Unit4单元测试卷2025-2026学年人教版八年级下学期英语

**基本信息** 新人教英语八年级下Unit4单元卷以自然奇观为主题，融合词汇语法考查与文化认知，适配单元复习，有效提升语言能力与跨文化意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|15题/15分|核心词汇（depth, risk）、语法（such/so, 时态）|语境真实，如游泳安全、网络交友风险情境| |完形填空|10题/10分|自然奇观（珠峰、死海）、形容词最高级|语篇渗透文化传承，培养对自然的敬畏| |阅读理解|4篇/40分|中国景观（茶卡盐湖、黄果树瀑布）、信息获取|题型多样（选择/判断/七选五），提升思维品质| |书面表达|1题/10分|介绍自然奇观（高度、面积等）|综合语言运用，强化文化自信与表达能力|

新人教英语八年级下unit4单元测试卷 一、单项选择（15分） ( )1．The ________ of the swimming pool is 2 meters, so it’s dangerous for kids to swim. A．depth B．height C．length ( )2．— You look energetic these days. — I keep exercising every day to stay in good ________. A．description B．condition C．preparation ( )3．—I ________ if the new school is beautiful. —You may ask your elder brother. He goes to the same school as you. A．believe B．know C．wonder ( )4．After driving for hours, they found themselves in the middle of a vast, silent ________ with no sign of life around. A．desert B．earth C．ocean ( )5．Harbin is ________ a beautiful city that ________ people go to visit it every year. A．such；thousand B．so； thousands of C．such；thousands of ( )6．—I think it’s ______ to feel a little nervous before a big exam. We just need to stay calm and do our best. —You’re right. Facing our fears is part of growing stronger. A．difficult B．strange C．natural ( )7．—Dad, can I meet my online friend alone tonight? —No. It is a big ________ to your safety. A．Chance B．treat C．risk ( )8．—How do you read the number 40,391? —It’s ______. A．forty thousands, three hundreds and ninety-one B．forty thousand, three hundred and ninety-one C．forty thousand, and three hundred and ninety-one ( )9．— It was ________ unusual day. We went on an outing and had great fun. — Yes, we are looking forward to the next trip. A．a B．the C．an ( )10．The Sun Island ________ in Songbei District by the Songhua River. A．location B．is located C．located ( )11．—I want to be a scientist when I grow up. I plan to ________ new ways to protect the environment. —That’s great! Every small discovery can make a big difference to our world. A．research B．imagine C．report ( )12．Pressed by his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is ________ to stop playing video games. A．controlled B．determined C．managed ( )13．The natural wonder ________ be formed by wind and rain, but I’m not sure. A．must B．may C．should ( )14．The fish swimming ________ the surface of the lake are very small but lovely. A．under B．below C．on ( )15．—Have you ever seen a natural wonder that ________ many visitors? —Yes, I have. It’s very beautiful. A．attract B．attracts C．attracted 二、完形填空（10分） There are many amazing natural wonders on Earth. They show the beauty of our planet and make us feel surprised. Mount Everest is one of the 16 mountains in the world. It is between China and Nepal, and its height is about 8,848 meters. 17 climbing it is not easy, many people still dream of reaching its top. The Dead Sea is another special place. It is the lowest point on Earth, and 18 surface is about 430 meters 19 sea level. The water here has much salt, 20 people can float easily in it without sinking. Have you heard of the Mariana Trench? It is in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the deepest part of the ocean, and very few people 21 it so far. These natural wonders are 22 great gift from nature. We should cherish these wonders and protect our Earth. Every time we learn about them, we will feel the magic of nature and be more grateful for the world we live in. Many scientists spend years on the 23 of these wonders to know more about our planet. 24 amazing nature is to create such places, and we can always find new joy in these natural 25 . ( )16．A．high B．higher C．highest ( )17．A．Although B．So C．Because ( )18．A．its B．it C．it’s ( )19．A．above B．below C．beside ( )20．A．so B．or C．but ( )21．A．visit B．visited C．have visited ( )22．A．a B．an C．the ( )23．A．measure B．measures C．measurement ( )24．A．How B．What C．Which ( )25．A．wonder B．wonders C．wonderful 三、补全对话（5分） 根据对话内容，选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。 A: Hi, Li Ming! Have you ever been to the Hukou Waterfall? B: No, but I’ve seen pictures. It looks amazing! A: It is! The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long. 26 B: Really? Which one is the longest river in China? A: 27 It’s about 6,300 kilometres long. B: I see. 28 A: The Nile River. It’s 6,671 kilometres long. B: 29 A: Yes, they helped ancient civilizations to develop. B: 30 A: I agree. We should protect them at all costs. A．Do you know the Yellow River is not the longest river in China? B．The Yangtze River is. C．What’s the longest river in the world? D．How long is the Yellow River? E．That’s interesting. Both rivers are very important in history, aren’t they? F．How deep is the Yellow River? G．I think rivers are really important to humans. 26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________ 四、阅读理解（每小题2分，40分） 请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 (A) Chaka Salt Lake is in Qinghai Province. It sits at an altitude (海拔) of about 3,059 metres and covers an area of 105 square kilometres. It is rich in salt with a heavy salt bed close to the lake surface. That makes the lake a major source of salt in China. When the weather is clear, the lake provides beautiful reflections (映像) of the blue sky. That is why people call it “Sky Mirror”. Because of its amazing views, people see the lake as one of the “must-go” places in China. The best time to visit it would be from July to August. It is believed that breathing in the humid air with its salt content is especially good for the lungs (肺). If you want to go on a trip to the lake, the following tips may be helpful. Don’t eat the salt in the lake directly. ★Wear sunglasses and a hat because of the ultraviolet rays (紫外线). Prepare some medicine for the weak and the elderly to deal with altitude sickness. Travelling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grassland, you will feel like you are in a wonderland. If you have a chance, why not go there and enjoy the amazing place? ( )31．What makes the lake a main source of salt in China? A．The wide area of the lake. B．The warm weather of the lake. C．The heavy salt bed is close to the lake surface. ( )32．Why do people call Chaka Salt Lake“Sky Mirror”? A．Because it has rich salt. B．Because it has a high altitude. C．Because it provides beautiful reflections of the blue sky. ( )33．What does the underlined word“humid” mean in Chinese? A．寒冷的 B．肮脏的 C．潮湿的 ( )34．What does the writer think of Chaka Salt Lake? A．Dangerous. B．Beautiful. C．Hot. ( )35．What can we get from the text? A．Chaka Salt Lake has a warm winter. B．Chaka Salt Lake is a big lake in South China. C．Chaka Salt Lake is a wonderful place to visit. (B) Huangguoshu Waterfall is the largest waterfall in Asia and the third largest waterfall in the world. It is Guizhou’s number one natural attraction. Located on the Baishui River in Anshun, Guizhou, Huangguoshu National Park is centred at Huangguoshu Waterfall which is 83 metres in width and 67 meters in height. There are 18 waterfalls in all with different kinds of sizes. All the waterfalls form a great “family”, which is considered as the largest waterfall group in the world in the Guinness Book of World Records. Huangguoshu Waterfall got its name because of a local plant named the Yellow Fruit Tree. It is famous for its greatness and the waterfall group. This waterfall is the only waterfall to be watched at different angles (角度) for 360 degrees. As early as in the Ming Dynasty, the famous traveler Xu Xiake praised Huangguoshu Waterfall as “The shadows are floating in the air, the coldness is falling on the Milky Way in the sky.” Many of you may know one of the four Chinese classics called Journey to the West, which tells the story about a monk (和尚) named Xuan Zang. The emperor in Tang Dynasty wishes him to travel west and bring something back to China. And the monk accepts the task and sets off with his helpers. There are many famous scenes shooting in Huangguoshu Waterfall Scenic Area (景区). You can have fun at Water-Curtain Cave where is the home of the Monkey King, and Gaolao Zhuang is the place for the Pigsy carrying his wife. All of these will recall (召回) your beautiful memories about Journey to the West. 根据语篇内容做出判断，正确选A、错误选B。 ( )36．Huangguoshu Waterfall is the largest waterfall in the world. ( )37．Huangguoshu Waterfall is 67 metres wide and 83 meters high. ( )38．Huangguoshu Waterfall named after a local plant—the Yellow Fruit Tree. ( )39．The writer mentions Journey to the West because its writer wrote a poem about Huangguoshu Waterfall in it. ( )40．From the passage, we can know Huangguoshu Waterfall is Guizhou’s number one natural attraction. (C) To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees. 41 Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. 42 but a Chinese climbing team decided to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. 43 Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a. m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. 44 Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder (梯子)” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a Chinese research team went to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres. 45 Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English pioneer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”! A．Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. B．This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. C．Many climbers try their best to reach the top every year. D．Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, E．The weather on Qomolangma is always sunny and warm. F．People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. G．Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. 41.________ 42.________ 43._________ 44._________ 45._________ （D） The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders of the world and also a famous symbol of ancient engineering. It is in the north of China. The Great Wall is very long, covering thousands of kilometres across mountains, deserts, and plains (平原). The construction (建设) of the Great Wall began in the 7th century BC． Each brick (砖块) and stone tells its long story. Over the centuries, many dynasties continued to build and strengthen it. The Great Wall is not one continuous wall. It is made up of many sections. The main part of the Great Wall was built with bricks, stones, earth and wood. It winds(蜿蜒) its way through mountains,deserts, grasslands, and plateaus (高原). As an old saying goes,“He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” Walking along the Great Wall, you can’t help but feel a connection to history, almost walking in the shoes of those soldiers. Nowadays, millions of tourists from all over the world visit the Great Wall every year. They want to learn more about China’s history. Some people even like to hike along the Great Wall to experience its beauty. 46．Where is the Great Wall? 47．When did the construction of the Great Wall begin? 48．Is the Great Wall one continuous wall? 49．What was the main part of the Great Wall built with? 50．Why do millions of tourists visit the Great Wall every year? 五、选词填空（10分） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) connect ,    feel ,    one,     be ,    do ,    most,     he ,    good,     problem ,    nature Nature always surprises us with its amazing wonders. Among all the natural wonders, coastal cliffs are the 51 fantastic. They stand strongly by the sea and face wind and waves every year. I 52 saw coastal cliffs during a family trip to Qingdao. When I stood on the top of the cliff, I looked down and saw the blue sea hit the rocks. The view was so beautiful that I couldn’t say anything. I 53 small in front of such great beauty. I like coastal cliffs very much because they show 54 power (力量). Wind and water have changed them for millions of years, but they are still strong. This teaches me to be brave when I meet 55 in life. My uncle taught 56 to take photos. He often takes photos of wetlands and glaciers. He says they are important for the environment. And there 57 many natural wonders in danger because of pollution (污染) and over-development. We must 58 something to protect them. Exploring natural wonders is a good way to 59 with nature. It makes us love the beauty of the world and encourages us to protect it 60 . Let’s cherish all gifts from nature and leave them to future generations (子孙后代). 51.________ 52.________ 53._________ 54.________ 55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58._________ 59.________ 60.________ 六、短文填空（10分） The West Lake is 61 unusual natural wonder in China. It is the 62 (great) place to relax among all local scenic spots. It covers hundreds of square 63 (kilometre). The lake is 3 metres 64 depth and the water is clean all year round. Nowadays, many students face great study pressure. They are usually upset and nervous on school days. We will not enjoy our trip fully 65 we slow down and enjoy the views. Some teenagers care too much about their grades and they are too hard on 66 (they) all the time. When you walk around the West Lake, you can forget all your worries 67 (successful). The wonderful trip also 68 (include) green trees, lovely birds and quiet paths. We can spend much time 69 (walk) slowly along the bank and feel 70 (relax). 61.________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________ 65.________ 66.________ 67.________ 68._________ 69.________ 70.________ 七、书面表达（10分） 71．请你以“The World’s Wonders”为题,写一篇短文,介绍世界自然奇观，如山脉、河流、湖泊等。内容包括： (1)介绍至少两个自然奇观及其特点(如高度、面积等)； (2)表达你对这些自然奇观的感受。 要求：(1)词数不少于80； (2)语句通顺，意思连贯，可适当发挥。 The World’s Wonders ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案 一、单项选择 1．A 【详解】句意：游泳池的深度是2米，所以孩子在这里游泳很危险。 depth深度；height高度；length长度。根据“2 meters”及“dangerous for kids”可知，2米对于孩子来说太深了，因此危险，此处指水的深度，故选A。 2．B 【详解】句意：——你最近看起来精力充沛。——我每天坚持锻炼以保持良好的状态。 description描述；condition状况，状态；preparation准备。根据“You look energetic”和“keep exercising”可知，锻炼是为了保持良好的身体状况，固定搭配in good condition意为“状态良好”。 3．C 【详解】句意：——我想知道这所新学校是否漂亮。——你可以问问你的兄长。他和你上同一所学校。 believe相信；know知道；wonder想知道。根据回答“You may ask your elder brother.”可知，说话人目前不确定新学校的情况，需要去询问，wonder表示“想知道”，符合语境。 4．A 【详解】句意：开车几个小时后，他们发现自己身处一片广阔、寂静的沙漠之中，周围没有生命迹象。 desert沙漠；earth地球；ocean海洋。根据“driving”可知是在陆地上行驶，排除ocean；再结合“vast, silent”和“no sign of life around”可知周围荒无人烟，符合沙漠的特征。 5．C 【详解】句意：哈尔滨是如此美丽的一座城市，以至于每年都有成千上万的人去参观它。 such如此（修饰名词）；so如此（修饰形容词/副词）；thousand千；thousands of成千上万的。根据“a beautiful city”可知第一空应用such。thousand前有具体数字时用单数，与of连用表示概数时用复数形式thousands of。根据句意表示不确定数目“成千上万”，第二空应用thousands of。 6．C 【详解】句意：——我认为在大考前感到有点紧张是正常的。我们只需要保持冷静，尽最大努力。——你说得对。面对恐惧是变得更强的一部分。 difficult困难的；strange奇怪的；natural自然的。根据语境可知，大考前感到紧张是一种普遍的心理反应，结合后文建议保持冷静及答语“面对恐惧是成长的一部分”可知，此处指这是自然且正常的现象，无需过度担忧。应填natural。 7．C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我今晚可以单独去见我的网友吗？——不行。这对你的安全来说是一个很大的风险。   chance机会；treat款待；risk风险。根据网络安全常识，单独见网友存在安全隐患，risk符合语境。 8．B 【详解】句意：——你怎么读数字40,391？——它读作forty thousand, three hundred and ninety-one (四万零三百九十一)。 英语中hundred, thousand等词前有具体数字修饰时不用复数形式，排除A；百位与十位之间用and连接，千位与百位之间通常不用and，排除C。故选B。 9．C 【详解】句意：——那是一个不同寻常的一天。我们去郊游了，玩得很开心。——是的，我们期待下一次旅行。 a 一个(用于辅音音素前)；the 这/那(特指)；an 一个(用于元音音素前)。根据空后单词“unusual”是以元音音素开头，且表示泛指，应选 an。 10．B 【详解】句意：太阳岛位于松花江畔的松北区。   location位置（名词）；is located位于；located位于（过去分词/形容词）。句子缺少谓语，location是名词，located是过去分词，均不能单独作谓语。“be located in”是固定搭配，意为“位于”，主语The Sun Island是第三人称单数，故用is located。 11．A 【详解】句意：——我长大后想成为一名科学家。我计划研究保护环境的新方法。——太棒了！每一个小发现都能对我们的世界产生重大影响。 research研究；imagine想象；report报告。根据“I want to be a scientist”及答语中“Every small discovery”可知，科学家的工作是通过“研究”来寻找新方法，符合语境。故选A。 12．B 【详解】句意：受到父母的压力，并意识到自己浪费了太多时间，这个男孩下定决心停止玩电子游戏。 controlled控制；determined决心的；managed管理。根据“realizing that he has wasted too much time”可知，男孩意识到错误后应该是“下定决心”改正，固定搭配be determined to do sth. 意为“下定决心做某事”，controlled和managed语义不通，应填determined。 13．B 【详解】句意：这个自然奇观可能是由风雨形成的，但我不确定。 must一定；may可能；should应该。根据“but I’m not sure”可知，说话者不确定，表示可能性推测应用may。 14．B 【详解】句意：在湖面下方游泳的鱼很小但很可爱。 under在……正下方，指被某物体覆盖或在垂直下方；below在……下方；on在……上面。根据“the surface of the lake”以及选项可知，此处指“湖面以下”，表示处于某水平线以下时常用介词below。 15．B 【详解】句意：——你曾经见过一个吸引许多游客的自然奇观吗？——是的，我见过。它非常美丽。 分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句修饰先行词“a natural wonder”，先行词为单数名词，且描述客观事实，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填attracts。 二、完形填空 16．C 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．B 【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰、死海和马里亚纳海沟等自然奇观，呼吁人们珍惜和保护大自然。 【详解】16．句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰之一。 “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，因此用最高级。 17．句意：虽然攀登它不容易，但许多人仍梦想到达顶峰。 前后句是转折关系，因此用Although“虽然”引导让步状语从句。 18．句意：它是地球最低点，且它的表面大约低于海平面430米。 修饰名词surface需用形容词性物主代词，应用its“它的”。it“它”以及it’s“它是”均不符合语法结构。 19．句意：表面大约低于海平面430米。 根据常识，死海是陆地最低点，位置在海平面以下，因此用below“在……之下”。 20．句意：这里的水含盐量很高，所以人们可以很容易地漂浮在其中而不下沉。 前后句是因果关系，因此用so“所以”。or“或者；否则”以及but“但是”不符合逻辑关系。 21．句意：它是海洋最深的部分，到目前为止很少有人参观过它。 时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志词，因此用have visited。 22．句意：这些自然奇观是大自然的一份伟大礼物。 此处表示“一份礼物”，是泛指，且great以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 23．句意：许多科学家花多年时间在这些奇观的测量上以了解更多关于地球的知识。 “on the + 名词 + of”是固定结构，此处需用名词表示“测量（数据）”，因此用measurement。 24．句意：大自然创造这些地方是多么神奇啊，我们总能在这些自然奇观中找到新的乐趣。 本句是感叹句，结构为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，amazing是形容词，因此用How。 25．句意：我们总能在这些自然奇观中找到新的乐趣。 these“这些”后接复数名词，因此用wonders“奇观”。 三、补全对话 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．E 30．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了A与B围绕壶口瀑布及黄河、长江、尼罗河等河流展开对话，二人讨论了河流的长度、历史重要性及保护河流的话题，展现了地理知识相关的日常情景交际。 26．A向B介绍黄河的长度后，下文B惊讶地询问中国最长的河流是哪条，A的回应应自然引出B的疑问，故用A项“Do you know the Yellow River is not the longest river in China?”衔接下文。 27．B询问中国最长的河流是哪条后，下文A补充了长江的长度信息，A的回应应回答B的问题，故用B项“The Yangtze River is.”衔接下文。 28．A介绍完长江的长度后，下文A回答了世界最长的河流是尼罗河，B的回应应引出该问题，故用C项“What’s the longest river in the world?”衔接下文。 29．A说完尼罗河的长度后，下文A肯定了河流对古代文明发展的作用，B的回应应引出该话题，故用E项“That’s interesting. Both rivers are very important in history, aren’t they?”衔接下文。 30．A肯定了河流对古代文明发展的作用后，下文A表达了保护河流的观点，B的回应应引出该倡议，故用G项“I think rivers are really important to humans.”衔接下文。 四、阅读理解 （A） 31．C 32．C 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了位于青海省的茶卡盐湖的地理特征、别称由来、最佳旅游时间，并针对前往该地旅游的游客提供了实用的出行建议。 【详解】31．根据第一段“It is rich in salt with a heavy salt bed close to the lake surface. That makes the lake a main source of salt in our country.”可知，使这个湖成为我国主要的盐源的原因是靠近湖面有一层厚厚的盐层，即“The heavy salt bed close to the lake surface.”。 32．根据第一段“When the weather is clear, the lake provides beautiful reflections of the blue sky. ”可知，天晴的时候，湖上可以看到美丽的蓝天倒影。故选C。 33．根据第二段“It is believed that breathing in the humid air with its salt content is especially good for the lungs”中，“good for the lungs”明确表明对肺部有好处，应是正面词语，C符合语境。 34．观点态度题。根据倒数第二段“Traveling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grassland, you will feel like you are in a wonderland.”可知，作者觉得这个地方很美，像仙境一样。故选B。 35．根据倒数第二段“Traveling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grassland, you will feel like you are in a wonderland.”以及最后一段可知，茶卡盐湖是一个很美，很棒的地方。故选C。 （B） 36．B 37．B 38．A 39．B 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了位于中国贵州的黄果树瀑布的世界地位、地理位置与规模、得名由来，同时提及黄果树瀑布景区是《西游记》多处经典场景的取景地，展现了黄果树瀑布的游览价值与特色。 【详解】36．根据第一段第一句“Huangguoshu Waterfall is...the third largest waterfall in the world.”可知，黄果树瀑布是世界第三大瀑布，题干说是世界最大，故错误。 37．根据第二段第二句“...Huangguoshu Waterfall which is 83 metres in width and 67 meters in height.”可知，瀑布宽83米，高67米。题干将宽和高数据弄反了，故错误。 38．根据第三段第一句“Huangguoshu Waterfall got its name because of a local plant named the Yellow Fruit Tree.”可知，瀑布得名于当地植物黄果树，与题干表述一致，故正确。 39．根据第四、五段内容可知，文中提到《西游记》是因为景区内有水帘洞等拍摄场景，能唤起人们对《西游记》的记忆，而非因为作者在书中写了关于瀑布的诗（写诗赞美的是明代旅行家徐霞客），故错误。 40．根据第一段最后一句“It is Guizhou’s number one natural attraction.”可知，黄果树瀑布是贵州第一自然景观，与题干表述一致，故正确。 （C） 41．G 42．D 43．F 44．B 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了中国登山队首次从北坡登顶珠穆朗玛峰的历程，以及后续中国登山队的相关成就。 41．前文提到珠穆朗玛峰上温度可降至零下30度，此处需要进一步说明登山者还需应对稀薄空气、高耸悬崖和多变的天气。选项G“Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather”点明登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和多变的天气，与前后文共同描述登山的艰难条件。 42．前文提到1960年之前无人能从北侧登顶珠峰，后文提到一支中国登山队决定尝试攀登，此处需要说明该路线非常危险。选项D“Mountain climbers even called that way the ‘Death Road’”点明登山者甚至称那条路为“死亡之路”，与前后文衔接自然。 43．前文提到登山队员到达海拔8600米的“第二台阶”，后文描述刘连满让队友踩在他的肩膀上艰难攀爬，此处需要说明此处高得连鸟都飞不过去。选项F“People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it”点明人们说它太高了，甚至鸟儿都飞不到，与前后文逻辑连贯。 44．前文提到1975年另一支中国登山队登顶进行科研，后文提到直到2007年几乎所有从北坡攀登的登山者都使用这个“中国梯”更快登顶，此处需要说明这次他们带了一个梯子到第二台阶。选项B“This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step”点明这次他们带了一个梯子到第二台阶，与前后文形成因果和说明关系。 45．后文提到一些登山者成功登顶但许多人失败，并探讨人们为何仍冒着生命危险攀登珠峰，此处需要说明攀登珠峰是危险的。选项A“Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous”点明攀登珠穆朗玛峰是危险的，与后文形成转折关系，为探讨人们为何仍愿冒险做铺垫。 （D） 46．It is in the north of China. 47．In the 7th century BC. 48．No, it isn’t. 49．Bricks, stones, earth and wood. 50．Because they want to learn more about China’s history. 【导语】本文主要介绍长城是世界奇迹与古代工程标志，依次介绍地理位置、始建时间、构造特点、相关俗语以及如今游客游览长城的缘由。 【详解】46．原文第一段明确写明“It is in the north of China.”，属于原文细节信息，直接提取作答。 47．原文第二段首句标注“The construction of the Great Wall began in the 7th century BC.”，为原文时间细节，直接提取。 48．原文第三段第一句写明“The Great Wall is not one continuous wall.”，依据原文原句做一般疑问句否定回答即No, it isn’t.。 49．原文第三段第二句“The main part of the Great Wall was built with bricks, stones, earth and wood.”，答案是原文直接信息。 50．原文最后一段说明“They want to learn more about China’s history.”，部分游客还为欣赏美景徒步游览，核心原因取自原句内容。 五、选词填空 51．most 52．first 53．felt 54．nature’s 55．problems 56．himself 57．are 58．do 59．connect 60．well 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在青岛看到海岸悬崖的经历和感受，以及由此引发的对自然奇观的思考，呼吁人们保护自然。 【详解】51．句意：在所有自然奇观中，海岸悬崖是最奇妙的。“Among all the natural wonders”表示范围，此处需用形容词最高级，most fantastic表示“最奇妙的”。 52．句意：在一次去青岛的家庭旅行中，我第一次看到了海岸悬崖。此处表示“第一次”，结合所给词，用one的副词形式first。 53．句意：在如此壮丽的美景前，我感到自己很渺小。句子缺少谓语动词，此处表示“感觉渺小”，用 feel“感觉”，且句子为一般过去时，feel的过去式为felt。 54．句意：我非常喜欢海岸悬崖，因为它们展现了大自然的力量。此处表示“大自然的力量”，修饰名词power需用所有格，nature’s“自然的”，符合语境。 55．句意：这教会我在生活中遇到问题时要勇敢。meet后接名词作宾语，上文说“要勇敢”，说明此处指问题或者困难，用problem“难题”，且用复数形式problems表示泛指。 56．句意：我的叔叔自学了拍照。动词taught后接人称代词宾格，此处表示叔叔教自己拍照，he的反身代词形式为himself“他自己”。 57．句意：并且由于污染和过度开发，有许多自然奇观正处于危险之中。此处为there be句型，主语many natural wonders是复数，句子为一般现在时，be动词用are。 58．句意：我们必须做些什么来保护它们。“to protect them”说明此处是做一些事情，用do“做”，情态动词must后接动词原形。 59．句意：探索自然奇观是与自然建立联系的好方式。固定搭配connect with表示“与……联系”，此处为动词不定式，to后用原形。 60．句意：它让我们热爱世界之美，并鼓励我们好好保护它。此处修饰动词protect需用副词，good的副词形式为well“很好地”。 六、短文填空 61．an 62．greatest 63．kilometres 649．in 65．unless 66．themselves 67．successfully 68．includes 69．walking 70．relaxed 【导语】本文介绍杭州西湖的自然特点，并建议学生在压力大时通过游览西湖放松身心。 【详解】61．句意：西湖是中国一个不寻常的自然奇观。空格后“unusual natural wonder”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个”，需用不定冠词修饰；unusual以元音音素开头，故用an。 62．句意：它是当地所有景点中最佳的放松场所。空格前“the”后需接形容词最高级，great的最高级是greatest。 63．句意：它占地数百平方公里。“hundreds of”后需接可数名词复数，kilometre的复数形式是kilometres。 64．句意：湖的深度为3米，且全年水质清澈。“in depth”是介词短语，意为“在深度方面”，为固定搭配。 65．句意：除非我们放慢速度欣赏风景，否则无法充分享受旅行。空格后是完整句子，与主句构成条件关系，表示“除非”，需用从属连词unless引导条件状语从句。 66．句意：一些青少年过于在乎成绩，并且他们对自己一直过于苛刻。“be hard on oneself”是形容词短语，意为“对自己苛刻”，主语是“they”，需用反身代词themselves。 67．句意：……你可以成功地忘记所有的烦恼。空格处修饰动词“forget”，需用副词作状语，表示“成功地”，successful的副词形式是successfully。 68．句意：美妙的旅行还包括绿树、可爱的鸟儿和安静的小路。主语“The wonderful trip”是第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，include的第三人称单数形式是includes。 69．句意：我们可以花很长时间沿着湖岸慢慢散步，感到放松。“spend time (in) doing sth.”是动词短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，walk的动名词形式是walking。 70．句意：我们可以花很长时间沿着湖岸慢慢散步，感到放松。“feel”是系动词，后需接形容词作表语，表示“感到放松的”，relax的形容词形式是relaxed，描述人的感受。 七、书面表达 71．[例文] The World’s Wonders There are many amazing natural wonders in the world. Let’s talk about two of them. First, Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, with a height of 8,848.86 metres. Climbing it is really difficult because of the terrible weather. Another great wonder is the Nile. It is the longest river in the world, 6,671 kilometres long. It provides water for many people and helps plants grow well. These natural wonders are so wonderful. They show us how amazing our planet is. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，介绍自然景观，全文以一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍至少两处世界自然奇观（高度、长度、面积等）、抒发个人对自然奇观的感想 确定人称：第三人称介绍景物、第一人称抒发感受 注意事项：词数≥80 词，行文连贯流畅，信息数据准确 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构 开头段：总起句，点明地球上拥有数不胜数的自然奇观，引出下文将要介绍两处景观 主体段：分两点依次介绍两处自然奇观 结尾段：总结景观的壮美，抒发内心感慨、赞美大自然，升华主旨 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：开篇总起 引入主题：many amazing natural wonders in the world/plenty of fantastic natural wonders all over the world/filled with unbelievable natural wonders等 要点二：第一处自然奇观 山脉优选：Mount Qomolangma 基础信息：the highest mountain on Earth/a height of 8,848.86 metres等 特殊天气：freezing cold weather/thin air/steep rocky surface等 要点三：第二处自然奇观 河流优选：The Nile 基础信息：the longest river in the world/6,671 kilometres long等 主要特点：provides water for many people/helps plants grow well/runs across several African countries/feed farmland along banks等 要点四：个人感受 表达感叹：so wonderful/how amazing/proud of the great power of nature等 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新人教英语八年级下unit4单元测试卷（解析版） 一、单项选择 1．—Have you ever seen a natural wonder that ________ many visitors? —Yes, I have. It’s very beautiful. A．attract B．attracts C．attracted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你曾经见过一个吸引许多游客的自然奇观吗？——是的，我见过。它非常美丽。 分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句修饰先行词“a natural wonder”，先行词为单数名词，且描述客观事实，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填attracts。 2．The fish swimming ________ the surface of the lake are very small but lovely. A．under B．below C．on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在湖面下方游泳的鱼很小但很可爱。 under在……正下方，指被某物体覆盖或在垂直下方；below在……下方；on在……上面。根据“the surface of the lake”以及选项可知，此处指“湖面以下”，表示处于某水平线以下时常用介词below。 3．The natural wonder ________ be formed by wind and rain, but I’m not sure. A．must B．may C．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个自然奇观可能是由风雨形成的，但我不确定。 must一定；may可能；should应该。根据“but I’m not sure”可知，说话者不确定，表示可能性推测应用may。 4．Pressed by his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is ________ to stop playing video games. A．controlled B．determined C．managed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：受到父母的压力，并意识到自己浪费了太多时间，这个男孩下定决心停止玩电子游戏。 controlled控制；determined决心的；managed管理。根据“realizing that he has wasted too much time”可知，男孩意识到错误后应该是“下定决心”改正，固定搭配be determined to do sth. 意为“下定决心做某事”，controlled和managed语义不通，应填determined。 5．—I want to be a scientist when I grow up. I plan to ________ new ways to protect the environment. —That’s great! Every small discovery can make a big difference to our world. A．research B．imagine C．report 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我长大后想成为一名科学家。我计划研究保护环境的新方法。——太棒了！每一个小发现都能对我们的世界产生重大影响。 research研究；imagine想象；report报告。根据“I want to be a scientist”及答语中“Every small discovery”可知，科学家的工作是通过“研究”来寻找新方法，符合语境。故选A。 6．The Sun Island ________ in Songbei District by the Songhua River. A．location B．is located C．located 【答案】B 【详解】句意：太阳岛位于松花江畔的松北区。   location位置（名词）；is located位于；located位于（过去分词/形容词）。句子缺少谓语，location是名词，located是过去分词，均不能单独作谓语。“be located in”是固定搭配，意为“位于”，主语The Sun Island是第三人称单数，故用is located。 7．— It was ________ unusual day. We went on an outing and had great fun. — Yes, we are looking forward to the next trip. A．a B．the C．an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那是一个不同寻常的一天。我们去郊游了，玩得很开心。——是的，我们期待下一次旅行。 a 一个(用于辅音音素前)；the 这/那(特指)；an 一个(用于元音音素前)。根据空后单词“unusual”是以元音音素开头，且表示泛指，应选 an。 8．—How do you read the number 40,391? —It’s ______. A．forty thousands, three hundreds and ninety-one B．forty thousand, three hundred and ninety-one C．forty thousand, and three hundred and ninety-one 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你怎么读数字40,391？——它读作forty thousand, three hundred and ninety-one (四万零三百九十一)。 英语中hundred, thousand等词前有具体数字修饰时不用复数形式，排除A；百位与十位之间用and连接，千位与百位之间通常不用and，排除C。故选B。 9．—Dad, can I meet my online friend alone tonight? —No. It is a big ________ to your safety. A．chance B．treat C．risk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我今晚可以单独去见我的网友吗？——不行。这对你的安全来说是一个很大的风险。   chance机会；treat款待；risk风险。根据网络安全常识，单独见网友存在安全隐患，risk符合语境。 10．—I think it’s ________ to feel a little nervous before a big exam. We just need to stay calm and do our best. —You’re right. Facing our fears is part of growing stronger. A．difficult B．strange C．natural 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为在大考前感到有点紧张是正常的。我们只需要保持冷静，尽最大努力。——你说得对。面对恐惧是变得更强的一部分。 difficult困难的；strange奇怪的；natural自然的。根据语境可知，大考前感到紧张是一种普遍的心理反应，结合后文建议保持冷静及答语“面对恐惧是成长的一部分”可知，此处指这是自然且正常的现象，无需过度担忧。应填natural。 11．Harbin is ________ a beautiful city that ________ people go to visit it every year. A．such；thousand B．so； thousands of C．such；thousands of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哈尔滨是如此美丽的一座城市，以至于每年都有成千上万的人去参观它。 such如此（修饰名词）；so如此（修饰形容词/副词）；thousand千；thousands of成千上万的。根据“a beautiful city”可知第一空应用such。thousand前有具体数字时用单数，与of连用表示概数时用复数形式thousands of。根据句意表示不确定数目“成千上万”，第二空应用thousands of。 12．After driving for hours, they found themselves in the middle of a vast, silent ________ with no sign of life around. A．desert B．earth C．ocean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：开车几个小时后，他们发现自己身处一片广阔、寂静的沙漠之中，周围没有生命迹象。 desert沙漠；earth地球；ocean海洋。根据“driving”可知是在陆地上行驶，排除ocean；再结合“vast, silent”和“no sign of life around”可知周围荒无人烟，符合沙漠的特征。 13．—I ________ if the new school is beautiful. —You may ask your elder brother. He goes to the same school as you. A．believe B．know C．wonder 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道这所新学校是否漂亮。——你可以问问你的兄长。他和你上同一所学校。 believe相信；know知道；wonder想知道。根据回答“You may ask your elder brother.”可知，说话人目前不确定新学校的情况，需要去询问，wonder表示“想知道”，符合语境。 14．— You look energetic these days. — I keep exercising every day to stay in good ________. A．description B．condition C．preparation 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最近看起来精力充沛。——我每天坚持锻炼以保持良好的状态。 description描述；condition状况，状态；preparation准备。根据“You look energetic”和“keep exercising”可知，锻炼是为了保持良好的身体状况，固定搭配in good condition意为“状态良好”。 15．The ________ of the swimming pool is 2 meters, so it’s dangerous for kids to swim. A．depth B．height C．length 【答案】A 【详解】句意：游泳池的深度是2米，所以孩子在这里游泳很危险。 depth深度；height高度；length长度。根据“2 meters”及“dangerous for kids”可知，2米对于孩子来说太深了，因此危险，此处指水的深度，故选A。 二、完形填空 There are many amazing natural wonders on Earth. They show the beauty of our planet and make us feel surprised. Mount Everest is one of the 16 mountains in the world. It is between China and Nepal, and its height is about 8,848 meters. 17 climbing it is not easy, many people still dream of reaching its top. The Dead Sea is another special place. It is the lowest point on Earth, and 18 surface is about 430 meters 19 sea level. The water here has much salt, 20 people can float easily in it without sinking. Have you heard of the Mariana Trench? It is in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the deepest part of the ocean, and very few people 21 it so far. These natural wonders are 22 great gift from nature. We should cherish these wonders and protect our Earth. Every time we learn about them, we will feel the magic of nature and be more grateful for the world we live in. Many scientists spend years on the 23 of these wonders to know more about our planet. 24 amazing nature is to create such places, and we can always find new joy in these natural 25 . 16．A．high B．higher C．highest 17．A．Although B．So C．Because 18．A．its B．it C．it’s 19．A．above B．below C．beside 20．A．so B．or C．but 21．A．visit B．visited C．have visited 22．A．a B．an C．the 23．A．measure B．measures C．measurement 24．A．How B．What C．Which 25．A．wonder B．wonders C．wonderful 【答案】 16．C 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．B 【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰、死海和马里亚纳海沟等自然奇观，呼吁人们珍惜和保护大自然。 【详解】16．句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰之一。 “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，因此用最高级。 17．句意：虽然攀登它不容易，但许多人仍梦想到达顶峰。 前后句是转折关系，因此用Although“虽然”引导让步状语从句。 18．句意：它是地球最低点，且它的表面大约低于海平面430米。 修饰名词surface需用形容词性物主代词，应用its“它的”。it“它”以及it’s“它是”均不符合语法结构。 19．句意：表面大约低于海平面430米。 根据常识，死海是陆地最低点，位置在海平面以下，因此用below“在……之下”。 20．句意：这里的水含盐量很高，所以人们可以很容易地漂浮在其中而不下沉。 前后句是因果关系，因此用so“所以”。or“或者；否则”以及but“但是”不符合逻辑关系。 21．句意：它是海洋最深的部分，到目前为止很少有人参观过它。 时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志词，因此用have visited。 22．句意：这些自然奇观是大自然的一份伟大礼物。 此处表示“一份礼物”，是泛指，且great以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 23．句意：许多科学家花多年时间在这些奇观的测量上以了解更多关于地球的知识。 “on the + 名词 + of”是固定结构，此处需用名词表示“测量（数据）”，因此用measurement。 24．句意：大自然创造这些地方是多么神奇啊，我们总能在这些自然奇观中找到新的乐趣。 本句是感叹句，结构为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，amazing是形容词，因此用How。 25．句意：我们总能在这些自然奇观中找到新的乐趣。 these“这些”后接复数名词，因此用wonders“奇观”。 三、补全对话 根据对话内容，选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。 A: Hi, Li Ming! Have you ever been to the Hukou Waterfall? B: No, but I’ve seen pictures. It looks amazing! A: It is! The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long. 26 B: Really? Which one is the longest river in China? A: 27 It’s about 6,300 kilometres long. B: I see. 28 A: The Nile River. It’s 6,671 kilometres long. B: 29 A: Yes, they helped ancient civilizations to develop. B: 30 A: I agree. We should protect them at all costs. A．Do you know the Yellow River is not the longest river in China? B．The Yangtze River is. C．What’s the longest river in the world? D．How long is the Yellow River? E．That’s interesting. Both rivers are very important in history, aren’t they? F．How deep is the Yellow River? G．I think rivers are really important to humans. 【答案】26．A 27．B 28．C 29．E 30．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了A与B围绕壶口瀑布及黄河、长江、尼罗河等河流展开对话，二人讨论了河流的长度、历史重要性及保护河流的话题，展现了地理知识相关的日常情景交际。 26．A向B介绍黄河的长度后，下文B惊讶地询问中国最长的河流是哪条，A的回应应自然引出B的疑问，故用A项“Do you know the Yellow River is not the longest river in China?”衔接下文。 27．B询问中国最长的河流是哪条后，下文A补充了长江的长度信息，A的回应应回答B的问题，故用B项“The Yangtze River is.”衔接下文。 28．A介绍完长江的长度后，下文A回答了世界最长的河流是尼罗河，B的回应应引出该问题，故用C项“What’s the longest river in the world?”衔接下文。 29．A说完尼罗河的长度后，下文A肯定了河流对古代文明发展的作用，B的回应应引出该话题，故用E项“That’s interesting. Both rivers are very important in history, aren’t they?”衔接下文。 30．A肯定了河流对古代文明发展的作用后，下文A表达了保护河流的观点，B的回应应引出该倡议，故用G项“I think rivers are really important to humans.”衔接下文。 四、阅读理解 (A) 请阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。 Chaka Salt Lake is in Qinghai Province. It sits at an altitude (海拔) of about 3,059 metres and covers an area of 105 square kilometres. It is rich in salt with a heavy salt bed close to the lake surface. That makes the lake a major source of salt in China. When the weather is clear, the lake provides beautiful reflections (映像) of the blue sky. That is why people call it “Sky Mirror”. Because of its amazing views, people see the lake as one of the “must-go” places in China. The best time to visit it would be from July to August. It is believed that breathing in the humid air with its salt content is especially good for the lungs (肺). If you want to go on a trip to the lake, the following tips may be helpful. Don’t eat the salt in the lake directly. ★Wear sunglasses and a hat because of the ultraviolet rays (紫外线). Prepare some medicine for the weak and the elderly to deal with altitude sickness. Travelling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grassland, you will feel like you are in a wonderland. If you have a chance, why not go there and enjoy the amazing place? 31．What makes the lake a main source of salt in China? A．The wide area of the lake. B．The warm weather of the lake. C．The heavy salt bed is close to the lake surface. 32．Why do people call Chaka Salt Lake“Sky Mirror”? A．Because it has rich salt. B．Because it has a high altitude. C．Because it provides beautiful reflections of the blue sky. 33．What does the underlined word“humid” mean in Chinese? A．寒冷的 B．肮脏的 C．潮湿的 34．What does the writer think of Chaka Salt Lake? A．Dangerous. B．Beautiful. C．Hot. 35．What can we get from the text? A．Chaka Salt Lake has a warm winter. B．Chaka Salt Lake is a big lake in South China. C．Chaka Salt Lake is a wonderful place to visit. 【答案】31．C 32．C 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了位于青海省的茶卡盐湖的地理特征、别称由来、最佳旅游时间，并针对前往该地旅游的游客提供了实用的出行建议。 【详解】31．根据第一段“It is rich in salt with a heavy salt bed close to the lake surface. That makes the lake a main source of salt in our country.”可知，使这个湖成为我国主要的盐源的原因是靠近湖面有一层厚厚的盐层，即“The heavy salt bed close to the lake surface.”。 32．根据第一段“When the weather is clear, the lake provides beautiful reflections of the blue sky. ”可知，天晴的时候，湖上可以看到美丽的蓝天倒影。故选C。 33．根据第二段“It is believed that breathing in the humid air with its salt content is especially good for the lungs”中，“good for the lungs”明确表明对肺部有好处，应是正面词语，C符合语境。 34．观点态度题。根据倒数第二段“Traveling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grassland, you will feel like you are in a wonderland.”可知，作者觉得这个地方很美，像仙境一样。故选B。 35．根据倒数第二段“Traveling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grassland, you will feel like you are in a wonderland.”以及最后一段可知，茶卡盐湖是一个很美，很棒的地方。故选C。 (B) Huangguoshu Waterfall is the largest waterfall in Asia and the third largest waterfall in the world. It is Guizhou’s number one natural attraction. Located on the Baishui River in Anshun, Guizhou, Huangguoshu National Park is centred at Huangguoshu Waterfall which is 83 metres in width and 67 meters in height. There are 18 waterfalls in all with different kinds of sizes. All the waterfalls form a great “family”, which is considered as the largest waterfall group in the world in the Guinness Book of World Records. Huangguoshu Waterfall got its name because of a local plant named the Yellow Fruit Tree. It is famous for its greatness and the waterfall group. This waterfall is the only waterfall to be watched at different angles (角度) for 360 degrees. As early as in the Ming Dynasty, the famous traveler Xu Xiake praised Huangguoshu Waterfall as “The shadows are floating in the air, the coldness is falling on the Milky Way in the sky.” Many of you may know one of the four Chinese classics called Journey to the West, which tells the story about a monk (和尚) named Xuan Zang. The emperor in Tang Dynasty wishes him to travel west and bring something back to China. And the monk accepts the task and sets off with his helpers. There are many famous scenes shooting in Huangguoshu Waterfall Scenic Area (景区). You can have fun at Water-Curtain Cave where is the home of the Monkey King, and Gaolao Zhuang is the place for the Pigsy carrying his wife. All of these will recall (召回) your beautiful memories about Journey to the West. 根据语篇内容做出判断，正确选A、错误选B。 36．Huangguoshu Waterfall is the largest waterfall in the world. 37．Huangguoshu Waterfall is 67 metres wide and 83 meters high. 38．Huangguoshu Waterfall named after a local plant—the Yellow Fruit Tree. 39．The writer mentions Journey to the West because its writer wrote a poem about Huangguoshu Waterfall in it. 40．From the passage, we can know Huangguoshu Waterfall is Guizhou’s number one natural attraction. 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．A 39．B 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了位于中国贵州的黄果树瀑布的世界地位、地理位置与规模、得名由来，同时提及黄果树瀑布景区是《西游记》多处经典场景的取景地，展现了黄果树瀑布的游览价值与特色。 【详解】36．根据第一段第一句“Huangguoshu Waterfall is...the third largest waterfall in the world.”可知，黄果树瀑布是世界第三大瀑布，题干说是世界最大，故错误。 37．根据第二段第二句“...Huangguoshu Waterfall which is 83 metres in width and 67 meters in height.”可知，瀑布宽83米，高67米。题干将宽和高数据弄反了，故错误。 38．根据第三段第一句“Huangguoshu Waterfall got its name because of a local plant named the Yellow Fruit Tree.”可知，瀑布得名于当地植物黄果树，与题干表述一致，故正确。 39．根据第四、五段内容可知，文中提到《西游记》是因为景区内有水帘洞等拍摄场景，能唤起人们对《西游记》的记忆，而非因为作者在书中写了关于瀑布的诗（写诗赞美的是明代旅行家徐霞客），故错误。 40．根据第一段最后一句“It is Guizhou’s number one natural attraction.”可知，黄果树瀑布是贵州第一自然景观，与题干表述一致，故正确。 ( C ) To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees. 41 Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. 42 but a Chinese climbing team decided to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. 43 Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a. m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. 44 Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder (梯子)” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a Chinese research team went to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres. 45 Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English pioneer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”! A．Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. B．This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. C．Many climbers try their best to reach the top every year. D．Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, E．The weather on Qomolangma is always sunny and warm. F．People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. G．Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. 【答案】41．G 42．D 43．F 44．B 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了中国登山队首次从北坡登顶珠穆朗玛峰的历程，以及后续中国登山队的相关成就。 41．前文提到珠穆朗玛峰上温度可降至零下30度，此处需要进一步说明登山者还需应对稀薄空气、高耸悬崖和多变的天气。选项G“Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather”点明登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和多变的天气，与前后文共同描述登山的艰难条件。 42．前文提到1960年之前无人能从北侧登顶珠峰，后文提到一支中国登山队决定尝试攀登，此处需要说明该路线非常危险。选项D“Mountain climbers even called that way the ‘Death Road’”点明登山者甚至称那条路为“死亡之路”，与前后文衔接自然。 43．前文提到登山队员到达海拔8600米的“第二台阶”，后文描述刘连满让队友踩在他的肩膀上艰难攀爬，此处需要说明此处高得连鸟都飞不过去。选项F“People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it”点明人们说它太高了，甚至鸟儿都飞不到，与前后文逻辑连贯。 44．前文提到1975年另一支中国登山队登顶进行科研，后文提到直到2007年几乎所有从北坡攀登的登山者都使用这个“中国梯”更快登顶，此处需要说明这次他们带了一个梯子到第二台阶。选项B“This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step”点明这次他们带了一个梯子到第二台阶，与前后文形成因果和说明关系。 45．后文提到一些登山者成功登顶但许多人失败，并探讨人们为何仍冒着生命危险攀登珠峰，此处需要说明攀登珠峰是危险的。选项A“Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous”点明攀登珠穆朗玛峰是危险的，与后文形成转折关系，为探讨人们为何仍愿冒险做铺垫。 ( D ) The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders of the world and also a famous symbol of ancient engineering. It is in the north of China. The Great Wall is very long, covering thousands of kilometres across mountains, deserts, and plains (平原). The construction (建设) of the Great Wall began in the 7th century BC． Each brick (砖块) and stone tells its long story. Over the centuries, many dynasties continued to build and strengthen it. The Great Wall is not one continuous wall. It is made up of many sections. The main part of the Great Wall was built with bricks, stones, earth and wood. It winds(蜿蜒) its way through mountains,deserts, grasslands, and plateaus (高原). As an old saying goes,“He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” Walking along the Great Wall, you can’t help but feel a connection to history, almost walking in the shoes of those soldiers. Nowadays, millions of tourists from all over the world visit the Great Wall every year. They want to learn more about China’s history. Some people even like to hike along the Great Wall to experience its beauty. 46．Where is the Great Wall? _______________________________________ 47．When did the construction of the Great Wall begin? _______________________________________ 48．Is the Great Wall one continuous wall? ______________________________________ 49．What was the main part of the Great Wall built with? ______________________________________ 50．Why do millions of tourists visit the Great Wall every year? ______________________________________ 【答案】46．It is in the north of China. 47．In the 7th century BC. 48．No, it isn’t. 49．Bricks, stones, earth and wood. 50．Because they want to learn more about China’s history. 【导语】本文主要介绍长城是世界奇迹与古代工程标志，依次介绍地理位置、始建时间、构造特点、相关俗语以及如今游客游览长城的缘由。 【详解】 46．原文第一段明确写明“It is in the north of China.”，属于原文细节信息，直接提取作答。 47．原文第二段首句标注“The construction of the Great Wall began in the 7th century BC.”，为原文时间细节，直接提取。 48．原文第三段第一句写明“The Great Wall is not one continuous wall.”，依据原文原句做一般疑问句否定回答即No, it isn’t.。 49．原文第三段第二句“The main part of the Great Wall was built with bricks, stones, earth and wood.”，答案是原文直接信息。 50．原文最后一段说明“They want to learn more about China’s history.”，部分游客还为欣赏美景徒步游览，核心原因取自原句内容。 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) connect     feel     one     be     do     most     he     good     problem     nature Nature always surprises us with its amazing wonders. Among all the natural wonders, coastal cliffs are the 51 fantastic. They stand strongly by the sea and face wind and waves every year. I 52 saw coastal cliffs during a family trip to Qingdao. When I stood on the top of the cliff, I looked down and saw the blue sea hit the rocks. The view was so beautiful that I couldn’t say anything. I 53 small in front of such great beauty. I like coastal cliffs very much because they show 54 power (力量). Wind and water have changed them for millions of years, but they are still strong. This teaches me to be brave when I meet 55 in life. My uncle taught 56 to take photos. He often takes photos of wetlands and glaciers. He says they are important for the environment. And there 57 many natural wonders in danger because of pollution (污染) and over-development. We must 58 something to protect them. Exploring natural wonders is a good way to 59 with nature. It makes us love the beauty of the world and encourages us to protect it 60 . Let’s cherish all gifts from nature and leave them to future generations (子孙后代). 【答案】 51．most 52．first 53．felt 54．nature’s 55．problems 56．himself 57．are 58．do 59．connect 60．well 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在青岛看到海岸悬崖的经历和感受，以及由此引发的对自然奇观的思考，呼吁人们保护自然。 【详解】51．句意：在所有自然奇观中，海岸悬崖是最奇妙的。“Among all the natural wonders”表示范围，此处需用形容词最高级，most fantastic表示“最奇妙的”。 52．句意：在一次去青岛的家庭旅行中，我第一次看到了海岸悬崖。此处表示“第一次”，结合所给词，用one的副词形式first。 53．句意：在如此壮丽的美景前，我感到自己很渺小。句子缺少谓语动词，此处表示“感觉渺小”，用 feel“感觉”，且句子为一般过去时，feel的过去式为felt。 54．句意：我非常喜欢海岸悬崖，因为它们展现了大自然的力量。此处表示“大自然的力量”，修饰名词power需用所有格，nature’s“自然的”，符合语境。 55．句意：这教会我在生活中遇到问题时要勇敢。meet后接名词作宾语，上文说“要勇敢”，说明此处指问题或者困难，用problem“难题”，且用复数形式problems表示泛指。 56．句意：我的叔叔自学了拍照。动词taught后接人称代词宾格，此处表示叔叔教自己拍照，he的反身代词形式为himself“他自己”。 57．句意：并且由于污染和过度开发，有许多自然奇观正处于危险之中。此处为there be句型，主语many natural wonders是复数，句子为一般现在时，be动词用are。 58．句意：我们必须做些什么来保护它们。“to protect them”说明此处是做一些事情，用do“做”，情态动词must后接动词原形。 59．句意：探索自然奇观是与自然建立联系的好方式。固定搭配connect with表示“与……联系”，此处为动词不定式，to后用原形。 60．句意：它让我们热爱世界之美，并鼓励我们好好保护它。此处修饰动词protect需用副词，good的副词形式为well“很好地”。 六、短文填空 The West Lake is 61 unusual natural wonder in China. It is the 62 (great) place to relax among all local scenic spots. It covers hundreds of square 63 (kilometre). The lake is 3 metres 64 depth and the water is clean all year round. Nowadays, many students face great study pressure. They are usually upset and nervous on school days. We will not enjoy our trip fully 65 we slow down and enjoy the views. Some teenagers care too much about their grades and they are too hard on 66 (they) all the time. When you walk around the West Lake, you can forget all your worries 67 (successful). The wonderful trip also 68 (include) green trees, lovely birds and quiet paths. We can spend much time 69 (walk) slowly along the bank and feel 70 (relax). 【答案】 61．an 62．greatest 63．kilometres 64．in 65．unless 66．themselves 67．successfully 68．includes 69．walking 70．relaxed 【导语】本文介绍杭州西湖的自然特点，并建议学生在压力大时通过游览西湖放松身心。 【详解】61．句意：西湖是中国一个不寻常的自然奇观。空格后“unusual natural wonder”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个”，需用不定冠词修饰；unusual以元音音素开头，故用an。 62．句意：它是当地所有景点中最佳的放松场所。空格前“the”后需接形容词最高级，great的最高级是greatest。 63．句意：它占地数百平方公里。“hundreds of”后需接可数名词复数，kilometre的复数形式是kilometres。 64．句意：湖的深度为3米，且全年水质清澈。“in depth”是介词短语，意为“在深度方面”，为固定搭配。 65．句意：除非我们放慢速度欣赏风景，否则无法充分享受旅行。空格后是完整句子，与主句构成条件关系，表示“除非”，需用从属连词unless引导条件状语从句。 66．句意：一些青少年过于在乎成绩，并且他们对自己一直过于苛刻。“be hard on oneself”是形容词短语，意为“对自己苛刻”，主语是“they”，需用反身代词themselves。 67．句意：……你可以成功地忘记所有的烦恼。空格处修饰动词“forget”，需用副词作状语，表示“成功地”，successful的副词形式是successfully。 68．句意：美妙的旅行还包括绿树、可爱的鸟儿和安静的小路。主语“The wonderful trip”是第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，include的第三人称单数形式是includes。 69．句意：我们可以花很长时间沿着湖岸慢慢散步，感到放松。“spend time (in) doing sth.”是动词短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，walk的动名词形式是walking。 70．句意：我们可以花很长时间沿着湖岸慢慢散步，感到放松。“feel”是系动词，后需接形容词作表语，表示“感到放松的”，relax的形容词形式是relaxed，描述人的感受。 七、书面表达 71．请你以“The World’s Wonders”为题,写一篇短文,介绍世界自然奇观，如山脉、河流、湖泊等。内容包括： (1)介绍至少两个自然奇观及其特点(如高度、面积等)； (2)表达你对这些自然奇观的感受。 要求：(1)词数不少于80； (2)语句通顺，意思连贯，可适当发挥。 The World’s Wonders ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The World’s Wonders There are many amazing natural wonders in the world. Let’s talk about two of them. First, Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, with a height of 8,848.86 metres. Climbing it is really difficult because of the terrible weather. Another great wonder is the Nile. It is the longest river in the world, 6,671 kilometres long. It provides water for many people and helps plants grow well. These natural wonders are so wonderful. They show us how amazing our planet is. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，介绍自然景观，全文以一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍至少两处世界自然奇观（高度、长度、面积等）、抒发个人对自然奇观的感想 确定人称：第三人称介绍景物、第一人称抒发感受 注意事项：词数≥80 词，行文连贯流畅，信息数据准确 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构 开头段：总起句，点明地球上拥有数不胜数的自然奇观，引出下文将要介绍两处景观 主体段：分两点依次介绍两处自然奇观 结尾段：总结景观的壮美，抒发内心感慨、赞美大自然，升华主旨 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：开篇总起 引入主题：many amazing natural wonders in the world/plenty of fantastic natural wonders all over the world/filled with unbelievable natural wonders等 要点二：第一处自然奇观 山脉优选：Mount Qomolangma 基础信息：the highest mountain on Earth/a height of 8,848.86 metres等 特殊天气：freezing cold weather/thin air/steep rocky surface等 要点三：第二处自然奇观 河流优选：The Nile 基础信息：the longest river in the world/6,671 kilometres long等 主要特点：provides water for many people/helps plants grow well/runs across several African countries/feed farmland along banks等 要点四：个人感受 表达感叹：so wonderful/how amazing/proud of the great power of nature等 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $