿写：森林的中央有一个清澈的湖泊，那里是宁静的湖水和被风吹来的柔软沙子的家园。 In the middle of the forest lies a clear lake, which is home to quiet waters and soft sands carried by the wind. 结构解析 介词短语（地点状语）： In the middle of the forest （表示地点，置于句首引起倒装） 谓语（不及物动词）： lies （倒装结构中位于主语之前） 主语： a clear lake（位于谓语之后，构成完全倒装） 非限制性定语从句： which is home to quiet waters and soft sands carried by the wind 关系代词： which（指代 a clear lake） 系表结构： is home to 名词短语： quiet waters and soft sands 过去分词短语（作后置定语）： carried by the wind（修饰 soft sands） 2. Finally, if you are looking for something off the beaten track, you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers. 中文翻译：最后，如果你想要寻找一些人迹罕至的地方，你可以访问新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛，在那里你可以伴着提琴曲跳舞，享受凯尔特定居者的文化和传统。 英文仿写：那么，如果你正在寻找一些人迹罕至的地方，你可以参观山西省的平遥古城，在那里你可以沿着古老的城墙散步，并欣赏明清时期的传统民居。 Then, if you are looking for something off the beaten track, you may visit Pingyao Ancient Town in Shanxi Province, where you can walk along old city walls and admire the traditional houses of Ming and Qing dynasties. 结构解析 句首副词： Then （表示顺序或承接） 条件状语从句： if you are looking for something off the beaten track （if 引导，主语 you，谓语 are looking for，宾语 something，形容词短语 off the beaten track 作后置定语） 主句主语： you 主句谓语： may visit 主句宾语（地点名词）： Pingyao Ancient Town 介词短语（更大范围）： in Shanxi Province（修饰地点，表示所属省份） 非限制性定语从句（由 where 引导）： 关系副词：where（指代 Pingyao Ancient Town） 主语：you 谓语：can walk 和 can admire（共用 can，并列结构） 第一个动词短语：walk along old city walls 连词：and 第二个动词短语：admire the traditional houses of Ming and Qing dynasties 3. From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers, Canada’s geographical wonders, ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit. 中文翻译：从高耸的山峰到森林深处再到城市中心，加拿大的地理奇观、民族群体及其文化使其成为一个独一无二的生活和旅游胜地。 英文仿写：从古老的城镇街道到宁静的乡村田野再到现代的城市公园，意大利的艺术瑰宝、美味食物及其友好的人们使它成为一个值得停留和享受的可爱地方。 From the old town streets to the peaceful village fields to the modern city parks, Italy's artistic treasures, delicious foods and its friendly people make it a lovely place to stay and enjoy. 结构解析 句子类型： 简单句（介词短语作状语置于句首，主语后接谓语、宾语和宾语补足语） 介词短语（状语，三个范围并列）： From the old town streets to the peaceful village fields to the modern city parks（表示“从……到……再到……”，置于句首作地点范围状语） 主语（三个并列名词短语）： Italy’s artistic treasures, delicious foods and its friendly people （第一个：Italy's artistic treasures；第二个：delicious foods；第三个：its friendly people，用 and 连接） 谓语：make（及物动词，主语为复数，用原形） 宾语：it（指代 Italy） 宾语补足语（名词短语）：a lovely place to stay and enjoy（核心名词 place，后接不定式短语 to stay and enjoy 作定语，修饰 place） 4. The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes, the sun was beating down hard and bright, and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before. 中文翻译：风从沙丘顶部吹起沙粒，太阳猛烈而耀眼地照射着，天空呈现出我从未见过的深蓝色。 英文仿写： 河水载着鱼儿顺山谷而下，花朵长得高大而鲜艳，空气中弥漫着清新的青草气息，让我想起了家乡。 The river was carrying fish down the length of the valley, the flowers were growing tall and bright, and the air was a fresh smell of grass that reminded me of my hometown. 结构解析 句子类型： 三个并列分句结构相同，均以 the + 名词 开头，用逗号和 and 连接。 第一个分句： 主语1：The river 谓语：was carrying 宾语：fish 地点状语：down the length of the valley 第二个分句： 主语2：the flowers 谓语：were growing 主语补足语（表语）：tall and bright 第三个分句： 主语3：the air 谓语：was 表语：a fresh smell of grass 定语从句（修饰 grass）：that reminded me of my hometown 关系代词：that 谓语：reminded 间接宾语：me 直接宾语：of my hometown 5. We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border of Kenya when my father, against my mother’s advice, decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road. 中文翻译：当时我们离肯尼亚边境的安博塞利国家公园里的营地休息站已经非常近了，父亲不顾母亲的劝告，决定开车穿过横亘在土路上的一个大水坑。 英文仿写： 他们当时非常靠近位于北京北部的长城森林公园里的野餐地点，这时导游不顾游客们的请求，决定穿过一座架在深谷之上的狭窄木桥。 They were very near to their picnic spot in the Great Wall Forest Park located to the north of Beijing when the guide, against the tourists’ request, decided to cross a narrow wooden bridge that hung above a deep valley. 结构解析 主语1： They 谓语： were very near to 地点名词： their picnic spot 介词短语： in the Great Wall Forest Park 过去分词短语： located to the north of Beijing 时间连词： when 主语2： the guide 插入语： against the tourists’ request 谓语： decided to 动词短语： cross a narrow wooden bridge that 定语从句（修饰 bridge）： that hung above a deep valley 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you’d like. Activity holidays Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports. We have a huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays. We’ll take you SCUBA diving in the Red Sea or kayaking and white water rafting in Canada. If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building. For those who like warmer weather, we also have sandboarding (the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris. Polar expeditions Take a cruise to Antarctica or the northern Arctic; explore a land of white natural beauty and wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the penguins in Antarctica or whales and polar bears in the Arctic. There's no greater adventure than travelling to the ends of the earth. A once-in-a-lifetime experience! Cultural journeys Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilisations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins – just remember to bring your camera! Get to know local ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic foods and meeting local people. Wildlife holidays We organise small-group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South America. Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles of the Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of accommodation, from tents to tree houses. 1. Which holiday lets you see penguins? A. Activity holidays. B. Polar expeditions. C. Cultural journeys. D. Wildlife holidays. 2. What is true about the wildlife holidays? A. They use local guides. B. They are very cheap. C. They require much experience. D. They avoid wild animals. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different prices. B. To teach travel safety tips. C. To introduce adventure holidays. D. To recommend skiing places. 【答案及详细解析】 1. 【答案】B。细节理解题 【解析】直接定位。第二则广告“Polar expeditions”中明确提到“watch the penguins in Antarctica”。A项活动假期涉及潜水、滑雪等；C项文化之旅参观古迹；D项野生动物假期看狮子、老虎等，均无企鹅。故选B。 2.【答案】A。判断推理题 【解析】根据最后一段“Wildlife holidays”中的“We use local guides”可直接推断出野生动物假期使用当地导游。B项“非常便宜”文中未提及；C项“需要大量经验”文中无依据（且未暗示任何技能或经验要求）；D项“避开野生动物”与原文“watch lions and giraffes”等矛盾。故选A。 3.【答案】C。主旨大意题 【解析】全文介绍了四种不同类型的冒险假期（活动假期、极地探险、文化之旅、野生动物假期），目的是向读者介绍这些选择。A项价格比较、B项安全提示、D项推荐滑雪地点均未涉及。故选C。 Text 2 For centuries, people in the northern parts of the world have watched the sky dance with spectacular curtains of green, pink, and purple light. This breathtaking natural event is known as the Aurora Borealis, or the Northern Lights. For a long time, its cause was a complete mystery, leading to many myths and legends. Today, however, science can give us a clear explanation for this beautiful phenomenon. It all begins with the sun. The sun is constantly sending out a stream of electrically charged particles into space. This stream is known as the solar wind. After travelling millions of kilometres, some of these particles reach our planet. Fortunately, the Earth has a powerful magnetic field which protects us from most of this solar radiation. This magnetic field is weakest at the North and South Poles, and it acts like a funnel (漏斗), pulling the solar particles down into our atmosphere in these polar regions. The “magic” happens when these high-energy solar particles collide with atoms and molecules (分子) of gas high up in our atmosphere, typically between 100 and 400 kilometres above the Earth's surface. This collision transfers energy to the gas atoms, making them “excited”. But they cannot stay in this excited state for long. To return to their normal state, they must release this extra energy in the form of tiny flashes of light. When billions of these collisions happen at once, they produce the incredible light show we see from the ground. The different colours of the aurora are determined by which type of gas is being hit, and at what altitude (海拔). The most common colour, a bright green, is produced when solar particles collide with oxygen atoms at about 100 to 300 kilometres high. Red lights, which are rarer, are also caused by oxygen, but at much higher altitudes above 300 kilometres. Pink and dark red colours can be created by nitrogen molecules. The best places to see the Northern Lights are in the “auroral zone”, which includes countries like Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and parts of Canada and Alaska. They are most visible on clear, dark nights between September and March, when the nights are longest. While scientists can forecast the probability of seeing the aurora, they are a natural phenomenon and can never be completely predictable. This unpredictability is part of what makes seeing them such a special and unforgettable experience. It’s a powerful reminder of the dynamic connection between our planet and the sun. 1. What is the primary cause of the Northern Lights? A. Electrical activity in the Earth's upper atmosphere. B. Energy from the sun hitting gas molecules above Earth. C. Moonlight passing through ice crystals in the air. D. Storms happening high up in the Earth's atmosphere. 2. What produces the most common green colour of the aurora? A. Collisions with oxygen atoms at very high altitudes. B. Collisions with rare gases in the atmosphere. C. Collisions with oxygen atoms at lower altitudes. D. Collisions with nitrogen molecules at high altitudes. 3. Which of these statements about seeing the Northern Lights is true? A. They are most visible during a full moon because of the extra light. B. The best time to see them is on a clear night during the summer months. C. Scientists can make predictions, but they’re not always accurate. D. They can be seen equally well from anywhere in the world. 4. What does the phenomenon of the Northern Lights demonstrate? A. The interaction between solar activity and the Earth's magnetic field. B. The protective role of the atmosphere against solar radiation. C. The weakness of the Earth’s atmosphere compared to the sun. D. The importance of polar regions for scientific study. 【答案及详细解析】 1.【答案】B。细节理解题 【解析】根据文章第三段第一句 The “magic” happens when these high-energy solar particles collide with atoms and molecules of gas high up in our atmosphere”，可知极光的主要成因是太阳高能粒子与地球大气中的气体分子碰撞。选项A“地球高层大气的电活动”与原文不符；选项C“月光穿过空气中的冰晶”是晕或幻日现象；选项D“地球大气中的风暴”与极光无关。故选B。 2.【答案】C。细节理解题 【解析】根据文章第四段第二句“The most common colour, a bright green, is produced when solar particles collide with oxygen atoms at about 100 to 300 kilometres high”，可知最常见的绿色由较低高度（100-300公里）的氧原子碰撞产生。选项A“极高海拔的氧原子”产生红色；选项B“大气中的稀有气体”并非绿色主因；选项D“高海拔氮分子”产生粉色/深红色。故选C。 3.【答案】C。细节理解题 【解析】根据文章第五段第三句“While scientists can forecast the probability of seeing the aurora, they are a natural phenomenon and can never be completely predictable”，可知科学家可以预测但并非完全准确。选项A“满月时最可见”错误（需要黑暗）；选项B“夏季晴朗夜晚”错误（最佳时间是9月至次年3月，夜晚最长）；选项D“全球任何地方均可同样看到”错误（需在极光带内）。故选C。 4.【答案】A。主旨大意题 【解析】全文描述了太阳风粒子与地球磁场、大气层的相互作用产生极光，最后一段总结“It's a powerful reminder of the dynamic connection between our planet and the sun”，因此极光现象展示了太阳活动与地球磁场的相互作用。选项B“大气对太阳辐射的保护作用”是极光发生的前提，但不是现象本身所直接演示的核心；选项C“大气弱于太阳”片面；选项D“极地对科学研究的重要性”属于引申。故选A。 二、阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Text 1 I was walking my dog near my home in San Francisco last spring when I saw a large black Labrador on its own. It was wearing a blue collar, but there was no sign of an owner anywhere. 1 I was only joking, but it came running to me and stood by my side, ready to leave. I knew that this was someone’s lost pet. I fed and bathed the dog and checked its collar. There was a tag on it with a phone number. It turned out that the dog’s name was Banjo, and sure enough, he had an owner and a home. The trouble was that his home was in Chicago – over 2,000 miles away! 2 Banjo had been missing for over a year, and they had no idea how he had got all the way across the country. They also had no idea how to get him back again because they had a newborn baby at home and couldn’t make the long journey to San Francisco. I used social media to ask for help. It wasn’t long before we had a long list of volunteers who wanted to help Banjo to get home. 3 . It was important that they knew how to take care of Banjo. Banjo set off on his journey, and met new people in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri before he reached his home state of Illinois. 4 Banjo was delighted to meet the new baby and to be back home. His owners were thrilled to have him back. 5 Banjo’s story just goes to show what people can achieve when they all work together! A. I hope he won’t go wandering again. B. I decided to travel to Chicago with Banjo. C. It was clearly hungry, and needed to rest. D. I made sure that all of them were pet owners. E. I asked the dog if it wanted to come home with me F. His owners, Tina and Dan, were amazed to hear from me. G. It took 20 drivers four days to reunite Banjo with his family. 【答案】1-5 EFDGA 【详细解析】 1. 【答案】E 解析：第一段中，作者看到一只无人看管的拉布拉多犬，随后说“I was only joking”（我只是在开玩笑），而狗却跑到了他身边。选项E“I asked the dog if it wanted to come home with me”（我问狗是否想跟我回家）正好是一个玩笑式的询问，符合语境，且自然引出狗的反应。 2. 答案】F 解析：第二段提到狗的主人住在芝加哥，距离旧金山两千多英里。作者通过项圈上的电话联系到主人后，主人必然感到惊讶。选项F“His owners, Tina and Dan, were amazed to hear from me”（主人蒂娜和丹接到我的电话很惊讶）承接上文，说明主人的反应，同时也解释了后文他们无法接回狗的原因。 3. 【答案】D 解析：第三段作者通过社交媒体征集志愿者帮助Banjo回家，随后提到“重要的是他们知道如何照顾Banjo”。选项D“I made sure that all of them were pet owners”（我确保所有人都是宠物主人）说明作者对志愿者的筛选条件，这与后文的“知道如何照顾”逻辑一致。 4. 【答案】G 解析：第四段开头描述了Banjo途经多个州最终到达伊利诺伊，然后空白处之后是Banjo见到新生儿并回家的喜悦。选项G“It took 20 drivers four days to reunite Banjo with his family”（20位司机花了四天时间让Banjo与家人团聚）具体说明了接力护送的过程和结果，自然过渡到团聚的场景。 5. 【答案】A 解析：文章结尾处，主人因Banjo回家而激动，随后作者总结说“Banjo的故事展示了人们合作的力量”。选项A“I hope he won’t go wandering again”（我希望他不会再乱跑了）作为作者的个人感慨，既呼应了Banjo曾经走失一年的事实，也为故事增添了一个温馨的收尾，符合全文语气。 Text 2 Ever since the 19th century, when people were developing different ways of creating electricity, companies have looked for improved ways of producing power, using cleaner and more efficient methods. Now a UK company called Pavegen has been working on technology that could be widely used in the future to produce electricity. 1 The company has developed a special type of floor, made of square tiles (地砖). Under each square, there’s a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply – from the energy created every time someone steps on it! The creator of the floor, Laurence Kemball-Cook, came up with the idea when he was a student, and did some work experience with an energy company. The company asked him to investigate ways of providing street lighting in city centres, using energy from the sun to produce electricity. 2 One reason was that many city centres don’t get enough sunlight, because of all the tall buildings. Then he thought of a better plan. 3 The right technology could be used to change this energy into electricity – right under people’s feet! The design of the floor is actually extremely effective. 4 And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of the large numbers of people walking across the floor. In fact, the special squares are already in place in several locations with high numbers of pedestrians. These include big department stores and also an airport. The flooring can have other uses too, such as recording how many people visit a shopping centre at particular times. 5 For example, shop owners in the centre would be interested in knowing at which times of days they have the highest customer numbers. So the next time you visit a big shopping centre, have a careful look at the floor that you’re walking across! A. And it’s actually based on a simple idea. B. However, one big problem could be cost. C. This new system should work even better. D. But it soon became clear that this might not work. E. Why not use the energy created by pedestrians instead? F. This kind of information is very useful for certain people. G. This is especially true when it’s been used in very busy areas. 【答案】1-5 A D E G F 【详细解析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国Pavegen公司利用行人脚步发电的地板技术，及其发明过程、原理和应用。 1. 【答案】A 解析：第一段引出Pavegen公司正在研发可用于发电的技术。第二段首句说该公司开发了一种特殊地板，空格位于第一段末尾。选项A“And it’s actually based on a simple idea”（它实际上基于一个简单的想法）中的“it”指代上文的技术，起到承上启下的作用，既总结技术特点，又自然引出下文对地板工作原理（踩踏发电）的具体描述。 2. 【答案】D 解析：第二段中，Laurence被要求研究利用太阳能为街道照明，空格后给出原因“许多市中心高楼多，阳光不足”。选项D“But it soon became clear that this might not work”（但很快就清楚这行不通）说明太阳能方案失败，后文的“One reason was...”正是解释失败的原因，逻辑连贯。 3. 【答案】E 解析：上一句说“Then he thought of a better plan”（然后他想到了一个更好的计划），空格后提到“用正确的技术将这种能量转化为电能”。选项E“Why not use the energy created by pedestrians instead?”（为什么不改用行人产生的能量呢？）以反问形式直接提出新方案，正是“更好的计划”的具体内容，且与后文的“this energy”相对应。 4. 【答案】G 解析：第四段首句说“The design of the floor is actually extremely effective”（地板设计非常有效），空格后解释原因“大量人流产生很多能量”。选项G“This is especially true when it’s been used in very busy areas”（在非常繁忙的地区尤其如此）强调其在人流密集处的有效性，后文“And the reason is that...”进一步说明原因，衔接自然。 5. 【答案】F 解析：最后一段说地板还可记录人流量等信息，空格后举例“商场老板想知道一天中哪个时段客流量最高”。选项F“This kind of information is very useful for certain people”（这类信息对某些人非常有用）总括信息的价值，后文以商场老板为例具体说明，符合总分结构。 三、语法填空试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sustainable tourism, which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays, is not just about seeing the sights—it is also about connecting with people and their cultures, 1 (make) a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future. So, how can we be sustainable tourists? It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner. Getting to a tourist destination by airplane, which greatly increases our carbon footprint, 2 (have) a huge impact on the global environment. While avoiding flying is not always practical, we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport 3 even on foot wherever possible. When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels 4 (wash) every day. We also need to protect the local culture. When visiting temples or churches, 5 a strict dress code may be required, we should dress 6 (appropriate). While travelling, we should respect the right to privacy. We must ask for 7 (permit) before taking pictures of the local people, who are human beings and not on display. In summary, Being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect—for nature, culture and people. The concept of sustainable tourism 8 (gain) more and more attention in recent years. If we want future generations 9 (enjoy) the same beautiful places, we 10 (expect) to act responsibly today. 答案1. making 2. has 3. or 4. washed 5. where 6. appropriately 7. permission 8. has gained 9. to enjoy 10. are expected 解析 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词（现在分词）。句意：……还与人和他们的文化建立联系，对参观的地方产生积极影响，并为未来增加更多机会。空处与前面的“connecting”以及后面的“enhancing”并列，共同作介词“about”的宾语。动词make与逻辑主语sustainable tourism之间为主动关系，且表示伴随或补充说明，故用现在分词making。故填making。 【2题详解】 考查主谓一致（一般现在时第三人称单数）。句意：乘坐飞机到达旅游目的地会极大地增加我们的碳足迹，这对全球环境有巨大影响。句子主语为“Getting to a tourist destination by airplane”，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。结合上下文时态（一般现在时描述客观事实），故填has。 【3题详解】 考查并列连词（选择关系）。句意：……我们可以通过乘坐当地公共交通或尽可能步行来帮助改善环境。空格连接“on local public transport”和“even on foot”，表示两种可选的出行方式，意为“或者”。故填or。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词（过去分词作宾补）。句意：……不每天清洗我们的床单和毛巾。“have sth. done”为固定结构，表示“让某物被做”。逻辑宾语“our bedding and towels”与动词wash之间为被动关系，故用过去分词washed。故填washed。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句（关系副词）。句意：在参观可能要求严格着装规范的寺庙或教堂时，我们应该穿着得体。先行词为“temples or churches”，在从句“a strict dress code may be required”中作地点状语（在这些地方可能有着装要求），故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 【6题详解】 考查词性转换（形容词变副词）。句意：……我们应该穿着得体。空处修饰动词“dress”，需要用副词形式。appropriate的副词为appropriately，意为“合适地，得体地”。故填appropriately。 【7题详解】 考查词性转换（动词变名词）。句意：在给当地人拍照之前，我们必须征得许可。动词短语“ask for”后需接名词作宾语。permit的名词形式为permission（不可数名词），意为“许可，允许”。故填permission。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态（现在完成时）。句意：近年来，可持续旅游的概念越来越受到关注。时间状语“in recent years”提示动作从过去持续到现在，并对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时。主语“The concept”为单数，故填has gained。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词（不定式作宾补）。句意：如果我们希望后代也能享受同样美丽的地方……。固定搭配“want sb. to do sth.”，意为“想要某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to enjoy。 【10题详解】 考查动词语态（一般现在时被动语态）。句意：……我们就应该被期望负责任地行动。主语“we”与动词expect之间为被动关系（我们被期望），且描述一般情况，用一般现在时被动语态。故填are expected。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （2017年11月浙江） A Vacation with My Mother I had an interesting childhood: It was filled with surprise and amusements, all because of my mother — loving, sweet, and yet absent-minded and forgetful. One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her. My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way. As the first day of our trip approached, David, my eight-year-old brother, and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends. Who knew if we'd ever see them again? Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. We bravely drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler’s checks Mom had forgotten. David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept: “You stand outside the door and play lookout while I go, and I’ll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind: “Honey, where are the kids?” “What?! Oh, Gosh ... I thought they were being awfully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances. On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didn't we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous. To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea. Mom never could understand our objections. If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep, Mom would have been delighted. She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is. We finally found a vacancy in the next town. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Mom’s eyes lit up. “Let’s find a campsite and try it out!” she cheered. David and I exchanged worried glances, but Dad shrugged and drove to a nearby state park. Setting up the tent, however, turned into a comedy. Mom mixed up the poles, and the canvas fell on her head twice. “Why is this so difficult?” she laughed, peeking out from under the cloth. After an hour of struggle — with Dad reading the instructions upside down — we finally got it upright. “See? Teamwork!” Mom declared, though we noticed she had forgotten to hammer in half the pegs. We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. Mom forgot her purse twice more and left her traveler’s checks in a diner, but somehow a kind waitress returned them. At every gas station, David and I still took turns playing lookout. Yet looking back, I wouldn’t change a thing. Mom’s forgetfulness turned every ordinary stop into an adventure — a wrong turn led us to a waterfall, a lost map introduced us to a friendly farmer. By the time we reached North Dakota, we had laughed more than we had ever complained. That trip taught me that love isn’t about being perfect; it’s about getting lost together and still finding your way home. 【写作技巧】 1. 紧扣人物性格——妈妈永远是那个“可爱的麻烦制造者” 原文性格：健忘、乐观、天真、觉得所有人都像她一样善良。 续写中体现： 搭帐篷时弄错杆子、篷布掉头上（健忘+笨拙可爱） 忘了钉一半地钉（呼应健忘） 丢钱包两次、把旅行支票落在餐馆（直接呼应前文的健忘） 小技巧：让妈妈的“错误”带来小麻烦，但绝不带来真正的危险或恶意，最后总能幽默化解。 2. 保持孩子的视角——紧张、无奈又温暖 孩子眼中的妈妈：既让人担心（玩 lookout），又让人心软。 范文里的“exchanged worried glances”、“still took turns playing lookout”延续了原文的紧张感。 对比：孩子的“无奈” vs 妈妈的“开心” → 增加故事的趣味和情感张力。 3. 合理使用关键词语 不能生硬地塞进去，而是融入情节。 例如： purse 和 traveler’s checks → 遗忘情节 gas station → 继续玩“放哨”游戏 tent → 第一段主体 建议：先写故事，再把关键词自然地“安插”到合适的句子中，最后用下划线标出。 4. 故事结构：小波折 → 解决 → 主题升华 第一段：集中写“帐篷事件” → 遇到困难（搭不起来） → 一家人合作（虽然乱糟糟） → 完成（妈妈得意地宣布成功）。 第二段：沿途概括 + 几次小遗忘 → 转折（“Yet looking back...”）→ 情感升华（那些不完美反而成了最珍贵的回忆）。 5. 语言风格：简单、具体、有画面感多用动作描写和对话： “Mom’s eyes lit up.” “the canvas fell on her head twice.” “Why is this so difficult?” she laughed. 少用抽象形容，多用细节。不说“妈妈很滑稽”，而写“篷布掉在她头上两次”。 保持口语化、幽默感，和原文“We bravely drove off again two hours later”的笔调一致。 6. 结尾必须“回扣主题”且有温暖感悟 原文开头：有趣的童年源于妈妈。 续写结尾最好表达“虽然妈妈健忘，但这让我们拥有了独一无二的旅程”之类的情感。 范文结尾：“love isn’t about being perfect; it’s about getting lost together and still finding your way home.” 既有文采，又符合高中生水准。 【避坑提醒】 常见错误 正确做法 把妈妈写成真的“弃孩子不顾” 妈妈只是健忘，但从不造成严重后果；孩子主动“放哨”是他们的担心，不是事实 第二段完全抛弃第一段的帐篷 第一段结尾最好让帐篷搭好，第二段开头自然转向沿途风景 关键词漏标或多标 只用原题给出的带下划线单词，通常5个以上；标在单词/短语下方 字数不足或超标 严格控制在150词左右（可上下浮动10词） 结尾过于说教或幼稚 用具体感悟代替空喊口号，如“I learned that…”加一件小事带来的道理 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业03 语言知识巩固 选择性必修三 (Units 1-2)（原卷版） 一、听录音，用Unit 1词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Valley in the Arctic I took a __________ from my __________ home to an __________ __________. The __________ was __________ with __________ life, a __________ __________ to the __________ __________ that had __________ the land. The __________ __________ lived in __________ with nature. Their __________ was a __________ made of __________ and __________; a small __________ with a __________ of an __________ stood on the __________ land. I __________ their __________: __________ __________ and __________ with __________ bread. After the meal, I __________ a __________ and sat on a __________. A __________ approached and stared __________. I did not __________ it. I __________ a __________ of dried __________ meat that I had brought from the south — it was not a local __________, but it filled me. The __________ of the midnight sun felt like __________ gold. This __________ experience __________ slowly. My __________ of such memories became my true __________. I made a __________ to __________ this __________ of simple living. The __________ region taught me that real wealth is not __________ or __________ __________, but the __________ of respect for nature. I __________ this with my previous life and felt free. 二、听录音，用Unit 2词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Mission in Orbit My __________ as an __________ faced a __________ __________. In the __________ of __________, I would __________ inside the cupboard-sized __________. The __________ and floor __________ __________ and __________. __________ , __________ __________ __________ was __________ to __________. ____________________ this, the __________ gave us a __________ __________ and a __________ to __________ the __________. My __________ – a __________, an __________, and an __________ – worked without __________. __________, our __________ demanded __________. We __________ every second with __________ of the __________. A mosquito-sized __________ appeared under the __________ – __________ alive! That __________ of its __________ __________ increased our __________ for __________ in __________. I took a __________ for __________. __________ __________ dropped. __________ __________ ready. No __________, only purse-empty dedication. The __________ of our __________ taught me one thing: __________ is not a place, but a __________ __________ to survive. __________, we __________ every __________ of hope. This was our __________ – not __________ or __________, but __________ with __________ power. I __________ this with __________ life and felt __________. 三、重点单词 1. starve (v.) (使)饿死，（使）挨饿 → ____________ (n.) 饥饿 → ____________ (adj.) 饥饿的 2. calculate (vt.) 计算，核算；预测 → ____________ (n.) 计算 → ____________ (n.) 计算器 3. distinct (adj.) 截然不同的，不同种类的；清楚的 → ____________ (adv.) 清楚地 → ____________ (n.) 区别；优秀 4. dynamic (adj.) (事物)有活力的；动态的；充满活力的 → ____________ (adv.) 动态地 → ____________ (n.) 动力学；动态 5. elegant (adj.) 漂亮雅致的，精美的；优美的 → ____________ (adv.) 优雅地 → ____________ (n.) 优雅 6. ethnically (adv.) 种族地 → ____________ (adj.) 种族的 → ____________ (n.) 种族地位，种族特点 7. depth (n.) 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚 → ____________ (adj.) 深的；深刻的 → ____________ (v.) 加深，深化 8. consumption (n.) 消耗，消耗量；消费 → ____________ (v.) 消耗，消费 → ____________ (n.) 消费者 9. occupy (vt.) 占用；居住；占领；使忙于 → ____________ (n.) 职业；占领 → ____________ (adj.) 职业的 10. evaluate (vt.) 评估，评价 → ____________ (n.) 评估 → ____________ (n.) 评估者 11. visible (adj.) 看得见的；明显的 → ____________ (n.) 可见度 → ____________ (adv.) 明显地 12. permanent (adj.) 永久的，永恒的 → ____________ (adv.) 永久地 → ____________ (n.) 永久性 13. universe (n.) 宇宙，天地万物 → ____________ (adj.) 普遍的；宇宙的 → ____________ (adv.) 普遍地 14. origin (n.) 起源，起因；出身 → ____________ (adj.) 原始的；独创的 → ____________ (adv.) 最初；独创地 15. frequency (n.) 发生率；频繁；频率 → ____________ (adj.) 频繁的 → ____________ (adv.) 频繁地 四、重点短语 1. apart from 除了……外（都还） 2. off the beaten track 不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市 3. come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪 4. come down to 可归结为，可归纳为 5. dress code 着装规定 6. make one’s way to 去，前往 7. beat down (阳光)强烈照射，曝晒 8. cast new light on 使进一步了解… 9. in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 10. in view of 鉴于，考虑到 11. plain to see 显而易见的 12. lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 一、单句语法填空 1. The severe drought led to widespread __________, and the __________ children were too weak to walk. (starve) 2. The engineer made an accurate __________ of the load, then used a __________ to double‑check the numbers. (calculate) 3. The two paintings are __________ different; the __________ in their brushwork is immediately noticeable. (distinct) 4. The stock market changes __________, and understanding these __________ is essential for investors. (dynamic) 5. She dressed __________ for the gala, and her __________ impressed everyone present. (elegant) 6. The neighborhood is __________ diverse; this rich __________ is celebrated through many cultural festivals. (ethnic) 7. The river is surprisingly __________ in some areas, and heavy rains will further __________ the channel. (depth) 8. To reduce energy __________, we should __________ less electricity during peak hours. (consumption) 9. His main __________ is teaching, and the __________ hazards (危害) include stress and voice strain. (occupy) 10. The teacher’s __________ of the project was fair; as an __________, she provided detailed feedback to each student. (evaluate) 11. The mountain peak was barely __________ due to thick fog; low __________ forced drivers to use headlights at noon. (visible) 12. The damage to the ancient forest may not be __________; we must fight for the __________ of this unique ecosystem. (permanent) 13. The laws of physics are __________; they apply __________ across the entire cosmos (宇宙). (universe) 14. The __________ design was much simpler; the team __________ planned to launch a smaller version. (origin) 15. Power outages occur with increasing __________; thunderstorms __________ disrupt the rural grid. (frequency) 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 come about, bring sth to light, sum up, get across, spring up, be committed to, mount up, for instance, call on sb to do sth, walk on air, keep sth in perspective, find one’s way into 1. The coach ________________ the team captain to give an encouraging speech before the final match. 2. How did such a serious misunderstanding ________________ between the two players? 3. The journalist spent two years investigating the scandal and finally ___________ the hidden truth __________. 4. After winning the championship, the young athlete felt as if she was ________________. 5. The speaker used simple language and vivid examples to ________________ his message ________________. 6. In recent years, many new fitness clubs have ________________ in this city. 7. Losses and injuries can ________________ quickly in a long season, testing a team’s depth. 8. ________________, teamwork and individual effort are equally important in sports. 9. The organization ________________ providing equal training opportunities for amateur and professional athletes. 10. Some unexpected opportunities, ________________ a chance meeting with a famous coach, can change an athlete’s career. 11. Although he lost the final, the young tennis player learned to ______________ the defeat _____________ and focus on improvement. 12. The small sportswear brand ________________ the international market by accident when a famous athlete wore its shoes. 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water. (p 2) 中文翻译： 英文仿写：森林的中央有一个清澈的湖泊，那里是宁静的湖水和被风吹来的柔软沙子的家园。 2. Finally, if you are looking for something off the beaten track, you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia, where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：那么，如果你正在寻找一些人迹罕至的地方，你可以参观山西省的平遥古城，在那里你可以沿着古老的城墙散步，并欣赏明清时期的传统民居。 3. From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers, Canada’s geographical wonders, ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：从古老的城镇街道到宁静的乡村田野再到现代的城市公园，意大利的艺术瑰宝、美味食物及其友好的人们使它成为一个值得停留和享受的可爱地方。 4. The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes, the sun was beating down hard and bright, and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before. 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 河水载着鱼儿顺山谷而下，花朵长得高大而鲜艳，空气中弥漫着清新的青草气息，让我想起了家乡。 5. We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border of Kenya when my father, against my mother’s advice, decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road. 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 他们当时非常靠近位于北京北部的长城森林公园里的野餐地点，这时导游不顾游客们的请求，决定穿过一座架在深谷之上的狭窄木桥。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you’d like. Activity holidays Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports. We have a huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays. We’ll take you SCUBA diving in the Red Sea or kayaking and white water rafting in Canada. If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building. For those who like warmer weather, we also have sandboarding (the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris. Polar expeditions Take a cruise to Antarctica or the northern Arctic; explore a land of white natural beauty and wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the penguins in Antarctica or whales and polar bears in the Arctic. There's no greater adventure than travelling to the ends of the earth. A once-in-a-lifetime experience! Cultural journeys Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilisations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins – just remember to bring your camera! Get to know local ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic foods and meeting local people. Wildlife holidays We organise small-group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South America. Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles of the Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of accommodation, from tents to tree houses. 1. Which holiday lets you see penguins? A. Activity holidays. B. Polar expeditions. C. Cultural journeys. D. Wildlife holidays. 2. What is true about the wildlife holidays? A. They use local guides. B. They are very cheap. C. They require much experience. D. They avoid wild animals. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different prices. B. To teach travel safety tips. C. To introduce adventure holidays. D. To recommend skiing places. Text 2 For centuries, people in the northern parts of the world have watched the sky dance with spectacular curtains of green, pink, and purple light. This breathtaking natural event is known as the Aurora Borealis, or the Northern Lights. For a long time, its cause was a complete mystery, leading to many myths and legends. Today, however, science can give us a clear explanation for this beautiful phenomenon. It all begins with the sun. The sun is constantly sending out a stream of electrically charged particles into space. This stream is known as the solar wind. After travelling millions of kilometres, some of these particles reach our planet. Fortunately, the Earth has a powerful magnetic field which protects us from most of this solar radiation. This magnetic field is weakest at the North and South Poles, and it acts like a funnel (漏斗), pulling the solar particles down into our atmosphere in these polar regions. The “magic” happens when these high-energy solar particles collide with atoms and molecules (分子) of gas high up in our atmosphere, typically between 100 and 400 kilometres above the Earth's surface. This collision transfers energy to the gas atoms, making them “excited”. But they cannot stay in this excited state for long. To return to their normal state, they must release this extra energy in the form of tiny flashes of light. When billions of these collisions happen at once, they produce the incredible light show we see from the ground. The different colours of the aurora are determined by which type of gas is being hit, and at what altitude (海拔). The most common colour, a bright green, is produced when solar particles collide with oxygen atoms at about 100 to 300 kilometres high. Red lights, which are rarer, are also caused by oxygen, but at much higher altitudes above 300 kilometres. Pink and dark red colours can be created by nitrogen molecules. The best places to see the Northern Lights are in the “auroral zone”, which includes countries like Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and parts of Canada and Alaska. They are most visible on clear, dark nights between September and March, when the nights are longest. While scientists can forecast the probability of seeing the aurora, they are a natural phenomenon and can never be completely predictable. This unpredictability is part of what makes seeing them such a special and unforgettable experience. It’s a powerful reminder of the dynamic connection between our planet and the sun. 1. What is the primary cause of the Northern Lights? A. Electrical activity in the Earth's upper atmosphere. B. Energy from the sun hitting gas molecules above Earth. C. Moonlight passing through ice crystals in the air. D. Storms happening high up in the Earth's atmosphere. 2. What produces the most common green colour of the aurora? A. Collisions with oxygen atoms at very high altitudes. B. Collisions with rare gases in the atmosphere. C. Collisions with oxygen atoms at lower altitudes. D. Collisions with nitrogen molecules at high altitudes. 3. Which of these statements about seeing the Northern Lights is true? A. They are most visible during a full moon because of the extra light. B. The best time to see them is on a clear night during the summer months. C. Scientists can make predictions, but they’re not always accurate. D. They can be seen equally well from anywhere in the world. 4. What does the phenomenon of the Northern Lights demonstrate? A. The interaction between solar activity and the Earth's magnetic field. B. The protective role of the atmosphere against solar radiation. C. The weakness of the Earth’s atmosphere compared to the sun. D. The importance of polar regions for scientific study. 二、阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Text 1 I was walking my dog near my home in San Francisco last spring when I saw a large black Labrador on its own. It was wearing a blue collar, but there was no sign of an owner anywhere. 1 I was only joking, but it came running to me and stood by my side, ready to leave. I knew that this was someone’s lost pet. I fed and bathed the dog and checked its collar. There was a tag on it with a phone number. It turned out that the dog’s name was Banjo, and sure enough, he had an owner and a home. The trouble was that his home was in Chicago – over 2,000 miles away! 2 Banjo had been missing for over a year, and they had no idea how he had got all the way across the country. They also had no idea how to get him back again because they had a newborn baby at home and couldn’t make the long journey to San Francisco. I used social media to ask for help. It wasn’t long before we had a long list of volunteers who wanted to help Banjo to get home. 3 . It was important that they knew how to take care of Banjo. Banjo set off on his journey, and met new people in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri before he reached his home state of Illinois. 4 Banjo was delighted to meet the new baby and to be back home. His owners were thrilled to have him back. 5 Banjo’s story just goes to show what people can achieve when they all work together! A. I hope he won’t go wandering again. B. I decided to travel to Chicago with Banjo. C. It was clearly hungry, and needed to rest. D. I made sure that all of them were pet owners. E. I asked the dog if it wanted to come home with me F. His owners, Tina and Dan, were amazed to hear from me. G. It took 20 drivers four days to reunite Banjo with his family. Text 2 Ever since the 19th century, when people were developing different ways of creating electricity, companies have looked for improved ways of producing power, using cleaner and more efficient methods. Now a UK company called Pavegen has been working on technology that could be widely used in the future to produce electricity. 1 The company has developed a special type of floor, made of square tiles (地砖). Under each square, there’s a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply – from the energy created every time someone steps on it! The creator of the floor, Laurence Kemball-Cook, came up with the idea when he was a student, and did some work experience with an energy company. The company asked him to investigate ways of providing street lighting in city centres, using energy from the sun to produce electricity. 2 One reason was that many city centres don’t get enough sunlight, because of all the tall buildings. Then he thought of a better plan. 3 The right technology could be used to change this energy into electricity – right under people’s feet! The design of the floor is actually extremely effective. 4 And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of the large numbers of people walking across the floor. In fact, the special squares are already in place in several locations with high numbers of pedestrians. These include big department stores and also an airport. The flooring can have other uses too, such as recording how many people visit a shopping centre at particular times. 5 For example, shop owners in the centre would be interested in knowing at which times of days they have the highest customer numbers. So the next time you visit a big shopping centre, have a careful look at the floor that you’re walking across! A. And it’s actually based on a simple idea. B. However, one big problem could be cost. C. This new system should work even better. D. But it soon became clear that this might not work. E. Why not use the energy created by pedestrians instead? F. This kind of information is very useful for certain people. G. This is especially true when it’s been used in very busy areas. 三、语法填空试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sustainable tourism, which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays, is not just about seeing the sights—it is also about connecting with people and their cultures, 1 (make) a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future. So, how can we be sustainable tourists? It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner. Getting to a tourist destination by airplane, which greatly increases our carbon footprint, 2 (have) a huge impact on the global environment. While avoiding flying is not always practical, we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport 3 even on foot wherever possible. When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels 4 (wash) every day. We also need to protect the local culture. When visiting temples or churches, 5 a strict dress code may be required, we should dress 6 (appropriate). While travelling, we should respect the right to privacy. We must ask for 7 (permit) before taking pictures of the local people, who are human beings and not on display. In summary, Being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect—for nature, culture and people. The concept of sustainable tourism 8 (gain) more and more attention in recent years. If we want future generations 9 (enjoy) the same beautiful places, we 10 (expect) to act responsibly today. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （2017年11月浙江） A Vacation with My Mother I had an interesting childhood: It was filled with surprise and amusements, all because of my mother — loving, sweet, and yet absent-minded and forgetful. One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her. My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way. As the first day of our trip approached, David, my eight-year-old brother, and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends. Who knew if we’d ever see them again? Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. We bravely drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler’s checks Mom had forgotten. David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept: “You stand outside the door and play lookout while I go, and I’ll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind: “Honey, where are the kids?” “What?! Oh, Gosh ... I thought they were being awfully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances. On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didn’t we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous. To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea. Mom never could understand our objections. If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep, Mom would have been delighted. She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is. We finally found a vacancy in the next town. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $A valley in the arctic, I took a departure from my urban home to an arctic territory. The valley was blooming with botanicals life, a splendid contrast to the mighty glacier that had carved the land. The indigenous minority lived in harmony with nature. Their accommodation was a hut made of modern brick. A small church with a statue of an ancestor stood on the surrounding land. I sample the cuisine, barbecue lemon sausage with grain bread. After the meal, I fetched a blanket and SAT on a june. A fox approached instead intently. I did not bother IT. I chewed a bunch of dried goat meat that I had brought from the south. IT was not a local delicacy, but IT filled me. The ray of the midnight sun felt like liquid gold. This awesome experience unfolded slowly. My possession of such memories became my true welfare. I made a resolution to sustain this manner of simple living. The polar region taught me that real wealth is not furniture or antique zis, but the code of respect for nature. I can trusted this with my previous life and felt free. A mission in orbit, my mission as the astronaut, faced a crucial circumstance. In the absence of gravity, I would flow inside the covered sized shelter. The ceiling and floor comprised dust in tubes. Furthermore, constant radiation exposure was vital to calculate. In view of this, the agency gave us a nuclear rocket and a telescope to scan the universe. Michael, a mechanic, an assistant and an astronomer, worked without leisure altogether. Our administration demanded discipline. We occupied every second with maintenance of the kit. A mosquito sized creature appeared under the microscope, incredibly alive. That tale of its origin merely increased our motive for investment and cover. I took a pill for bother, hydrogen frequency dropped, orbit shuttle ready, no luxury only per empty dedication, the gravity of our circumstances. Ugh me one thing, shelter is not a place, but a constant resolution to survive. Furthermore, we calculated every ray of hope. This was our possession, not antique vars, but harmony with nuclear power. I can trusted this with urban life and felt awesome.