2026年上海中考英语 首字母填空&首字母专项练习

**基本信息** 聚焦高频动词短语，以首字母分类为框架，整合变形规则与四步解题法，构建“识别-判断-应用”的完整训练体系，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |高频短语分系列|8大首字母系列，含表格例句|首字母锁定短语→判时态→查搭配→核对逻辑|按首字母（l/t/m/g等）串联动词短语，结合变形、例句与易错点，形成“短语-变形-语境应用”递进链条| |词性变形总表|不规则变化+非谓语规则|归纳to/of等介词后接doing等死规则|梳理动词三单/过去式/分词变形规律，强化语法应用的思维逻辑性| |专项训练|20题真题风格题|针对高频考点（如put三态同形）设计|覆盖中考核心考法，通过典型错题复盘提升问题解决能力|

2026 上海中考英语 首字母填空&首字母专项练习 高频动词短语 + 词性变形 + 答题技巧（适配 135 个短语） 结合你之前背诵的 135 个动词短语，聚焦首字母必考词、搭配、变形、解题逻辑，分模块整理，附真题风格例句，直接刷题背诵。 一、核心说明 1. 题型规则：短文挖空，给出首字母，每空 1 词，兼顾固定短语、时态、单复数、非谓语，动词短语是出题主力。 2. 高频首字母集中：l/t/m/g/p/c/k/b/d（对应 look/take/make/get/put/come/keep/break/do 系列）。 3. 必考变形：动词三单、过去式 / 过去分词、现在分词（doing）、不定式。 二、分系列高频短语（首字母 + 搭配 + 变形 + 例句） 🔹 L 开头（look 系列 | 首字母 l 超级高频） 表格 短语 中文 核心变形 首字母填空例句 look after 照顾 三单:looks; 过去:looked She l____ after her grandma every day. (looks) look for 寻找 同上 I’m l____ for my English book. (looking) look up 查阅；抬头 同上 You can l____ up new words in the dictionary. (look) look out 小心 原形多用 L____ out! The bus is coming. (Look) look forward to 期待（to+doing） 固定搭配必考 We are l____ forward to the holiday. (looking) look through 浏览 同上 He l____ through the newspaper quickly. (looked) 易错点：look forward to 中 to 是介词，后面必须接doing，首字母常考形式变形。 🔹 T 开头（take 系列 | 首字母 t 拉分重点） 表格 短语 中文 核心变形 例句 take part in 参加 took (过去)/taken (分词) Many students t____ part in the sports meeting last week. (took) take care of 照顾 三单:takes Mom t____ good care of our family. (takes) take off 起飞；脱下 过去:took off The plane t____ off ten minutes ago. (took) take place 发生 无被动！必考考点 The story t____ place in a small village. (takes) take up 占据；开始学习 现在分词:taking Reading t____ up most of my free time. (takes) take notes 记笔记 原形 / 过去 Please t____ notes while listening. (take) 易错点：take place 不能用于被动语态，首字母填空常结合时态考查。 🔹 M 开头（make 系列 | 首字母 m 写作 + 首字母双考） 表格 短语 中文 核心变形 例句 make friends 交朋友 made (过去) We m____ many new friends at school. (made) make progress 取得进步 不可数，无复数 He has m____ great progress in English. (made) make mistakes 犯错 mistake 可数复数 Don’t be afraid of m____ mistakes. (making) make sure 确保 原形多用 M____ sure you arrive on time. (Make) make up one’s mind 下定决心 made up She m____ up her mind to study hard. (made) make a difference 有影响 三单:makes Small actions m____ a big difference. (make) 易错点：be afraid of doing，介词后接动名词，首字母常考 making。 🔹 G 开头（get /give/go 三大类，首字母 g 考频最高） 1. get 系列 表格 短语 中文 变形 例句 get up 起床 got (过去) I usually g____ up at six. (get) get on/along with 相处 getting She g____ along well with classmates. (gets) get over 克服 got over He finally g____ over the difficulty. (got) get used to 习惯于（doing） 固定搭配 I’m g____ used to the new life. (getting) 2. give 系列 表格 短语 中文 变形 例句 give up 放弃（doing） gave (过去) Never g____ up when you meet trouble. (give) give away 赠送；泄露 gave away He g____ away his old books to kids. (gave) give out 分发 gives out Teachers g____ out papers before exams. (give) 3. go 系列 表格 短语 中文 变形 例句 go on 继续（doing） went (过去) Let’s g____ on with our lesson. (go) go through 经历 went through He g____ through a hard time last year. (went) go out 外出；熄灭 went out The lights g____ out suddenly. (went) 🔹 P 开头（put 系列 | 首字母 p 时态 + 词义辨析必考） 表格 短语 中文 变形 例句 put on 穿上；上演 put（过去 / 分词同形） Please p____ on your coat. It’s cold. (put) put off 推迟 put off They p____ off the meeting because of rain. (put) put up 张贴；搭建 put up We p____ up posters on the wall. (put) put away 收好 put away P____ away your toys after playing. (Put) put out 扑灭 put out Firemen p____ out the fire quickly. (put) 超级易错：put 原形、过去式、过去分词拼写完全一致，首字母填空只看时态语境，不看拼写变化。 🔹 C 开头（come /catch/cheer /cut） 表格 短语 中文 变形 例句 come true 实现 came (过去) My dream finally c____ true. (came) come from 来自 comes Where do you c____ from? (come) come up with 想出 came up with He c____ up with a good idea. (came) catch up with 赶上 caught (过去) Run fast, or you can’t c____ up with others. (catch) cheer up 使振奋 cheered up The song c____ us up. (cheered) cut down 砍倒；削减 cut（变形同原形） Don’t c____ down young trees. (cut) 🔹 K 开头（keep 系列 | 首字母 k 非谓语高频） 表格 短语 中文 核心考点 例句 keep doing 一直做 后接 doing He k____ working till midnight. (kept) keep on doing 坚持做 后接 doing Keep o____ trying, and you will succeed. (on) keep away from 远离 原形多用 Keep a____ from dangerous places. (away) keep in touch with 保持联系 keeps We k____ in touch with each other. (keep) 必考搭配：keep (on) doing sth. 固定接动名词，首字母填空高频考点。 🔹 B / D 开头（剩余高频短语） be 类（首字母 b，短文高频） be good at 擅长 /be interested in 对… 感兴趣 /be proud of 为… 自豪 例：She is g____ at English. (good) break 系列 break down 出故障： The car b____ down on the road. (broke) do /deal 系列 do one’s best 尽力： We should d____ our best. (do) deal with 处理： How to d____ with the problem? (deal) 其他万能搭配 pay attention to 注意：Pay a____ to your spelling. (attention) stick to 坚持：Stick t____ your dream. (to) belong to 属于： The book b____ to me. (belongs) 三、首字母填空 动词类 必考词性变形总表（背诵版） 针对以上短语，整理上海中考最常考动词不规则变化，做题直接套用： 原形 = 过去式 = 过去分词：put, cut, let 特殊变形： 1. get → got / gotten 2. give → gave / given 3. go → went / gone 4. come → came / come 5. take → took / taken 6. make → made / made 7. catch → caught / caught 8. break → broke / broken 规则变形（直接 + ed）：look, help, worry, cheer, turn 等 非谓语死规则（90% 考生易错） 以下短语后必须 + doing，首字母空大概率考动名词： 3. look forward to doing 3. pay attention to doing 3. stick to doing 3. get used to doing 3. be busy doing 3. keep (on) doing 3. be afraid of doing 四、首字母填空 4 步解题技巧（考场实战） 步骤 1：看首字母，锁定动词短语 看到 l/t/m/g/p/c/k，优先回忆对应动词短语，不要孤立猜单词。 步骤 2：判时态（最关键） · 句中有 every day, usually, often → 一般现在时，注意三单变形 · 句中有 yesterday, last..., ago → 一般过去时，用过去式 · 句中有 am/is/are → 现在进行时，用 doing · 句中有 have/has → 现在完成时，用 过去分词 步骤 3：查固定搭配（介词 + 非谓语） 遇到 to/of/for/at/in 等介词，立刻反应：后面接 doing。 步骤 4：通读整句 / 短文，核对逻辑 填完后翻译整句话，检查语义是否通顺，避免 “单词对、搭配错”。 五、配套小练习（5 道真题风格题，当堂检测） 1. We are l____ forward to the summer holiday. (looking) 2. My father t____ part in a volunteer activity yesterday. (took) 3. Never g____ up when you face difficulties. (give) 4. Please p____ away your school things. (put) 5. Keep o____ practicing, and your English will be better. (on) 补充使用建议 1. 每日任务：每天背诵 1 个动词系列 + 默写变形 + 做 5 道首字母小题； 2. 刷题重点：优先选动词短语密集的首字母真题短文； 3. 错题整理：专门记录 put/cut 同形变形、to+doing 这类易错题，反复复盘。 2026 上海中考英语 首字母填空专项训练（20 题・动词短语专练） 说明：全部围绕之前 135 个核心短语命题，聚焦时态、变形、固定搭配、易错考点，满分 100 分，每题 5 分。答案 + 详细解析附在文末，建议先独立作答。 一、练习题 根据句意及首字母提示，补全单词，每空一词。 1. My sister usually l____ after our pet cat when my parents are busy. 2. You can l____ up the new words in your dictionary if you don’t know them. 3. All of us are l____ forward to the coming school trip. 4. Many students t____ part in the English speech contest last Friday. 5. The plane t____ off at eight o’clock this morning. 6. The sports meeting will t____ place next week. 7. He has m____ great progress in English during this term. 8. Don’t be afraid of m____ mistakes when you speak English. 9. We m____ a lot of new friends when we joined the club. 10. I usually g____ up at half past six every morning. 11. She g____ along well with all her classmates. 12. Never g____ up easily when you meet difficulties. 13. Please p____ on your jacket. It’s cold outside. 14. We p____ up some beautiful pictures on the wall yesterday. 15. The firemen p____ out the big fire successfully last night. 16. My dream will c____ true one day if I work hard. 17. He c____ up with a wonderful plan to solve the problem just now. 18. Keep o____ practicing every day, and you will improve a lot. 19. We should k____ in touch with our old friends. 20. Please pay a____ to your handwriting while doing homework. 二、参考答案 & 考点解析 1. looks 考点：look after 照顾；一般现在时，主语 my sister 为三单，动词变三单。 2. look 考点：look up 查阅；情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 3. looking 考点：look forward to 期待；be 动词 are 后接现在分词，现在进行时。 4. took 考点：take part in 参加；时间状语 last Friday，一般过去时，take→took。 5. took 考点：take off 起飞；时间状语 this morning，动作已发生，用过去式 took。 6. take 考点：take place 发生；will 后接动词原形。 7. made 考点：make progress 取得进步；现在完成时，has + 过去分词，make→made。 8. making 考点：make mistakes 犯错；固定搭配 be afraid of doing sth.，介词后接动名词。 9. made 考点：make friends 交朋友；when 引导的从句为一般过去时，主句时态一致，make→made。 10. get 考点：get up 起床；every morning 表常态，一般现在时，主语 I 后用原形。 11. gets 考点：get along with 相处；一般现在时，主语 she 为三单，get→gets。 12. give 考点：give up 放弃；祈使句，动词用原形。 13. put 考点：put on 穿上；祈使句，动词用原形。 14. put 考点：put up 张贴；yesterday 为过去时，put 原形、过去式同形。 15. put 考点：put out 扑灭；last night 为过去时，put 变形不变。 16. come 考点：come true 实现；will 后接动词原形。 17. came 考点：come up with 想出；just now（刚才）表过去，come→came。 18. on 考点：keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事，固定介词搭配。 19. keep 考点：keep in touch with 保持联系；情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 20. attention 考点：pay attention to 注意，固定名词搭配，中考高频短语。 三、错题复盘提示 1. 高频易错点：put 三态同形（原形 / 过去式 / 过去分词），不要误写成 putted； 2. 搭配陷阱：look forward to / be afraid of / pay attention to 后接 doing，是首字母填空必考坑点； 3. 时态判断：看到 yesterday/last.../just now 优先用过去式；every day/usually 优先三单形式。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $