暑假作业07 动词的时态与语态（巩固培优）高一英语通用版

**基本信息** 以“定义-规则-应用”逻辑构建动词时态语态专项训练，系统提炼标志词解题、时态呼应等方法，覆盖高考核心题型，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |定义与基本用法|8项核心规则|标志词快速定位法、主谓关系判断法、时态呼应规则|从概念定义（动作时间与主被动关系）到用法规则（构成/结构/标志词），形成“概念-规则-易错点”认知链| |综合题型训练|单选15题+语法填空35题+句型转换20题+短文语法填空2篇|主动被动转换技巧、时态转换公式、长难句嵌套分析|通过不同题型（选择/填空/转换/语篇）实现从单一知识点到综合应用的能力迁移，强化语境中语言运用能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业07 动词的时态与语态 一、定义 动词时态是表示动作或状态发生时间、存在方式的动词形式，体现动作的先后与延续；语态是表明主语与谓语动词之间主被动关系的语法形式，分为主动语态和被动语态。二者是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作及长难句分析中必考核心考点。 二、基本用法 1. 时态构成：时态由“助动词/情态动词 + 实义动词”构成，高考重点考查一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行等常用时态。 2. 语态结构：被动语态基本结构为“be + 过去分词”，be 动词有时态、人称和数的变化，主动表被动的情况仅适用于特定动词与固定句型。 3. 时态标志词：一般现在用 often/usually/every day；一般过去用 yesterday/last year；现在完成用 since/for/recently；过去完成用 by + 过去时间，是快速解题关键。 4. 时态呼应规则：宾语从句中主句为过去时，从句常用相应过去时态；真理或客观事实始终用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。 5. 被动语态适用：主语是动作承受者、不知动作执行者、强调动作承受者时使用；不及物动词无被动语态，如 happen、appear、occur 等。 6. 高频易错点：have been done 为现在完成时被动，had been done 为过去完成时被动；主动表被动如 sell well、wash easily 等为高考常考特殊结构。 7. 特殊时态用法：come/go/leave 等趋向动词可用进行时表将来；by the time 引导从句时，主句常用完成时态。 8. 长难句应用：时态语态常嵌套在定语从句、名词性从句中，判断时态需先锁定时间状语，判断语态需分清主谓逻辑关系。 一、单项选择 1．The 2025 Spring Festival Gala ________ by millions of families across the country every year. A．watches B．is watched C．has watched D．was watched 2．My teacher told me that light ________ faster than sound in physics class. A．travels B．traveled C．will travel D．has traveled 3．I ________ English with my partner for nearly one hour before class yesterday. A．practiced B．have practiced C．had practiced D．was practicing 4．Look! The students ________ a heated discussion about how to protect traditional culture. A．have B．had C．are having D．will have 5．Great changes ________ in my hometown in the past ten years. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．had taken place 6．These ancient books ________ well and ________ on the Internet soon. A．sell; will sell B．sell; will be sold C．are sold; will sell D．are sold; will be sold 7．By the time I got to the station, the train ________ already ________. A．has; left B．had; left C．will; leave D．was; leaving 8．A new sports center ________ in our school next term to enrich students’ after-school life. A．builds B．will build C．will be built D．has been built 9．My parents ________ to see me if I have time this weekend. A．come B．have come C．will come D．were coming 10．The problem ________ at the meeting now will be recorded in the school report. A．discussed B．being discussed C．is discussed D．is discussing 11．So far, we ________ more than 500 English words in senior high school. A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．had learned 12．When I entered the classroom, my classmates ________ quietly. A．read B．are reading C．were reading D．have read 13．These flowers ________ once a day, or they will die soon. A．must water B．must be watered C．water D．have watered 14．I ________ to the library this afternoon because I have to finish my book report. A．go B．went C．am going D．have gone 15．It is said that another bridge ________ over the river in the near future. A．will build B．will be built C．has built D．was built 二、单句语法填空 16. He ________ (visit) many ancient scenic spots in China since he came here last year. 17. Look! A group of students ________ (volunteer) to clean the community street at the moment. 18. The new teaching building ________ (complete) and put into use at the end of last month. 19. My father ________ (work) in this factory for twenty years and he loves his job deeply. 20. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ (start) already. 21. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius under normal atmospheric pressure. 22. More environmental protection activities ________ (hold) in our school next semester. 23. I ________ (read) English newspapers every morning to improve my reading skills. 24. When it rained heavily yesterday, we ________ (have) an English class in the classroom. 25. This kind of book ________ (sell) well in the bookstore because of its practical content. 26. So far, our team ________ (finish) most tasks of the school cultural activity. 27. The old house ________ (repair) now to protect the local historical culture. 28. He ________ (not realize) his mistakes until his teacher pointed them out. 29. New opportunities ________ (bring) to us with the development of modern technology. 30. She ________ (learn) piano for six years and she plays it very well now. 31. So far, many traditional Chinese arts ________ (protect) and passed down from generation to generation. 32. A lecture on environmental protection ________ (hold) in our school hall next Monday afternoon. 33. When I entered the classroom, my classmates ________ (discuss) how to improve their reading skills. 34. More and more high-tech products ________ (invent) in recent years to make our life more convenient. 35. If we keep practicing every day, we ________ (make) great progress in our English learning soon. 一、句型转换 1．People plant many trees every year to protect our living environment.（改为被动语态） →Many trees ________ ________ by people every year to protect our living environment. 2．I finished my homework before my mother came back yesterday.（改为过去完成时） →I ________ ________ my homework before my mother came back yesterday. 3．The school will hold a sports meeting next Friday.（改为被动语态） →A sports meeting ________ ________ ________ by the school next Friday. 4．He began to learn English five years ago.（改为现在完成时） →He ________ ________ English for five years. 5．We are repairing the old library at present.（改为被动语态） →The old library ________ ________ ________ by us at present. 6．We will hold a meaningful graduation ceremony in our school hall next week.（改为被动语态） →A meaningful graduation ceremony ________ ________ in our school hall by us next week. 7．The local government has built several new libraries in the community recently.（改为被动语态） →Several new libraries ________ ________ ________ by the local government in the community recently. 8．Students are discussing some useful reading skills in the classroom now.（改为被动语态） →Some useful reading skills ________ ________ ________ by students in the classroom now. 9．Our teacher asked us to finish the English writing task before Friday.（改为被动语态） →We ________ ________ by our teacher to finish the English writing task before Friday. 10．People can see plenty of amazing cultural works in this city museum.（改为被动语态） →Plenty of amazing cultural works ________ ________ ________ by people in this city museum. 二、完成句子 11．Great changes ________ (take) place in our city over the past few years. 2．A new park ________ (build) in our community and it will open to the public soon. 13．When I saw him, he ________ (read) books quietly in the classroom. 14．The teacher always tells us that practice ________ (make) perfect in our study life. 15．All the homework must ________ (finish) before you go out to play outside. 16．More high-speed railways ________ (build) in our country in the following years to improve transportation. 17．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown since I left here ten years ago. 18．These traditional skills ________ (pass) down from generation to generation over the centuries. 19．If more trees ________ (plant) around our city, the environment will become much better. 20．A new international school ________ (set) up in this area last year to offer better education. 三、英汉互译 21．迄今为止，我们已经掌握了大量实用的英语学习技巧。（现在完成时）（汉译英） 22．每年春天，校园里的各种各样的鲜花都会被学生精心照料。（一般现在时被动）（汉译英） 23．当老师走进教室时，同学们正在热烈讨论学习计划。（过去进行时）（汉译英） 24．一座现代化的体育馆将于明年在我们学校建成并投入使用。（将来时被动）（汉译英） 25．熟能生巧，长期坚持练习能帮助我们提升综合能力。（一般现在时）（汉译英） 26．每年都有大量志愿者参与社区服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。（一般现在时被动）（汉译英） 27．这座古老的寺庙已经被当地政府保护了数百年。（现在完成时被动）（汉译英） 28．明年这里将修建一座新的图书馆来满足学生的阅读需求。（一般将来时被动）（汉译英） 29．Many traditional Chinese arts are being learned and spread by more young people nowadays.（现在进行时被动）（英译汉） 30．当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。（过去完成时）（汉译英） 短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. A As I 1 (get) off the airplane, I called the woman I would be traveling with for the next leg of my journey. We chatted while I rapidly walked through the Boston airport; she assured (使确信) me I was heading in the correct direction, even though the way to the gate 2 we were meeting was long and strange for me. While I listened to her, I thought of how she sounded exactly like a friend of 3 (I) who grew up in the same city with me. After a couple of hallways and unclear signs, I saw her. We said hello in person for the first time and shortly thereafter boarded a 4 (fly) to Portugal. For the next two years we worked, lived 5 played together. Our adventures included sightseeing trips throughout Europe and 6 (enjoy) lots of coffee. Although we haven't lived in the same place for three years, our friendship continues to deepen through occasional (偶 尔 的) visits and regular phone calls and text messages. The story above is one example of the many friendships I have built because of my years 7 a cross-cultural worker. From organizational training meetings to connection groups — my friendships and network 8 (regular) grew. However, the growth wasn’t simply a long list of 9 (friend). Instead, my friendships provided me with a window into the diversity (多样性) 10 (find) in a cross-cultural world. B Throughout China’s long past, no animal 1 (affect) its history as greatly as the horse. Ever since its introduction in China, the horse has been a significant figure in the creation and 2 (survive) of the Middle Kingdom (中国). In Chinese tradition, horses 3 (see) as symbols of boundless energy, loyalty and a deep connection with humans. In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Red Hare is Lv Bu’s fiery (火焰般的) steed, 4 later kept loyal to Guan Yu. When Guan died, it starved 5 (it) to follow him. Horses particularly featured in Chinese art. During the Tang Dynasty, the horse, inseparable 6 wealth, fame and social status, was a much-loved subject for painting and sculpture. Deeply rooted in Chinese mythology, horses are often regarded as supernatural and 7 (promise) creatures, becoming the subject of legends and folk beliefs. 8 example is the Tian Ma, the heavenly horse, thought to be able to run 300 miles a day and sweat blood at the end of its journey. The animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖) change annually. The horse is the seventh of 12 animals; the characteristics of people 9 (bear) in this year include loyalty, vitality, charm and sociability. This is not a personality test 10 a cultural metaphor used to describe patterns instead. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业07 动词的时态与语态 一、定义 动词时态是表示动作或状态发生时间、存在方式的动词形式，体现动作的先后与延续；语态是表明主语与谓语动词之间主被动关系的语法形式，分为主动语态和被动语态。二者是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作及长难句分析中必考核心考点。 二、基本用法 1. 时态构成：时态由“助动词/情态动词 + 实义动词”构成，高考重点考查一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行等常用时态。 2. 语态结构：被动语态基本结构为“be + 过去分词”，be 动词有时态、人称和数的变化，主动表被动的情况仅适用于特定动词与固定句型。 3. 时态标志词：一般现在用 often/usually/every day；一般过去用 yesterday/last year；现在完成用 since/for/recently；过去完成用 by + 过去时间，是快速解题关键。 4. 时态呼应规则：宾语从句中主句为过去时，从句常用相应过去时态；真理或客观事实始终用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。 5. 被动语态适用：主语是动作承受者、不知动作执行者、强调动作承受者时使用；不及物动词无被动语态，如 happen、appear、occur 等。 6. 高频易错点：have been done 为现在完成时被动，had been done 为过去完成时被动；主动表被动如 sell well、wash easily 等为高考常考特殊结构。 7. 特殊时态用法：come/go/leave 等趋向动词可用进行时表将来；by the time 引导从句时，主句常用完成时态。 8. 长难句应用：时态语态常嵌套在定语从句、名词性从句中，判断时态需先锁定时间状语，判断语态需分清主谓逻辑关系。 一、单项选择 1．The 2025 Spring Festival Gala ________ by millions of families across the country every year. A．watches B．is watched C．has watched D．was watched 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：每年全国数百万家庭都会观看春晚。根据every year用一般现在时，晚会被观看用被动。故选B。 2．My teacher told me that light ________ faster than sound in physics class. A．travels B．traveled C．will travel D．has traveled 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：物理课上老师告诉我光比声音传播得快。客观真理永远用一般现在时。故选A。 3．I ________ English with my partner for nearly one hour before class yesterday. A．practiced B．have practiced C．had practiced D．was practicing 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：昨天课前我和搭档练了近一小时英语。yesterday为过去时间标志，用一般过去时。故选A。 4．Look! The students ________ a heated discussion about how to protect traditional culture. A．have B．had C．are having D．will have 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：看！学生们正在热烈讨论如何保护传统文化。Look提示动作正在进行。故选C。 5．Great changes ________ in my hometown in the past ten years. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．had taken place 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：过去十年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。in the past ten years为现在完成时标志。故选B。 6．These ancient books ________ well and ________ on the Internet soon. A．sell; will sell B．sell; will be sold C．are sold; will sell D．are sold; will be sold 【答案】B 【解析】考查主动表被动与一般将来时被动。句意：这些古籍很畅销，很快将在网上出售。sell well主动表被动，后空用将来时被动。故选B。 7．By the time I got to the station, the train ________ already ________. A．has; left B．had; left C．will; leave D．was; leaving 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。by the time+过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选B。 8．A new sports center ________ in our school next term to enrich students’ after-school life. A．builds B．will build C．will be built D．has been built 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：下学期我校将建一座新体育中心丰富课余生活。next term用将来时，中心被建造用被动。故选C。 9．My parents ________ to see me if I have time this weekend. A．come B．have come C．will come D．were coming 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：如果这周末我有空，父母会来看我。if条件句遵循主将从现规则。故选C。 10．The problem ________ at the meeting now will be recorded in the school report. A．discussed B．being discussed C．is discussed D．is discussing 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动作定语。句意：现在会上正在讨论的问题将被记入校报。now提示正在被讨论。故选B。 11．So far, we ________ more than 500 English words in senior high school. A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．had learned 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，我们高中已学了五百多个英语单词。so far为现在完成时标志。故选C。 12．When I entered the classroom, my classmates ________ quietly. A．read B．are reading C．were reading D．have read 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：我进教室时，同学们正在安静读书。过去某一时刻正在进行用过去进行时。故选C。 13．These flowers ________ once a day, or they will die soon. A．must water B．must be watered C．water D．have watered 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：这些花必须每天浇一次，否则很快会枯死。花被浇水用被动。故选B。 14．I ________ to the library this afternoon because I have to finish my book report. A．go B．went C．am going D．have gone 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时表将来。句意：我今天下午要去图书馆，因为得完成读书报告。趋向动词用进行时表计划。故选C。 15．It is said that another bridge ________ over the river in the near future. A．will build B．will be built C．has built D．was built 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：据说不久后河上将再建一座桥。in the near future用将来时，桥被建造用被动。故选B。 二、单句语法填空 16. He ________ (visit) many ancient scenic spots in China since he came here last year. 【答案】has visited 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自去年来到这里，他已经游览了中国许多古迹。since引导从句，主句用现在完成时。故填has visited。 17. Look! A group of students ________ (volunteer) to clean the community street at the moment. 【答案】are volunteering 【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：看！一群学生此刻正在社区街道做志愿清扫工作。Look提示动作正在发生。故填are volunteering。 18. The new teaching building ________ (complete) and put into use at the end of last month. 【答案】was completed 【解析】考查一般过去时被动。句意：新教学楼在上月末完工并投入了使用。教学楼被建造，过去时间用一般过去时被动。故填was completed。 19. My father ________ (work) in this factory for twenty years and he loves his job deeply. 【答案】has worked 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：我父亲在这家工厂工作二十年了，他深深热爱这份工作。for+时间段表动作持续至今。故填has worked。 20. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ (start) already. 【答案】had started 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我们到达电影院时，电影早已开始了。“过去的过去”需用过去完成时。故填had started。 21. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius under normal atmospheric pressure. 【答案】boils 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：标准大气压下，水在100摄氏度沸腾。客观真理用一般现在时。故填boils。 22. More environmental protection activities ________ (hold) in our school next semester. 【答案】will be held 【解析】考查一般将来时被动。句意：下学期我校将举办更多的环保主题活动。next semester表将来，活动被举办。故填will be held。 23. I ________ (read) English newspapers every morning to improve my reading skills. 【答案】read 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：我每天早上阅读英文报纸，以此提升自己的阅读能力。every morning表经常性动作。故填read。 24. When it rained heavily yesterday, we ________ (have) an English class in the classroom. 【答案】were having 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天大雨滂沱时，我们正在教室里上英语课。过去某时刻正在进行动作用过去进行时。故填were having。 25. This kind of book ________ (sell) well in the bookstore because of its practical content. 【答案】sells 【解析】考查主动表被动。句意：这类书籍因内容实用，在书店里十分畅销。sell well主动形式表被动含义。故填sells。 26. So far, our team ________ (finish) most tasks of the school cultural activity. 【答案】has finished 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：迄今为止，我们团队已经完成了校园文化活动的大部分任务。so far为现在完成时标志。故填has finished。 27. The old house ________ (repair) now to protect the local historical culture. 【答案】is being repaired 【解析】考查现在进行时被动。句意：为保护当地历史文化，这座老房子目前正在修缮。now提示动作正在被进行。故填is being repaired。 28. He ________ (not realize) his mistakes until his teacher pointed them out. 【答案】didn’t realize 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：直到老师指出问题，他才意识到自己的错误。pointed为过去式，时态保持一致。故填didn’t realize。 29. New opportunities ________ (bring) to us with the development of modern technology. 【答案】are brought 【解析】考查一般现在时被动。句意：随着现代科技的发展，新的机遇被带给我们。表客观事实，机遇被带来。故填are brought。 30. She ________ (learn) piano for six years and she plays it very well now. 【答案】has learned 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：她已经学了六年钢琴，如今弹奏得十分出色。for+时间段体现动作持续至今。故填has learned。 31. So far, many traditional Chinese arts ________ (protect) and passed down from generation to generation. 【答案】have been protected 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。so far 为完成时标志，arts 与 protect 为被动关系。故填have been protected。 32. A lecture on environmental protection ________ (hold) in our school hall next Monday afternoon. 【答案】will be held 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。next Monday 表将来，lecture 与 hold 为被动关系。故填will be held。 33. When I entered the classroom, my classmates ________ (discuss) how to improve their reading skills. 【答案】were discussing 【解析】考查过去进行时。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用 were/was doing 结构。故填were discussing。 34. More and more high-tech products ________ (invent) in recent years to make our life more convenient. 【答案】have been invented 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。in recent years 提示完成时，products 与 invent 为被动关系。故填have been invented。 35. If we keep practicing every day, we ________ (make) great progress in our English learning soon. 【答案】will make 【解析】考查一般将来时。if 引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句用将来时。故填will make。 一、句型转换 1．People plant many trees every year to protect our living environment.（改为被动语态） →Many trees ________ ________ by people every year to protect our living environment. 【答案】are planted 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：人们每年种植大量树木来保护我们的生存环境。一般现在时被动结构为be+过去分词，主语为复数。故填are planted。 2．I finished my homework before my mother came back yesterday.（改为过去完成时） →I ________ ________ my homework before my mother came back yesterday. 【答案】had finished 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：昨天妈妈回来之前，我就已经完成了作业。“过去的过去”需用过去完成时had done。故填had finished。 3．The school will hold a sports meeting next Friday.（改为被动语态） →A sports meeting ________ ________ ________ by the school next Friday. 【答案】will be held 【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：学校将于下周五举办一场运动会。将来时被动结构为will be+过去分词。故填will be held。 4．He began to learn English five years ago.（改为现在完成时） →He ________ ________ English for five years. 【答案】has learned 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：他已经学习英语五年了。for+时间段为现在完成时标志，主语为单数。故填has learned。 5．We are repairing the old library at present.（改为被动语态） →The old library ________ ________ ________ by us at present. 【答案】is being repaired 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：我们目前正在修缮这座旧图书馆。现在进行时被动为be being done结构。故填is being repaired。 6．We will hold a meaningful graduation ceremony in our school hall next week.（改为被动语态） →A meaningful graduation ceremony ________ ________ in our school hall by us next week. 【答案】will be held 【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：下周我们将在学校礼堂举办一场有意义的毕业典礼。一般将来时被动结构为will be+过去分词，hold的过去分词为held。故填will be held。 7．The local government has built several new libraries in the community recently.（改为被动语态） →Several new libraries ________ ________ ________ by the local government in the community recently. 【答案】have been built 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：当地政府最近在社区建了好几座新图书馆。现在完成时被动结构为have/has been+过去分词，主语为复数。故填have been built。 8．Students are discussing some useful reading skills in the classroom now.（改为被动语态） →Some useful reading skills ________ ________ ________ by students in the classroom now. 【答案】are being discussed 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：学生们此刻正在教室里讨论一些实用的阅读技巧。现在进行时被动结构为be being+过去分词，主语为复数。故填are being discussed。 9．Our teacher asked us to finish the English writing task before Friday.（改为被动语态） →We ________ ________ by our teacher to finish the English writing task before Friday. 【答案】were asked 【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：老师要求我们周五前完成英语写作任务。一般过去时被动结构为was/were+过去分词，主语为we。故填were asked。 10．People can see plenty of amazing cultural works in this city museum.（改为被动语态） →Plenty of amazing cultural works ________ ________ ________ by people in this city museum. 【答案】can be seen 【解析】考查情态动词被动语态。句意：人们在这座城市博物馆能看到众多精彩的文化作品。情态动词被动结构为情态动词+be+过去分词，see的过去分词为seen。故填can be seen。 二、完成句子 11．Great changes ________ (take) place in our city over the past few years. 【答案】have taken 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几年里，我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。over the past few years为现在完成时标志词。故填have taken。 12．A new park ________ (build) in our community and it will open to the public soon. 【答案】has been built 【解析】考查现在完成时被动。句意：我们小区新建了一座公园，不久将对公众开放。公园被建造，动作已完成且影响现在。故填has been built。 13．When I saw him, he ________ (read) books quietly in the classroom. 【答案】was reading 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：我看见他时，他正在教室里安静地看书。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作用过去进行时。故填was reading。 14．The teacher always tells us that practice ________ (make) perfect in our study life. 【答案】makes 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：老师常告诉我们，在学习中熟能生巧。客观真理恒用一般现在时，主语为单数。故填makes。 15．All the homework must ________ (finish) before you go out to play outside. 【答案】be finished 【解析】考查情态动词被动语态。句意：你出去玩之前必须完成所有的家庭作业。作业被完成，情态动词后用be+过去分词。故填be finished。 16．More high-speed railways ________ (build) in our country in the following years to improve transportation. 【答案】will be built 【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：未来几年我国将修建更多高速铁路以改善交通。铁路被修建，用will be+过去分词。故填will be built。 17．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown since I left here ten years ago. 【答案】have taken 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从十年前离开这里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。since引导从句，主句用现在完成时，take place无被动。故填have taken。 18．These traditional skills ________ (pass) down from generation to generation over the centuries. 【答案】have been passed 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：这些传统技艺几个世纪以来代代相传。技艺被传承，主语为复数，用have been+过去分词。故填have been passed。 19．If more trees ________ (plant) around our city, the environment will become much better. 【答案】are planted 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：如果我们城市周围种更多树，环境会变得好得多。条件状语从句用一般现在时，树被种植，故填are planted。 20．A new international school ________ (set) up in this area last year to offer better education. 【答案】was set 【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：去年这个地区建成了一所新的国际学校以提供更好的教育。学校被建立，last year用一般过去时被动。故填was set。 三、英汉互译 21．迄今为止，我们已经掌握了大量实用的英语学习技巧。（现在完成时）（汉译英） 【答案】So far, we have mastered a lot of practical English learning skills. 【解析】考查现在完成时。so far为现在完成时标志，have done表动作持续至今。故译为：So far, we have mastered a lot of practical English learning skills. 22．每年春天，校园里的各种各样的鲜花都会被学生精心照料。（一般现在时被动）（汉译英） 【答案】All kinds of flowers in our school are carefully looked after by students every spring. 【解析】考查一般现在时被动。every spring表常态，鲜花被照料，用be+过去分词结构。故译为：All kinds of flowers in our school are carefully looked after by students every spring. 23．当老师走进教室时，同学们正在热烈讨论学习计划。（过去进行时）（汉译英） 【答案】When the teacher entered the classroom, students were discussing study plans heatedly. 【解析】考查过去进行时。过去瞬间正在发生的动作用was/were doing，贴合语境。故译为：When the teacher entered the classroom, students were discussing study plans heatedly. 24．一座现代化的体育馆将于明年在我们学校建成并投入使用。（将来时被动）（汉译英） 【答案】A modern stadium will be built and put into use in our school next year. 【解析】考查一般将来时被动。next year表将来，体育馆被建造，用will be done结构。故译为：A modern stadium will be built and put into use in our school next year. 25．熟能生巧，长期坚持练习能帮助我们提升综合能力。（一般现在时）（汉译英） 【答案】Practice makes perfect, and keeping practicing helps us improve comprehensive abilities. 【解析】考查一般现在时。客观规律、普遍道理用一般现在时，主语单数谓语用三单。故译为：Practice makes perfect, and keeping practicing helps us improve comprehensive abilities. 26．每年都有大量志愿者参与社区服务，为社会贡献自己的力量。（一般现在时被动）（汉译英） 【答案】A large number of volunteers are involved in community service every year to contribute to society. 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。表示经常性动作，“被参与”用are involved，主语为复数。 27．这座古老的寺庙已经被当地政府保护了数百年。（现在完成时被动）（汉译英） 【答案】This ancient temple has been protected by the local government for hundreds of years. 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。强调从过去持续到现在，结构为has been+过去分词。 28．明年这里将修建一座新的图书馆来满足学生的阅读需求。（一般将来时被动）（汉译英） 【答案】A new library will be built here next year to meet students' reading needs. 【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态。将来发生的被动动作，结构为will be+过去分词。 29．Many traditional Chinese arts are being learned and spread by more young people nowadays.（现在进行时被动）（英译汉） 【答案】如今许多中国传统艺术正被更多年轻人学习和传承。 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态。结构为are being done，译为“正在被……”。 30．当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。（过去完成时）（汉译英） 【答案】The train had already left when we arrived at the station. 【解析】考查过去完成时。“离开”发生在“到达”之前，用had+过去分词表示过去的过去。 短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. A As I 1 (get) off the airplane, I called the woman I would be traveling with for the next leg of my journey. We chatted while I rapidly walked through the Boston airport; she assured (使确信) me I was heading in the correct direction, even though the way to the gate 2 we were meeting was long and strange for me. While I listened to her, I thought of how she sounded exactly like a friend of 3 (I) who grew up in the same city with me. After a couple of hallways and unclear signs, I saw her. We said hello in person for the first time and shortly thereafter boarded a 4 (fly) to Portugal. For the next two years we worked, lived 5 played together. Our adventures included sightseeing trips throughout Europe and 6 (enjoy) lots of coffee. Although we haven't lived in the same place for three years, our friendship continues to deepen through occasional (偶 尔 的) visits and regular phone calls and text messages. The story above is one example of the many friendships I have built because of my years 7 a cross-cultural worker. From organizational training meetings to connection groups — my friendships and network 8 (regular) grew. However, the growth wasn’t simply a long list of 9 (friend). Instead, my friendships provided me with a window into the diversity (多样性) 10 (find) in a cross-cultural world. 【答案】 1．got 2．where 3．mine 4．flight 5．and 6．enjoying 7．as 8．regularly 9．friends 10．found 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在旅途中结识一位朋友，以及作者因多年从事跨文化工作而结交众多朋友的经历。 语法填空标准解析（适配高考模板） 1．walked 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当我走下飞机时，我给接下来一段旅程将要同行的那位女士打了电话。主句谓语called为一般过去时，从句时态保持一致，用一般过去时。故填walked。 2．where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们聊天时，我快步穿过波士顿机场；她向我保证我走的方向是正确的，尽管对我来说，我们见面的登机口的路又长又陌生。先行词为表地点的gate，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 3．mine 【解析】考查代词。句意：当我听她说话时，我想到她的声音听起来就像我在同一个城市长大的一个朋友。of后接名词性物主代词构成双重所有格，表示“我的一个朋友”。故填mine。 4．flight 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们第一次当面打招呼，不久就登上了飞往葡萄牙的航班。不定冠词a后接单数名词，flight表示“航班”。故填flight。 5．and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：在接下来的两年里，我们一起工作、生活、玩耍。三个谓语动词为并列关系，肯定句中用and连接。故填and。 6．enjoying 【解析】考查非谓语动词（动名词）。句意：我们的冒险活动包括在欧洲各地的观光旅行和享受大量的咖啡。include后接动名词作宾语，and连接并列动名词结构。故填enjoying。 7．as 【解析】考查介词。句意：上面的故事是我多年来作为一名跨文化工作者所建立的许多友谊中的一个例子。as作介词，意为“作为”，契合语境。故填as。 8．regularly 【解析】考查副词。句意：从组织培训会议到联系小组，我的友谊和网络不断增长。用副词修饰动词grew，regularly表示“经常地、持续地”。故填regularly。 9．friends 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：然而，这种增长不仅仅是一长串朋友。a list of后接可数名词复数形式。故填friends。 10．found 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，这些友谊为我打开了一扇了解跨文化世界中所存在多样性的窗户。谓语为provided，diversity与find为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填found。 11．is believed 【解析】考查动词时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：太极拳被联合国教科文组织认定为世界非物质文化遗产，据信起源于数百年前的中国。Tai Chi与believe为被动关系，表客观事实用一般现在时被动语态，主语为单数。故填is believed。 B Throughout China’s long past, no animal 1 (affect) its history as greatly as the horse. Ever since its introduction in China, the horse has been a significant figure in the creation and 2 (survive) of the Middle Kingdom (中国). In Chinese tradition, horses 3 (see) as symbols of boundless energy, loyalty and a deep connection with humans. In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Red Hare is Lv Bu’s fiery (火焰般的) steed, 4 later kept loyal to Guan Yu. When Guan died, it starved 5 (it) to follow him. Horses particularly featured in Chinese art. During the Tang Dynasty, the horse, inseparable 6 wealth, fame and social status, was a much-loved subject for painting and sculpture. Deeply rooted in Chinese mythology, horses are often regarded as supernatural and 7 (promise) creatures, becoming the subject of legends and folk beliefs. 8 example is the Tian Ma, the heavenly horse, thought to be able to run 300 miles a day and sweat blood at the end of its journey. The animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖) change annually. The horse is the seventh of 12 animals; the characteristics of people 9 (bear) in this year include loyalty, vitality, charm and sociability. This is not a personality test 10 a cultural metaphor used to describe patterns instead. 【答案】 1．has affected 2．survival 3．are seen 4．which 5．itself 6．from 7．promising 8．One/An 9．born 10．but 【导语】本文主要讲的是马在中国历史、文化、艺术和神话中的重要地位与深远影响。 1．has affected 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国漫长的历史长河中，没有哪种动物像马那样对国家的历史产生了如此深远的影响。Throughout China’s long past为现在完成时标志，主语no animal为单数，故填has affected。 2．survival 【解析】考查名词。句意：自从马被引入中国以来，它就是中华文明创立与延续中的一个重要角色。定冠词the后接名词，此处表示“延续、幸存”，故填survival。 3．are seen 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国文化中，马被视为充满无限活力、忠诚且与人类有着深厚联系的象征。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，horses与see为被动关系，主语为复数，故填are seen。 4．which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在《三国演义》中，赤兔马是吕布的火焰般的坐骑，后来它对关羽忠心耿耿。先行词Red Hare指物，引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，故填which。 5．itself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：关羽去世后，赤兔马绝食而死，追随主人而去。主语与宾语指代同一事物，应用反身代词，故填itself。 6．from 【解析】考查介词。句意：在唐朝时期，马与财富、声望以及社会地位紧密相连。固定短语inseparable from表示“与……密不可分”，故填from。 7．promising 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在中国神话中，马常被视为具有超自然力量且充满希望的生物。修饰名词creatures应用形容词，故填promising。 8．One/An 【解析】考查数词与冠词。句意：其中的一个例子就是“天马”。此处表示“一个例子”，example以元音音素开头，可用One或An，句首首字母大写，故填One/An。 9．born 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：出生在马年的人的性格特征包括忠诚、活力、魅力和善于社交。people与bear为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填born。 10．but 【解析】考查连词。句意：这不是一个性格测试，而是一种用来描述性格模式的文化隐喻。固定搭配not...but...表示“不是……而是……”，故填but。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $