专题03 完形填空（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪教版

**基本信息** 以基础巩固与强化提高为梯度，通过社会现象、情感认知等多元主题语篇，系统考查学生在语境中运用词汇、理解逻辑关系的语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础巩固|3篇（失业与创业、愤怒合理性、面试应答）|基础词汇辨析，上下文逻辑推理，聚焦单句及段落内语义衔接|围绕社会问题解决、情感道德判断、职场沟通策略，构建"现象描述-原因分析-解决方案"的逻辑链条，培养信息获取与分析能力| |强化提高|2篇（博物馆票价、机器人与人类）|复杂语境词汇运用，长难句理解，跨段落逻辑关联，涉及文化、科技主题|从文化机构运营到科技伦理探讨，深化"问题提出-多方观点-影响评估"的思维路径，提升批判性思维与跨文化理解能力|

专题04 完形填空专项（期末复习专项训练） 【基础巩固】 Passage 1 Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals __ 21__ to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labor if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. __22__, without opportunities for reasonable work, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community's well-being. Unemployment creates many different problems for communities. Encouraging people to start businesses is an effective way to reduce unemployment, and this can be done in several ways. Education plays a vital role in __23__ people for certain jobs, but many young people find that even if they are __24__, the jobs are just not there. This was the situation that Rwandan entrepreneur Noel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated from university with a degree in soil and environmental science, he sent out application after application but received no job offers, so he turned to creating his own business. With three of his colleagues, he founded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes. __25__, one of the company's programs processes waste and turns it into organic fertilizer used by local farmers. The company has also __26__ into plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is providing materials for other industries as well. 21. A. equipping B. promoting C. persuading D. recognizing 22. A. accepted B. qualified C. recommended D. informed 23. A. For example B. In addition C. As a result D. Above all 24. A. changed B. adapted C. enriched D. expanded Greencare Rwanda Ltd was able to __27__ the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme. This program is a(n) __28__ to reach the UN's sustainable development goal of "decent work and economic growth. "The assistance __29__ helped Greencare, which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year. It also employs 25 people, which shows that helping people start businesses provides work for more than just the person who receives the funds. 25. A. put off B. give off C. get off D. take off 26. A. standard B. attempt C. consequence D. success 27. A. definitely B. positively C. negatively D. specifically All this raises the question of what more can be done to __30__ young people to start their own businesses. Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important as the starting costs for businesses can be __31__ high. Governments are sometimes hesitant to provide funds to startups because success is not __32__. Starting a business is risky, and nobody wants to waste money, but experts __33__ that governments should not impose too many requirements. Different regions will need different __34__, so trying to impose a set of one size fits all requirements can restrict growth rather than promote it. While there are other ways to address unemployment, __35__ young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities. 28. A. employ B. enable C. educate D. force 29. A. objectively B. subjectively C. automatically D. extremely 30. A. imitated B. predicted C. guaranteed D. achieved 31. A. warn B. command C. promise D. threaten 32. A. requirements B. approaches C. features D. advantages 33. A. charging B. forbidding C. permitting D. encouraging Passage 2 When is anger justified? Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when? One of the most foundational understandings of 21 comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there’s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it’s up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it.  22 , let’s say you’re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely 23 . But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take? To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you 24 talked to your neighbor about this issue? Is it a reasonable time to be playing music? Is your neighbor trying to 25 you, or are they just enjoying their evening? 21. A. motion B. passion C. urge D. anger 22. A. In conclusion B. However C. What’s more D. For example 23. A. exceptional B. understandable C. useless D. tragic 24. A. remotely B. reluctantly C. previously D. ultimately 25. A. upset B. conquer C. imitate D. motivate Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling 26 conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to 27 for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is 28 . No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable 29 for your frustration.  26. A. commercial B. domestic C. cultural D. interpersonal 27. A. consult B. blame C. reject D. hide 28. A. discovered B. locked C. untouched D. exploded 29. A. target B. boundary C. position D. reason Although it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other 30 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so 31 it would harm our social lives and moral communities. 30. A. accountable B. adorable C. memorable D. sustainable 31. A. expressing B. removing C. releasing D. following But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be 32 . For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be 33 to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults. So when should you 34 anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is 35 polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress (压制) your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action.  32. A. simple B. dangerous C. tricky D. sufficient 33. A. mature B. wise C. easy D. wrong 34. A. bring down B. act on C. bottle up D. hold back 35. A. illegally B. remotely C. steadily D. inevitably Passage 3 “So …tell me about yourself. ” The toughest job interview question may seem like a softball from the interviewer’s perspective: It seems____21____because it feels like a free pass: no request for real-life examples, no technical challenge, not even the feared “What’s your biggest fault? ”Just…tell me anything. Receiving such an open invitation invites more ____22____than opportunities, because you’re given no framework for your response —just a blank, clue-free paper. I often see this____23____situation in my point-making workshops: communicating without a point. What your prospective employer most needs from you is a point (“I am an important asset (资产) to the company”), not a____24____ (“All about me”). But how do you get from the interviewer’s broad question to a specific and____25____point? Start with realizing that your interviewer already knows your job history thanks to your resume (简历). So you should be more than your____26____. Remember that interviews are more about making strong____27____than proving qualifications. This is a two-step process that will require some homework. First, identify what the organization specifically needs from this role. Second, ____28____your response to position yourself as the best person to fill that need. Identifying the organization’s need means examining the job description like a treasure map. Phrases like “required, ”“must have, ”and “highly desired” mean what they say, so____29____those in your planning. Items further down the list or labeled “preferred” may be less important, even if you meet those standards. The____30____of a job description can be telling as well. Descriptions that sound personal, or come right out and say “sense of humor preferred” indicate a workplace where people like to have fun. ____31____, a very formal job posting might indicate a conservative workplace where people are expected to be serious about the work. Pulling from these soures, write down the three personal qualities they’re most looking for like “self-starter, ” “team player, ”or “interest in healthcare”. Now change the____32____slightly to “I’m a self-starter” or “At work, my approach is ... ” Then pick a story from your professional life that____33____you filling that particular need of the job. Feel free to add details, but don’t____34____the primary elements. Assume they can smell a lie from a mile away, whether they can or can’t. In this way, you should do more than just widen eyes in the room. Why? Because you’ve matched who you are and your personal story with the company’s brand and primary need. You didn’t just tell them about you;you pointed out why you____35____to them. 21. A. hard B. easy C. huge D. small 22. A. missions B. joys C. comments D. risks 23. A. unlikely B. favourable. C. problematic D. competent 24. A. book report B. phone call C. desk lamp D. lunch break 25. A. declared B. tailored. C. rejected D. assessed 26. A. profile B. criterion C. dimension D. nickname 27. A. transitions B. judgments C. matches D. distributions 28. A. stabilize B. customize C. memorize D. authorize 29. A. diversify B. approve C. delete D. highlight 30. A. tone B. format C. picture D. length 31. A. For instance B. By contrast C. After all D. In addition 32. A. blogging B. networking C. messaging D. wording 33. A. illustrates B. suspends C. dismisses D. circulates 34. A. make up B. put off C. break down D. get through 35. A. submitted B. extended C. mattered D. shifted 【强化提高】 “It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free,” said Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in 2002, when a ticket to MOMA cost $12. In October MOMA started charging $30, the latest in a series of price ___21___ involving the Metropolitan Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on. Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe, too. Prices have remained ___22___ only in Asia and the Middle East, where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous. Ticket fees may seem high, particularly in destination cities where tourists are ___23___ to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars. But whatever museums ___24___ , it is not covering their operating costs. The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total ___25___ at American art museums. Memberships contributed another 7%. The ___26___ of budgets usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations. European museums are less ___27___ admissions fees, because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments. All national institutions in Britain offer free admission, as do most state-run museums in China while in America some 30% are free. Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging for ___28___ entirely. ___29___ price s go against museums’ goal of sharing art with a more diverse public. They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries. Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support. Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who ____30____ government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years. Those who spend time inside museums’galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to ____31____ their own riches in them. Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to ____32____ new audiences either. If tickets were free, “people who typically come anyway might come more often. ____33____ that, you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构), says an economist who studies pricing in the arts. He ____34____ museums to the best American university: Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all, but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries(受益者). As museums throughout the West debate what price is right, most are unlikely to conclude the answer is ____35____, “moral duty” or not. 21. A. lists B. rises C. controls D. wars 22. A. ascending B. flexible C. awe-inspiring D. stable 23. A. unlikely B. supposed C. dissatisfied D. bound 24. A. promote B. submit C. charge D. exhibit 25. A. attendance B. donation C. operation D. revenue 26. A. motivation B. remainder C. generosity D. mixture 27. A. reliant on B. resistant to C. pessimistic about D. tolerant of 28 A. survival B. budgets C. collections D. admission 29. A. Floating B. Discounted C. Ballooning D. Competitive 30. A. contribute to B. vote against C. count on D. despair of 31. A. invest B. evaluate C. anchor D. assemble 32. A. discourage B. relieve C. attract D. entitle 33. A. With a view to B. Apart from C. Contrary to D. For fear of 34. A. credits B. attaches C. refers D. compares 35. A. zero B. both C. wrong D. above Science fiction often envisions a world with robots. In the cartoon The Jetsons, Rosie the robot is a beloved, helpful servant. By contrast, in the film Minority Report (2002), spider-like robots efficiently search for a suspect, highlighting a(n) ____41____ side. These stories make us wonder whether robots will be our friends or enemies. Dr. David Hanson, a robot designer, thinks robots can be our friends, but not if they look and act like spiders. To make robots more ___42____ to humans, he is working on a long-term project to develop robots that understand you and build a relationship. To do this, robots must be able to see your face, distinguish you from others, and ____43____ your moods. ___44____, these sociable robots must be able to make appropriate facial expressions. They must look similar to humans. Several of Hanson’s robots are incredibly ___45____. His Albert Hurno robot consists of a head, which he developed, and a walking robot body. The head looks just like the famous physicist Albert Einstein and has amazingly ___46____ facial expressions. But more importantly, it makes these expressions according to how people around it behave. In a demonstration at the Technology Entertainment Design (TED) Conference in Long Beach, California in 2009, Hanson’s robot smiled and frowned (皱眉) ___47___ Hanson’s facial expressions. The robots also need to ___48___ facial expressions quickly. At the Machine Perception Laboratory at the University of California at San Diego, researchers are developing technology that can detect and ____49____ human faces. Working with that group, Hanson developed the Character Engine, software that allows the machine to figure out where people are looking, track head positions, and learn facial expressions. And of course the robots must be able to ___50___ and give relevant responses. Sometimes Hanson’s robots give answers that seem memorized. The question “Do you think?” often gets a lighthearted response, highlighting that much of human conversation is ___51___ and doesn’t require deep thought. But as the robot learns more about us, it uses that knowledge and information from the Internet to ____52_____ new things to say. Are friendly robots ___53_____ ? Sherry Turkle, a psychologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thinks so. In her book, Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (2011), she warns that robots may disappoint us and leave us lonelier if they take our attention away from human friends. Turkle’s concerns may seem overstated. The same ____54_____, after all, could be made about books or television. But before ____55_____ her, are you sure you will be able to resist those big adorable robot eyes hanging on every word you say? In the end, we may be better served by scary spiders than a lovable Rosie. 41. A. safer B. opener C. funnier D. darker 42. A. unique B. acceptable C. available D. mysterious 43. A. create B. disturb C. understand D. ignore 44. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Initially 45. A. lifelike B. mindless C. tremendous D. dependent 46. A. reluctant B. realistic C. false D. strange 47. A. in response to B. on behalf of C. in place of D. with regard to 48. A. imitate B. invite C. obtain D. recognize 49. A. paint B. adjust C. follow D. brighten 50. A. move B. speak C. laugh D. work 51. A. complicated B. predictable C. necessary D. believable 52. A. come up with B. make up for C. run out of D. look forward to 53. A. dangerous B. meaningful C. purposeless D. strategic 54. A. inquiry B. decision C. choice D. complaint 55. A. identifying B. restricting C. dismissing D. representing 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 完形填空专项（期末复习专项训练） 【基础巩固】 Passage 1 Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals __ 21__ to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labor if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. __22__, without opportunities for reasonable work, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community's well-being. Unemployment creates many different problems for communities. Encouraging people to start businesses is an effective way to reduce unemployment, and this can be done in several ways. Education plays a vital role in __23__ people for certain jobs, but many young people find that even if they are __24__, the jobs are just not there. This was the situation that Rwandan entrepreneur Noel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated from university with a degree in soil and environmental science, he sent out application after application but received no job offers, so he turned to creating his own business. With three of his colleagues, he founded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes. __25__, one of the company's programs processes waste and turns it into organic fertilizer used by local farmers. The company has also __26__ into plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is providing materials for other industries as well. 21. A. equipping B. promoting C. persuading D. recognizing 22. A. accepted B. qualified C. recommended D. informed 23. A. For example B. In addition C. As a result D. Above all 24. A. changed B. adapted C. enriched D. expanded Greencare Rwanda Ltd was able to __27__ the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme. This program is a(n) __28__ to reach the UN's sustainable development goal of "decent work and economic growth. "The assistance __29__ helped Greencare, which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year. It also employs 25 people, which shows that helping people start businesses provides work for more than just the person who receives the funds. 25. A. put off B. give off C. get off D. take off 26. A. standard B. attempt C. consequence D. success 27. A. definitely B. positively C. negatively D. specifically All this raises the question of what more can be done to __30__ young people to start their own businesses. Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important as the starting costs for businesses can be __31__ high. Governments are sometimes hesitant to provide funds to startups because success is not __32__. Starting a business is risky, and nobody wants to waste money, but experts __33__ that governments should not impose too many requirements. Different regions will need different __34__, so trying to impose a set of one size fits all requirements can restrict growth rather than promote it. While there are other ways to address unemployment, __35__ young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities. 28. A. employ B. enable C. educate D. force 29. A. objectively B. subjectively C. automatically D. extremely 30. A. imitated B. predicted C. guaranteed D. achieved 31. A. warn B. command C. promise D. threaten 32. A. requirements B. approaches C. features D. advantages 33. A. charging B. forbidding C. permitting D. encouraging 【答案】 21. C. struggle 解析：考查动词辨析与固定搭配。句意为 “没有稳定工作，人们艰难摆脱贫困，整个社区也会蒙受损失”。struggle to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “艰难奋力做某事”，精准体现了无业者脱离贫困的艰难处境。故选 C。 22. D. Worse 解析：考查上下文逻辑衔接。前文阐述了失业的负面影响，后文进一步指出年轻人因缺乏工作机会走向犯罪暴力，是更严重的后果。Worse（更糟的是）用于递进引出更恶劣的情况，符合语境。故选 D。 23. A. equipping 解析：考查动词辨析与固定搭配。句意为 “教育在让人们具备胜任特定工作的能力方面起到关键作用”。equip sb. for sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “使某人具备胜任某事的能力，培养适配岗位的技能”，契合教育与就业的关联。故选 A。 24. B. qualified 解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为 “但很多年轻人发现，即便自己具备资质，对应的岗位也根本不存在”。qualified 意为 “有资质的、符合任职要求的”，精准匹配 “满足岗位条件却无岗可上” 的语境。故选 B。 25. A. For example 解析：考查逻辑衔接短语。前文介绍了 Greencare Rwanda 公司能将废料转化为各类产品，后文是该公司具体项目的实例说明。For example（例如）用于举例佐证前文内容，逻辑衔接自然。故选 A。 26. D. expanded 解析：考查动词辨析与固定搭配。句意为 “这家公司还拓展业务到塑料回收领域，利用沙子和塑料生产铺路材料”。expand into 是固定搭配，意为 “拓展进入（新业务领域）”，体现了公司业务版图的扩张。故选 D。 27. D. take off 解析：考查短语动词辨析。句意为 “Greencare Rwanda 公司能大幅起步腾飞，很大程度得益于联合国青年联合项目提供的资金”。take off 可表示 “（企业、事业）起步迅猛发展、腾飞”，契合企业获得资金后快速发展的语境。故选 D。 28. B. attempt 解析：考查名词辨析。句意为 “该项目是实现联合国‘体面工作与经济增长’可持续发展目标的一次尝试”。attempt 意为 “尝试、努力”，精准表达了项目是朝着目标推进的实践，而非已达成的结果。故选 B。 29. A. definitely 解析：考查副词辨析。句意为 “这项援助确实帮助了 Greencare 公司，该公司如今每年能生产 400 吨化肥和 2560 平方米铺路材料”。 definitely 意为 “毫无疑问地、确实地”，用于强调援助起到的切实作用，语气符合语境。故选 A。 30. B. enable 解析：考查动词辨析与固定搭配。句意为 “这就引出了一个问题：还能做更多事来使年轻人能够创办自己的企业吗？”enable sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “使某人能够做某事”，契合扶持年轻人创业的语境。故选 B。 31. D. extremely 解析：考查副词辨析。句意为 “像联合国青年联合项目为 Nizeyimana 提供资金覆盖启动成本这件事十分关键，因为企业启动成本可能极其高昂”。extremely 意为 “极其、非常”，用于修饰形容词high，体现启动成本的高昂程度。故选 D。 32. C. guaranteed 解析：考查动词辨析。句意为 “政府有时犹豫给初创企业提供资金，因为创业成功无法被保证”。guaranteed 意为 “被担保、被保证”，精准表达了创业的不确定性，契合政府顾虑的逻辑。故选 C。 33. A. warn 解析：考查动词辨析。句意为 “创业有风险，没人想浪费资金，但专家提醒政府不应该设置过多硬性要求”。warn 意为 “警告、提醒”，契合专家针对创业风险给政府提出建议的语境。 干扰项：command（命令）、promise（承诺）、threaten（威胁）均不符合专家的身份和语气。 故选 A。 34. B. approaches 解析：考查名词辨析。句意为 “不同地区需要不同的方法策略，强行一刀切的要求会限制增长而非促进增长”。approaches 意为 “方法、处理方式”，契合 “因地制宜调整扶持方式” 的语境。故选 B。 35. D. encouraging 解析：考查非谓语动词与词义辨析。句意为 “虽然解决失业还有其他途径，但鼓励青年创业者是最高效的方式之一”。encouraging 意为 “鼓励”，与全文扶持创业、解决失业的主旨高度契合。故选 D。 Passage 2 When is anger justified? Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when? One of the most foundational understandings of 21 comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there’s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it’s up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it.  22 , let’s say you’re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely 23 . But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take? To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you 24 talked to your neighbor about this issue? Is it a reasonable time to be playing music? Is your neighbor trying to 25 you, or are they just enjoying their evening? 21. A. motion B. passion C. urge D. anger 22. A. In conclusion B. However C. What’s more D. For example 23. A. exceptional B. understandable C. useless D. tragic 24. A. remotely B. reluctantly C. previously D. ultimately 25. A. upset B. conquer C. imitate D. motivate Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling 26 conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to 27 for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is 28 . No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable 29 for your frustration.  26. A. commercial B. domestic C. cultural D. interpersonal 27. A. consult B. blame C. reject D. hide 28. A. discovered B. locked C. untouched D. exploded 29. A. target B. boundary C. position D. reason Although it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other 30 . In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so 31 it would harm our social lives and moral communities. 30. A. accountable B. adorable C. memorable D. sustainable 31. A. expressing B. removing C. releasing D. following But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be 32 . For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be 33 to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults. So when should you 34 anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is 35 polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress (压制) your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action.  32. A. simple B. dangerous C. tricky D. sufficient 33. A. mature B. wise C. easy D. wrong 34. A. bring down B. act on C. bottle up D. hold back 35. A. illegally B. remotely C. steadily D. inevitably 【答案】 21. D. anger 解析：文章开篇以 “愤怒（anger）在道德上是否合理、何时合理” 为核心话题展开，亚里士多德的相关理论正是围绕愤怒情绪的调控提出的。motion（动作）、passion（激情）、urge（冲动）均偏离文章主题。故选 D。 22. D. For example 解析：前文提出亚里士多德关于情绪调控的理论，后文列举 “邻居深夜播放吵闹音乐影响休息” 的具体场景，是用实例佐证理论。In conclusion（总之，表总结）、However（然而，表转折）、What's more（此外，表递进）逻辑不符。故选 D。 23. B. understandable 解析：句意为：你因邻居噪音面临搞砸重要会议的风险，此时感到愤怒是完全可以理解的。exceptional（杰出的 / 例外的）、useless（无用的）、tragic（悲惨的）均不符合语境逻辑。故选 B。 24. C. previously 解析：句意为：你之前和邻居沟通过这件事吗？previously 表示 “先前、此前”，用于排查事前是否沟通的细节。remotely（遥远地）、reluctantly（不情愿地）、ultimately（最终）语义不通。故选 C。 25. A. upset 解析：句意为：邻居是故意惹你心烦，还是只是单纯享受夜晚时光？upset 意为 “使心烦、惹恼”，契合语境。conquer（征服）、imitate（模仿）、motivate（激励）均不符合场景。故选 A。 26. D. interpersonal 解析：前文邻居噪音的例子属于 ** 人际（interpersonal）** 冲突，亚里士多德分情况处理的实践智慧，很适合解决这类人际矛盾。commercial（商业的）、domestic（家庭内部的）、cultural（文化的）范围不匹配。故选 D。 27. B. blame 解析：前文是可以明确责怪对象的人际冲突，本句转折提问：如果没有可以责怪的对象来承接你的愤怒，该怎么办？consult（咨询）、reject（拒绝）、hide（隐藏）语义不符。故选 B。 28. C. untouched 解析：句意为：龙卷风摧毁了你的房子，但邻居的房屋完好无损。untouched 表示 “未被波及、没受损坏”，契合灾害对比场景。discovered（被发现）、locked（被锁住）、exploded（爆炸）不符合语境。故选 C。 29. A. target 解析：句意为：灾难无法挽回，你的沮丧也找不到合适的发泄对象 / 目标。target 在此处指情绪宣泄的对象；boundary（边界）、position（位置）、reason（原因）不合适。故选 A。 30. A. accountable 解析：固定搭配hold sb. accountable意为 “让某人承担责任、追责”，句意为：愤怒能帮助我们表达指责、让彼此为行为负责。adorable（可爱的）、memorable（难忘的）、sustainable（可持续的）无此搭配与语义。故选 A。 31. B. removing 解析：句意为：愤怒能提醒我们不道德事件的发生，所以消除愤怒会损害我们的社交生活和道德社群。removing 表示 “移除、消除”；expressing（表达）、releasing（释放）、following（跟随）逻辑相反。故选 B。 32. C. tricky 解析：句意为：对这些心理预警信号做出恰当回应是很棘手的，后文举例说明愤怒不能乱用，体现了这件事的复杂性。simple（简单的）、dangerous（危险的）、sufficient（充足的）不符合语境。故选 C。 33. D. wrong 解析：句意为：如果监管行为恶劣、无礼的孩子，感到愤怒是自然的，但把他们的道德错误当成成年人的错误来对待就是错误的。mature（成熟的）、wise（明智的）、easy（容易的）语义不符。故选 D。 34. B. act on 解析：句意为：那么你应该何时将愤怒付诸行动？后文提到在不公的情况下压抑愤怒是错误的，要将其转化为积极行动。act on 意为 “按照…… 行动、付诸行动”；bring down（使下降）、bottle up（压抑）、hold back（克制）与后文逻辑不符。故选 B。 35. A. illegally 解析：句意为：你所在社区因附近工厂非法污染水源，正面临严重的健康问题。illegally 意为 “非法地”，契合工厂违规排污、引发不公的语境。remotely（遥远地）、steadily（稳定地）、inevitably（不可避免地）不符合场景。故选 A。 Passage 3 “So …tell me about yourself. ” The toughest job interview question may seem like a softball from the interviewer’s perspective: It seems____21____because it feels like a free pass: no request for real-life examples, no technical challenge, not even the feared “What’s your biggest fault? ”Just…tell me anything. Receiving such an open invitation invites more ____22____than opportunities, because you’re given no framework for your response —just a blank, clue-free paper. I often see this____23____situation in my point-making workshops: communicating without a point. What your prospective employer most needs from you is a point (“I am an important asset (资产) to the company”), not a____24____ (“All about me”). But how do you get from the interviewer’s broad question to a specific and____25____point? Start with realizing that your interviewer already knows your job history thanks to your resume (简历). So you should be more than your____26____. Remember that interviews are more about making strong____27____than proving qualifications. This is a two-step process that will require some homework. First, identify what the organization specifically needs from this role. Second, ____28____your response to position yourself as the best person to fill that need. Identifying the organization’s need means examining the job description like a treasure map. Phrases like “required, ”“must have, ”and “highly desired” mean what they say, so____29____those in your planning. Items further down the list or labeled “preferred” may be less important, even if you meet those standards. The____30____of a job description can be telling as well. Descriptions that sound personal, or come right out and say “sense of humor preferred” indicate a workplace where people like to have fun. ____31____, a very formal job posting might indicate a conservative workplace where people are expected to be serious about the work. Pulling from these soures, write down the three personal qualities they’re most looking for like “self-starter, ” “team player, ”or “interest in healthcare”. Now change the____32____slightly to “I’m a self-starter” or “At work, my approach is ... ” Then pick a story from your professional life that____33____you filling that particular need of the job. Feel free to add details, but don’t____34____the primary elements. Assume they can smell a lie from a mile away, whether they can or can’t. In this way, you should do more than just widen eyes in the room. Why? Because you’ve matched who you are and your personal story with the company’s brand and primary need. You didn’t just tell them about you;you pointed out why you____35____to them. 21. A. hard B. easy C. huge D. small 22. A. missions B. joys C. comments D. risks 23. A. unlikely B. favourable. C. problematic D. competent 24. A. book report B. phone call C. desk lamp D. lunch break 25. A. declared B. tailored. C. rejected D. assessed 26. A. profile B. criterion C. dimension D. nickname 27. A. transitions B. judgments C. matches D. distributions 28. A. stabilize B. customize C. memorize D. authorize 29. A. diversify B. approve C. delete D. highlight 30. A. tone B. format C. picture D. length 31. A. For instance B. By contrast C. After all D. In addition 32. A. blogging B. networking C. messaging D. wording 33. A. illustrates B. suspends C. dismisses D. circulates 34. A. make up B. put off C. break down D. get through 35. A. submitted B. extended C. mattered D. shifted 【答案】21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.A 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.C 21. B. easy 解析：前文提到面试官视角下，“说说你自己” 这类问题看似是 “软球”（简单问题），后文也补充说明它没有真实案例、技术难题或 “最大缺点” 这类挑战，因此看起来是简单的。故选 B。 22. D. risks 解析：后文提到 “你没有回答框架，就像一张空白、无提示的纸”，这种开放式提问自由度极高，反而比机会带来更多风险，容易答偏、答空。故选 D。 23. C. problematic 解析：后文直接点明这种情况是 “communicating without a point（没有核心要点的沟通）”，这类沟通在求职面试中是有问题的、成问题的，也是作者在工作坊中常见的误区。故选 C。 24. A. book report 解析：雇主需要的是你传递 “我是公司的重要资产” 这一核心观点，而不是像写读书报告一样，泛泛讲 “关于我自己的一切”。这里用book report比喻无重点、流水账式的自我介绍。故选 A。 25. B. tailored 解析：前文提到要从宽泛的问题转向具体的观点，这里强调这个观点需要是量身定制的，贴合岗位需求、匹配雇主期望。故选 B。 26. A. profile 解析：前文提到面试官已经通过简历了解了你的工作经历，因此你的面试表现不能只是重复简历上的个人概况，需要展现简历之外的价值。故选 A。 27. C. matches 解析：后文提到面试的核心是证明你和岗位的适配性，因此面试更看重建立你与岗位之间的匹配度，而非单纯证明资质。故选 C。 28. B. customize 解析：前文提到第一步要明确岗位需求，第二步则是定制你的回答，让自己看起来是满足该需求的最佳人选。故选 B。 29. D. highlight 解析：岗位描述中 “required（必备）”“must have（必须具备）”“highly desired（高度期望）” 这类要求是核心要点，你在准备回答时需要重点突出这些内容。故选 D。 30. A. tone 解析：后文区分了两种不同的招聘文案风格：一种提到 “prefer a sense of humor（偏爱幽默感）”，另一种则非常正式，这说明岗位描述的语气、基调也能透露企业文化。故选 A。 31. B. By contrast 解析：前文描述了轻松活泼的岗位描述，后文描述了正式保守的招聘公告，二者是鲜明的对比关系，因此用By contrast（相比之下）衔接。故选 B。 32. D. wording 解析：前文提到先列出岗位需要的个人特质（如 “self-starter”），这里说要把这些特质的措辞微调，改成以第一人称表述的句子（如 “I’m a self-starter”）。故选 D。 33. A. illustrates 解析：后文提到要从职场经历中选一个故事，这个故事需要例证、说明你能满足岗位的特定需求。故选 A。 34. A. make up 解析：前文提到可以补充细节，后文又说面试官很容易识破谎言，因此此处强调不要编造核心内容。故选 A。 35. C. mattered 解析：前文提到面试的核心是证明你与公司的匹配度，因此你不只是自我介绍，更要点明你为什么对他们来说重要、有价值。故选 C。 【强化提高】 “It’s almost a moral duty that museums should be free,” said Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in 2002, when a ticket to MOMA cost $12. In October MOMA started charging $30, the latest in a series of price ___21___ involving the Metropolitan Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on. Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe, too. Prices have remained ___22___ only in Asia and the Middle East, where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous. Ticket fees may seem high, particularly in destination cities where tourists are ___23___ to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars. But whatever museums ___24___ , it is not covering their operating costs. The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total ___25___ at American art museums. Memberships contributed another 7%. The ___26___ of budgets usually come from charitable donations, grants and retail operations. European museums are less ___27___ admissions fees, because they are often heavily subsidized (补助) by governments. All national institutions in Britain offer free admission, as do most state-run museums in China while in America some 30% are free. Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry’s call for museum to stop charging for ___28___ entirely. ___29___ price s go against museums’ goal of sharing art with a more diverse public. They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries. Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support. Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who ____30____ government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years. Those who spend time inside museums’galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to ____31____ their own riches in them. Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to ____32____ new audiences either. If tickets were free, “people who typically come anyway might come more often. ____33____ that, you’re not really changing your demographic (观众结构), says an economist who studies pricing in the arts. He ____34____ museums to the best American university: Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all, but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries(受益者). As museums throughout the West debate what price is right, most are unlikely to conclude the answer is ____35____, “moral duty” or not. 21. A. lists B. rises C. controls D. wars 22. A. ascending B. flexible C. awe-inspiring D. stable 23. A. unlikely B. supposed C. dissatisfied D. bound 24. A. promote B. submit C. charge D. exhibit 25. A. attendance B. donation C. operation D. revenue 26. A. motivation B. remainder C. generosity D. mixture 27. A. reliant on B. resistant to C. pessimistic about D. tolerant of 28 A. survival B. budgets C. collections D. admission 29. A. Floating B. Discounted C. Ballooning D. Competitive 30. A. contribute to B. vote against C. count on D. despair of 31. A. invest B. evaluate C. anchor D. assemble 32. A. discourage B. relieve C. attract D. entitle 33. A. With a view to B. Apart from C. Contrary to D. For fear of 34. A. credits B. attaches C. refers D. compares 35. A. zero B. both C. wrong D. above 21. B. rises 前文提到票价从 12 美元涨到 30 美元，此处指一系列票价上涨。pricerises 票价上涨：list 清单，control 控制，war 竞争，均不符。故选B. 22. D. stable 欧洲票价上涨，而亚洲和中东地区票价保持稳定。ascending 上升的，flexible 灵活的，awe-inspiring 令人惊叹的。故选D。 23. A. unlikely 在旅游城市，游客不太可能因为多花几美元就却步。be unlikely to do 不太可能做：be supposed to 应该，be bound to 必定。故选A。 24. C. charge 但无论博物馆收取多少门票费，都无法覆盖运营成本。charge 收费：promote 推广，sulbmit 提交，exhibit 展览。故选C。 25. D. revenue 门票收入平均仅占美国艺术博物馆总收入的7%。revenue 营收、收入;attendance 到访人数，donation 捐款，operation 运营。故选D. 26. B. remainder 门票和会员费各占 7%，预算的其余部分主要来自慈善捐赠、补助和零售业务。remainder 剩余部分；motivation 动机，generosity 慷慨，mixture 混合。故选B。 27. A. reliant on 欧洲博物馆不那么依赖门票收入，因为政府补贴充足。be reliant on 依赖;resistant to 抵制pessimistic about 对... 悲观，tolerant of 容忍。故选A。 28. D. admission 有人呼吁博物馆彻底取消入场收费。admission 入场费；survival 生 存，budget 预算，collection 藏品。故选D。 29. C. Ballooning 飞涨的票价违背了博物馆面向多元大众传播艺术的初衷。ballooning(价格）飙升的：floating 浮动的，discounted 打折的，competitive有竞争力的。故选C。 30. B. vote against 如今不愿走进博物馆的人，未来可能会投票反对政府补贴，也不愿出资 赞助。vote against 反对;contribute to 捐助，count on 依靠，cdespair of 对.….绝望。故选B。 31. A. invest 常参观博物馆的人更能体会其价值，也愿意将财富投入其中。invest 投资、投入：evaluate 评估，anchor 固定，assemble 聚集。故选A。 32. C. attract 大幅降价其实也难以吸引新观众。attract 吸引;discourage 使气馁，relieve 缓解，entitle 使享有权利。故选C。 33. B. Apart from 免费只会让老访客来得更频繁，除此之外，并不能改变观众结构。 apart from 除…。之外；with a view to 为了，contrary to 与...相反，for fear of 生怕。故选B。 34. D. compares 这位经济学家将博物馆比作美国顶尖高校哈佛。compare A to B把A比作 B;credit 相信，attach 依附，refer 提及。故选D。 35. A. zero西方博物馆热议合理票价，但大多不会选择零票价 （免费）。zero零；both 两者，wrong 错误的，above 上述的。故选A。 Science fiction often envisions a world with robots. In the cartoon The Jetsons, Rosie the robot is a beloved, helpful servant. By contrast, in the film Minority Report (2002), spider-like robots efficiently search for a suspect, highlighting a(n) ____41____ side. These stories make us wonder whether robots will be our friends or enemies. Dr. David Hanson, a robot designer, thinks robots can be our friends, but not if they look and act like spiders. To make robots more ___42____ to humans, he is working on a long-term project to develop robots that understand you and build a relationship. To do this, robots must be able to see your face, distinguish you from others, and ____43____ your moods. ___44____, these sociable robots must be able to make appropriate facial expressions. They must look similar to humans. Several of Hanson’s robots are incredibly ___45____. His Albert Hurno robot consists of a head, which he developed, and a walking robot body. The head looks just like the famous physicist Albert Einstein and has amazingly ___46____ facial expressions. But more importantly, it makes these expressions according to how people around it behave. In a demonstration at the Technology Entertainment Design (TED) Conference in Long Beach, California in 2009, Hanson’s robot smiled and frowned (皱眉) ___47___ Hanson’s facial expressions. The robots also need to ___48___ facial expressions quickly. At the Machine Perception Laboratory at the University of California at San Diego, researchers are developing technology that can detect and ____49____ human faces. Working with that group, Hanson developed the Character Engine, software that allows the machine to figure out where people are looking, track head positions, and learn facial expressions. And of course the robots must be able to ___50___ and give relevant responses. Sometimes Hanson’s robots give answers that seem memorized. The question “Do you think?” often gets a lighthearted response, highlighting that much of human conversation is ___51___ and doesn’t require deep thought. But as the robot learns more about us, it uses that knowledge and information from the Internet to ____52_____ new things to say. Are friendly robots ___53_____ ? Sherry Turkle, a psychologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thinks so. In her book, Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (2011), she warns that robots may disappoint us and leave us lonelier if they take our attention away from human friends. Turkle’s concerns may seem overstated. The same ____54_____, after all, could be made about books or television. But before ____55_____ her, are you sure you will be able to resist those big adorable robot eyes hanging on every word you say? In the end, we may be better served by scary spiders than a lovable Rosie. 41. A. safer B. opener C. funnier D. darker 42. A. unique B. acceptable C. available D. mysterious 43. A. create B. disturb C. understand D. ignore 44. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Initially 45. A. lifelike B. mindless C. tremendous D. dependent 46. A. reluctant B. realistic C. false D. strange 47. A. in response to B. on behalf of C. in place of D. with regard to 48. A. imitate B. invite C. obtain D. recognize 49. A. paint B. adjust C. follow D. brighten 50. A. move B. speak C. laugh D. work 51. A. complicated B. predictable C. necessary D. believable 52. A. come up with B. make up for C. run out of D. look forward to 53. A. dangerous B. meaningful C. purposeless D. strategic 54. A. inquiry B. decision C. choice D. complaint 55. A. identifying B. restricting C. dismissing D. representing 41. D. darker 前文对比了《杰森一家》中友好的机器人仆人，和《少数派报告》中高效搜捕嫌疑人的蜘蛛机器人，后者展现了机器人 “更黑暗、更凶险” 的一面。safer（更安全的）、opener（开启的）、funnier（更有趣的）均不符合语境。故选 D。 42. B. acceptable 设计师 Hanson 希望机器人能被人类接纳，因此开展项目让机器人理解人类、建立关系。make robots more acceptable to humans 意为 “让机器人更被人类接受”，符合设计初衷。unique（独特的）、available（可获得的）、mysterious（神秘的）均不符合。故选 B。 43. C. understand 要实现社交互动，机器人除了识别人脸、区分个体，还需要 “理解” 人类的情绪。create（创造）、disturb（打扰）、ignore（忽视）均与语境逻辑相悖。故选 C。 44. C. Furthermore 前文提到机器人需要识别人脸、理解情绪，后文补充了 “做出合适面部表情” 这一额外要求，属于递进关系。instead（相反）表转折，therefore（因此）表因果，initially（最初）表时间，均不适用。故选 C。 45. A. lifelike 后文提到 Hanson 的机器人头部和爱因斯坦长得一模一样，表情逼真，说明机器人极其 “栩栩如生、逼真”。mindless（无脑的）、tremendous（巨大的）、dependent（依赖的）均不符合描述。故选 A。 46. B. realistic 这个爱因斯坦外形的机器人，拥有极其 “逼真的” 面部表情，能根据周围人的行为做出反应。reluctant（不情愿的）、false（虚假的）、strange（奇怪的）均不符合技术设定。故选 B。 47. A. in response to 在演示中，机器人会 “根据、响应”Hanson 本人的面部表情做出微笑、皱眉的动作。on behalf of（代表）、in place of（取代）、with regard to（关于）均逻辑不通。故选 A。 48. D. recognize 本段介绍机器人的基础能力，首先需要 “识别” 面部表情，后文的检测人脸、追踪动态也呼应了这一点。imitate（模仿）是识别之后的动作，invite（邀请）、obtain（获取）均不符合语境。故选 D。 49. C. follow 实验室技术可以检测并 “追踪跟随” 人脸动态，后文的 track head positions（追踪头部位置）也给出了呼应。paint（描绘）、adjust（调整）、brighten（提亮）均与视觉追踪技术无关。故选 C。 50. B. speak 后文提到机器人需要给出相关回应、回答问题、进行对话，说明机器人要具备 “说话” 交流的能力。move（移动）、laugh（大笑）、work（工作）范围过窄，无法覆盖对话场景。故选 B。 51. B. predictable 很多人类日常对话是 “可预判的、模式化的”，不需要深度思考，因此机器人能给出类似背好模板的轻松回答。complicated（复杂的）、necessary（必要的）、believable（可信的）均无法解释这一现象。故选 B。 52. A. come up with 机器人积累更多用户信息和互联网数据后，就能 “想出、创作” 新的说话内容。make up for（弥补）、run out of（耗尽）、look forward to（期待）语义不符。故选 A。 53. A. dangerous 心理学家 Turkle 警示，友好机器人可能分散人们和真人交往的注意力，让人更孤独，因此对人类而言，这类机器人是 “有风险、存在隐患的”。meaningful（有意义的）、purposeless（无目的的）、strategic（策略性的）均不符合担忧的语境。故选 A。 54. D. complaint Turkle 的担忧，和过去人们针对书籍、电视提出的 “抱怨、诟病” 是同一类，都担心新事物会让人疏远现实社交。inquiry（问询）、decision（决定）、choice（选择）语义不匹配。故选 D。 55. C. dismissing 句意：在 “否定、驳斥”Turkle 的观点之前，你真的能抵抗可爱机器人的眼神攻势吗？identifying（识别）、restricting（限制）、representing（代表）均不通顺。故选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $