Unit 8 Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4d) 语法课公开课课件2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时，涵盖基本结构、“过去影响现在”与“持续至今”用法、for/since时间状语及延续性动词转换，通过视频填空、句子合并练习导入，搭建从回顾基础到归纳用法的学习支架。 其亮点在于结合“志愿服务”主题，用视频情境、4d采访对话等真实任务，培养语言能力与文化意识中的社会责任感。延续性动词通过正误判断和例句对比提升思维品质，任务分层设计助力学习能力发展，帮助学生迁移应用语法知识，教师可高效开展情境化语法教学。

He's your uncle. I've never been sick before. Hello, darkness, smile, friend, i've come to talk with you again. I've made changes for you. track. Think about that. Commuting to work by bike has risen by about sixty percent in ten years. Alice has escaped. I made a decision. We're going to that. Man, my dream has come true. Thank you. The media boo is ruined everything. This is that their mother has not eaten for five months and has lost half her body weight. Hard beats, fast colors and how to be brave. How can I love I free to four watching you stand all of my double, certainly with somebody. Everyday waiting for you, darling, don't be free. Twenty two, four a five, I love you for. 一个视频，分清三个去过，抓住重点，更好掌握。先看have been in，有这个介词，in表示在里面就可以理解为是去过那个地方，并且留在那里了。Have gone to有个gone就是动词go去的意思，所以理解为是去了另一个地方，并且还没有回来。剩下的这个have been to意思就是有去有回，就表示去了那里，并且已经回来了。现在用一个故事串起来记忆，我的好朋友叫做Sherry，她特别喜欢去旅行。Sherry loves traveling. 他去过很多的城市了，现在住在上海是什么many cities，and now he lives in shanghai. 这个空格强调的是sherri，她去过很多其他地方，并且又回来了，所以有去有回我们就用上has been to注意以三单形式has改好，上周我想邀请他来吃饭，但是他不在，原来他去了北京玩了，是什么begin这里强调他是去了另一个地方，我们就要用上有go的这个词组has gone to表示去了还没回来。好，到了现在，他已经在北京有两个星期了，他特别喜欢北京SHE什么there for two weeks，这里面就用上有阴影的词组，要是在里面，那去了北京留在那里has been in beijing。你都区分清楚了吗？所以请大家帮我找一下下面这两句话当中谁对谁错。 I am a vick fan of the brazilian soccer on, so I was only eighteen at the time of the application. This game, which is, which was how, in real, the first one in the south amErica actually gave me the opportunity to go to brazil myself. Presentation Unit8 Making a Difference Section A What can we do to help? Grammar Focus(4a-4d) 语法课公开课 单元主题范畴：人与社会 单元主题内容：志愿服务，公益帮扶、关爱弱势群体、个人奉献与社会责任。 (2024新版)人教版 八年级(下册) Presentation Learning Objectives 1. 能回顾现在完成时的基本结构和用法（肯定、否定、疑问）；能识别句子中需要与现在完成时连用的时间状语（for, since, already, yet, ever, never等）（学习理解） 2.能够梳理和归纳包含for 和since的现在完成时的功能和意义，并在语境中准确理解和使用；通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。(学习理解，应用实践) 3.运用 for 和 since 完成课本4a-4d的填空与句子改写练习；能够将所学语法知识迁移至多元真实生活场景中，结合自身经历与话题情境创造性地运用目标语法进行交流与表达，能自主设计并完成相关语言任务，提升语言综合运用与跨情境迁移的能力。(迁移创新) Presentation Watch and fill Watch a video and fill in the blanks. Pay attention to sentences using present perfect tense 1.I've never _____(see) him before. 2.I ____ never ____(be) sick before. 3.I _________ (make) changes for you. 4. My dream ________(come) true. 5.Their mother _________ (not eat) for five months. seen have been have made has come hasn't eaten the present perfect tense (现在完成时) What tense(时态) are these sentences? Presentation Fill and say Combine(结合) two sentences into one. He had a big breakfast just now. He is full. He ____ already ____ a big breakfast. has had She ____ just ____a good job. She got a good job just now. She has a job now. has got He lost his job just now. He is not working now. He ____ just _____ his job. has lost 现在完成时的基本用法：表示_____ 发生的动作对______造成的影响和结果。 过去 现在 Presentation Watch and say Presentation Look and say How long has he/she been a volunteer？ He has been a volunteer since last year. She has been a volunteer for about 7 years. Presentation Look and say He has been a guide for two weeks. He has been a volunteer there since last year. 现在完成时 The present perfect tense. How long has he/she been a volunteer？ Presentation Watch and say Watch two videos and fill in the blanks. Find out the sentences about present perfect tense(现在完成时). I ______ ____ you _____ a thousand years. have loved for We______ _____ each other _____ we were nine or ten. have known since Presentation Look and say She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.她从去年八月起就在一家养老院当志愿者了。 He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.自从他的暑假开始，他就一直在这儿做志愿者。 I have been a volunteer here for a few months.我已经在这里当志愿者几个月了。 How long have you been a volunteer? Presentation Look and say 现在完成时的定义(用法） 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 already, ever,never,yet, just 等词连用。 2.表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 她从未帮忙清扫过城市公园。 从去年开始他就一直担任志愿者。 She has never helped clean up the city park. He has worked as a volunteer since last year. Presentation Watch and say 基本结构： 否定形式： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 特殊疑问句： 主语+have/has + 过去分词 +其他. Yes, 主语+have/has. No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？ 现在完成时的构成 The present perfect tense. 主语+have/has +not+ 过去分词 +其他. Have/has +主语+ 过去分词 +其他？ Presentation Look and say 1. 规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词） play → _______ → _______ walk → _______ → _______ use → _______ → _______ like → _______ → _______ study → _______ → _______ cry → _______ → _______ stop → _______ → _______ plan → _______ → _______ played played  walked walked  used  used liked liked studied studied cried cried stopped stopped 一般情况下直接 + ed 以不发音e结尾的直接+ d planned planned 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed 以重读闭音节“辅元辅”结尾的， 双写末尾字母，再+ed 过去分词的构成 Presentation Look and say 2. 不规则变化（此类称作不规则动词，有很多） 1. AAA cut→cut→ cut cost→cost→cost read→read→read 3. ABB feel→felt→felt sell→sold→sold win→won→won 2. ABA run→ran→run come→came→come become→became→become 4. ABC do→did→done eat→ate→eaten grow→grew→grown 5. AAB beat→beat→beaten Presentation Read and say Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a for + 时间段 since + 开始时间点 What are the differences between for and since when used? Presentation Watch and say for + 时间段 表示动作持续了一段时间 for two hours for five days for nine years for 30 minutes since + 开始时间点 表示动作开始于某个特定时间点 since 8 a.m since 1998 since last week since I was a child since 3 years ago Presentation Look and summarize I’ve had it for three years. He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. I’ve learned English for two years. He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college. I haven’t played for a while now. for+时间段 for+时间段 since+过去的时间点 since+过去时的从句 for+时间段 What can you find? since+过去时的从句/过去时间点 for+时间段 Can you summarize the rule? Read these sentences and find out the rules. Presentation Read and say 4a Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense. 现在完成时的第二个用法。 现在完成时还可以表示动作或状态从_____某时开始，一直____至今，还 可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。可以和表示“从过去某一 时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+________”、“since+ __________”、“since+_____________”、“since+一段时间+_____”。 过去 延续 时间段 过去时间点 过去时的从句 ago Presentation Look and learn Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense. 现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与_____, ______引导的时间短语或从向连用。 for since moved here in 2023 I still live here now I have lived here for ___________. I have lived here since _________________. I have lived here since _____________. three years 2020/five years ago I moved here for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 Presentation Look and learn Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense. 现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。 How long has Jeff had this bike? bought the bike               now ________|_______________________________|__________ 2016 2026 10 years He has had this bike for _________. He has had this bike since ___________. He has had this bike since ______. It is 10 years since _________________. 10 years 10 years ago 2016 he bought this bike Presentation 现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。 Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense. She has learned English for ________.(她已经学习五年英语了) 解释：一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去 He has lived in Beijing _________________. (自从他出生以后就居住在北京) 解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去。 Have you stayed here ______________? (自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗?) 5 years since he was born since 3 o'clock 现在完成时的第二个用法。 Look and learn Presentation Watch and say When did she first work as a volunteer? She first worked as a volunteer when she was 18 years old. She first worked as a volunteer in 2016. 2026-2016=10 She first worked as a volunteer 10 years ago. Presentation Look and say How long has she been a volunteer? She has been a volunteer for since 2016 2026 10 years ＋时间段 ＋时间点 she was 18 years old 10 years ago 2016 she was 18 years old 10 years ago 10 years Presentation Read and say 4a Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense. 这些动词有什么特点呢？ 延续性动词 与how long, for 或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词，动词必须为延续性动词，非延续性动词不能用于现在完成时。 Presentation Look and say 瞬间动词 &延续性动词 他已经死了。 He has already died . 他已经死了5年了。 1.动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响（现在人没了） He has died for 5 years . 瞬间动词 die be dead He has been dead for 5 years . for ＋一段时间 He has been dead since 5 years ago . since ＋时间点 延续性动词 2.过去发生的事一直持续到现在。 与how long, for 或者 since搭配使用在现在 完成时中的动词， 动词必须为延续性动词 Presentation Watch and learn 瞬间动词 延续性动词 Presentation Look and learn 非延续性动词如何转换成延续性动词 buy —— borrow —— put on —— catch/get a cold —— come/go/become —— ① 用相应的延续性动词 have keep wear have a cold, be She has already bought the bike. She has had the bike for 2 years . 她已经买了这辆自行车 这辆自行车她已经买了两年了 Presentation Look and learn 非延续性动词如何转换成延续性动词 join the Party —— join the army —— go to school —— ② 转换成 be + 名词； be a soldier be a Party member be a student be in the city be in the army She has already joined the Party . She has been a Party member for 5 years . 她已经入党了。 她已经入党5年了。 arrive in the city —— join the army —— ③ 转换成be + 介词短语： Presentation Look and learn 非延续性动词如何转换成延续性动词 die —— finish —— begin/start —— leave (...) —— close —— open —— fall asleep —— ④、转换成 be + 形容词/副词（adj./adv.） be dead be over be on be away (from) be closed The movie has already begun. The movie has been on for half an hour. 电影已经开始了。 电影已经开始半个小时了。 be open be asleep Presentation Look and judge Judge whether the following sentences are true or false. 电影开始十分钟了。 开始时间：9:30 a.m 现在时间：9:40 a.m The movie has begun for 10 minutes. The movie has been on for 10 minutes. 买的时间：2017.12 现在时间：2025.06. Iphone6 买了6年半了. Mayun has bought one for six and a half years . Mayun has had one for six and a half years. 借书时间：2025.05 现在时间：2025.06. They have borrowed some books from the library for a month . They have kept the books from the library for a month. ( 他们借书一个月了。) 关门时间：10:00 现在时间：10:06. The door has closed for 6 minutes . The door has been closed for 6 minutes.(门关了6分钟了。) Presentation 4a 去过，已经回来了 have been to, have gong to和has been in 用法区别。 1. have/has been to意为“___________”，表示去过某地，现在已经回来了。通常与表示次数的词（组）连用，如twice，several times等。 My father __________Beijing twice．我父亲去过北京两次。 I ______ never _______ the Great Wall． 我从未去过长城。 曾经去过某地 has been to have been to Look and say have gone to / have been to / have been in(at) Presentation I have been to Sichuan once. 我去过一次四川。 Can you translate? have/has been to: 1) 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了。 2) 通常与表示______的词连用，如once, twice, three times, several times等。也可以和ever, never, just连用。 次数 2.have/has gone to意为“__________”，表示到某地去了，强调说话时去某地的人不在场（可能在途中，也可能已到达某地）。 去了某地 She __________ Europe twice. He __________ England. （已经回来了） （现在不在这里） has been to has gone to Look and say have been to / have gone to / have been in(at) Presentation Look and say have been to / have gone to / have been in(at) She has gone to Sichuan. 她去了四川。 Can you translate? have/has gone to: 表示__________，强调说话时去某地的人不在场（可能在途中，也可能已到达某地）。 去了某地 注意：若have/has been to或have/has gone to后接副词，则省略to。 He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。 He has gone home. 他回家去了。 Presentation have/has been in\at… 表示“___________________”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 在某地待了多长时间 他的叔叔在伦敦已经待了两个星期了。 His uncle ___________ London for two weeks. has been in I have been in Sichuan for weeks. 我在四川待了几周了。 Can you translate? have/has been in\at: 1)表示在某地待了多长时间，现在还在某地； 2. 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Look and say have been to / have gone to / have been in(at) Presentation Watch and fill 1. —Where is Jim? —He ________________ the supermarket. 2. He ________________ Beijing for half a month. 3. —____ you ever ____________ the West Lake? —Yes, three time. 4. —How long ______ your mother ________ Nanjing? —Since last year. have been to, have gone to, have been in/at has been in has gone to Have been to has been in Presentation 4b Read and fill Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She ____________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years. 2. I ____________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. ______ he started working there, he ___________ (help) many students. 4. The organization _________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers _________ it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since /ˈɑːmi/ n.军队 /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n.军人；士兵 /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 小学教育的；首要的 Presentation 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I _____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I _________ (make) many new friends and I even (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ______ (be) so big that they ______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________ (smile) and _________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped met was got smiled thanked 如此...以至于 做什么事情 感到骄傲 have met 分担工作；帮忙做 /ˈtʃærəti/ n.慈善机构（或组织）；慈善事业 /ˈwɔːmli/ adv.热情地；温暖地 Read and fill have made Presentation Read and answer Read 3c again and answer the questions. How long has the writer worked with the sports organization? How many sports events has the writer helped out at since he/she started volunteering? When did the writer meet the two national football players from Argentina? For almost three years. Over ten different sports events. Last month. Why did the two football players need the writer's help? How does the writer feel about being a volunteer? Because the stadium was so big that they got lost. He/She feels proud (of being a volunteer). Presentation Interview and share 4d Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. How long have you known your best friend / ...? had your favourite toy / ...? lived in your neighbourhood / ...? for ＋一段时间 since＋开始时间点 时间点 一段时间＋ago 时间状语从句 Presentation Interview and role-play Role-play Checklist Stars 1. Speak loudly and clearly. 2. Beautiful pronunciation and tones. 3. Use body language and eye contact. 4. Wonderful cooperation. I have known her for 8 years. How long have you known your best friend? Presentation Interview and share 4d Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. A:How long have you known your best friend? B:I have known her for nearly four years. We became classmates in Grade Seven. A:How long have you had your favourite toy? B:I have had it since I was nine years old. It is a gift from my parents. A:How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? B:I have lived here since six years ago. I enjoy living here very much. Sample Presentation Watch and say Volunteering is our small way to heal the world. Every little effort we make can bring warmth and make our world better. 志愿活动是我们治愈世界的微小方式。我们付出的每一份努力，都能带去温暖，让世界变得更加美好。 Presentation Look and say Summary 三.延续性动词&非延续性动词 一、用法（现在完成时：have/has done） ① 过去发生的事对现在造成的影响 ② 过去发生的事一直延续到现在 二、时间标志词 already、yet、ever、never、so far、in the past few years、 for+时间段、since+时间点…… 与how long, for 或者since搭配使用在现在完成时中的动词，动词必须为延续性动词，非延续性动词不能用于现在完成时。 Presentation Class test 一、单选题 1. I ______ to London already. I went there last month. A. have been B. will go C. have gone D. was going 2. The plane ______ safely, so none of us feels uneasy any more. A. landed B. will land C. lands D. has landed 3. How many travelers ______ to Shanghai Disneyland since it opened to public? A. have gone B. went C. have been D. will go 4. —Where's Mr. Yang? —He ______ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ______ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery. A. has gone to; has been B. have gone; have gone C. has been to; has gone D. has been to; has been to Presentation 1. My uncle ________ (be) a volunteer in the community ________ 2021. 2. I ________ (join) the volunteer club ________ three months ago. 3. They ________ (help) the old people in the nursing home ________ over two years. 4. ________ you ________ (keep) this volunteer job ________ last summer? has been since  have been in since have helped for Have 二、语法填空 kept Class test Presentation Must do: 1.Sort out the past participles of the verbs we learned today, and finish the rest of the matching exercises. 2.Write 3 sentences about the thing you have kept doing the longest. You must use for and since. Choose to do: Work in groups and record a 1-minute short interview dialogue about volunteering. $嗨这个视频我们讲解持续性动词和瞬间性动词。所谓持续性动词就是表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。Change your study plan, do read, learn, drive, right plane, sleep speed, talk, weight, fly, stay, rn, sit, stand, line, cap等。而瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂，常见的you begin，start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to enter, here, stop, open, closed, become by borrower, land, happen, join, lose, die等。以上已经为大家集中了初中教材大部分持续性动词和瞬间性动词，这两类动词都能用于现在完成时表示动作，到现在为止已结束。例如，he has studied english for three years. 他学英语已有三年了。He has joined the party. 他已入党了ison at home，he has gone to the library. 妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。虽然都能用于现在完成时，但是在用法上又有什么区别呢？持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如。His parents have talked with the teacher for half an over. 他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时，这句话中的talk是延续性动词，所以可以和半个小时这样的表示持续一段时间的状语连用，表示谈话这个动作持续了半个小时。再比如my parents have lived in shanghai since nineteen fifty。我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。那么瞬间性动词在完成时中，如果要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用该怎么办呢？这个视频让我们学习第一种方法，一用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如。He has been in the army for three years. 他参军已有三年了。不能用has joined，因为加入has joined是瞬间性动词，不能直接与for three years连用。再比如两年前你在图书馆借了一本书，你现在如果表达的话就是i have catch the book for two years，中文表达为这本书我已经借了有两年了。但是因为如果说成i have borrow the book for two years就是错误的。因为borrow是瞬间性动词，书是一瞬间就能完成的事情，不可能这两年内你什么都没干，一直在图书馆借书。OK总结时间到这个视频，我们接触了持续性动词和瞬间性动词，以及瞬间性动词在完成时中如果与表示持续一段时间的状语连用的一种方法，那就是用意思相当的持续性动词来替换。例如，i have keep the book for two years, 这本书我已经借了两年了，学习完毕，快去闯关练习，哦耶。 Goodbye, you might trust a friend we know你家的，since every night day do you get the week twenty and trees learn to love and. Sing in . in the sky. Ready girls are everywhere. Me and love. There's a place in your heart, and I know that this is not. I was surprised than tomorrow. Let me try, you'll find there is no need to cry. So are ways to get there. If you get up for the living, make a little. You, the world make you a Better place. Taking and base thereby if you get a Better this in, it's for you and for me. Know why there's a love that can not like love is strong. I only cares for joy for giving. We you see in this place, we cannot feel stop existing and start living. Just in make. Get a . Better place and the entire human race, 一个人的。我明。Where we feel a joy to face. This one is everything, be love. So high, let our spirits never. If you are all my brother. We don't feel together, we will cry, happy, should turn their sorts in the really, really good, make a little space to make a Better play, you do know, make you a Better place for you and for me . and in time, you and free. Right now. 往年。May get a Better place. You can race. Make a Better for you. like for. 梦里远在。 Excuse me, how long have you been a volunteer with this football organization? Oh, i've been a volunteer since last year. I help the players and give directions. I clean up the stadium after matches too. How long have you been a volunteer at the museum? Well, i've only been a guide here . for two weeks. Have you been a volunteer with the beach cleanup organization for long? Yes, for . about seven years. How long have you been a volunteer . at a nursing hole? I've been a volunteer there since last year. 不可能，绝对不可能，竟然还有人不会用四和4。我再说一遍，for和since这时间都表示从过去的时间开始，接着是时间段。I wait for thirty minutes, 我已经等了30分钟，而since接时间段的话，后面要加A狗才行。Since thirty minutes ago, 从30分钟前开始，ince three years ago, 从三年前开始，如果是接过去的时间点，一定要用things不能用for从八点开始，since monday this last week. C是1998. 记住了吗？