暑假作业01 被动语态（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材外研版

**基本信息** 以“结构对比-方法提炼-分层训练”构建被动语态专项体系，通过三步转换法和逻辑思维图实现从规则理解到灵活应用的语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心结构|3时态（现/过/将来）对比+例句|被动公式：be+过去分词；be表时间/匹配，done表被动/完成|从主动被动结构对比到核心原理提炼，构建“时态-结构-意义”逻辑链| |三步转换法|3转换例题|找宾语→定be动词→改动词（be+done）|以步骤化推理破解主动被动转换，培养分析问题的思维能力| |综合应用训练|单选5题+语法填空8题+完成句子5题|记忆口诀（时态看be，后接done，主变宾加by）|覆盖中考高频题型，实现从规则记忆到语境应用的学习能力迁移|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态 一、核心结构（主动→被动的转换公式） 时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + 过去分词 They grow tea. → Tea is grown by them. 一般过去时 did was/were + 过去分词 He wrote the book. → The book was written by him. 一般将来时 will do will be + 过去分词 We will hold a party. → A party will be held by us. · 核心提炼 不难看出，被动语态的基本公式结构是be + 动词的过去分词（done） 其中be 动词 表示时间，配合主语，代表时态（现在/过去/将来）、人称和数（am/is/are, was/were） 而过去分词done则表示被动以及动作已完成，表明了动作的承受者身份和动作的完成状态。 · 逻辑思维图 主语（承受者） + be（时间+匹配） + done（被动+完成） + (by 动作执行者) 例如：The homework was finished by Tom. ↑ ↑ ↑ 承受者 过去时间 被动 +单数 · 记忆口诀 时态看be动词（am/is/are, was/were, will be），后面跟上过去分词，主语变宾语前加by。 二、方法：三步转换法（学会推理） 1) 找宾语：主动句中找宾语 → 变为被动句的主语 2) 定be动词：根据原句时态和被动主语的单复数确定be的形式 3) 改动词：主动谓语动词 → be + 过去分词，原主语变by短语（可省略） [举例练习] 1) 主动：My mother cleans the room every day.（一般现在） → 被动：_______________________________________________________ 2) 主动：They built the bridge in 2000.（一般过去） → 被动：_______________________________________________________ 3) 主动：The company will launch a new product.（一般将来） → 被动：_______________________________________________________ 一、单项选择 1．—Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.     —That’s nice. A．will keep B．will be kept C．has kept D．is kept 2．（25-26八年级下·天津滨海新区·期中）A lot of useful information about the company ________ in the interview yesterday. A．is provided B．was provided C．provides D．provide 3．The charity show ________ next Sunday to collect money for poor children. A．hold B．held C．will hold D．will be held 4．Many patients ________ by the volunteer doctors on the flying hospital every year. They feel so lucky. A．cure B．cured C．are cured D．were cured 5．The big paper box can ________ a rubbish bin for us to put waste in. A．be used to B．be use as C．be used as D．used to 二、单句语法填空 1．This word is wrongly ________ (spell). You’ve left out a letter. 2．—What ________ (play) during the lunch break in the cafeteria next Monday? —A song about loving the Earth. 3．What do you think ________ (discuss) about environmental protection at tomorrow’s meeting? 4．________ the children ________ (take) to the zoo this Sunday? 5．The villagers ________ (save) by firemen after the sudden flood. 6．As we all know, paper _________ (invent) in ancient China. 7．Do you think teenagers should ________ (encourage) to make their own decisions? 8．Nobody ________ (allow) to swim in rivers during flood warnings. 三、完成句子 1．（25-26八年级下·贵州黔东南·期中）动画片深受全世界孩子和成人的喜爱。 Animated films ________________________ by children and adults all over the world. 2．当地政府不允许人们砍伐树木。 People ________________________________ trees by the local government. 3．（25-26八年级下·陕西渭南·期中）为了我们保持健康，我和妹妹被要求每天10点前睡觉。 To keep us healthy, my younger sister and I ________________ to go to sleep before 10:00 pm every day. 4．在一些城市，人们的健康受到空气污染的影响。 In some cities, people’s health ________________________ by air pollution. 5．多亏了“微笑行动”，每年都有很多孩子得到帮助，获得新的生活。 Thanks to Operation Smile, every year, lots of children ___________________ and ________________________________________. 一、阅读理解 A Chen Shayin, the head teacher of Xiamen Special Education School, never imagined that children with hearing problems and autism (孤独症) could perform so well together on stage. To her amazement, her students surprised everyone with a perfect concert. The idea of having the band started in 2017. A local band came to the school to play music. The children saw the shiny instruments, and their eyes shone with excitement. Seeing this, Miss Chen asked them if they wanted to try playing. The children said yes using sign language. Chen knew she had to help them. With help from some teachers, the Star Dream band was born. Learning to play was very difficult for the children. For students who could not hear well, even making a sound was a big challenge. The teachers found creative ways to teach. They used things like pieces of paper, balloons, and bottles to help the children learn how to play. Slowly, the children began to improve and enjoy making music together. After six years of hard work, the band was ready for a big surprise. In 2023, they held their first full concert for the public. The performance was a great success. The band is bigger now, and the children are invited to perform in many places. Through music, these children learned to express themselves and connect with others. Their beautiful performance shows that every child can feel the joy of life. 1．How did Chen Shayin feel about the students’ performance? A．Quite angry. B．Not surprised. C．Happy and excited. 2．Why was the Star Dream band born? A．To develop the children’s interest in instruments. B．To follow the advice of a famous musician. C．To offer the children more activities. 3．How did teachers deal with learning difficulties? A．By making students practise long hours daily. B．By using everyday objects creatively. C．By asking famous music teachers for help. 4．What is the right order of these events? ① Children saw shiny instruments.    ② The band held their first concert. ③ A music group visited the school.    ④ The teachers used tools to help. A．③ → ① → ④ → ② B．③ →④ → ① → ② C．① → ④ → ③ → ② B Nowadays, smart home devices (设备) have become a popular choice for more and more people. They allow people to manage their homes from anywhere, making life more convenient and enjoyable. However, they also come with safety risks that you may not notice. Some smart home devices are often rushed to the market, without enough safety testing. As a result, some baby monitors (监视器) and cameras have been hacked (非法入侵), so hackers (黑客) could spy on others and even control their devices. Many experts believe that with smart home devices, you shouldn’t ask “if” they will be hacked, but “when”, because many of these devices are easy to hack and don’t have strong protection. If hackers break into your devices, they could get your Wi-Fi password (密码) or other saved personal information. Criminals (犯罪分子) might monitor your device activity to find out when you get up, when you’re not at home, when you come back from work and so on. What’s more, many people control their smart devices through smartphones, which means some important personal information could be at risk. Although the risks of smart home devices might sound scary, there are several ways to stay safe. One of the easiest ways is to keep devices updated (更新). Companies often put out new versions (版本) to replace the old ones, so be sure to update your systems regularly. Another important way is to protect your network. Use a strong Wi-Fi password, turn on network encryption (加密), and consider setting up a guest network for your smart devices. This will help stop strangers from visiting your network and devices. 1．Many people use smart home devices because ________. A．they are easy to buy B．they make homes more modern C．they make their lives easier to manage D．they are very safe to use 2．Which sentence uses “ spy” the same way as the underlined word? spy /spaɪ/    ① v. 突然看见；暗中监视 ② n. 间谍 A．His task was to spy on an important person. B．I hope one day there will be no spy in our country. C．He was walking down the street when he spied an old friend. D．In the distance we spied the Pacific Ocean for the first time. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The dangers of using smart home devices. B．How hackers break into your computers. C．Why smart home devices are expensive. D．How to keep your smart devices safe. 4．What is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 二、完形填空 Some people sniff (用鼻子吸气) their socks to see if they might wear them another day. It might seem like a 1 habit. But what if a dangerous fungus (真菌) has developed in your socks? A man from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, was 2 to a local hospital. He had a 3 in his chest and frequently (频繁地) coughed. An X-ray 4 that he was suffering from a serious lung infection (肺部感染). Much to everyone’s 5 , the following tests showed that the infection was caused by a fungus. The fungus is usually found in shoes or boots. Doctors found that the man had been used to 6 his dirty socks when he got home from work every day. They believed when the man took a deep breath to sniff his smelly socks, he breathed in the fungus as well. Then it caused an infection. According to the doctors, this kind of infection does not happen very often. In this case, it might also have been linked to the man’s 7 health system. He had been under heavy 8 for a long time. He went to work every day and had to 9 several times a night to take care of his baby. All of these things were affecting his health system. 10 , the man was treated (治疗) immediately at the hospital. He is expected to make a full recovery. We can only hope that the experience will help him reconsider his strange habit. 1．A．good B．harmless C．painful D．dangerous 2．A．carried B．put C．sent D．took 3．A．gain B．pain C．headache D．fever 4．A．said B．showed C．appeared D．proved 5．A．sadness B．surprise C．happiness D．anger 6．A．dropping B．wearing C．smelling D．washing 7．A．low B．powerful C．weak D．strong 8．A．stress B．fairness C．condition D．exercise 9．A．stay up B．wake up C．grow up D．put up 0．A．Luckily B．Sadly C．Finally D．Quickly 三、语篇填空 A Have you ever looked at a simple drawing and felt something deep inside? That’s the magic created by Feng Zikai, the father of Chinese cartoons. His works are full of 1 (kind) and care. Feng 2 (be) born in 1898 in Zhejiang Province. He grew up in a wealthy family, but he didn’t enjoy the 3 (tradition) studies. Instead, he loved art from an early age. Feng was known as the “Little Artist” in 4 (he) town. His teacher, Li Shutong, encouraged him 5 (follow) his love. Li taught Feng to draw from real life, not just to trace (临摹) pictures. After graduation, Feng worked as an art teacher in Shanghai. He wanted more training, so he went to Tokyo to study Japanese and European art in 1921. Inspired by the Japanese artist Takehisa Yumeji, he 6 (return) home with fresh ideas for his ink paintings. Back in China, he joined a group of writers and 7 (artist). His drawings soon appeared in popular magazines, 8 (make) art accessible (易于接近的) to everyone. These works became known as manhua, a type of Chinese cartoon. Feng had a kind heart. He loved all living things, 9 (especial) children. He believed that “the 10 (valuable) thing in the world is a person”. Through his art and caring ideas, Feng Zikai continues to inspire people today. B Grain Rain, the sixth solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar, 1 (arrive) around April 19 to April 21. It is 2 important time for sowing seeds, especially grains, as plenty of rainfall gives good conditions for their growth. In Fujian, farmers are busy 3 (plant) rice seedlings in the field. The sound of water pumps (水泵) fills the air, bringing life to the countryside. During Grain Rain, the tea plants in Fujian also grow 4 (quick). The tea picked at this time, called “Grain Rain tea,” is loved for 5 (it) fresh taste and healthy elements. Tea-lovers look forward to tasting this new tea. People believe that drinking Grain Rain tea can help keep the body strong. Moreover, the weather in Fujian during Grain Rain is usually much 6 (warm) and wetter. There are 7 (color) flowers everywhere. Many people also go outdoors to enjoy the beauty of nature. Some families have picnics by the riverside, while others visit famous 8 (place) in Fujian, such as Gulangyu Island in Xiamen. Grain Rain not only marks a key period for farming 9 brings joy and fun activities to people’s lives. It is a time to enjoy the life of spring and look forward to a big harvest 10 the near future. 阅读理解 A book club is a small group of persons that are reading the same book in order to share different feelings and opinions about the book. You can discover new worlds, learn new ideas and make new friends! The book club meets once a month for an hour of lively discussion. All students(3+), teachers and parents are welcomed! What you can and should do: * You will read the book on your own and then discuss your reading in your book club. * You must keep up with your reading so that you can join as a part of your group. * Your book club will decide what pages or chapters you will read. * Each member will keep a journal (日志) to take down notes and thoughts as you read. * Everyone in your group is expected to take part in the book club and join in the conversation. More tips: * Keep our place clean. * No pets and no smoking. * Take good care of books and return them on time. * You must ask for leave if you cannot attend the club. Fees: Kids from 3-7: Free    8-18: 10 dollars a month    Adults: 15 dollars a month If you are interested, call 48725666 or 48726655, send an email to hopebook@yahoo.com, or visit our website www.hopebooksclub.com. 1．What’s the purpose of the Hope Book Club? A．To introduce new books to people. B．To help people make new friends. C．To offer people a chance to share ideas about books. D．To sell new books to people. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about what you should or shouldn’t do in the book club? A．You can choose to read what you like. B．You must take down notes and thoughts while reading. C．You can’t discuss what you read in your group. D．You can eat what you like here while reading. 3．跨学科[数学] How much should a couple and their 12-year-old son pay for three months? A．40 dollars. B．90 dollars. C．120 dollars. D．150 dollars. 4．If you want to learn more about the club, you can get information in many ways except ________. A．sending a WeChat message B．visiting the website C．making a phone call D．sending an email 5．Where is the text most probably from? A．A textbook. B．An advertisement. C．A guidebook. D．A sports magazine. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态 一、核心结构（主动→被动的转换公式） 时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + 过去分词 They grow tea. → Tea is grown by them. 一般过去时 did was/were + 过去分词 He wrote the book. → The book was written by him. 一般将来时 will do will be + 过去分词 We will hold a party. → A party will be held by us. · 核心提炼 不难看出，被动语态的基本公式结构是be + 动词的过去分词（done） 其中be 动词 表示时间，配合主语，代表时态（现在/过去/将来）、人称和数（am/is/are, was/were） 而过去分词done则表示被动以及动作已完成，表明了动作的承受者身份和动作的完成状态。 · 逻辑思维图 主语（承受者） + be（时间+匹配） + done（被动+完成） + (by 动作执行者) 例如：The homework was finished by Tom. ↑ ↑ ↑ 承受者 过去时间 被动 +单数 · 记忆口诀 时态看be动词（am/is/are, was/were, will be），后面跟上过去分词，主语变宾语前加by。 二、方法：三步转换法（学会推理） 1) 找宾语：主动句中找宾语 → 变为被动句的主语 2) 定be动词：根据原句时态和被动主语的单复数确定be的形式 3) 改动词：主动谓语动词 → be + 过去分词，原主语变by短语（可省略） [举例练习] 1) 主动：My mother cleans the room every day.（一般现在） → 被动：_______________________________________________________ 2) 主动：They built the bridge in 2000.（一般过去） → 被动：_______________________________________________________ 3) 主动：The company will launch a new product.（一般将来） → 被动：_______________________________________________________ 【答案】 1) The room is cleaned (by my mother) every day. 2) The bridge was built (by them) in 2000. 3) A new product will be launched (by the company). 一、单项选择 1．—Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.     —That’s nice. A．will keep B．will be kept C．has kept D．is kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的包裹将会被保存在这里直到你回来，所以在这里尽情购物吧。——太好了。 until引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句应用一般将来时；且主语“Your package”与动词“keep”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，应填will be kept。 2．（25-26八年级下·天津滨海新区·期中）A lot of useful information about the company ________ in the interview yesterday. A．is provided B．was provided C．provides D．provide 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天在面试中被提供了许多关于该公司的有用信息。 根据时间状语“yesterday”可知句子时态为一般过去时；主语“information”与动词“provide”之间是被动关系，且information为不可数名词，be动词用was。 3．The charity show ________ next Sunday to collect money for poor children. A．hold B．held C．will hold D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：慈善演出将于下周日被举办，为贫困儿童筹款。 根据时间状语next Sunday可知，句子时态为一般将来时；主语The charity show与动词hold之间是被动关系，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be + 过去分词。 4．Many patients ________ by the volunteer doctors on the flying hospital every year. They feel so lucky. A．cure B．cured C．are cured D．were cured 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年许多病人都在飞行医院被志愿者医生治愈。他们感到很幸运。 cure治愈（原形）；cured治愈（动词过去式）；are cured治愈（一般现在时被动语态）； were cured治愈（一般过去时被动语态）。提到“by the volunteer doctors”，主语Many patients与动词cure之间是被动关系，需用be done结构，排除A、B；根据时间状语“every year”，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，排除D。应填are cured。 5．The big paper box can ________ a rubbish bin for us to put waste in. A．be used to B．be use as C．be used as D．used to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个大纸盒可以被当作垃圾桶供我们扔废物。 be used to后接动词原形，意为“被用来做某事”；be used as被当作……使用；used to后接动词原形，意为“过去常常做某事”。情态动词can后应接动词原形，空后a rubbish bin为名词短语，此处表示大纸盒被当作垃圾桶来使用，使用be used as，can be done为含情态动词can的被动语态结构。 二、单句语法填空 1．This word is wrongly ________ (spell). You’ve left out a letter. 【答案】spelled/spelt 【详解】句意：这个单词拼写错了。你漏掉了一个字母。空格处在句中与前文的系动词is共同作谓语。根据主语This word与动词spell之间的被动关系可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态“is + 过去分词”。spell的过去分词形式为spelt或spelled。 2．—What ________ (play) during the lunch break in the cafeteria next Monday? —A song about loving the Earth. 【答案】is going to be played/will be played 【详解】句意：——下周一午休时段食堂将会上演什么节目？——一首关于爱护地球的歌。next Monday表明句子时态为一般将来时，节目是被演出，用被动语态。 一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词/be going to be + 过去分词，主语what视作单数，be动词用is，play的过去分词为played。故填is going to be played/will be played。 3．What do you think ________ (discuss) about environmental protection at tomorrow’s meeting? 【答案】will be discussed 【详解】句意：你认为明天的会议上将讨论什么关于环保的内容。句中主语what和动词discuss是被动关系；tomorrow’s meeting为将来时间，用一般将来时被动语态：will be+过去分词，discuss过去分词为 discussed。故填will be discussed。 4．________ the children ________ (take) to the zoo this Sunday? 【答案】 Will be taken 【详解】句意：这个星期天孩子们会被带去动物园吗？句中时间状语this Sunday表示将来的时间，且主语the children和动词take之间是被动关系，要用一般将来时的被动结构“will+be+过去分词”来表达，因此第一空填Will构成将来时的疑问语序，第二空填be taken构成被动结构。 5．The villagers ________ (save) by firemen after the sudden flood. 【答案】were saved 【详解】句意：突如其来的洪水过后，村民们被消防队员救了出来。本题主语“The villagers”与动词save“挽救”之间是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是“was/were done”；主语The villagers是复数，因此be动词用were，save过去分词为saved。 6．As we all know, paper _________ (invent) in ancient China. 【答案】 was invented 【详解】句意：众所周知，纸是在古代中国被发明的。invent“发明”，动词；paper和invent之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；由“in ancient China”可知时态为一般过去时，paper是不可数名词，be动词用was，被动结构为was+过去分词。 7．Do you think teenagers should ________ (encourage) to make their own decisions? 【答案】be encouraged 【详解】句意：你认为应该鼓励青少年自己做决定吗？主语“teenagers”和动词“encourage”是被动关系。表示“青少年被鼓励”，要用被动语态。情态动词should后接动词原形，被动结构为：should+be+过去分词。encourage的过去分词是encouraged，应填be encouraged。 8．Nobody ________ (allow) to swim in rivers during flood warnings. 【答案】is allowed 【详解】句意：洪水预警期间，任何人不得在河里游泳。“Nobody”与“allow”之间是被动关系；描述一般规定，用一般现在时的被动语态；Nobody为复合不定代词，作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，所以使用is，allow的过去分词是allowed。 三、完成句子 1．（25-26八年级下·贵州黔东南·期中）动画片深受全世界孩子和成人的喜爱。 Animated films ________________________ by children and adults all over the world. 【答案】 are loved 【详解】原句中“深受……喜爱”是关键结构，对应的被动语态表达为be loved by...；主语Animated films是复数，句子描述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are，故填are；loved。 2．当地政府不允许人们砍伐树木。 People ________________________________ trees by the local government. 【答案】aren’t allowed to cut down/are not allowed to cut down 【详解】原句中“不允许砍伐”是关键词。原句为主动语态“当地政府不允许人们砍伐树木”，主语变为“People”，则句子变为被动语态，描述一般事实，应该是一般现在时的被动语态。“允许”用动词“allow”，其过去分词为“allowed”，主语“People”是复数，故谓语用“are not allowed”，表示不被允许；表示“砍伐”的动词短语为“cut down”，“be allowed to do”是固定短语，表示“被允许做”，所以用不定式“to cut down”。故填are not allowed to cut down或aren’t allowed to cut down。 3．（25-26八年级下·陕西渭南·期中）为了我们保持健康，我和妹妹被要求每天10点前睡觉。 To keep us healthy, my younger sister and I ________________ to go to sleep before 10:00 pm every day. 【答案】are asked 【详解】原句中“被要求”是关键词，“要求”用ask表达，和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，其结构是“be+动词的过去分词”，根据“every day”可知，句子是一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are，ask的过去分词是asked。 4．在一些城市，人们的健康受到空气污染的影响。 In some cities, people’s health ________________________ by air pollution. 【答案】 is affected 【详解】原句中“受到…… 影响”是关键词，表示“影响”的英文单词是affect，本句为被动语态，主语people’s health是不可数名词，句子用一般现在时，被动语态结构为“is+过去分词”，故填is；affected。 5．多亏了“微笑行动”，每年都有很多孩子得到帮助，获得新的生活。 Thanks to Operation Smile, every year, lots of children ___________________ and ________________________________________. 【答案】 are helped given a new life 【详解】前两空：原句中“得到帮助”是关键词，主语children与help之间为被动关系，本句描述事实，使用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语children是复数，be动词用are，help的过去分词为helped。后四空：原句中“获得新的生活”是关键词，表示“给予新生活”的动词短语是give a new life，主语children与give之间为被动关系，也使用一般现在时的被动语态，且与helped并列，共用are，此处直接用过去分词given，a new life作宾语。 一、阅读理解 A Chen Shayin, the head teacher of Xiamen Special Education School, never imagined that children with hearing problems and autism (孤独症) could perform so well together on stage. To her amazement, her students surprised everyone with a perfect concert. The idea of having the band started in 2017. A local band came to the school to play music. The children saw the shiny instruments, and their eyes shone with excitement. Seeing this, Miss Chen asked them if they wanted to try playing. The children said yes using sign language. Chen knew she had to help them. With help from some teachers, the Star Dream band was born. Learning to play was very difficult for the children. For students who could not hear well, even making a sound was a big challenge. The teachers found creative ways to teach. They used things like pieces of paper, balloons, and bottles to help the children learn how to play. Slowly, the children began to improve and enjoy making music together. After six years of hard work, the band was ready for a big surprise. In 2023, they held their first full concert for the public. The performance was a great success. The band is bigger now, and the children are invited to perform in many places. Through music, these children learned to express themselves and connect with others. Their beautiful performance shows that every child can feel the joy of life. 1．How did Chen Shayin feel about the students’ performance? A．Quite angry. B．Not surprised. C．Happy and excited. 2．Why was the Star Dream band born? A．To develop the children’s interest in instruments. B．To follow the advice of a famous musician. C．To offer the children more activities. 3．How did teachers deal with learning difficulties? A．By making students practise long hours daily. B．By using everyday objects creatively. C．By asking famous music teachers for help. 4．What is the right order of these events? ① Children saw shiny instruments.    ② The band held their first concert. ③ A music group visited the school.    ④ The teachers used tools to help. A．③ → ① → ④ → ② B．③ →④ → ① → ② C．① → ④ → ③ → ② 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了厦门特殊教育学校的陈沙音老师带领有听力问题和孤独症的孩子们组建“星梦乐队”，经过六年努力成功举办音乐会，孩子们通过音乐学会表达自我、连接他人的故事。 【详解】1．第一段指出感受：“To her amazement, her students surprised everyone with a perfect concert”，“amazement”结合语境可体现陈沙音老师的开心与激动，因此她对学生的表演感到高兴且兴奋。 2．第二段说明原因：“The children saw the shiny instruments, and their eyes shone with excitement. Seeing this, Miss Chen asked them if they wanted to try playing...the Star Dream band was born”，可见乐队成立是为了满足孩子们对乐器的兴趣，即培养孩子们对乐器的兴趣。 3．第三段说明方法：“The teachers found creative ways to teach. They used things like pieces of paper, balloons, and bottles to help the children learn how to play”，纸、气球、瓶子均为日常物品，因此老师们通过创造性地使用日常物品来解决学习困难。 4．结合全文段落梳理顺序：第二段提到“③ A music group visited the school”（当地乐队来学校演出），接着“① Children saw shiny instruments”（孩子们看到闪亮的乐器）；第三段讲述“④ The teachers used tools to help”（老师们用工具辅助教学）；第四段说明“② The band held their first concert”（乐队举办首场音乐会），因此正确顺序为③ → ① → ④ → ②。 B Nowadays, smart home devices (设备) have become a popular choice for more and more people. They allow people to manage their homes from anywhere, making life more convenient and enjoyable. However, they also come with safety risks that you may not notice. Some smart home devices are often rushed to the market, without enough safety testing. As a result, some baby monitors (监视器) and cameras have been hacked (非法入侵), so hackers (黑客) could spy on others and even control their devices. Many experts believe that with smart home devices, you shouldn’t ask “if” they will be hacked, but “when”, because many of these devices are easy to hack and don’t have strong protection. If hackers break into your devices, they could get your Wi-Fi password (密码) or other saved personal information. Criminals (犯罪分子) might monitor your device activity to find out when you get up, when you’re not at home, when you come back from work and so on. What’s more, many people control their smart devices through smartphones, which means some important personal information could be at risk. Although the risks of smart home devices might sound scary, there are several ways to stay safe. One of the easiest ways is to keep devices updated (更新). Companies often put out new versions (版本) to replace the old ones, so be sure to update your systems regularly. Another important way is to protect your network. Use a strong Wi-Fi password, turn on network encryption (加密), and consider setting up a guest network for your smart devices. This will help stop strangers from visiting your network and devices. 1．Many people use smart home devices because ________. A．they are easy to buy B．they make homes more modern C．they make their lives easier to manage D．they are very safe to use 2．Which sentence uses “ spy” the same way as the underlined word? spy /spaɪ/    ① v. 突然看见；暗中监视 ② n. 间谍 A．His task was to spy on an important person. B．I hope one day there will be no spy in our country. C．He was walking down the street when he spied an old friend. D．In the distance we spied the Pacific Ocean for the first time. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The dangers of using smart home devices. B．How hackers break into your computers. C．Why smart home devices are expensive. D．How to keep your smart devices safe. 4．What is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了智能家居设备带来的便利及其安全隐患，并提出了定期更新设备和保护网络安全等安全建议。 【详解】1．第一段“They allow people to manage their homes from anywhere, making life more convenient and enjoyable.”说明人们使用智能设备是因为它们让生活更方便、更易管理。 2．文中“spy”是动词，意为“暗中监视”。A项“spy on an important person”为相同用法，B项“spy”为名词，意为“间谍”，C项“spied”意为“突然看见”，D项“spied”意为“看见/发现”。 3．第三段指出黑客可获取Wi-Fi密码、监控起居规律、获取手机中的个人信息，这些都是使用智能设备带来的危险。 4．本文第一段引出智能设备，表明其便利但有风险；第二、三段具体说明风险；第四、五段给出安全建议。B项符合该结构。 二、完形填空 Some people sniff (用鼻子吸气) their socks to see if they might wear them another day. It might seem like a 1 habit. But what if a dangerous fungus (真菌) has developed in your socks? A man from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, was 2 to a local hospital. He had a 3 in his chest and frequently (频繁地) coughed. An X-ray 4 that he was suffering from a serious lung infection (肺部感染). Much to everyone’s 5 , the following tests showed that the infection was caused by a fungus. The fungus is usually found in shoes or boots. Doctors found that the man had been used to 6 his dirty socks when he got home from work every day. They believed when the man took a deep breath to sniff his smelly socks, he breathed in the fungus as well. Then it caused an infection. According to the doctors, this kind of infection does not happen very often. In this case, it might also have been linked to the man’s 7 health system. He had been under heavy 8 for a long time. He went to work every day and had to 9 several times a night to take care of his baby. All of these things were affecting his health system. 10 , the man was treated (治疗) immediately at the hospital. He is expected to make a full recovery. We can only hope that the experience will help him reconsider his strange habit. 1．A．good B．harmless C．painful D．dangerous 2．A．carried B．put C．sent D．took 3．A．gain B．pain C．headache D．fever 4．A．said B．showed C．appeared D．proved 5．A．sadness B．surprise C．happiness D．anger 6．A．dropping B．wearing C．smelling D．washing 7．A．low B．powerful C．weak D．strong 8．A．stress B．fairness C．condition D．exercise 9．A．stay up B．wake up C．grow up D．put up 0．A．Luckily B．Sadly C．Finally D．Quickly 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述福建漳州一名男子因日常习惯闻脏袜子，吸入真菌患上严重肺部感染，加上长期压力大、夜间照顾孩子体质偏弱，最后入院救治、有望痊愈的故事。 【详解】1．句意：这看似是一个无伤大雅的习惯。 根据后文“But what if a dangerous fungus has developed on your socks”转折引出患病风险，harmless“无害的”符合；good“好的”，painful“疼痛的”，dangerous“危险的”，均和日常不起眼的习惯语境不符。 2．句意：一名福建漳州男子被送往当地医院。 根据后文身患重病就医的语境，sent“送往”符合就医；carried“搬运”，put“放置”，took“拿；带”，均不符合入院就医的语境。 3．句意：他胸口疼痛，频繁咳嗽。 根据身患肺部感染，have a pain in his chest表示“胸口疼”；gain“收获”，headache“头疼”，fever“发烧”，不能与in his chest搭配。 4．句意：X光片显示他得了严重的肺部感染。 根据拍片检查得出病情结果，showed“显示”符合；said“说”，appeared“出现”，proved“证明”，均不符合医学拍片检查的语境。 5．句意：令所有人吃惊的是，后续检查表明感染由真菌造成。 根据病菌源头是袜子这件事出人意料，to one’s surprise表示“令某人吃惊的是”；sadness“伤心”，happiness“开心”，anger“气愤”，无法构成该固定搭配。 6． 句意：医生发现这名男子习惯于每天下班回家闻脏袜子。 根据be used to doing“习惯于做某事”，结合原文嗜好，smelling“闻”符合；dropping“掉落”，wearing“穿戴”，washing“清洗”，和原文怪异习惯不符。 7．句意：这种感染或许也和男子偏弱的身体机能有关。 根据长期劳累伤身，weak“虚弱的”符合语境；low“低矮的”，powerful“有力的”，strong“强壮的”，和身体不佳的文意相悖。 8．句意：他长期处在巨大压力之下。 根据熬夜照料孩子、日日上班，under heavy stress“承受巨大压力”符合；fairness“公平’”，condition“条件”，exercise“锻炼”，不符合身心疲惫的语境。 9．句意：他每天上班，夜里需要多次起床照顾孩子。 根据夜间照料婴儿，wake up“醒来”符合；set up“搭建”，grow up“长大”，give up“放弃”，和半夜起身照看孩子不匹配。 10．句意：最后，男子立刻在医院接受了治疗。 根据前文铺垫病因与身体状况，文末交代就医结果，Finally“最后”承接全文收尾；Luckily“幸运地”，Sadly“难过地”，Quickly“快速地”，不符合行文收尾逻辑。 三、语篇填空 A Have you ever looked at a simple drawing and felt something deep inside? That’s the magic created by Feng Zikai, the father of Chinese cartoons. His works are full of 1 (kind) and care. Feng 2 (be) born in 1898 in Zhejiang Province. He grew up in a wealthy family, but he didn’t enjoy the 3 (tradition) studies. Instead, he loved art from an early age. Feng was known as the “Little Artist” in 4 (he) town. His teacher, Li Shutong, encouraged him 5 (follow) his love. Li taught Feng to draw from real life, not just to trace (临摹) pictures. After graduation, Feng worked as an art teacher in Shanghai. He wanted more training, so he went to Tokyo to study Japanese and European art in 1921. Inspired by the Japanese artist Takehisa Yumeji, he 6 (return) home with fresh ideas for his ink paintings. Back in China, he joined a group of writers and 7 (artist). His drawings soon appeared in popular magazines, 8 (make) art accessible (易于接近的) to everyone. These works became known as manhua, a type of Chinese cartoon. Feng had a kind heart. He loved all living things, 9 (especial) children. He believed that “the 10 (valuable) thing in the world is a person”. Through his art and caring ideas, Feng Zikai continues to inspire people today. 【答案】 1．kindness 2．was 3．traditional 4．his 5．to follow 6．returned 7．artists 8．making 9．especially 10．most valuable 【导语】本文介绍中国漫画之父丰子恺的生平经历、艺术创作及其充满仁慈与关怀的艺术理念。 【详解】1．句意：他的作品充满了善意与关怀。of是介词，后接名词，kind的名词形式kindness意为“善意”，不可数。 2．句意：丰子恺1898年出生于浙江。根据in 1898可知是过去的时间，用一般过去时，主语Feng是单数，所以用was。 3．句意：他成长于一个富裕家庭，但并不喜欢传统的学业。修饰空后名词studies用形容词，tradition的形容词形式是traditional意为“传统的”。 4．句意：在他所在的镇上，丰子恺被称为“小艺术家”。修饰空后名词town用形容词性物主代词his。 5．句意：他的老师李叔同鼓励他追随自己的热爱。短语encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，所以用to follow。 6．句意：受日本艺术家竹久梦二的启发，他带着全新的水墨画创作理念回到了祖国。本文整体时态是一般过去时，这里表示他回国，用过去式returned。 7．句意：回到中国后，他加入了一群作家和艺术家的行列。and连接并列成分，writers是复数，所以artist也用复数artists。 8．句意：他的画作很快出现在流行杂志上，使得艺术对每个人来说都触手可及。这里用现在分词making作结果状语，表示他的画在杂志上出现，结果是让艺术易于被每个人接触到。 9．句意：他热爱所有生命，尤其喜爱孩子。修饰整个句子，用副词especially意为“尤其”，强调他特别爱孩子。 10．句意：他坚信“世界上最珍贵的是人”。根据“in the world”可知是在世界范围内比较，用最高级，valuable是多音节词，最高级是most valuable。 B Grain Rain, the sixth solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar, 1 (arrive) around April 19 to April 21. It is 2 important time for sowing seeds, especially grains, as plenty of rainfall gives good conditions for their growth. In Fujian, farmers are busy 3 (plant) rice seedlings in the field. The sound of water pumps (水泵) fills the air, bringing life to the countryside. During Grain Rain, the tea plants in Fujian also grow 4 (quick). The tea picked at this time, called “Grain Rain tea,” is loved for 5 (it) fresh taste and healthy elements. Tea-lovers look forward to tasting this new tea. People believe that drinking Grain Rain tea can help keep the body strong. Moreover, the weather in Fujian during Grain Rain is usually much 6 (warm) and wetter. There are 7 (color) flowers everywhere. Many people also go outdoors to enjoy the beauty of nature. Some families have picnics by the riverside, while others visit famous 8 (place) in Fujian, such as Gulangyu Island in Xiamen. Grain Rain not only marks a key period for farming 9 brings joy and fun activities to people’s lives. It is a time to enjoy the life of spring and look forward to a big harvest 10 the near future. 【答案】 1．arrives 2．an 3．planting 4．quickly 5．its 6．warmer 7．colorful 8．places 9．but 10．in 【导语】本文介绍了中国农历二十四节气之一的“谷雨”，包括其时间、农事活动、福建的采茶习俗以及人们在这一时节的户外活动。 【详解】1．句意：谷雨，中国农历第六个节气，大约在4月19日至4月21日到来。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“Grain Rain”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用arrives。 2．句意：这是播种的一个重要时节。“important”以元音音素开头，且此处泛指“一个重要时节”，应用不定冠词an。 3．句意：在福建，农民们正忙着在田里插秧。“be busy doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，应用planting。 4．句意：福建的茶树在谷雨期间也生长得很快。此处修饰动词“grow”，应用副词quickly。 5．句意：此时采摘的茶被称为“谷雨茶”，因其新鲜的口感和健康成分而受人喜爱。此处修饰名词短语“fresh taste”，应用形容词性物主代词its。 6．句意：此外，福建谷雨期间的天气通常更温暖、更湿润。由“and wetter”可知，此处与wetter并列，应用比较级warmer。 7．句意：到处都是五颜六色的花。此处修饰名词“flowers”，应用形容词colorful。 8．句意：一些家庭在河边野餐，而另一些人则去参观福建的著名景点。“place”为可数名词，此处表示多个景点，应用复数形式places。 9．句意：谷雨不仅标志着农事的关键时期，还给人们的生活带来了欢乐和有趣的活动。“not only...but (also)...”为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，此处应用but。 10．句意：这是一个享受春天、期待在不久的将来迎来大丰收的时节。“in the near future”为固定短语，意为“在不久的将来”，应用介词in。 阅读理解 A book club is a small group of persons that are reading the same book in order to share different feelings and opinions about the book. You can discover new worlds, learn new ideas and make new friends! The book club meets once a month for an hour of lively discussion. All students(3+), teachers and parents are welcomed! What you can and should do: * You will read the book on your own and then discuss your reading in your book club. * You must keep up with your reading so that you can join as a part of your group. * Your book club will decide what pages or chapters you will read. * Each member will keep a journal (日志) to take down notes and thoughts as you read. * Everyone in your group is expected to take part in the book club and join in the conversation. More tips: * Keep our place clean. * No pets and no smoking. * Take good care of books and return them on time. * You must ask for leave if you cannot attend the club. Fees: Kids from 3-7: Free    8-18: 10 dollars a month    Adults: 15 dollars a month If you are interested, call 48725666 or 48726655, send an email to hopebook@yahoo.com, or visit our website www.hopebooksclub.com. 1．What’s the purpose of the Hope Book Club? A．To introduce new books to people. B．To help people make new friends. C．To offer people a chance to share ideas about books. D．To sell new books to people. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about what you should or shouldn’t do in the book club? A．You can choose to read what you like. B．You must take down notes and thoughts while reading. C．You can’t discuss what you read in your group. D．You can eat what you like here while reading. 3．跨学科[数学] How much should a couple and their 12-year-old son pay for three months? A．40 dollars. B．90 dollars. C．120 dollars. D．150 dollars. 4．If you want to learn more about the club, you can get information in many ways except ________. A．sending a WeChat message B．visiting the website C．making a phone call D．sending an email 5．Where is the text most probably from? A．A textbook. B．An advertisement. C．A guidebook. D．A sports magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，短文介绍了希望读书俱乐部的广告信息，包括活动安排、温馨提示、收费和联系方式等。 1．推理判断题。根据“A book club is a small group of persons that are reading the same book in order to share different feelings and opinions about the book.”可知，读书俱乐部是由一小群人组成的，他们阅读同一本书，以分享对该书的不同感受和观点，可以推断其目的是为人们提供分享书籍想法的机会。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“ Each member will keep a journal (日志) to take down notes and thoughts as you read.”你们每个人都要写一本日记，在读书时记下笔记和想法。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“8—18: 10 dollars a month”八到十八岁每月10美元，“Adults: 15 dollars a month”成人每月15美元可知，一对夫妇和12岁的儿子三个月应是(15+15+10)×3=120。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“call 48725666 or 48726655, send an email to hopebook @ yahoo. com or visit our website www. hopebooksclub. com.”可知，可以打电话，发电子邮件或登录网站。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据短文介绍了希望读书俱乐部的广告信息，包括活动安排、温馨提示、收费和联系方式等可知，文章最有可能来自于广告。故选B。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $