期末专题：语法填空（专项训练）-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语核心语法，通过20篇语境化短文系统考查动词、代词、介词等语法点，强化语言运用能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |个人经历|5篇（如攀岩、考试经历）|阅读短文填单词或括号内词正确形式|动词时态/非谓语（如keep climbing）、代词（如yourself）等在个人叙事中的应用| |文化传统|4篇（如《西游记》、中国餐桌礼仪）|同上|名词复数（如roles）、形容词（如traditional）等在文化主题中的运用| |自然探索|3篇（如黄山徒步、马拉松）|同上|比较级（如more amazing）、介词（如at the risk of）等在自然场景中的语法逻辑| |社会生活|8篇（如健康安全、地震救援）|同上|连词（如but）、副词（如bravely）等在社会话题中的综合考查|

期末专题：语法填空 （1） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Last month, I went rock climbing with my school climbing club. At first, I felt relaxed because the first part was easy. But soon I met a cliff. I became very 1 (stress) and wanted to give up. My friend Tom said, “Don’t let 2 (you) down. Every climber faces 3 (difficulty). The key is to get over them step by step.” Suddenly, I remembered what my father once told me: “You need to learn to manage your emotions.” I decided not 4 (stop). I took 5 deep breath and kept 6 (climb). Finally, I reached the top. Looking down, I saw a beautiful valley with a small lake at the bottom. The view was even 7 (amazing) than I had imagined. I 8 (feel) a sense of wonder about nature. After that experience, I made up my mind to do more sports. I am busy with schoolwork, 9 I still go climbing every weekend. It not only builds up my body but also helps me relax. My parents are proud 10 my growth. （2） 阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置 (如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词) 。 Do you like Journey to the West? I 11 (read) the book twice. It is a 12 (tradition) Chinese book. This famous novel was written by Wu Cheng’en, a great writer in the Ming Dynasty. He spent many years 13 (create) this wonderful story. The Monkey King or Sun Wukong is one of the main 14 (role) in the book. The Monkey King, who is loved by Chinese children, is not just a normal monkey. He was born from a magic stone on Huaguoshan Mountain. He can make 72 changes and turn 15 (he) into different animals and objects. He can’t turn himself into a man 16 he can’t hide his tail. The Monkey King uses a stick to fight bad people 17 (brave). Sometimes, he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. As soon as the TV programme came out more than 30 years ago, children became 18 (interest) in reading this story. The Monkey King is really smart. He keeps fighting 19 (help) the weak (弱小的) and never gives up. Besides the Monkey King, the book also tells about his other teammates: Tang Seng, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing. They travel together to the West to get sacred scriptures (佛经) . This story not only brings joy to kids but 20 teaches people to be brave and kind. （3） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know about the marathon (马拉松)? It’s not only a long-distance running race but also 21 test of spirit. Many people run marathons to challenge 22 (they) and experience the spirit of “never giving up”. Wang Lei’s favourite hobby is running, and he 23 (run) every day. 24 he was a middle school student, he ran a marathon last year. At first, his parents were worried because the race was too 25 (difficulty). But Wang Lei insisted (坚持). He made a training plan and stuck to it 26 (strict). Every morning, he got up early and ran for an hour. On weekends, he ran much 27 (long) distances. When he wanted to give 28 , he always reminded himself of his goal. On the day of the marathon, the weather 29 (be) a bit hot. Wang Lei felt good at first. But after thirty 30 (kilometre), there was a strong pain in his legs. He wanted to stop, but he saw the other 31 (player) around him keep going. He thought about all his hard training and told himself not 32 (stop) running. Finally, Wang Lei 33 (cross) the finish line. He didn’t get a prize, but he felt very proud 34 himself. He says, “The experience made my love for running, my favourite hobby, even stronger. I 35 (face) difficulties bravely (勇敢地) from now on.” （4） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Being healthy and safe is of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily had a cough and felt really 36 (terrible). Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had 37 high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor checked her carefully. He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 38 a very bad cold. He gave her some pills and 39 (advise) her to have a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw a man riding a bike in front. He lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 40 (bad), and there was even a small injury on his hand. Lily and her mother ran to help him without thinking twice. They used the first aid knowledge they learned 41 (deal) with the injury. Then they called 120 for help. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people should always pay close attention to 42 (they), especially their health. And when people are outside, they must be careful about 43 (safe) to avoid any harm. What’s more, knowing some first aid skills can be really helpful when we face 44 (ill) or accidents. We should also remember that a clean environment is good for our health, 45 we should try our best to protect it. （5） 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses 46 important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then 47 (break) it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe 48 (fast) than before, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone. But sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger 49 (quiet). For example, you may hide it 50 your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you 51 (get) angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or 52 (you). When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s 53 (help) to talk about your anger with an adult, such as a parent, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad 54 (feeling) can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do 55 you start to feel angry: talk to a good friend, count from 1 to 100, give someone a hug (拥抱), go for a bike ride, think about good things, etc. Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you. （6） In traditional Chinese culture, a father’s love is often quiet but strong. They may show their love 56 (different), but this love is always as deep as the ocean. Zeng Guofan was 57 official leader in the Qing Dynasty. He was a busy man, but he always found time 58 (write) letters to his children. Zeng paid great attention 59 his children’s personal growth. Through his letters, he set family rules and taught his sons to review (温习) them often. He kept 60 (follow) up on this work through his letters. Lu Xun was one of China’s greatest 61 (writer) of the 20th century. 62 he is known and respected for his sharp writing, he was simply a gentle father to his son, Zhou Haiying. When Haiying was little, the family lived in Shanghai. In summer, the wet weather 63 (bring) the boy out in a rash (皮疹). Every evening, he ran to his father’s room and lay on the bed. Lu Xun then came in with some unguent (药膏), and he gently put it on Haiying’s skin. The boy’s skin cooled, but his heart got warm. Lu Xun liked to write letters with different kinds of paper. The most 64 (excite) thing for Haiying was to choose the “right” paper for his father. Lu Xun always accepted his son’s ideas. These fathers express their love in 65 (they) own ways. Fatherly love is different, but its strength holds a family together. Fatherly love is passed on from generation to generation. （7） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last weekend, my brother and I went on an exciting hike to Mount Huangshan. The weather was 66 (change)——one moment the sun was shining, and later,clouds covered the sky. At the risk 67 getting wet, we still decided to keep going. We walked three miles without feeling tired.My brother, who dreams of being an 68 (explore), showed the way. He pointed out 69 (usual) rocks, strange pines and a sea of clouds. And I followed him closely. The 70 (high) we climbed, the cooler the air became. The temperature dropped by a few degrees, so we quickly put on our jackets. Along the path, we met a friendly climber who told us about the best places to see. We stopped to enjoy colorful flowers and Jiulong Waterfall. I enjoyed 71 (take) photos of the scenery, and the sound of running water made everything peaceful. Bit by bit, the sky turned orange as the sun began to set. Finally, we reached the top 72 (successful). The sight was even more amazing than we expected 73 it felt like we were on the top of the world! We were excited and took 74 photo together, recording the perfect moment. Though the hike was a little 75 (risk) at times, it was an experience we would never forget. That night, as we walked back, I realized that even small trips can bring great happiness. （8） To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the 76 (great) wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to 77 (touch) the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the 78 (northern) side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but 79 Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb. 80 24th May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. People said it was so high 81 even birds could not reach it. Until 2007, almost all 82 (climber) used a ladder that was brought by a Chinese team in 1975 to reach the top much 83 （fast). Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 84 (successful), but many fail. People still risk 85 (their) lives to climb the highest mountain because of human curiosity and ambition. （9） The West Lake is 86 unusual natural wonder in China. It is the 87 (great) place to relax among all local scenic spots. It covers hundreds of square 88 (kilometre). The lake is 3 metres 89 depth and the water is clean all year round. Nowadays, many students face great study pressure. They are usually upset and nervous on school days. We will not enjoy our trip fully 90 we slow down and enjoy the views. Some teenagers care too much about their grades and they are too hard on 91 (they) all the time. When you walk around the West Lake, you can forget all your worries 92 (successful). The wonderful trip also 93 (include) green trees, lovely birds and quiet paths. We can spend much time 94 (walk) slowly along the bank and feel 95 (relax). （10） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I had made good preparations for my English exam, so I felt 96 (confidence) . However, everything went wrong on the morning of the test. I woke up feeling 97 (terrible) nervous. The weather was the 98 (bad) of the year — heavy rain and strong wind. I left home early, but the bus was so late that I almost missed the exam. As 99 result, I arrived at school with only five minutes to spare. I told 100 (I) to stay focused, but my heart was still racing. To make things worse, I found out that the exam room had been changed, and I 101 my breath. I am usually confident, but this time my hands were shaking so much 102 I could hardly write. The listening part 103 (be) too fast, and I missed several questions. Finally, I left many blanks. When I checked my answers, I realized I had made stupid 104 (mistake). But it was already too late. I learned from the experience that the key to 105 (enjoy) life is to stay calm no matter what happens and not to let one bad mood ruin your day. （11） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 This disaster was the 106 (surprise) event the village had seen in recent years. A reporter volunteered 107 (interview) the villagers because he truly believed his truthful report would go 108 long way toward helping the village. But when the reporter arrived, he found that people stayed calm. 109 (thank), the villagers acted in an orderly way after the storm. Some elders 110 (review) how they could better protect their homes next time while some young men were trying to repair the roofs that had come 111 . People even managed to protect precious 112 (culture) ancient places from further harm. Security 113 (guard) made sure no danger would threaten women and children. Everyone was thinking about 114 they could do. They waited patiently 115 the rescue teams finally arrived. Even facing great loss, every villager held firm hope for a bright new future. （12） It was a quiet night. Most people in the town were sleeping when a strong earthquake (地震) 116 (sudden) hit. The ground shook hard, and many 117 (house) fell down. People ran out of their homes, shouting and crying. When the earthquake stopped, rescue (救援) teams from all over the country hurried to the town. At 6 a.m., soldiers (士兵) 118 (look) for people under the buildings. “We 119 (find) ten people alive (活的) since we arrived,” one soldier told the reporter. At the same time, volunteers there were cleaning up the street, handing 120 the food and putting up tents for the homeless. A young nurse named Lucy worked 121 (hard) than anyone else. She said, “I hope 122 (help) as many people as possible.” In a school in the town, teachers were teaching children some safety skills. “Cover your head with your arms and hide under 123 desk during an earthquake,” Mr. Liu said. “And always remember to protect 124 (you) first.” After three days, most people were safe. “This is the most successful rescue I’ve ever seen,” said a reporter. People from different places worked together, sharing food, water, and love. 125 the earthquake broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together. （13） China is 126 nation of etiquette. According to traditional Chinese manners, there are strict rules about people’s 127 (day) life, like the way of walking, standing, the polite behavior when meeting up with people, as well as table manners. Chinese table manners are part of Chinese diet culture. Now let me tell you how 128 (order) dishes in China. Ordering dishes is an 129 (importance) part of Chinese table manners. If time permits (允许), the menu will be passed among the people in attendance. If you are the host, make the final decision after asking for 130 (other) opinions. If you are one of the 131 (guest), you may order an inexpensive and a commonly favourite dish. Chinese table manners advocate (提倡) that we must think about others’ dietary habits. For example, some people are vegetarians, and they don’t eat any kind 132 meat. When in China, you are encouraged to respect and follow the local dining manners. 133 , make sure you also try the local specialties (特产) and have an interesting food tour. The most popular dishes at a Chinese banquet (宴会) 134 (be) fried spring rolls, dumplings, large meatballs, Kung Pao Chicken. If you 135 (travel) around, don’t miss the Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup (羊肉泡馍) in Xi’an, hot pot in Chengdu or Chongqing, instant-boiled mutton (涮羊肉) in Beijing, beer fish in Yangshuo, and so on. （14） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Writing an email to a foreign friend can be a great way to share ideas. When you write an email, it is important 136 (follow) some basic rules. First, write a clear subject line to tell the receiver what the email is about. Then, start with a proper greeting 137 “Hi” or “Hello”. The main text should be clear and polite. You can talk about your excitement 138 a trip, your worries about customs, or ask for advice. It is polite 139 (ask) questions and show respect for the local culture. Avoid 140 (ask) personal questions like age or income, as they are considered private. Also, remember 141 (thank) the receiver for their help. End the email with a suitable sign-off 142 “Cheers” or “Best wishes”, and write your name below. Learning about different email customs 143 (help) you communicate better. If you keep these tips in mind, your emails will be 144 (proper) and meaningful. It is 145 (interest) to learn about cultural differences in communication. （15） 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Some foreign students took part in a cultural program of traveling through Henan Province. The four-day cultural program caught 146 students’ interest. They not only learnt more about China but also 147 (build) close relations with the Chinese students they had met. One of 148 (popular) events was the wushu experience at Songshan Shaolin Wushu College, where they saw wushu shows and tried some moves. “The shows were 149 (wonder) . The Shaolin students could even break a piece of glass with needles (针) !” said Kangwa. Kangwa is studying at Henan University of Chinese Medicine now. He became interested in Chinese culture and dreamt 150 being a wushu star years ago. “ 151 could someone fly in the sky and do all these moves? I thought it was hard to explain. But now I see it by 152 (I) ,” he said. “ 153 they taught us some of the moves, it was still difficult,” Kangwa said. “None of us were able to keep up with our young teachers.” Lina Zavialova is a student of Zhengzhou University. “It was surprising for me 154 (learn) that the students here began their training at 4 or 5,” she said. Zavialova also learned that Shaolin Wushu isn’t just about physical exercises. “Students need to learn different kinds of things 155 (careful) . What is the point of doing these moves with an empty brain?” she said. （16） One day, two students went to their teacher’s house. They sat down at the table. The teacher 156 (put) a golden cup in front of one of them and an old and cracked ceramic cup (有裂缝的陶瓷杯) in front of the other. He poured water into both cups. “Help 157 (you),” the teacher said. The student who got the golden cup drank the water and said thank you to his teacher. The other student was not 158 (happy). He asked his teacher, “Dear teacher, why do you treat (对待) us so 159 ?” (different) The teacher smiled and said, “My dear students, I have had the golden cup for many years. I put it before 160 important guest. Not everyone is allowed 161 (drink) from it, because it is a valuable (贵重的) thing. But I myself never use this cup. Instead, every day I drink water from 162 (I) favorite ceramic cup. It has served me 163 so many years. I know every crack in it. It is valuable in my heart. So, my dear students, only you can 164 (decide) how I treat both of you. But remember one thing—in this house, they are the only 165 (cup) I have. So they are both important to me.” （17） Have you 166 (hear) of Lychees for Chang’an (《长安的荔枝》)? It is one of the most popular 167 (novel) in China. People have loved it for a long time. 168 (recent), it has even been made into TV series. The story is written by Ma Boyong, a famous writer in China. Lychees for Chang’an is set in the Tang Dynasty. Yang Guifei loved fresh lychees. 169 lychees were only grown in southern China, far from the capital Chang’an. In order to make her happy, Emperor Xuanzong asked his men to get fresh lychees. A man named Li Shande got the hard task, so he needed 170 (send) fresh lychees from the south to Chang’an quickly. It was the 171 (one) time for him to finish such a difficult task. To complete this task, Li faced many 172 (problem). He had to fight against bad people and keep the lychees fresh in hot weather 173 the same time. This story shows 174 (we) the history and culture of the Tang Dynasty. We will also learn about the cleverness and strong will of Chinese people. It’s really an 175 (interest) story for those who love Chinese stories. （18） 阅读下面短文，按照句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空不超过两个词。 In American literature, Uncle Tom's Cabin is thought to be one of the greatest 176 (book). It was so great a book 177 Abraham Lincoln met the writer, Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe, after 178 (read) it. And it was the best-selling novel of the 179 (nineteen) century. The book described 180 unpleasant social problem—slavery in the southern states of America. In 1852, Uncle Tom's Cabin came out and excited the world! 181 (million) of English-speaking people read it. More and more people began to care 182 the freedom of black people. But the Southern Americans were very angry at the book. The northern states fought the southern states as hard as they could and 183 (final) won. The book made Harriet Beecher Stowe a famous writer. Abraham Lincoln said, "So this is the little lady who 184 (make) this big war.” Uncle Tom's Cabin is a great book 185 it has influenced America so greatly! （19） 根据短文内容所给单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 Last summer, a group of middle school students went on a school trip to a small village. They were excited 186 (see) a different part of the country. The village was far 187 the city, and there were full of beautiful views along the way. When they arrived, they found the village was very 188 (peace). The students were 189 (divide) into small groups to stay with local families. At first, some students felt a bit nervous, 190 they started to enjoy the life there soon. One day, they met an old man who was having trouble in 191 (carry) a heavy load. Without thinking twice, the students rushed to help him. They carried the load to 192 (he) home and even helped him clean the house. The old man was very grateful and told them many interesting stories about the village. During the trip, the students learned how to plant crops and look after animals 193 (careful). They also helped the local farmers with their work. It was 194 meaningful and challenging experience for them. They realized that even a small act of 195 (kind) could bring great joy to others. （20） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 Last week, our town had a big rainstorm. It started 196 a Sunday afternoon. The clouds were black and the sky turned dark, and soon, heavy rain poured down. I was at home with my family. My dad and I 197 (watch) a soccer game on TV when the rain started. My mum was in the kitchen. My little brother, Tim, was playing with 198 (he) toys in the living room. The rain got heavier, and soon we heard thunder. Tim was screaming (尖叫) as soon as he heard thunder. So my mum asked me 199 (play) with him. We decided to build a big castle (城堡). Soon Tim forgot about the storm 200 the game was fun. 201 (sudden), the power went out. It was really 202 (badly). It was dark, but my dad quickly found candles and a flashlight (手电筒). We all sat in the living room, and my dad told us stories about when he was young. My brother and I were excited to listen to his adventures (冒险). The rain stopped late at night. The next morning, we saw that the streets were full of 203 (leaf) and small branches (树枝). Our neighbours volunteered (自愿) to clean up the streets. We joined them, and everyone helped each other. Even though the storm was scary, it brought our neighbourhood much 204 (close) together. We all worked as 205 team, and it felt great to help out. 第2页，共10页 第1页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案 1．stressed 2．yourself 3．difficulties 4．to stop 5．a 6．climbing 7．more amazing 8．felt 9．but 10．of 【导语】本文讲述了作者上个月和学校攀岩俱乐部去攀岩，中途遇到困难想放弃，在朋友鼓励下坚持并成功登顶，之后决定每周都去攀岩，父母也为作者的成长感到骄傲的经历。 【详解】1．句意：我变得非常紧张，想要放弃。“became”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“stress”的形容词形式“stressed”表示“紧张的，有压力的”，符合语境。 2．句意：不要让自己失望。“let sb. down”表示“让某人失望”，这里要用反身代词，“you”的反身代词是“yourself”。 3．句意：每个攀岩者都会面临困难。“difficulty”表示“困难”，是可数名词，这里要用复数形式“difficulties”表示泛指。 4．句意：我决定不停下来。“decide not to do sth.”表示“决定不做某事”，所以这里用“to stop”。 5．句意：我深吸了一口气，继续攀爬。“take a deep breath”是固定短语，表示“深吸一口气”，所以用不定冠词“a”。 6．句意：我深吸了一口气，继续攀爬。“keep doing sth.”表示“继续做某事”，所以这里用“climb”的动名词形式“climbing”。 7．句意：景色比我想象的还要令人惊叹。“than”表示比较，前面要用比较级，“amazing”的比较级是“more amazing”。 8．句意：我对大自然感到惊奇。根据前文“Finally, I reached the top.”可知，描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，“feel”的过去式是“felt”。 9．句意：我忙于学业，但我仍然每个周末都去攀岩。“I am busy with schoolwork”和“I still go climbing every weekend”之间是转折关系，所以用连词“but”。 10．句意：我的父母为我的成长感到骄傲。“be proud of”是固定短语，表示“为……感到骄傲”，所以用“of”。 11．have read 12．traditional 13．creating 14．roles 15．himself 16．because 17．bravely 18．interested 19．to help 20．also 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古典名著《西游记》的作者、核心角色孙悟空的形象特点与经典设定，以及这部作品对读者的影响与传递的精神价值。 【详解】11．句意：你喜欢《西游记》吗？我已经读过这本书两遍了。句中“twice”表示动作发生过的次数，强调过去动作对现在的影响，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语为I，read的过去分词为read，因此填have read。 12．句意：它是一本中国传统书籍。此处需要形容词修饰名词“Chinese book”，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，意为“传统的”。 13．句意：他花了很多年创作这个精彩的故事。固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”表示“花费时间做某事”，create“创作”的动名词形式为creating。 14．句意：美猴王，也就是孙悟空，是这本书中的主要角色之一。固定结构“one of + the + 复数名词”表示“……之一”，role“角色”的复数形式为roles。 15．句意：他会72变，能把自己变成不同的动物和物体。主语和宾语为同一人，需用反身代词，he的反身代词为himself，意为“他自己”。 16．句意：他不能把自己变成人，因为他藏不住尾巴。根据上下文逻辑，后半句是前半句的原因，“藏不住尾巴”是“无法完全变为人”的原因，需用because引导原因状语从句。 17．句意：孙悟空用一根棍子勇敢地对抗坏人。此处需要副词修饰动词“fight”，brave的副词形式为bravely，意为“勇敢地”。 18．句意：30多年前电视节目一播出，孩子们就对读这个故事产生了兴趣。固定搭配“become interested in”表示“对……感兴趣”，interest的形容词形式为interested。 19．句意：他一直为帮助弱者而战斗，从不放弃。此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“战斗”的目的是帮助弱者，因此填to help。 20．句意：这个故事不仅给孩子们带来快乐，还教会人们要勇敢和善良。固定结构“not only... but also...”表示“不仅……而且……”，因此填also。 21．a 22．themselves 23．runs 24．When 25．difficult 26．strictly 27．longer 28．up 29．was 30．kilometres 31．players 32．to stop 33．crossed 34．of 35．will face 【导语】本文讲述中学生王磊热爱跑步，尽管父母担心马拉松难度太大，他仍坚持严格训练。比赛当天天气炎热，他腿疼难忍，但看到其他选手坚持奔跑，想起自己的刻苦训练，最终咬牙完成比赛。虽然未获奖，他为自己骄傲，并决心今后勇敢面对困难。 【详解】21．句意：它不仅是长跑比赛，也是一次精神上的考验。test为可数名词单数，表示“一次考验”，用不定冠词 a修饰。 22．句意：许多人跑马拉松来挑战自己，体验“永不放弃”的精神。challenge后接反身代词，主语是people，故用themselves。 23．句意：王磊最喜欢的爱好是跑步，他每天都跑步。根据“every day”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语he为第三人称单数，动词run加-s。 24．句意：当他还是中学生时，去年他跑了一次马拉松。结合句意，此处连接句子，用连词，表示“当他还是中学生时”，用when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，句首首字母大写。 25．句意：起初，他的父母很担心，因为比赛太困难了。系动词was后接形容词作表语，difficulty的形容词形式为difficult。 26．句意：他制定了训练计划并严格遵守。修饰动词stuck，用副词strictly（严格地）。 27．句意：周末，他跑的距离长得多。much修饰比较级，long的比较级为longer。 28．句意：当他想放弃时，他总是提醒自己那个目标。后半句表示“他总是提醒自己那个目标”，因此表示他想要放弃。give up为固定短语，意为“放弃”。 29．句意：马拉松比赛当天，天气有点热。介绍比赛那天，用一般过去时，描述过去天气，主语weather为单数，be用was。 30．句意：但三十公里后，他的腿剧烈疼痛。数词thirty后接可数名词复数，kilometre加-s。 31．句意：他想停下来，但看到周围的其他人继续跑。other修饰复数名词，player加-s表示“选手们”。 32．句意：他想到自己所有的艰苦训练，告诉自己不要停止奔跑。tell sb. not to do sth.，不定式作宾补，否定形式为not to stop。 33．句意：最终，王磊冲过了终点线。描述过去动作，cross用过去式crossed。 34．句意：他没有获奖，但为自己感到非常自豪。be proud of为固定搭配，意为“为……自豪”。 35．句意：从现在起，我会勇敢地面对困难。from now on“从现在起”，表示将来，用一般将来时will face。 36．terrible 37．a 38．from 39．advised 40．badly 41．to deal 42．themselves 43．safety 44．illnesses 45．so 【导语】本文主要介绍了Lily因为重感冒去医院看病，回家的路上和母亲救助了一位骑车摔倒的路人的经历，从而意识到健康和安全的重要性以及掌握急救知识的必要性。 【详解】36．句意：上周一，Lily咳嗽了，感觉很不舒服。此处需要形容词作表语，来表示主语Lily的状态，结合所给单词，形容词terrible表示“糟糕的”，符合语法。 37．句意：她的妈妈立刻测量了她的体温，发现她发高烧了。固定短语have a high fever表示“发高烧”，符合前文说她感觉很难受的语境，故此处填不定冠词a。 38．句意：他告诉Lily的母亲，Lily得了重感冒。根据“suffering…a very bad cold”可知，此处是固定短语suffer from，意为“患（某种病）”。故填from，符合语法及搭配。 39．句意：他给了她一些药片，并建议她在家好好休息。此处是and连接两个谓语动词，前面“gave”是一般过去时，此处也应使用一般过去时，故填advise的过去式advised。 40．句意：他的膝盖擦伤得很严重，手上还有一处小伤口。根据“His knee was bruised…”可知，此处修饰动词bruised，应用副词。bad是形容词，其副词形式为badly，意为“严重地”，符合语法。 41．句意：她们用之前学到的急救知识处理了伤口。根据“They used the first aid knowledge…with the injury”可知，此处表示使用知识的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to deal符合语法。 42．句意：这次经历让Lily深刻意识到，人们应该时刻关注自己——尤其是自己的健康。根据“people should always pay close attention to…”可知，主语people与宾语指代同一群体，应用反身代词。them的反身代词为themselves。 43．句意：而且当人们外出时，必须注意安全，避免受到任何伤害。根据“they must be careful about”可知，介词about后接名词或动名词，结合所给单词，此处表示他们必须注意安全，应填入名词。safe是形容词，其名词形式是safety，意为“安全”。 44．句意：此外，掌握一些基本的急救技能，在面对疾病或意外时会非常有用。根据“when facing…or accidents”可知，空处与accidents并列，作facing的宾语，应用名词。ill的名词形式为illness。此处用illness泛指“疾病”这种状态，符合逻辑和语法。 45．句意：我们还应该记住，清洁的环境对健康有益，因此我们要尽力保护它。根据“a clean environment is good for our health…we should try our best to protect it”可知，因为清洁的环境对健康有益，因此我们要尽力保护它。前后是因果关系。应用连词so表示“所以”，符合逻辑关系。 46．an 47．breaks 48．faster 49．quietly 50．in 51．to get 52．yourself 53．helpful 54．feelings 55．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了愤怒这种情绪的产生、表现，说明隐藏愤怒的危害，并给出了正确处理愤怒的方法，提醒人们不要被愤怒控制。 【详解】46．句意：当你的队伍输掉一场重要的比赛时。“game”是可数名词单数，空后的“important”以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an（一个），表示泛指。 47．句意：当一个朋友借了你最喜欢的东西然后把它弄坏时，你可能会变得很生气。由“borrows”可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语“a friend”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 48．句意：举个例子，你的呼吸比以前更快。句中有“than”表示比较，需用副词fast的比较级。 49．句意：但有时你悄悄地隐藏你的愤怒。修饰动词“hide”需用副词。 50．句意：举个例子，你可能把它藏在心里。hide in one’s heart是固定搭配，表示“藏在心里”。 51．句意：有时候生气对你来说是正常的。it’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，需用不定式作主语。 52．句意：不伤害别人也不伤害你自己。与“others”并列，表示伤害自己，需用反身代词yourself表示“你自己”。 53．句意：和成年人谈论你的愤怒是有帮助的。it’s+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，此处表示和成年人谈论会有帮助，需用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。 54．句意：那些坏情绪会开始消失。“those”后接可数名词复数。 55．句意：当你开始感到生气时，你可以做一些其他的事情。“you start to feel angry”是时间背景，需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 56．differently 57．an 58．to write 59．to 60．following 61．writers 62．Though/Although 63．brought 64．exciting 65．their 【导语】本文以曾国藩和鲁迅为例，阐述了父爱的表达方式虽各不相同，但都深沉而有力，体现了父爱在家庭中的凝聚与传承作用。 【详解】56．句意：他们可能以不同的方式表达爱意，但这种爱始终如大海般深沉。修饰动词show需用副词，different的副词形式为differently，意为“不同地”。 57．句意：曾国藩是清朝的一位官员领袖。official leader为可数名词单数，此处首次提及表泛指，且official以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。 58．句意：他是一个大忙人，但他总是找时间给孩子们写信。“find time to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“找时间做某事”，故填动词不定式to write。 59．句意：曾国藩非常重视孩子的个人成长。“pay attention to”为固定短语，意为“注意、重视”，故填介词to。 60．句意：他坚持通过书信来跟进这项工作。“keep doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“持续做某事”，故填动名词following。 61．句意：鲁迅是20世纪中国最伟大的作家之一。“one of”后接可数名词复数，writer的复数形式为writers。 62．句意：虽然他以犀利的文笔而闻名和受人尊敬，但对自己的儿子周海婴，他却只是一位温和的父亲。前后分句之间存在明显的让步转折关系：承认他在文学界的威严形象，但强调在家庭中截然不同的温柔面貌，需用连词though/although引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填Though/Although。 63．句意：夏天，潮湿的天气使男孩身上起了皮疹。描述过去的情况用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。 64．句意：对海婴来说，最激动人心的事情就是为父亲选择合适的纸张。修饰名词thing（事情）需用形容词，此处用excite的形容词exciting“令人激动的”（修饰物），与The most共同构成形容词的最高级，表示“最激动人心的”。 65．句意：这些父亲以他们自己的方式表达爱。修饰名词ways需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。 66．changeable 67．of 68．explorer 69．unusual 70．higher 71．taking 72．successfully 73．and 74．a 75．risky 【导语】本文主要讲述了上周末和哥哥徒步黄山，历经多变天气成功登顶，收获难忘美好体验的经历。 【详解】66．句意：天气变幻无常—— 一会儿阳光明媚，片刻后乌云密布。be动词后接形容词作表语，change的形容词形式changeable意为“易变的，多变的”。 67．句意：冒着被淋湿的风险，我们依旧决定继续前行。at the risk of，意为“冒着……的风险”。 68．句意：我的哥哥梦想成为一名探险家，由他带路。an后接表示人的名词，explore的名词形式explorer意为“探险家”。 69．句意：他指出了奇特的岩石、怪异的松树和云海。结合后文“strange pines”可知，此处表示“不寻常的、奇特的”，usual的反义词unusual。 70．句意：我们爬得越高，空气就越凉爽。固定句型the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，越……”，high的比较级为higher。 71．句意：我喜欢拍摄风景照，潺潺的流水声让一切都十分宁静。enjoy doing sth.，意为“喜欢做某事”。 72．句意：最终，我们成功登顶。修饰动词reached需用副词，successful的副词形式为successfully。 73．句意：眼前的景色比我们预想的还要震撼，我们仿佛置身于世界之巅。前后两句为顺承并列关系，用并列连词and。 74．句意：我们激动不已，一起拍了一张照片，记录下这完美的时刻。固定搭配take a photo，意为“拍照”。 75．句意：尽管这次徒步有时有点冒险，但却是一段我们永远不会忘记的经历。be动词后接形容词作表语，risk的形容词形式risky意为“冒险的”。 76．greatest 77．touch 78．northern 79．a 80．On 81．that 82．climbers 83．faster 84．successfully 85．their 【导语】本文介绍珠峰北坡攀登艰险，1960 年中国登山队员成功从北坡登顶，相关登山装备助力后续攀登，尽管攀登凶险，人们仍因好奇与抱负不断挑战珠峰。 【详解】76．句意：对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。固定搭配one of the + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示 “最…… 之一”。great的最高级是greatest。 77．句意：在地球之巅，你仿佛可以触碰到天空。固定短语be able to do sth，to后接动词原形。 78．句意：1960年前，没人能从北侧登顶珠峰。形容词作定语修饰名词，形容词northern修饰side，意为“北侧”。 79．句意：登山者把这条路称作 “死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队下定决心攀登。不定冠词a表泛指某一个，用于第一次提到。文中第一次提到有一支登山队，故填a。 80．句意：在1960年5月24日，队员刘连满、王富洲、屈银华、贡布抵达第二台阶。具体几月几日前面用介词on，单词放句首首字母需大写，On 24th May 1960意为“在1960年5月24日”。 81．句意：人们说这里太高了，以至于连鸟儿都飞不到。固定句型so…that…（如此…… 以至于……），前面用so high，后面用that引导结果状语从句even birds could not reach it。 82．句意：直到2007年，几乎所有登山者都依靠1975年中国登山队带去的梯子更快地登顶。all后面接可数名词复数climbers（登山者）。 83．句意：直到2007年，几乎所有登山者都依靠1975年中国登山队带去的梯子更快得多地登顶。much + 形容词/副词比较级，much faster表示“快得多”。 84．句意：部分登山者成功登顶，但多数人失败。修饰动词reach需用副词修饰，形容词successful的副词是successfully。 85．句意：出于人类的好奇心与抱负，人们依旧冒着他们的生命危险挑战这座世界最高峰。固定搭配risk one’s lives冒着某人的生命危险，形容词性物主代词their修饰lives。 86．an 87．greatest 88．kilometres 89．in 90．unless 91．themselves 92．successfully 93．includes 94．walking 95．relaxed 【导语】本文介绍杭州西湖的自然特点，并建议学生在压力大时通过游览西湖放松身心。 【详解】86．句意：西湖是中国一个不寻常的自然奇观。空格后“unusual natural wonder”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个”，需用不定冠词修饰；unusual以元音音素开头，故用an。 87．句意：它是当地所有景点中最佳的放松场所。空格前“the”后需接形容词最高级，great的最高级是greatest。 88．句意：它占地数百平方公里。“hundreds of”后需接可数名词复数，kilometre的复数形式是kilometres。 89．句意：湖的深度为3米，且全年水质清澈。“in depth”是介词短语，意为“在深度方面”，为固定搭配。 90．句意：除非我们放慢速度欣赏风景，否则无法充分享受旅行。空格后是完整句子，与主句构成条件关系，表示“除非”，需用从属连词unless引导条件状语从句。 91．句意：一些青少年过于在乎成绩，并且他们对自己一直过于苛刻。“be hard on oneself”是形容词短语，意为“对自己苛刻”，主语是“they”，需用反身代词themselves。 92．句意：……你可以成功地忘记所有的烦恼。空格处修饰动词“forget”，需用副词作状语，表示“成功地”，successful的副词形式是successfully。 93．句意：美妙的旅行还包括绿树、可爱的鸟儿和安静的小路。主语“The wonderful trip”是第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，include的第三人称单数形式是includes。 94．句意：我们可以花很长时间沿着湖岸慢慢散步，感到放松。“spend time (in) doing sth.”是动词短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，walk的动名词形式是walking。 95．句意：我们可以花很长时间沿着湖岸慢慢散步，感到放松。“feel”是系动词，后需接形容词作表语，表示“感到放松的”，relax的形容词形式是relaxed，描述人的感受。 96．confident 97．terribly 98．worst 99．a 100．myself 101．lost 102．that 103．was 104．mistakes 105．enjoying 【导语】本文讲述作者备考充分却在英语考试当天接连遭遇不顺、发挥失常，从中领悟遇事要保持冷静的道理。 【详解】96．句意：我为英语考试做了充足准备，所以很自信。felt是系动词，后接形容词作表语，confidence的形容词是confident。 97．句意：我醒来时极度紧张。修饰形容词nervous要用副词，terrible的副词形式是terribly。 98．句意：天气是全年最差的，大雨伴着狂风。of the year表示大范围比较，用bad最高级worst。 99．句意：结果，我到校时只剩下五分钟的空余时间。固定搭配as a result意为“因此、结果”，故填a。 100．句意：我告诉自己要集中注意力，但心跳依然很快。tell oneself表示“告诉自己”，I反身代词是myself。 101．句意：更糟的是考场更换了，我喘不上气。全文时态为一般过去时，固定搭配lose one’s breath表示“喘不过气”，lose的过去式为lost。 102．句意：我的手抖得厉害以至于几乎写不了字。固定so…that…“如此……以至于”，故填that。 103．句意：听力部分语速太快，我错了好几题。全文为一般过去时，主语part单数，be动词用was。 104．句意：检查答案时，我发现犯了低级错误。mistake是可数名词，前面无冠词，用复数mistakes。 105．句意：享受生活的关键是遇事冷静。固定搭配the key to doing sth.，to是介词，后接动名词enjoying。 106．most surprising 107．to interview 108．a 109．Thankfully 110．were reviewing 111．off 112．cultural 113．guards 114．what 115．until 【导语】本文讲述了一场灾难过后，村民们镇定有序地应对灾害、积极自救的故事，展现了人们在困境中保持理性、守望相助的精神。 【详解】106．这场灾难是近年来这个村庄经历过的最令人意外的事件。句中有the和表示范围的in recent years，需用形容词最高级。surprise的形容词形式为surprising（修饰事物），其最高级为most surprising，表示“最令人意外的”。 107．句意：一名记者自愿采访村民，因为他真诚地相信他真实的报道会对帮助这个村庄大有帮助。固定搭配volunteer to do sth.表示“自愿做某事”，因此需用动词不定式形式，应用to interview。 108．句意：一名记者自愿采访村民，因为他真诚地相信他真实的报道会对帮助这个村庄大有帮助。固定搭配go a long way toward doing sth.意为“对某事大有帮助”，因此填不定冠词a。 109．句意：值得庆幸的是，风暴过后村民们表现得井然有序。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，thank的副词形式为Thankfully，表示“值得庆幸的是”，句首首字母需大写。 110．句意：一些老人正在回顾下次如何更好地保护他们的家园，而一些年轻人正试图修复已经脱落的屋顶。while引导并列句，前后时态需保持一致，后文用过去进行时were trying，因此此处也需用过去进行时，主语Some elders为复数，应用were reviewing，表示“正在回顾”。 111．句意：一些老人正在回顾下次如何更好地保护他们的家园，而一些年轻人正试图修复已经脱落的屋顶。固定搭配come off表示“脱落、掉落”，此处表示屋顶脱落，应用off。 112．句意：人们甚至设法保护珍贵的文化古迹免受进一步的破坏。空后为名词ancient places，需用形容词修饰，culture的形容词形式为cultural，表示“文化的”。 113．句意：保安确保不会有危险来伤害妇女和儿童。此处作句子主语，需用名词形式，security guard是可数名词，意为“保安”，句中表示一类人，需用复数形式guards。 114．句意：每个人都在思考他们能做些什么。此处为宾语从句，从句中do缺少宾语，需用what引导，表示“什么”。 115．句意：他们耐心地等待，直到救援队最终到达。此处表示动作持续到某个时间点，需用连词until，表示“直到……为止”。 116．suddenly 117．houses 118．were looking 119．have found 120．out 121．harder 122．to help 123．a 124．yourself/yourselves 125．Although/Though 【导语】本文讲述了一个宁静的夜晚突发地震，许多房屋倒塌，救援队迅速赶到现场展开救援。士兵们在废墟中搜寻幸存者，志愿者清理街道、分发食物、搭建帐篷。一位年轻护士比任何人都努力，希望尽可能多地帮助他人。学校里的老师正在教孩子们安全技能，强调要先保护自己。三天后，大多数人安全获救。虽然地震破坏了很多东西，但它也让家庭和邻里之间更加紧密团结。 【详解】116．句意：一场强烈的地震突然袭来。括号内提示词“sudden”为形容词，意为“突然的”，此处修饰动词“hit”，表示“突然地”，需用副词形式“suddenly”。 117．句意：地面剧烈摇晃，许多房屋倒塌了。括号内提示词“house”意为“房屋”，“many”后接可数名词复数，需用复数形式“houses”。 118．句意：在早上六点，士兵们正在建筑物下面搜寻人员。括号内提示词“look”意为“寻找”，“At 6 a.m.”表示描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时“were looking”。 119．句意：“自从我们到达以来，已经找到了十名幸存者。”一个士兵告诉记者。括号内提示词“find”意为“找到”，“since we arrived”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时“have found”。 120．句意：与此同时，那里的志愿者正在清理街道、分发食物并为无家可归的人搭建帐篷。“hand out”为固定短语，表示“分发”，符合语境，需填副词“out”。 121．句意：一位名叫露茜的年轻护士比任何人都努力。括号内提示词“hard”意为“努力地”，“than”表示比较，需用比较级“harder”。 122．句意：我希望帮助尽可能多的人。括号内提示词“help”意为“帮助”，“hope to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“希望做某事”，符合语境，需用不定式“to help”。 123．句意：刘老师说：“地震时用胳膊护住头部，躲在桌子下面。”。这里泛指教室里的桌子，需用不定冠词“a”，表示“一张桌子”。 124．句意：刘老师说：“永远记住首先要保护好自己。”。括号内提示词“you”意为人称代词主格“你”，此处表示“你自己”或“你们自己”，需用反身代词“yourself”或者“yourselves”，这里单数或者复数形式都符合语境。 125．句意：虽然地震破坏了很多东西，但它让家庭和邻里之间更加紧密团结。前后句为让步转折关系，表示“虽然/尽管”，需填连词“Although”或“Though”，注意首字母大写。 126．a 127．daily 128．to order 129．important 130．others’ 131．guests 132．of 133．However 134．are 135．travel 【导语】本文介绍了中国餐桌礼仪中的点菜习俗，强调尊重他人饮食习惯，并推荐了各地特色美食。 【详解】126．句意：中国是一个礼仪之邦。“nation”是可数名词单数，且第一次提到，表示泛指，用不定冠词a表示“一个”。注意读音不是元音开头，所以填a。 127．句意：根据中国传统礼节，人们的日常生活，如走路的姿态、站立的姿势、与人见面时的礼貌行为以及餐桌礼仪，都有严格规定。“day”修饰名词“life”时，要用形容词形式daily，意为“日常的”。 128．句意：现在让我告诉你如何在中国点菜。疑问词“how”后常接“to do”结构，构成“how to order”，在句中作动词tell的宾语。 129．句意：点菜是中国餐桌礼仪的一个重要部分。“an”后缺形容词，importance的形容词是important“重要的”。 130．句意：如果你是主人，征求其他人的意见后做最终决定。“other”指“其他人”，后面有名词“opinions”，所以要用所有格，表示“……的”。 131．句意：如果你是客人之一，你可以点一道便宜又受欢迎的菜。“one of the+可数名词复数”是固定结构，guest的复数是guests“客人”。 132．句意：例如，有些人是素食者，他们不吃任何种类的肉。“any kind of...”表示“任何种类的……”。 133．句意：在中国，鼓励你尊重并遵循当地的用餐礼仪。然而，也要确保你品尝当地特产，并享受有趣的美食之旅。前句说“要遵守礼仪”，后句说“也要享受美食”，语义转折，用However“然而”，后面接逗号。 134．句意：中国宴会上最受欢迎的菜肴是炸春卷、饺子、大肉丸、宫保鸡丁。主语“The most popular dishes”是复数，主谓一致，be动词用are。 135．句意：如果你到处旅行，不要错过西安的羊肉泡馍、成都或重庆的火锅、北京的涮羊肉、阳朔的啤酒鱼等等。条件状语从句中，用一般现在时“travel”表示将来（主句祈使句），填travel符合。 136．to follow 137．like 138．about 139．to ask 140．asking 141．to thank 142．like 143．helps 144．proper 145．interesting 【导语】本文介绍了给外国朋友写电子邮件应注意的基本规则，包括主题行、称呼、正文礼貌、避免私人问题、结尾签名等，强调了了解不同邮件礼仪对沟通的重要性。 136．句意：遵循一些基本规则很重要。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，此处应填动词不定式to follow。 137．句意：然后，以恰当的问候开头，比如“嗨”或“你好”。此处用介词“like”表示举例，意为“例如”。 138．句意：你可以谈论对旅行的兴奋、对风俗的担忧或寻求建议。表示“关于”，需用介词“about”。 139．句意：提出问题并表达对当地文化的尊重是礼貌的。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，此处应填动词不定式to ask。 140．句意：避免询问年龄或收入等私人问题。“avoid doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，需接动名词作宾语，ask的动名词为asking。 141．句意：同时，记得感谢收件人的帮助。“remember to do sth.”意为“记得要做某事”，需接动词不定式作宾语，此处应填动词不定式to thank。 142．句意：以恰当的结束语结束邮件，比如“Cheers”或“Best wishes”。此处用介词“like”表示举例，意为“例如”。 143．句意：了解不同的电子邮件礼仪有助于你更好地沟通。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动名词短语“Learning about different email customs”作主语，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式helps。 144．句意：如果你记住这些要点，你的邮件就会得体而有意义。系动词“will be”后需接形容词作表语。“proper”本身即为形容词，意为“得体的”。 145．句意：了解沟通中的文化差异是很有趣的。主语“It”指代“to learn about cultural differences in communication”，描述事物的性质，需用-ing结尾的形容词“interesting”，意为“有趣的”。 146．the 147．built 148．the most popular 149．wonderful 150．of 151．How 152．myself 153．Although/Though 154．to learn 155．carefully 【导语】本文讲述了外国学生参加河南文化之旅，体验少林武术，并表达了对中国文化的兴趣和感受。 146．句意：为期四天的文化之旅引起了学生们的兴趣。空格前为动词“caught”，后为名词“students’ interest”，此处需要限定词。根据语境，指代上文提到的“some foreign students”这些具体学生，应填定冠词“the”表示特指。 147．句意：他们不仅更多地了解了中国，还与遇到的中国学生建立了密切的关系。并列连词“not only...but also...”连接两个谓语动词，前一分句“learnt”为动词的过去式，后一分句也应保持一致。应填build的过去式built。 148．句意：最受欢迎的活动之一是嵩山少林武术学院的武术体验。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”。popular的最高级形式为most popular，且最高级前通常加定冠词the。故填the most popular。 149．句意：表演精彩极了。空格位于be动词“were”之后，作表语修饰“The shows”，应使用形容词形式。故填wonder的形容词wonderful，意为“精彩的”。 150．句意：他多年前就对中国文化产生了兴趣，并梦想成为一名武术明星。“dream of doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。故填of。 151．句意：有人能在空中飞翔并做出所有这些动作吗？空格位于句首，引导一个表示惊讶或不解的疑问句。根据语境“I thought it was hard to explain”，此处询问“如何可能”，应使用疑问副词“how”，此处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填How。 152．句意：但现在我亲眼看到了。根据本句空格前的“by”，结合短语“by+反身代词”意为“亲自、靠自己”，本句主语为I，故填I的反身代词形式myself。 153．句意：虽然他们教了我们一些动作，但仍然很难。前后分句之间存在让步关系（“教了”但“仍然难”），应使用从属连词“Although”或“Though”引导让步状语从句结构。句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 154．句意：对我来说，了解到这里的学生在四五岁就开始训练，真是令人惊讶。根据空格前的“It was surprising for me”，结合固定句型“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语结构，可知，此处要填动词不定式to learn。 155．句意：学生需要仔细学习不同种类的东西。空格修饰动词“learn”，表示方式，应使用副词形式，故填careful的副词carefully，意为“仔细地”。 156．put 157．yourselves 158．happy 159．differently 160．an 161．to drink 162．my 163．for 164．decide 165．cups 【导语】本文通过老师用金杯和普通陶瓷杯待客的小故事，告诉我们外在物品的贵贱不重要，内心的认可与本身的价值才更重要，做人不应以物质区别对待他人。 【详解】156．句意：老师把一个金杯放在其中一个学生面前，把一个老旧有裂缝的陶瓷杯放在另一个学生面前。文章整体讲述过去发生的故事，时态为一般过去时，put的过去式还是put。 157．句意：“请自便。”老师说道。固定搭配help oneself表示“请自便、随便用”，此处对着两位学生说话，要用反身代词复数yourselves。 158．句意：另一个学生很不高兴。be动词后接形容词作表语，not后面用形容词原级happy，表示“不开心的”。 159．句意：您为什么如此区别对待我们？副词修饰动词treat，different的副词形式是differently，so后接副词原级。 160．句意：我把它放在一位重要的客人面前。guest为单数可数名词，important以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 161．句意：不是每个人都被允许用它喝水。固定搭配be allowed to do sth.表示“被允许做某事”，所以用to drink。 162．句意：相反，我每天都用我最喜欢的陶瓷杯喝水。修饰名词favorite ceramic cup，要用形容词性物主代词my。 163．句意：它已经陪伴我这么多年了。“for + 时间段”为固定用法，表示动作持续多久，故填for。 164．句意：所以，亲爱的学生们，只有你们能决定我如何对待你们俩。情态动词can后必须接动词原形。 165．句意：但记住一件事——在这所房子里，它们是我仅有的杯子。the only后可接可数名词复数，主语they指代杯子，所以cup要用复数形式cups。 166．heard 167．novels 168．Recently 169．But 170．to send 171．first 172．problems 173．at 174．us 175．interesting 【导语】本文介绍了马伯庸的小说《长安的荔枝》，讲述了唐朝为杨贵妃运送荔枝的故事，展现了古代的历史文化与人物精神。 166．句意：你听说过《长安的荔枝》吗？“have you done”是现在完成时结构，hear的过去分词是heard。 167．句意：它是中国最受欢迎的小说之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”是固定结构，novel的复数形式是novels。 168．句意：最近，它甚至被改编成了电视剧。此处用副词修饰整个句子，recent的副词形式是Recently，句首首字母大写。 169．句意：但是荔枝只生长在中国南方，远离都城长安。此处表示转折关系，用连词But，句首首字母大写。 170．句意：所以他需要把新鲜的荔枝从南方快速送到长安。“need to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“需要做某事”，用to send。 171．句意：这是他第一次完成如此困难的任务。“the first time”是固定表达，表示“第一次”，用序数词first。 172．句意：为了完成这项任务，李面临了许多问题。many后接可数名词复数，problem的复数形式是problems。 173．句意：他必须对抗坏人，同时在炎热的天气里保持荔枝新鲜。“at the same time”是固定搭配，表示“同时”，用介词at。 174．句意：这个故事向我们展示了唐朝的历史和文化。动词shows后接宾格代词，we的宾格形式是us。 175．句意：对于那些喜欢中国故事的人来说，这真的是一个有趣的故事。用形容词修饰名词story，interest的形容词形式是interesting。 176．books 177．that 178．reading 179．nineteenth 180．an 181．Millions 182．about 183．finally 184．made 185．because 【导语】本文介绍了美国文学名著《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，讲述了它的出版背景、社会影响，以及它对美国历史进程的推动作用，强调了这部作品的伟大意义。 176．句意：在美国文学中，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》被认为是最伟大的书籍之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，所以“book”变为复数“books”。 177．句意：这本书如此伟大，以至于亚伯拉罕・林肯在读完后会见了作者哈丽特・比彻・斯托夫人。“so...that...”是固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。 178．句意：这本书如此伟大，以至于亚伯拉罕・林肯在读完后会见了作者哈丽特・比彻・斯托夫人。“after”是介词，后接动名词，所以“read”变为“reading”。 179．句意：它是19世纪最畅销的小说。表示“第几世纪”要用序数词，“nineteen”的序数词是“nineteenth”。 180．句意：这本书描述了一个令人不快的社会问题——美国南部的奴隶制。“unpleasant”以元音音素开头，“problem”是可数名词单数，所以用不定冠词“an”。 181．句意：数百万说英语的人阅读了它。“millions of”是固定搭配，表示“数百万”，首字母大写。 182．句意：越来越多的人开始关心黑人的自由。“care about”是固定短语，表示“关心”。 183．句意：北方各州竭尽全力与南方各州作战，最终取得了胜利。“final”是形容词，此处需要副词修饰动词“won”，所以变为“finally”。 184．句意：亚伯拉罕・林肯说：“原来就是这位小女士引发了这场大战。”句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，“make”的过去式是“made”。 185．句意：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是一部伟大的作品，因为它对美国产生了如此巨大的影响！后句是前句的原因，用连词“because”。 186．to see 187．from 188．peaceful 189．divided 190．but 191．carrying 192．his 193．carefully 194．a 195．kindness 【导语】本文讲述了一群中学生去乡村参加学校旅行的经历，他们在旅途中帮助他人、体验乡村生活，明白了善意的力量。 【详解】186．句意：他们很兴奋能看到这个国家不同的地方。“be excited to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事很兴奋”，所以此处用动词不定式。 187．句意：这个村庄离城市很远，沿途都是美丽的风景。“far from”是固定短语，意为“离……远”。 188．句意：当他们到达时，他们发现这个村庄非常宁静。“was”是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语，名词“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。 189．句意：学生们被分成小组，住在当地家庭里。主语“The students”和动词“divide”之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态“be divided into”，意为“被分成……”。 190．句意：起初，一些学生感到有点紧张，但他们很快就开始享受那里的生活了。前半句“felt a bit nervous”和后半句“started to enjoy the life there soon”是转折关系，所以用连词“but”表示“但是”。 191．句意：有一天，他们遇到一位老人，他搬重物有困难。“have trouble in doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处用动名词形式。 192．句意：他们把货物搬到他的家里，甚至帮他打扫房子。空后有名词“home”，所以需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，人称代词“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”，意为“他的”。 193．句意：在旅途中，学生们学会了如何认真地种植庄稼和照顾动物。空处修饰动词短语“plant crops and look after animals”，需要用副词，形容词“careful”的副词形式是“carefully”，意为“认真地”。 194．句意：这对他们来说是一次有意义且充满挑战的经历。此处表示“一次经历”，“meaningful”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。 195．句意：他们意识到，即使是小小的善举也能给别人带来巨大的快乐。“act of kindness”是固定搭配，意为“善举”，介词“of”后面需要接名词，形容词“kind”的名词形式是“kindness”，意为“善良，善意”。 196．on 197．were watching 198．his 199．to play 200．because 201．Suddenly 202．bad 203．leaves 204．closer 205．a 【导语】本文记叙了作者家乡遭遇暴雨的经历，描写了暴雨来临时一家人在家中的活动、突然停电后的温馨时光，以及雨后邻里共同清扫街道的场景，体现了邻里互助、温情相伴的美好氛围。 【详解】196．句意：暴风雨在一个周日下午开始了。具体某一天的早中晚前用介词on。 197．句意：下雨开始时，我和爸爸正在电视上看足球比赛。根据“when the rain started.”可知，此处用过去进行时态，主语“My dad and I”是复数，用were watching。 198．句意：弟弟蒂姆正在客厅玩他的玩具。修饰名词toys，用形容词性物主代词his。 199．句意：于是妈妈让我陪他一起玩。ask sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”，此处填to play。 200．句意：很快蒂姆就忘记了暴风雨，因为游戏很有趣。根据语境可知，前后句是因果关系，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 201．句意：突然，停电了。副词置于句首作状语，sudden的副词形式是Suddenly，首字母大写。 202．句意：情况真的很糟糕。be动词后接形容词作表语，badly的形容词是bad。 203．句意：第二天早上，街道上满是树叶和小树枝。根据“and small branches”可知此处用复数形式，leaf的复数形式是leaves。 204．句意：尽管暴风雨很可怕，但它让邻里之间关系变得更加亲密。much修饰形容词比较级，close的比较级是closer。 205．句意：我们像一个团队一样协作。team是可数名词单数，此处用不定冠词a表泛指，as a team意为“作为一个团队”。 第2页，共16页 第1页，共16页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $