高二下学期英语期末模拟卷_选必1-4

**基本信息** 高二英语期末模拟卷依托人教版选择性必修内容，精选外刊改编素材，聚焦环保、文化传承等时代主题，融合语言能力与思维品质考查，适配期末综合测评需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇/50分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|外刊改编真实情境（如碳足迹研究、深海探索），问题梯度从基础信息到深层思维，培养信息筛选与逻辑分析能力| |语言运用|完形填空15题/15分、语法填空10题/15分|词汇辨析、语法（非谓语、时态）、文化词汇（如ink painting）|完形填空以社区互助故事渗透价值观，语法填空融入中国水墨画文化，考查语言准确性与文化意识| |写作|邮件15分、续写25分|应用文写作、记叙文续写|邮件结合职业体验实践，续写围绕剪纸文化传承，培养跨文化表达与创新思维，体现学习能力与文化传承素养|

高二英语下学期期末模拟卷 （人教版选择性必修一至四 · 选材改编自新闻外刊）原卷版 满分：120分　　考试时间：100分钟 第一部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Most of us want to help the planet, but it is hard to know where to start. To find out where ordinary people can make the most difference, a research team measured the carbon footprint of an average family for a whole year and broke it down by source. The results are shown in the table below. Together they tell a clear story: a few everyday activities create most of a family's carbon emissions. Source Share of a family's yearly carbon footprint Home energy (heating & electricity) 34% Car travel 28% Food (especially meat and dairy) 21% Flights 11% Other (clothes, gadgets, etc.) 6% Knowing where the carbon comes from makes it easier to act. The next table shows where small, everyday changes help the most. Area A simple change that helps Home energy Switch to LED bulbs and turn the heating down by 1°C. Car travel Walk, cycle or share rides for short trips. Food Eat less meat and throw away less food. Flights Take the train for journeys under 1,000 km. “No single change will save the planet,” says Dr Helen Carr, who led the study. “But small steps, multiplied by millions of families, add up to something huge. The smart thing is to start with the biggest slice of your own footprint.” 21. According to the figures, home energy and car travel together make up about A. 62%. B. 55%. C. 49%. D. 34%. 22. What does the passage suggest for cutting food-related carbon? A. Switching to LED bulbs. B. Eating less meat and wasting less food. C. Taking the train instead of flying. D. Turning the heating down by 1°C. 23. What does Dr Carr stress at the end of the passage? A. One change alone can save the planet. B. People should start with the smallest source. C. Small changes by many people add up. D. Governments must act before families can. B For more than thirty years, Grandma Yin has been planting trees on the edge of a desert that once swallowed her village. Today, where there was only yellow sand, a green belt stretches for miles — and most of it grew from her hands. Yin's story began in sorrow. As a young woman, she watched sandstorms bury her family's fields and force her neighbours to leave. Determined not to lose her home, she borrowed a few young trees and planted them along the dunes. Almost all of them died in the first year, and many people laughed and told her she was wasting her time. But Yin refused to give up. She learned which trees could survive the dry soil, how to hold water in the sand, and when to plant so that the young roots had a chance. Year after year, she and a small group of villagers carried water across the dunes and replanted what the wind destroyed. Slowly, the green began to spread. The change has been remarkable. Birds and small animals have returned, the air is cleaner, and crops once again grow in fields that were given up for dead. Scientists now visit to study her methods, and young volunteers come each spring to plant beside her. Now in her seventies, Yin still works among her trees every morning. She says she does not think of herself as a hero. The desert taught her patience, she explains, and the trees taught her hope. Her dream is simple: that the forest she started will keep growing long after she is gone. 24. Why did Yin start planting trees? A. To prove her doubting neighbours wrong. B. To win praise from visiting scientists. C. To attract young volunteers. D. To save her home from the desert. 25. What happened to the trees she first planted? A. Almost all of them died. B. They grew faster than expected. C. About half of them survived. D. They were blown away by sandstorms. 26. What does paragraph 4 mainly show? A. The causes of desertification. B. The results of Yin's efforts. C. The planting methods Yin used. D. The role of the visiting scientists. 27. What can we learn from Yin's words in the last paragraph? A. Only experts can fight the desert. B. Heroes deserve the highest honour. C. Patience and hope can transform a land. D. Nature cannot be changed by people. C Every year, millions of students travel abroad to study, while many more meet people from other countries online without ever leaving home. Some ask whether all this effort to bridge cultures really matters. The answer, most experts agree, is that it matters more than ever. Supporters of cultural exchange point first to understanding. When we learn another language or live among people who do things differently, the strange slowly becomes familiar. Habits that once seemed odd begin to make sense, and the lazy judgements we make about foreigners fall away. It is far harder to fear or dislike a people once you have shared their food, laughed at their jokes and struggled through their grammar. There are practical gains too. In a connected world, employers value people who can work across cultures, and many of the biggest problems — disease, climate change, poverty — cannot be solved by any country alone. The young person who learns to listen to a different point of view may one day help nations do the same. Of course, exchange is not always easy. Misunderstandings happen, and some worry that local traditions may be lost as the world grows more alike. Yet bridging cultures does not mean becoming the same. A bridge, after all, joins two banks without making them one; it lets people cross in both directions while each side keeps its own ground. In the end, learning about others is also a way of learning about ourselves. Seeing our own customs through a stranger's eyes, we notice what we had always taken for granted — and often come to value it all the more. 28. According to paragraph 2, what does cultural exchange mainly help people do? A. Earn much higher salaries. B. Avoid all misunderstandings. C. Give up their own traditions. D. Understand and accept others. 29. Why does the author mention disease and climate change? A. To show big problems need global cooperation. B. To suggest that travel spreads disease. C. To argue that one strong country can lead. D. To explain why traditions are disappearing. 30. What does the bridge in paragraph 4 stand for? A. Making all cultures identical. B. Joining cultures while each keeps its own. C. Building real bridges between countries. D. Replacing weaker cultures with stronger ones. 31. What is the author's attitude towards bridging cultures? A. Mostly critical. B. Supportive but uncertain. C. Clearly supportive. D. Completely neutral. D More people have walked on the Moon than have travelled to the deepest parts of our oceans. Although the sea covers more than two-thirds of our planet, most of its floor has never been mapped in detail, and scientists believe that millions of species living there are still unknown to us. Exploring the deep sea is extraordinarily difficult. Sunlight disappears a few hundred metres down, the water is close to freezing, and the pressure can be hundreds of times greater than at the surface — enough to crush an ordinary submarine like a paper cup. For a long time, these conditions kept the deep ocean almost completely out of reach. New technology is changing that. Robot vehicles, controlled from ships far above or even working on their own, now carry cameras and arms into the dark. They have filmed strange creatures that glow with their own light, discovered hot springs on the sea floor where life thrives without sunlight, and brought back samples that may lead to new medicines. Why does it matter? The deep sea helps control the world's climate by storing vast amounts of heat and carbon, and understanding it is essential if we are to predict our future. Its creatures, shaped by one of the harshest environments on Earth, may teach us how life survives in extreme conditions — knowledge that could even guide the search for life on other planets. Yet the deep ocean is already under threat from pollution and from plans to mine its floor for metals. Many scientists argue that we should map and understand this hidden world before we damage it. The deep sea, they remind us, is not an empty desert but the largest living space on our planet — and one we are only beginning to explore. 32. What does paragraph 1 tell us about the deep sea? A. Most of its species are now known. B. It covers half of the planet. C. It has been mapped in detail. D. It remains largely unexplored. 33. Why is exploring the deep sea so difficult? A. The cold and pressure are extreme. B. It lies too far from any coast. C. The water is too clear to see through. D. Strong currents overturn the robots. 34. What have deep-sea robot vehicles achieved? A. They have ended the need for ships. B. They have made important discoveries. C. They have already produced new medicines. D. They have mapped the whole sea floor. 35. What does the author mainly want to tell us? A. Deep-sea mining should expand quickly. B. The deep sea is too dangerous to explore. C. We should understand the deep sea before harming it. D. Pollution has already destroyed the deep sea. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Most of us know what a healthy life looks like, but turning that knowledge into daily habits is surprisingly hard. ___36___ ___37___ Instead of trying to change everything at once, begin with something tiny — ten minutes of exercise, or one piece of fruit a day. A small habit you actually keep beats a big plan you abandon. Make the healthy choice the easy choice. ___38___ If you want to eat more fruit, leave a bowl of it where you can see it; if you want to read more, keep a book by your bed. Habits also stick better when they have an anchor. ___39___ Doing something at the same time or place each day soon turns it into a routine you barely have to think about. Finally, be kind to yourself, because everyone slips now and then. ___40___ A. Tie a new habit to a fixed time or place. B. The good news is that change is truly possible. C. Missing a single day does not undo your progress. D. Keeping track of your progress can be very motivating. E. Big goals are the fastest way to succeed. F. Small steps are easier to keep than huge ones. G. Your surroundings quietly shape your behaviour. 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节　完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When my grandfather died last winter, I felt as if a light had gone out of our small town, and for weeks I did not know what to do with my sadness. Grandpa had been famous for his ___41___. Neighbours still talked about how he left vegetables on doorsteps and fixed bicycles for free. One grey afternoon, sorting through his shed, I ___42___ an old wooden cupboard he had once used for tools. An idea slowly ___43___ in my mind. With my father's help, I cleaned the cupboard, painted it bright blue, and ___44___ it to the fence outside our house. On the door I wrote four simple words: take what you ___45___. Inside I placed some rice, a few tins of food and a note saying that anyone could ___46___ something or leave something behind. At first I was ___47___ that no one would use it, or worse, that people would think our family strange. For two days the cupboard stood ___48___. Then, on the third morning, the rice was gone, and in its place sat a bag of fresh oranges and a hand-written thank-you note. After that, the little blue cupboard came ___49___. People left bread, books, warm gloves and vegetables from their gardens. Those who had plenty gave ___50___; those who were struggling took what they needed, without shame. Strangers even began to ___51___ one another by name. Something in our town had quietly changed. Looking back, I think Grandpa would have ___52___. I had set out to honour his memory, but the cupboard ended up doing something larger: it reminded a whole neighbourhood how good it feels to ___53___. My sadness did not disappear overnight, yet every time I passed that blue door, it grew a little ___54___ to bear. In giving to others, I had somehow found a way to ___55___ myself. 41. A. kindness B. wealth C. strength D. humour 42. A. broke B. found C. sold D. lost 43. A. faded B. stopped C. formed D. failed 44. A. compared B. threw C. showed D. fixed 45. A. need B. buy C. lose D. drop 46. A. break B. take C. sell D. count 47. A. sure B. glad C. afraid D. proud 48. A. busy B. bright C. ready D. empty 49. A. alive B. back C. down D. apart 50. A. up B. freely C. away D. back 51. A. follow B. avoid C. greet D. teach 52. A. cried B. left C. refused D. smiled 53. A. share B. win C. rest D. travel 54. A. longer B. easier C. quieter D. stranger 55. A. blame B. hide C. heal D. lose 第二节　语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese ink painting, one of ___56___ oldest art forms in the world, has been admired for thousands of years. Unlike Western oil painting, it uses only black ink and water, ___57___ (create) endless shades of grey on white paper. A good ink painting is not simply a copy of what the artist sees. The painter, ___58___ (hold) the brush lightly, tries to capture the spirit of a mountain or a flower in just a few strokes. Empty space is left on purpose ___59___ (allow) the viewer's imagination to fill it. The art has its ___60___ (root) deep in Chinese culture, for many painters were also poets, and a painting ___61___ a poem written beside it was thought to be more complete. Today, ink painting ___62___ (teach) in schools across China, and it is becoming popular abroad as well. Foreign learners are often ___63___ (surprise) by how hard it is to paint something that looks so simple. Through every careful stroke, they come to understand ___64___ this ancient art values patience and feeling more ___65___ perfect detail. 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华。上周你校组织高二同学开展“职业体验日”，到不同岗位实习体验。请给外国朋友 Jim 写一封电子邮件分享这次活动，内容包括： （1）活动的主要内容； （2）你的收获与感悟。 注意：（1）词数 80 左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When the school announced a Culture Fair where each class would present a traditional Chinese art, Lin's heart sank. Her grandmother was famous in their town for her paper-cutting, and everyone expected Lin to ask the old woman for help. The trouble was that Lin had always found paper-cutting old-fashioned. While her friends posted videos of dances and pop songs, she felt embarrassed to stand beside red paper and tiny scissors. Still, with the fair only a week away and no better idea, she finally knocked on her grandmother's door. To Lin's surprise, Grandma's eyes lit up at once. She cleared the table, spread out sheets of bright red paper, and began to fold and cut with hands that moved like water. In minutes a plain square became a leaping fish, and then a blooming flower. Lin watched, half unwilling, as her own fingers itched to try. Her first attempts were a mess. Lin's fish looked more like a worm, and she almost gave up. But Grandma only laughed softly, guided her hands, and told her the stories hidden in each pattern — luck, harvest, long life. Slowly, something in Lin began to change. On the morning of the fair, Lin carried a box of her own paper-cuttings to school, her heart beating fast as she wondered how her classmates would react. 注意：（1）续写词数应为 150 左右；（2）请按所给段落开头语续写两段。 At the fair, Lin nervously spread her paper-cuttings on the desk. That evening, Lin ran home to tell Grandma everything. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语下学期期末模拟卷 （人教版选择性必修一至四 · 选材改编自新闻外刊）　解析版 满分：120分　　考试时间：100分钟 第一部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Most of us want to help the planet, but it is hard to know where to start. To find out where ordinary people can make the most difference, a research team measured the carbon footprint of an average family for a whole year and broke it down by source. The results are shown in the table below. Together they tell a clear story: a few everyday activities create most of a family's carbon emissions. Source Share of a family's yearly carbon footprint Home energy (heating & electricity) 34% Car travel 28% Food (especially meat and dairy) 21% Flights 11% Other (clothes, gadgets, etc.) 6% Knowing where the carbon comes from makes it easier to act. The next table shows where small, everyday changes help the most. Area A simple change that helps Home energy Switch to LED bulbs and turn the heating down by 1°C. Car travel Walk, cycle or share rides for short trips. Food Eat less meat and throw away less food. Flights Take the train for journeys under 1,000 km. “No single change will save the planet,” says Dr Helen Carr, who led the study. “But small steps, multiplied by millions of families, add up to something huge. The smart thing is to start with the biggest slice of your own footprint.” 【导语】本文是一篇应用文（含图表），用数据表呈现普通家庭碳足迹的来源构成与减排建议（呼应“环境保护”话题）。 21. According to the figures, home energy and car travel together make up about A. 62%. B. 55%. C. 49%. D. 34%. 【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。根据第一个数据表，Home energy（家庭能源）占 34%、Car travel（汽车出行）占 28%，二者相加约为 62%（34%+28%=62%）。故选A。 22. What does the passage suggest for cutting food-related carbon? A. Switching to LED bulbs. B. Eating less meat and wasting less food. C. Taking the train instead of flying. D. Turning the heating down by 1°C. 【答案】B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个表格 Food 一行“Eat less meat and throw away less food”（少吃肉、少浪费食物）可知，减少与食物相关的碳排放应少吃肉、减少食物浪费。故选B。 23. What does Dr Carr stress at the end of the passage? A. One change alone can save the planet. B. People should start with the smallest source. C. Small changes by many people add up. D. Governments must act before families can. 【答案】C　【解析】推理判断题。根据末段 Dr Carr 的话“small steps, multiplied by millions of families, add up to something huge”（千百万家庭的小步累积起来汇成巨大的改变）可推知，她强调众人的小改变汇聚成大改变。故选C。 B For more than thirty years, Grandma Yin has been planting trees on the edge of a desert that once swallowed her village. Today, where there was only yellow sand, a green belt stretches for miles — and most of it grew from her hands. Yin's story began in sorrow. As a young woman, she watched sandstorms bury her family's fields and force her neighbours to leave. Determined not to lose her home, she borrowed a few young trees and planted them along the dunes. Almost all of them died in the first year, and many people laughed and told her she was wasting her time. But Yin refused to give up. She learned which trees could survive the dry soil, how to hold water in the sand, and when to plant so that the young roots had a chance. Year after year, she and a small group of villagers carried water across the dunes and replanted what the wind destroyed. Slowly, the green began to spread. The change has been remarkable. Birds and small animals have returned, the air is cleaner, and crops once again grow in fields that were given up for dead. Scientists now visit to study her methods, and young volunteers come each spring to plant beside her. Now in her seventies, Yin still works among her trees every morning. She says she does not think of herself as a hero. The desert taught her patience, she explains, and the trees taught her hope. Her dream is simple: that the forest she started will keep growing long after she is gone. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文（人物报道），讲述七旬治沙人尹奶奶三十年坚持种树、把沙漠变成绿洲的故事（呼应“成就人物/逆境与勇气/农业”话题）。 24. Why did Yin start planting trees? A. To prove her doubting neighbours wrong. B. To win praise from visiting scientists. C. To attract young volunteers. D. To save her home from the desert. 【答案】D　【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Determined not to lose her home, she borrowed a few young trees and planted them”（她下定决心不失去家园，于是借来几棵小树种下）可推知，她种树是为守护家园、抵御沙漠。故选D。 25. What happened to the trees she first planted? A. Almost all of them died. B. They grew faster than expected. C. About half of them survived. D. They were blown away by sandstorms. 【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Almost all of them died in the first year”（第一年它们几乎全部枯死）可知。故选A。 26. What does paragraph 4 mainly show? A. The causes of desertification. B. The results of Yin's efforts. C. The planting methods Yin used. D. The role of the visiting scientists. 【答案】B　【解析】主旨大意题。第四段以鸟兽回归、空气变好、作物重生（Birds and small animals have returned, the air is cleaner, and crops once again grow）说明她努力带来的成效。故选B。 27. What can we learn from Yin's words in the last paragraph? A. Only experts can fight the desert. B. Heroes deserve the highest honour. C. Patience and hope can transform a land. D. Nature cannot be changed by people. 【答案】C　【解析】推理判断题。根据末段“The desert taught her patience ... and the trees taught her hope”（沙漠教会她耐心，树木教会她希望）可推知，耐心与希望能改变一片土地。故选C。 C Every year, millions of students travel abroad to study, while many more meet people from other countries online without ever leaving home. Some ask whether all this effort to bridge cultures really matters. The answer, most experts agree, is that it matters more than ever. Supporters of cultural exchange point first to understanding. When we learn another language or live among people who do things differently, the strange slowly becomes familiar. Habits that once seemed odd begin to make sense, and the lazy judgements we make about foreigners fall away. It is far harder to fear or dislike a people once you have shared their food, laughed at their jokes and struggled through their grammar. There are practical gains too. In a connected world, employers value people who can work across cultures, and many of the biggest problems — disease, climate change, poverty — cannot be solved by any country alone. The young person who learns to listen to a different point of view may one day help nations do the same. Of course, exchange is not always easy. Misunderstandings happen, and some worry that local traditions may be lost as the world grows more alike. Yet bridging cultures does not mean becoming the same. A bridge, after all, joins two banks without making them one; it lets people cross in both directions while each side keeps its own ground. In the end, learning about others is also a way of learning about ourselves. Seeing our own customs through a stranger's eyes, we notice what we had always taken for granted — and often come to value it all the more. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨“搭建文化桥梁”的意义，呈现支持理由与理性回应（呼应“搭建文化桥梁”话题）。 28. According to paragraph 2, what does cultural exchange mainly help people do? A. Earn much higher salaries. B. Avoid all misunderstandings. C. Give up their own traditions. D. Understand and accept others. 【答案】D　【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“the strange slowly becomes familiar ... the lazy judgements we make about foreigners fall away”（陌生渐渐变得熟悉……我们对外国人的草率评判随之消散）可知，文化交流帮助人们理解并接纳他人。故选D。 29. Why does the author mention disease and climate change? A. To show big problems need global cooperation. B. To suggest that travel spreads disease. C. To argue that one strong country can lead. D. To explain why traditions are disappearing. 【答案】A　【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“many of the biggest problems — disease, climate change, poverty — cannot be solved by any country alone”（许多最大的难题——疾病、气候变化、贫困——没有哪个国家能独自解决）可推知，作者借此说明重大问题需跨国合作。故选A。 30. What does the bridge in paragraph 4 stand for? A. Making all cultures identical. B. Joining cultures while each keeps its own. C. Building real bridges between countries. D. Replacing weaker cultures with stronger ones. 【答案】B　【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“A bridge ... joins two banks without making them one; it lets people cross in both directions while each side keeps its own ground”（桥连接两岸却不使其合一；让人们双向往来，而各自保有立足之地）可知，bridge 喻指连接不同文化又各自保留特性。故选B。 31. What is the author's attitude towards bridging cultures? A. Mostly critical. B. Supportive but uncertain. C. Clearly supportive. D. Completely neutral. 【答案】C　【解析】观点态度题。作者既陈述理解与现实益处，又理性回应担忧，全文支持文化交流，故态度为坚定支持。故选C。 D More people have walked on the Moon than have travelled to the deepest parts of our oceans. Although the sea covers more than two-thirds of our planet, most of its floor has never been mapped in detail, and scientists believe that millions of species living there are still unknown to us. Exploring the deep sea is extraordinarily difficult. Sunlight disappears a few hundred metres down, the water is close to freezing, and the pressure can be hundreds of times greater than at the surface — enough to crush an ordinary submarine like a paper cup. For a long time, these conditions kept the deep ocean almost completely out of reach. New technology is changing that. Robot vehicles, controlled from ships far above or even working on their own, now carry cameras and arms into the dark. They have filmed strange creatures that glow with their own light, discovered hot springs on the sea floor where life thrives without sunlight, and brought back samples that may lead to new medicines. Why does it matter? The deep sea helps control the world's climate by storing vast amounts of heat and carbon, and understanding it is essential if we are to predict our future. Its creatures, shaped by one of the harshest environments on Earth, may teach us how life survives in extreme conditions — knowledge that could even guide the search for life on other planets. Yet the deep ocean is already under threat from pollution and from plans to mine its floor for metals. Many scientists argue that we should map and understand this hidden world before we damage it. The deep sea, they remind us, is not an empty desert but the largest living space on our planet — and one we are only beginning to explore. 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍深海探索的难度、新技术成果及其意义与隐忧（呼应“海洋探索/科学与科学家/展望未来”话题）。 32. What does paragraph 1 tell us about the deep sea? A. Most of its species are now known. B. It covers half of the planet. C. It has been mapped in detail. D. It remains largely unexplored. 【答案】D　【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“most of its floor has never been mapped in detail ... millions of species ... are still unknown to us”（大部分海底从未被详细测绘……数百万物种仍不为我们所知）可知，深海大体仍未被探明。故选D。 33. Why is exploring the deep sea so difficult? A. The cold and pressure are extreme. B. It lies too far from any coast. C. The water is too clear to see through. D. Strong currents overturn the robots. 【答案】A　【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“the water is close to freezing, and the pressure can be hundreds of times greater than at the surface”（海水接近冰点，压力可达海面的数百倍）可知，低温与高压使探索极难。故选A。 34. What have deep-sea robot vehicles achieved? A. They have ended the need for ships. B. They have made important discoveries. C. They have already produced new medicines. D. They have mapped the whole sea floor. 【答案】B　【解析】主旨大意题。第三段列举机器人拍到发光生物、发现海底热泉、带回样本（filmed strange creatures ... discovered hot springs ... brought back samples）说明它们取得了重要发现。故选B。 35. What does the author mainly want to tell us? A. Deep-sea mining should expand quickly. B. The deep sea is too dangerous to explore. C. We should understand the deep sea before harming it. D. Pollution has already destroyed the deep sea. 【答案】C　【解析】主旨大意题。文章先说明深海难以探索、再介绍机器人探测的成果与深海对气候和科研的意义，最后在末段“we should map and understand this hidden world before we damage it”（应在破坏这片隐秘世界之前先去测绘并了解它）点明主旨，即人类应在开发、破坏深海之前先充分认识它故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Most of us know what a healthy life looks like, but turning that knowledge into daily habits is surprisingly hard. ___36___ ___37___ Instead of trying to change everything at once, begin with something tiny — ten minutes of exercise, or one piece of fruit a day. A small habit you actually keep beats a big plan you abandon. Make the healthy choice the easy choice. ___38___ If you want to eat more fruit, leave a bowl of it where you can see it; if you want to read more, keep a book by your bed. Habits also stick better when they have an anchor. ___39___ Doing something at the same time or place each day soon turns it into a routine you barely have to think about. Finally, be kind to yourself, because everyone slips now and then. ___40___ A. Tie a new habit to a fixed time or place. B. The good news is that change is truly possible. C. Missing a single day does not undo your progress. D. Keeping track of your progress can be very motivating. E. Big goals are the fastest way to succeed. F. Small steps are easier to keep than huge ones. G. Your surroundings quietly shape your behaviour. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍如何养成并坚持健康的生活习惯（呼应“健康生活方式”话题）。 【36】B　根据空前“turning that knowledge into daily habits is surprisingly hard”（把这种认知变成日常习惯出奇地难）及下文给出策略可知，空处（段尾）需转折引出希望。B选项“The good news is that change is truly possible.（好消息是，改变确实可能）”引出下文方法，故选B项。 【37】F　段首空。根据空后“begin with something tiny ... A small habit you actually keep beats a big plan you abandon”（从极小处做起……能坚持的小习惯胜过半途而废的大计划）可知，F选项“Small steps are easier to keep than huge ones.（小步比大步更易坚持）”作主题句，故选F项。 【38】G　根据空前“Make the healthy choice the easy choice”（让健康的选择成为容易的选择）及空后把水果、书放在显眼处的例子可知，G选项“Your surroundings quietly shape your behaviour.（环境会悄悄塑造你的行为）”承接，故选G项。 【39】A　根据空前“Habits also stick better when they have an anchor”（习惯有了“锚点”更易坚持）及空后“at the same time or place each day”（每天同一时间或地点）可知，A选项“Tie a new habit to a fixed time or place.（把新习惯绑定到固定的时间或地点）”衔接，故选A项。 【40】C　段尾空。根据空前“be kind to yourself, because everyone slips now and then”（善待自己，因为人人都会偶尔松懈）可知，C选项“Missing a single day does not undo your progress.（漏掉一天并不会让你的进步前功尽弃）”收束，故选C项。 【干扰项】干扰项 D、E：D“记录进步很能激励人”与‘习惯养成’话题相关，易在 39/40 处误选，却接不上具体语境；E“大目标是最快的成功之道”与第二段“小步坚持”正好相反，为反向干扰；二者均属文本相关但逻辑不接。 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节　完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When my grandfather died last winter, I felt as if a light had gone out of our small town, and for weeks I did not know what to do with my sadness. Grandpa had been famous for his ___41___. Neighbours still talked about how he left vegetables on doorsteps and fixed bicycles for free. One grey afternoon, sorting through his shed, I ___42___ an old wooden cupboard he had once used for tools. An idea slowly ___43___ in my mind. With my father's help, I cleaned the cupboard, painted it bright blue, and ___44___ it to the fence outside our house. On the door I wrote four simple words: take what you ___45___. Inside I placed some rice, a few tins of food and a note saying that anyone could ___46___ something or leave something behind. At first I was ___47___ that no one would use it, or worse, that people would think our family strange. For two days the cupboard stood ___48___. Then, on the third morning, the rice was gone, and in its place sat a bag of fresh oranges and a hand-written thank-you note. After that, the little blue cupboard came ___49___. People left bread, books, warm gloves and vegetables from their gardens. Those who had plenty gave ___50___; those who were struggling took what they needed, without shame. Strangers even began to ___51___ one another by name. Something in our town had quietly changed. Looking back, I think Grandpa would have ___52___. I had set out to honour his memory, but the cupboard ended up doing something larger: it reminded a whole neighbourhood how good it feels to ___53___. My sadness did not disappear overnight, yet every time I passed that blue door, it grew a little ___54___ to bear. In giving to others, I had somehow found a way to ___55___ myself. 41. A. kindness B. wealth C. strength D. humour 42. A. broke B. found C. sold D. lost 43. A. faded B. stopped C. formed D. failed 44. A. compared B. threw C. showed D. fixed 45. A. need B. buy C. lose D. drop 46. A. break B. take C. sell D. count 47. A. sure B. glad C. afraid D. proud 48. A. busy B. bright C. ready D. empty 49. A. alive B. back C. down D. apart 50. A. up B. freely C. away D. back 51. A. follow B. avoid C. greet D. teach 52. A. cried B. left C. refused D. smiled 53. A. share B. win C. rest D. travel 54. A. longer B. easier C. quieter D. stranger 55. A. blame B. hide C. heal D. lose 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述“我”在祖父离世后，用他的旧木柜做成社区“分享柜”，在给予中疗愈自己、温暖邻里（呼应“分享/逆境与勇气”话题）。 【41】A　【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：祖父一向以善良闻名。A. kindness 善良；B. wealth 财富；C. strength 力量；D. humour 幽默。由下文留菜于门前、免费修车可知他以“善良”著称，故选A。 【42】B　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个阴沉的午后，翻整他的棚屋时，我发现了一个他曾用来放工具的旧木柜。A. broke 弄坏；B. found 发现；C. sold 卖掉；D. lost 丢失。由 sorting through his shed 可知此处指“发现”，故选B。 【43】C　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个想法在我脑海中慢慢形成。A. faded 褪去；B. stopped 停止；C. formed 形成；D. failed 失败。由 An idea slowly 可知此处指想法逐渐“形成”，故选C。 【44】D　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父亲帮助下，我把柜子刷成亮蓝色，并固定在屋外篱笆上。A. compared 比较；B. threw 扔；C. showed 展示；D. fixed 固定。由 to the fence 可知是把柜子“固定”在篱笆上，故选D。 【45】A　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门上我写下四个字：取你所需。A. need 需要；B. buy 购买；C. lose 丢失；失去；D. drop 落下。由 take what you ___ 可知是“取你所需”，故选A。 【46】B　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何人都可以取走东西，或留下东西。A. break 打破；B. take 取走；C. sell 卖；D. count 数。与 or leave something behind 相对可知此处为“取走”，故选B。 【47】C　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初我担心没人会用它。A. sure 确信的；B. glad 高兴的；C. afraid 担心的；D. proud 自豪的。由 that no one would use it 可知“我”起初“担心”，故选C。 【48】D　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：头两天，柜子一直空着。A. busy 繁忙的；B. bright 明亮的；C. ready 就绪的；D. empty 空的。由下文第三天 the rice was gone 可知前两天柜子“空着”无人问津，故选D。 【49】A　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此后，这个蓝色小柜子“活”了起来。A. alive 有生气的；B. back 回来；归还；C. down 向下；D. apart 分开。come alive“活跃起来”，由下文人们不断留物可知，故选A。 【50】B　【解析】考查副词词义辨析（动词搭配）。句意：富足的人慷慨地给予，困窘的人则取其所需。A. up （give up）放弃；B. freely 慷慨地，自由地；C. away （give away）赠送；D. back 回来；归还。与下文 took what they needed 相对，可知富足者“慷慨地”给予，give freely，故选B。 【51】C　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：陌生人甚至开始以名字互相问候。A. follow 跟随；B. avoid 回避；C. greet 打招呼，问候；D. teach 教。由 one another by name 及邻里融洽可知是互相“打招呼、问候”，故选C。 【52】D　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我想祖父定会欣慰地微笑。A. cried 哭；B. left 离开；C. refused 拒绝；D. smiled 微笑。由全文善举与 honour his memory 可知祖父会“微笑”赞许，故选D。 【53】A　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它让整条街的人重新感受到分享的美好。A. share 分享；B. win 获胜；C. rest 休息；D. travel 旅行。由“分享柜”这一主题可知是“分享”，故选A。 【54】B　【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可每次经过那扇蓝色柜门，悲伤都变得更容易承受一些。A. longer 更长的；B. easier 更容易的；C. quieter 更安静的；D. stranger 更陌生的。由 to bear 可知悲伤变得“更容易”承受，故选B。 【55】C　【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在给予他人的过程中，我竟也找到了治愈自己的方式。A. blame 责备；B. hide 躲藏；C. heal 治愈；D. lose 丢失；失去。由 My sadness 与疗愈主题可知是“治愈”自己，故选C。 第二节　语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese ink painting, one of ___56___ oldest art forms in the world, has been admired for thousands of years. Unlike Western oil painting, it uses only black ink and water, ___57___ (create) endless shades of grey on white paper. A good ink painting is not simply a copy of what the artist sees. The painter, ___58___ (hold) the brush lightly, tries to capture the spirit of a mountain or a flower in just a few strokes. Empty space is left on purpose ___59___ (allow) the viewer's imagination to fill it. The art has its ___60___ (root) deep in Chinese culture, for many painters were also poets, and a painting ___61___ a poem written beside it was thought to be more complete. Today, ink painting ___62___ (teach) in schools across China, and it is becoming popular abroad as well. Foreign learners are often ___63___ (surprise) by how hard it is to paint something that looks so simple. Through every careful stroke, they come to understand ___64___ this ancient art values patience and feeling more ___65___ perfect detail. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国水墨画的特点与文化内涵（呼应“艺术/饮食文化”等中华文化话题），体现“语法+语境+文化”融合。 【56】the　考查冠词。句意：中国水墨画是世界上最古老的艺术形式之一，已被欣赏数千年。形容词最高级 oldest 前用定冠词 the。故填 the。 【57】creating　考查现在分词作状语。句意：与西方油画不同，它只用黑墨和水，在白纸上创造出无穷的灰色层次。it uses only black ink and water 与 create 为主动关系，用现在分词表结果。故填 creating。 【58】holding　考查现在分词作状语。句意：握笔轻巧的画家，力图用寥寥数笔捕捉山或花的神韵。逻辑主语 The painter 与 hold 为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 holding。 【59】to allow　考查不定式作目的状语。句意：留白是有意为之，以便让观者的想象去填补。表目的，用动词不定式 to allow。故填 to allow。 【60】roots　考查名词的数。句意：这门艺术深深植根于中国文化。have one's roots in 中 root 为可数名词，用复数 roots。故填 roots。 【61】with　考查介词。句意：一幅旁题诗句的画被认为更为完整。a painting with a poem written beside it，表伴随用 with。故填 with。 【62】is taught　考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：如今，水墨画在中国各地的学校里被教授，在国外也日渐流行。主语 ink painting 与 teach 为被动关系。故填 is taught。 【63】surprised　考查过去分词作表语。句意：外国学习者常常惊讶于：画出看似如此简单的东西竟如此之难。be surprised“感到惊讶”，用过去分词。故填 surprised。 【64】why　考查名词性从句。句意：透过每一笔的用心，他们逐渐明白这门古老艺术为何更看重耐心与情感，而非完美的细节。understand 后接宾语从句，意为“为何”，用 why。故填 why。 【65】than　考查比较结构。句意：句意同上。与前面的 more 构成 more...than，故填 than。故填 than。 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华。上周你校组织高二同学开展“职业体验日”，到不同岗位实习体验。请给外国朋友 Jim 写一封电子邮件分享这次活动，内容包括： （1）活动的主要内容； （2）你的收获与感悟。 注意：（1）词数 80 左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, 【写作指导】本文为分享类邮件，落实“五育并举”中的劳动与生涯教育，须覆盖两个要点：活动内容（职业体验日、跟岗见习）与个人收获感悟（认识职业、规划未来、尊重劳动）。情境真实、对城乡学生公平，确有用英文与外国朋友分享的必要。注意书信格式、过去时叙事与现在时谈感悟，落款右对齐。 【高分句型】I followed a nurse at the local hospital, learning how she comforted patients（运用现在分词短语作状语，how 引导宾语从句）。 Possible Version　（Word count: 约 105 词） Dear Jim, How is everything going? I'd love to share an eye-opening activity our school held last week — a Career Experience Day. That day, each of us spent the morning shadowing a worker in a job we were curious about. I followed a nurse at the local hospital, learning how she comforted patients and recorded their needs. Others worked beside engineers, farmers and shop owners. We then shared what we had seen at an afternoon meeting. The day gave me a real sense of what different careers demand, and helped me think more clearly about my own future. Most of all, I have learned to respect every kind of honest work. I hope you can join something like this one day! Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When the school announced a Culture Fair where each class would present a traditional Chinese art, Lin's heart sank. Her grandmother was famous in their town for her paper-cutting, and everyone expected Lin to ask the old woman for help. The trouble was that Lin had always found paper-cutting old-fashioned. While her friends posted videos of dances and pop songs, she felt embarrassed to stand beside red paper and tiny scissors. Still, with the fair only a week away and no better idea, she finally knocked on her grandmother's door. To Lin's surprise, Grandma's eyes lit up at once. She cleared the table, spread out sheets of bright red paper, and began to fold and cut with hands that moved like water. In minutes a plain square became a leaping fish, and then a blooming flower. Lin watched, half unwilling, as her own fingers itched to try. Her first attempts were a mess. Lin's fish looked more like a worm, and she almost gave up. But Grandma only laughed softly, guided her hands, and told her the stories hidden in each pattern — luck, harvest, long life. Slowly, something in Lin began to change. On the morning of the fair, Lin carried a box of her own paper-cuttings to school, her heart beating fast as she wondered how her classmates would react. 注意：（1）续写词数应为 150 左右；（2）请按所给段落开头语续写两段。 At the fair, Lin nervously spread her paper-cuttings on the desk. For a moment, no one seemed to notice. Then a classmate stopped, picked up a delicate red fish, and gasped. Soon a small crowd had gathered around Lin's corner, asking how she had made such tiny, perfect shapes. Shyly at first, and then with growing pride, Lin began to explain the meaning of each pattern, just as Grandma had taught her. Even the art teacher came over to admire her work, and several students begged her to show them how to begin. The red paper she had once felt ashamed of had become the star of the fair. That evening, Lin ran home to tell Grandma everything. Breathless, she described the crowd, the questions and the teacher's praise. Grandma listened with shining eyes and said nothing for a while. Then she took Lin's hands — the same hands that had struggled with the scissors a week before — and smiled. Together they sat down at the old table and began to cut a brand-new pattern, side by side. For the first time, Lin understood that the art she had once thought old-fashioned was a living thread linking her to her grandmother, and she felt proud to carry it on. 【写作指导】续写紧扣线索：作品在文化节上意外受热捧、Lin 自豪地讲解纹样寓意（第一段）；当晚回家与奶奶分享、祖孙并肩再剪、领悟非遗是连接亲情的活的纽带（第二段）。遵循一致、正能量、曲折（抵触—转变—自豪）、句型词汇丰富四原则；交织情感线（尴尬→投入→自豪）、动作线与主题线，并做到两个呼应。 【高分句型】Shyly at first, and then with growing pride, Lin began to explain the meaning of each pattern（运用 at first...then... 与情感递进，体现状态变化）。（Word count: 约 150 词） 客观题参考答案 21.A　22.B　23.C　24.D　25.A　26.B　27.C　28.D　29.A　30.B 31.C　32.D　33.A　34.B　35.C　36.B　37.F　38.G　39.A　40.C 41.A　42.B　43.C　44.D　45.A　46.B　47.C　48.D　49.A　50.B 51.C　52.D　53.A　54.B　55.C 语法填空（56—65） 56. the 57. creating 58. holding 59. to allow 60. roots 61. with 62. is taught 63. surprised 64. why 65. than 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $