摘要:
**基本信息**
以“定义-结构-例句-规则”系统构建小学英语核心语法体系,通过口诀化技巧与梯度训练提升语法应用能力。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|一般现在时|含实义动词/be动词3类句型及三单规则|“主谓一致”句型公式+三单变化口诀|从动词形态到句式转换,构建时态基础|
|时间介词|at/on/in用法对比及记忆口诀|“时间尺度”分类记忆法|按时间跨度由小到大(点-日-段)递进|
|It's time句型|to/for用法对比表|“动词原形vs名词”结构辨析|通过典型例句对比强化固定搭配|
|时间表达法|6类时间表达公式表|“past/to”分界法+特殊表达(半点/刻钟)|从整点到非整点,覆盖完整时间体系|
|情态动词can/should|3类句型(肯定/否定/疑问)|“能力/请求vs建议/义务”功能区分|按情态功能分类,突出动词原形共性|
|祈使句|肯定/否定/礼貌式3类结构|“动词原形开头+Don't否定”句型模板|从基本命令到礼貌请求,体现语用梯度|
内容正文:
专题02 语法
· 内容导航 ·
01:答题技巧 02:小试牛刀
答题技巧
(一)一般现在时
【定义】
一般现在时用于描述经常发生的动作、习惯、事实或普遍真理。它是最基本的时态之一,常用于日常对话和书面表达中。
1.实义动词的一般现在时(本册涉及知识点)
①肯定句:主语+动词原形(第三人称单数加 -s/-es)+其他。
例句:
I play football every weekend.(我每周末踢足球。)
She reads books every day.(她每天读书。)
②否定句:主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 + 其他。
例句:
I do not (don’t) like coffee.(我不喜欢咖啡。)
He does not (doesn’t) play video games.(他不玩电子游戏。)
③一般疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例句:
Do you like pizza?(你喜欢披萨吗?)
Does she go to school by bus?(她坐公交车上学吗?)
动词第三人称单数变化规则
①一般情况: 动词后直接加 -s。
例: work → works play → plays
②以 -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o 结尾: 动词后加 -es。
例: pass → passes wash → washes teach → teaches fix → fixes go → goes
③以辅音字母 + y 结尾: 变 y 为 i,再加 -es。
例: study → studies try → tries
④不规则变化: 有些动词的第三人称单数形式不规则。
例: have → has be → is
2.be动词的一般现在时
①肯定句:主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + 其他。
例句:
I am a student.(我是一名学生。)
She is happy.(她很开心。)
They are teachers.(他们是老师。)
②否定句:主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + not + 其他。
例句:
I am not tired.(我不累。)
He is not (isn’t) at home.(他不在家。)
We are not (aren’t) ready.(我们还没准备好。)
③一般疑问句:Be动词 (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + 其他?
例句:
Are you okay?(你还好吗?)
Is she your sister?(她是你的妹妹吗?)
Am I late?(我迟到了吗?)
(二)时间介词
常用时间介词:
介词
用法
示例
at
用于具体的时间点。
at 7:00 at noon at night
on
用于具体的某一天或日期。
on Monday on my birthday
in
用于较长的时间段,如月份、季节、年份等。
in July in summer in 2023
记忆口诀:
at最短,点钟前。in天in月in季年。on在具体某一天。
(三)It's time to与It's time for
1. It's time to + 动词原形
表示“是时候做某事了”,后面接动词原形。
结构: It's time to + do something.
例句:
It's time to go to school.(是时候去上学了。)
It's time to have breakfast.(是时候吃早餐了。)
2. It's time for + 名词
表示“是时候做某事了”,后面接名词或动名词。
结构: It's time for + something.
例句:
It's time for lunch.(是时候吃午饭了。)
It's time for class.(是时候上课了。)
典型例句对比:理解It’s time to 和 It’s time for 的区别
It's time to(接动词原形)
It's time for(接名词/动名词)
It's time to get up.(是时候起床了。)
It's time for breakfast.(是时候吃早餐了。)
It's time to go to school.(是时候去上学了。)
It's time for class.(是时候上课了。)
It's time to brush your teeth.(是时候刷牙了。)
It's time for bed.(是时候睡觉了。)
(四)时间表达法
1. 时间表达法讲解
①整点时间:数字 + o'clock 例: 7:00 → seven o'clock
②半点时间:half past + 小时 例: 7:30 → half past seven
③一刻钟(15分钟):a quarter past + 小时 例: 7:15 → a quarter past seven
④三刻钟(45分钟):a quarter to + 下一小时 例: 7:45 → a quarter to eight
⑤其他时间:
结构1: 分钟 + past + 小时(分钟 ≤ 30) 例: 7:20 → twenty past seven
结构2: 分钟 + to + 下一小时(分钟 > 30 例: 7:40 → twenty to eight
2. 时间表达法总结表
时间
表达方式
例句
7:00
seven o'clock
It's seven o'clock.
7:15
a quarter past seven
It's a quarter past seven.
7:30
half past seven
It's half past seven.
7:45
a quarter to eight
It's a quarter to eight.
7:20
twenty past seven
It's twenty past seven.
7:40
twenty to eight
It's twenty to eight.
(五)情态动词can和should
1. 情态动词 can
【用法】
①表示能力(能够做某事)。
例: I can swim.(我会游泳。)
②表示请求或允许(可以做某事)。
例: Can I use your pen?(我可以用你的笔吗?)
【句型结构 】
· 肯定句: 主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他。
例: She can play the piano.(她会弹钢琴。)
· 否定句: 主语 + cannot (can't) + 动词原形 + 其他。
例: He can't speak French.(他不会说法语。)
· 一般疑问句: Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例: Can you help me?(你能帮我吗?)
2. 情态动词 should
【用法】
①表示建议或义务(应该做某事)。
例: You should eat more vegetables.(你应该多吃蔬菜。)
②表示推测(按理应该)。
例: He should be at home now.(他现在应该在家。)
【句型结构】
· 肯定句: 主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他。
例: We should study hard.(我们应该努力学习。)
· 否定句: 主语 + should not (shouldn't) + 动词原形 + 其他。
例: You shouldn't be late.(你不应该迟到。)
· 一般疑问句: Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例: Should I call him?(我应该给他打电话吗?)
(六)祈使句
1. 祈使句的定义
祈使句用于表达命令、请求、建议或劝告。它的主语通常是 you(你/你们),但通常省略。
2. 祈使句的结构
肯定句: 动词原形 + 其他。
例: Close the door.(关门。)
否定句: Don't + 动词原形 + 其他。
例: Don't run in the hallway.(不要在走廊里跑。)
3. 祈使句的常见句型
· 动词原形开头
例: Open the window.(打开窗户。)
· Please + 动词原形(表示礼貌请求)
例: Please turn off the light.(请关灯。)
· Don't + 动词原形(表示禁止或劝告)
例: Don't be late.(不要迟到。)
小试牛刀
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I can (run) fast.
2.I like (play) games with my friends.
3.Let’s (join) the club.
4.She can (draw) pictures well.
5.I want (join) the music club.
6.Can you (dance)?
7.She likes (sing) songs.
8.She (have) breakfast at 7:15 every day.
9. (that) look interesting.
10.She (want) to have a try.
11.She doesn’t want (swim).
12.I don’t want (go) now.
13.That (look) interesting.
14. (do) he want to join us?
15.I’d love (play) football.
16.They often (help) their mother with housework.
17.My sister (brush) her teeth before going to bed.
18.It’s time (have) class.
19.He (go) to a school club after school.
20.She (read) books from 8:00 to 9:00.
二、选词填空(用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 )
keep quiet arrive on time give a helping hand
put away your things take turns to speak
21.We should for the meeting. Don’t be late.
22.In the library, we need to . It’s a quiet place.
23.When we play games, we .
24.If you finish using your stationery, .
25.When someone is in difficulty, we should .
三、答语匹配。
A.It’s half past nine.
B.I brush my teeth and wash my face.
C.OK. Let’s go!
D.Yes, I do.
E.Of course. Welcome!
( ) 26.What do you do after getting up?
( ) 27.Do you want to try?
( ) 28.What time is it now?
( ) 29.Can I join you?
( ) 30.Come and play!
四、连词成句。
31.join, come, and, us (.)
________________________________________________
32.can, you, dance (?)
________________________________________________
33.like, I, singing, songs (.)
________________________________________________
34.can, I, run, fast (.)
________________________________________________
35.nice, we, should, say, words (.)
________________________________________________
36.classroom, rules, follow, the (.)
________________________________________________
37.give, helping, a, hand (.)
________________________________________________
38.turn, wait, one’s (.)
________________________________________________
39.your, put, away, things (.)
________________________________________________
40.run, don’t, here (.)
________________________________________________
五、句型转换。
41.Don’t be late. (改为肯定句)
______ ______.
42.Take turns to speak. (用“让我们”改写句子)
______ ______ turns to speak.
43.We should listen carefully. (对“listen carefully”提问)
______ ______ we ______?
44.Do your best. (用“我们”改写句子)
______ ______ best.
45.I like “giving a helping hand”. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ you like?
46.Take turns to speak. (改为否定句)
______ ______ turns to speak.
47.She puts away her books. (改为祈使句)
______ ______ your books.
48.Put up your hand. (改为否定句)
______ ______ up your hand.
49.He speaks loudly. (对“loudly”提问)
______ ______ he speak?
50.Don’t run in the hallway. (改为同义句)
______ ______ in the hallway.
参考答案
第 1 页 共 8 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.run
2.playing/to play
3.join
4.draw
5.to join
6.dance
7.singing/to sing
8.has
9.Those
10.wants
11.to swim
12.to go
13.looks
14.Does
15.to play
16.help
17.brushes
18.to have
19.goes
20.reads
21.arrive on time
22.keep quiet
23.take turns to speak
24.put away your things
25.give a helping hand
26.B
27.D
28.A
29.E
30.C
31.Come and join us.
32.Can you dance?
33.I like singing songs.
34.I can run fast.
35.We should say nice words.
36.Follow the classroom rules.
37.Give a helping hand.
38.Wait one’s turn.
39.Put away your things.
40.Don’t run here.
41.Be early
42.Let’s take
43.What should do
44.Let’s do
45.What rules do
46.Don’t take
47.Put away
48.Don’t put
49.How does
50.No running
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