内容正文:
专题02 动词时态
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
一般现在时
1. 表示客观真理、自然规律;
2. 表示经常性、习惯性动作;
3. 表示主语的特征、状态、能力;
4. 主谓一致问题(高频考点);
5. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中的“主将从现”
1. 越来越注重语境理解,单纯的时间标志词识别题减少;
2.“主将从现”是近三年高频热点,几乎每年必考;
3. 与其他时态进行对比辨析;
4. 在语篇中考查时态的一致性。
一般过去时
1. 表示过去某个时间一次性发生的动作;2. 表示过去习惯性、经常性动作;
2. 动词不规则过去式变形(高频易错);4. 过去具体时间场景的时态判定;
5. 与过去完成时、现在完成时区分
1. 减少直白的yesterday、last year等标志词,依托语境暗示过去时间;
2. 侧重与现在完成时、过去完成时混搭辨析。
一般将来时
1. will do 表临时决定、主观意愿、单纯将来;
2. be going to do 表计划打算、有迹象的将来;
3. 一般现在时表时刻表将来
4. 与“主将从现”规则结合考查。
1. 重点辨析will与be going to的语义差异;
2. 结合生活场景考查计划类、预判类将来动作;
3. 常与一般现在时混搭考查主将从现;
现在进行时
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作;
2. 表示现阶段正在进行、此刻不一定正在做的动作;
3. 位移动词进行时表将来(go/come等)
4. 与always连用表赞扬、抱怨等感情色彩;
5. 现在分词的规则与不规则变形。
1. 重点考查“现阶段动作”而非仅限“此刻动作”,打破固化认知;
2. 常与一般现在时对比,区分临时动作与习惯性动作;
过去进行时
1. 表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作;
2. 表示过去某一阶段持续进行的动作;
3. 过去进行时+when/while的时间状语从句句型;4. 区分过去持续动作与过去一次性动作。
1. 弱化时间标志词,依托问答、故事语境判定;3. 常与一般过去时对比辨析,是单选高频难点;
3. 多应用于记叙文语篇,考查时态逻辑合理性。
现在完成时
1. 动作从过去开始,延续至现在并可能继续延续;2. 过去动作对现在造成影响、产生结果(核心用法);
3.标志性词:so far、recently、in the past few years等;
4.have/has been to、have/has gone to、have/has been in辨析;
5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词转换
1. 中考时态最难、考查频次最高的时态;
2. 极致弱化标志词,侧重“过去影响现在”的深层逻辑;
3. 延续性动词转换为必考易错点;
4. 多与一般过去时深度辨析,区分是否关联现在;
5. 语法填空、书面表达重点考查。
考情解码:1. 为什么要学(中考定位)
时态是初中英语语法的核心基石与必考重难点,贯穿单选、完形、语法填空、短文填空、书面表达所有题型。中考已彻底摒弃“看标志词秒选”的简单考法,转向语境逻辑辨析、时态对比、语篇时态一致的深度考查,是拉开英语分数差距的关键模块。时态掌握不扎实,会直接导致语法填空扣分、写作时态混乱、阅读理解逻辑误判。
学习时态重点掌握三大核心:一是时间逻辑(过去、现在、将来、过去的过去的时间界限);二是动作状态(完成、进行、习惯性、暂时性);三是易混辨析(一般过去时vs现在完成时、现在进行时vs一般现在时、will vs be going to)。主攻中考高频热点:主将从现、延续性动词转换、过去完成时动作先后、位移动词进行时表将来。
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时态
谓语构成
时态标志词
典型例句
一般现在时
1. 主语 (第一 / 二人称、第三人称复数)+ V
2. 主语 (第三人称单数)+ Ves
3. 主语 + be 动词 (am/is/are)+ 其他
always、usually、often、等频度副词
every day、
three times a day等
He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.
现在进行时
主语 + be 动词 (am/is/are)+ 动词 - ing 形式
now、
at present, Look!、Listen!、
be quiet! 等
Listen! The girl is singing in the next room.
一般过去时
1. 主语 + (V-ed)+ 其他
2. 主语 + be 动词 (was/were)+ 其他
yesterday、
last Friday、
10 years ago、
just now等
I went to the park with my friends yesterday.
过去进行时
主语 + be 动词 (was/were)+ 动词 - ing 形式
at that time、
this time yesterday evening
when I came in等
She was reading a book when I came in.
一般将来时
1. 主语 + will + 动词原形
2. 主语 + be 动词 (am/is/are)+going to +V
tomorrow、one day、in the future、
next time
in + 一段时间soon、right away、at once等
I will visit my grandparents next Sunday.
现在完成时
主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (done)
already、yet、recently、lately
for + 时间段;
since + 过去时间点、
three/several times、 in the last/past+15 years、
so far等
I have lived in this city for 10 years.
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知识点一 一般现在时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般现在时描述:① 经常性或习惯性动作;② 现在的状态或特征;③ 客观事实和普遍真理;④ 按时间表发生的将来动作(如 The class begins at 8.);⑤ 在时间/条件状语从句中表示将来(如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the park.)
一、一般现在时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
(1) 主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+动词原形
I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车去上学。
(2) 主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式
He eats eggs for breakfast. 他早饭吃鸡蛋。
2. 否定句式:
(1) 主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+助动词don't+动词原形
I don't go to school by bike. 我不骑自行车去上学。
(2) 主语(第三人称单数)+doesn't+动词原形
He doesn't eat eggs for breakfast. 他早饭不吃鸡蛋。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
(1) 助动词Do+主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+动词原形
Do you go to school by bike? 你骑自行车上学吗?
(2) 助动词Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形
Does he eat eggs for breakfast? 他早饭吃鸡蛋吗?
特殊疑问句:
(1) 特殊疑问词+助动词do/be动词+主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+其它?
Which do you want to choose? 你想要选择哪一个?
(2) 特殊疑问词+助动词does/be动词+主语(第三人称单数)+其它?
What does he do every morning? 他每天早上做什么?
注意:be动词的一般现在式是am/is are,否定句直接在am/is/are 后加not(但am not不能缩写),一般疑问句把am/is/are提到句首。
be动词例句:
肯定句:He is a doctor. 他是一名医生。
否定句:He is not a doctor. 他不是一名医生。
一般疑问句及回答:— Is he a doctor? 他是一名医生吗? — Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
【典例破题】
He usually ______ to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【命题解读】
本题考查一般现在时表习惯性动作。句中出现频度副词 usually 和时间状语 every morning,是一般现在时的标志性词汇,排除过去式C、将来时D;主语 He 是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用三单形式,go 的三单形式为 goes,因此选B。
【易错警示】
对于一般现在时,一定要主语主语是否为第三人称单数形式,要考虑主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词+s变形的问题。
【巩固提升1】
She ______ watching TV.
A. like B. likes C. liked D. liking
【巩固提升2】
We ______ Chinese.
A. speaks B. speak C. spoke D. will speak
【巩固提升3】
The earth ______ around the sun. (地球绕着太阳转)
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
知识点二 一般过去时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般过去时描述:① 过去某个时间一次性发生的动作;② 过去经常性、习惯性的动作;③ 过去某段时间存在的状态或特征;④ 已经结束、与现在无关联的过往事件与经历(如:He didn’t go to scholl yesterday.)
一、一般过去时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
(1) 主语+行为动词过去式+其他
He watched TV last night. 他昨晚看了电视。
(2) 主语+be动词过去式(was/were)+其他
It was rainy yesterday. 昨天下雨了。
2. 否定句式:
(1) 主语+didn't+行为动词原形+其他
He didn't watch TV last night. 他昨晚没看电视。
(2) 主语+was/were not+其他
It wasn’t rainy yesterday. 昨天没有下雨。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
(1) Did+主语+行为动词原形+其他?
Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看电视了吗?
(2) Was/Were+主语+其他?
Was it rainy yesterday? 昨天下雨了吗?
特殊疑问句:
(1) 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么?
(2) 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?
Where were you just now? 你刚才在哪里?
注意:一般过去式分两种结构:行为动词变过去式;be动词用was/were。行为动词变疑问、否定必须借助助动词did,且动词要还原为原形;be动词无需助动词,直接变化即可。
be动词例句:
肯定句:It was rainy yesterday. 昨天下雨了。
否定句:It wasn’t rainy yesterday. 昨天没有下雨。
一般疑问句及回答:— Was it rainy yesterday? 昨天下雨了吗? — Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t.)
实义动词例句:
肯定句:He watched TV last night. 他昨晚看了电视。
否定句:He didn't watch TV last night. 他昨晚没看电视。
一般疑问句及回答:— Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看电视了吗? — Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t.)
【典例破题】
He ______ TV last night.
A. watch B. watches C. watched D. will watch
答案C
【命题解读】
本题考查一般过去时用法。句中有标志性过去时间状语 last night(昨晚),表示过去发生的动作,需用一般过去时。A、B为一般现在时,D为一般将来时,均排除;watch 的过去式为 watched,因此选C。
【易错提示】
一般过去时疑问句、否定句中,借助did后,动词一定要还原为原形,切忌出现 “did + 过去式” 的错误形式(如 Did he watched… 为典型错误)。
【巩固提升1】
It ______ very cold yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【巩固提升2】
I ______ basketball every day when I was a boy.
A. play B. played C. plays D. will play
【巩固提升3】
My mother ______ walk to school in the past.
A. use to B. used to C. uses to D. will use to
知识点三 一般将来时
【课标要求】
能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般将来时描述:① 将来某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态;② 临时决定即将发生的动作;③ 有计划、有准备的将来动作(如 I am going to visit my teacher this weekend.);④ 客观上即将发生、大概率发生的未来事件(如It will be a good day tomorrow.明天会是一个好天气)
一、一般将来时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
(1) 主语+willl+动词原形+其他
I will play basketball with you. 我将会和你一起打篮球。
(2) 主语+be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形+其他
I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买一台电脑。
2. 否定句式:
(1) 主语+will not(won’t) not(shan’t)+动词原形+其他
I won’t play basketball with you. 我不会和你一起打篮球。
(2) 主语+be(am/is/are) not going to+动词原形+其他
I’m not going to buy a computer this year. 我今年不打算买电脑。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
(1) Will+主语+动词原形+其他?
Will you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起打篮球吗?
(2) Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
Are you going to buy a computer this year? 你今年打算买电脑吗?
特殊疑问句:
(1) 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它?
What will you do tomorrow? 你明天将要做什么?
(2) 特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?
Where are you going to travel? 你打算去哪里旅行?
注意:一般将来时两种核心结构:will多表单纯将来、主观意愿、征求意见;be going to 多表计划打算、有迹象的将来。will not 缩写为 won’t。
will例句:
肯定句:We shall go to the zoo. 我们将要去动物园。
否定句:We shan’t go to the zoo. 我们不会去动物园。
一般疑问句及回答:— Shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗? — Yes, we shall. (No, we shan’t.)
be going to例句:
肯定句:I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。
否定句:I’m not going to buy a computer this year. 我今年不打算买电脑。
一般疑问句及回答:— Are you going to buy a computer this year? 你今年打算买电脑吗? — Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.)
【典例破题】
They ______ for Beijing next week.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. are leaving
答案C
【命题解读】
本题考查一般将来时用法。句中时间状语 next week(下周)是一般将来时标志词,排除一般现在时A、一般过去时B。本句为单纯表述将来计划发生的动作,用 will+动词原形结构,故选C。
【易错提示】
有迹象、有计划用 be going to;单纯客观将来、礼貌提问、表意愿只用 will/shall,不可混用。be going to 后不接 go/come,需改用现在进行时。
【巩固提升1】
Look at the black clouds! It ______ rain.
A. will B. is going to C. was going to D. would
【巩固提升2】
I ______ eighteen next week.
A. am going to be B. will be C. was D. am
【巩固提升3】
We’ll start if it ______ tomorrow.
A. doesn’t rain B. won’t rain C. didn’t rain D. isn’t raining
知识点四 现在进行时
【课标要求】
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用现在进行时描述:① 此时此刻正在进行的动作;② 现阶段正在持续进行但此刻不一定在做的动作;③ 现阶段临时的状态或变化;④ 少数位移动词表近期计划、即将发生的动作(如 I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.)
一、现在进行时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
主语+be(am/is/are)+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
I am looking for my key now. 我现在正在找我的钥匙。
2. 否定句式:
主语+be(am/is/are) not+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
They aren’t having an English class. 他们没有在上英语课。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其他?
Are they having an English class? 他们正在上英语课吗?
答句:Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t.)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其它?
What are you doing now? 你现在正在做什么?
注意:现在进行时必须搭配be动词+现在分词;状态动词、心理动词、瞬间动词、感官动词无进行时态,无正在进行的含义。
完整例句:
肯定句:Look. Some children are playing games over there. 看!一些孩子正在那边做游戏。
否定句:Some children aren’t playing games over there. 那边没有孩子在做游戏。
一般疑问句及回答:— Are some children playing games over there? 那边有孩子在做游戏吗? — Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t.)
【典例破题】
Look! Some children ______ games over there.
A. play B. plays C. are playing D. played
答案:C
【命题解读】
本题考查现在进行时标志词用法。句首出现 Look! 是现在进行时典型提示词,表此刻动作正在发生,需用 be+doing 结构,排除一般现在时A、B,一般过去时D,故选C。
【易错警示】see、like、have、know 等状态、心理动词,即使有 now 也不能用于进行时,只能用一般现在时。
【巩固提升1】
She ______ for Beijing tomorrow.
A. leave B. left C. is leaving D. will leave
【巩固提升2】
He always ______ others. He is very kind.
A. help B. helps C. is helping D. helped
【巩固提升3】
I ______ two brothers.
A. am having B. have C. had D. will have
知识点五 过去进行时
【课标要求】
能在口头和书面表达中正确使用过去进行时描述:① 过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作;② 过去某段时间内持续进行的动作;③ 过去正在进行的动作被另一动作突然打断(如 I was reading when the phone rang.);④ 过去同时发生的两个持续性动作
一、过去进行时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
主语+be(was/were)+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
He was waiting for me at that time. 那时他正在等我。
2. 否定句式:
主语+be(was/were) not+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
He was not waiting for me at that time. 那时他没有在等我。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
Was/Were+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其他?
Was he waiting for me at that time? 那时他正在等我吗?
答句:Yes, he was. (No, he wasn’t.)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其它?
What were you doing at ten o’clock last night? 昨晚十点你在做什么?
注意:过去进行时侧重过去动作的持续性、未完成性;一般过去时侧重动作已完成、陈述事实。while 后常接过去进行时,延续性动作;when 可接延续或瞬间动作。
完整例句:
肯定句:They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们正在看电视。
否定句:They weren’t watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们没有看电视。
一般疑问句及回答:— Were they watching TV at ten o’clock last night? 昨晚十点他们正在看电视吗? — Yes, they were. (No, they weren’t.)
【典例破题】
I ______ dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon.
A. cook B. cooked C. was cooking D. am cooking
答案:C
【命题解读】
本题考查过去进行时固定句型。when 引导瞬间过去动作,主句用过去进行时,表过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在持续进行,结合时态故选C。
【易错警示】
过去进行时表动作未完成,一般过去时表动作已完成;做题需区分动作是持续过程还是完整事实。
【巩固提升1】
My mother was cooking while I ______ my homework.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
【巩固提升2】
He ______ his homework in the afternoon.
A. was doing B. did C. is doing D. does
【巩固提升3】
She told me she ______ for Beijing the next week.
A. leaves B. left C. was leaving D. will leave
知识点六 现在完成时
【课标要求】
能在口头和书面表达中正确使用现在完成时描述:① 过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态;② 过去发生、对现在造成影响或结果的动作;③ 从过去持续至今的经历、次数;④ 截止到目前为止完成的动作(如 I have finished my homework.);⑤ 含 since/for 表动作持续的时间跨度
一、现在完成时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
主语+have/has+动词过去分词(done)+其他
He has eaten breakfast. 他已经吃过早饭了。
2. 否定句式:
主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词(done)+其他
He hasn’t eaten breakfast. 他还没有吃早饭。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(done)+其他?
Has he eaten breakfast? 他吃过早饭了吗?
答句:Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词(done)+其它?
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住多久了?
注意:主语三单用has,其余用have;现在完成时不与具体过去时间状语连用;瞬间动词不能与for/since时间段连用,需转换为延续性动词。
完整例句:
肯定句:We have lived here since 1976. 从1976年开始我们就住在这里。
否定句:We haven’t lived here since 1976. 从1976年开始我们就没有住在这里。
一般疑问句及回答:— Have you lived here since 1976? 你们从1976年就住在这里吗? — Yes, we have. (No, we haven’t.)
【典例破题】
I ______ this film already.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
答案:C
【命题解读】:本题考查现在完成时标志词。already(已经)是现在完成时典型标志词,表动作已完成且对现在有影响,排除现在时、过去时、将来时,故选C。
【易错警示】:现在完成时侧重对现在的影响,一般过去时只侧重过去动作;瞬间动词不能接时间段,必须转换对应延续性状态。
【巩固提升1】
The old man ______ for three years.
A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. dies
【巩固提升2】
— Where is Tom? — He ______ to the Great Wall.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
【巩固提升3】
I ______ here since I was a child.
A. lived B. have lived C. live D. will live
1、 单项选择
1.—You look exhausted. What on earth ______ all afternoon?
—I was helping my cousin move into his new flat.
A. did you do B. have you done C. were you doing D. have you been doing
2.By the time the rescue team arrived at the mountain village, the heavy snow ______ several small wooden houses already.
A. destroyed B. had destroyed C. has destroyed D. was destroying
3.The old scientist ______ researching rare wild plants for over forty years and he still devotes most of his spare time to field work now.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked
4.Hurry up! The manager ______ at the office in ten minutes, and we can’t be late for the appointment.
A. arrives B. is arriving C. was arriving D. has arrived
5.I ______ to call you last night, but an unexpected visitor dropped in and took up all my free time.
A. intended B. have intended C. had intended D. was intended
6.Water ______ at 100 degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure, which is basic physics knowledge.
A. boils B. is boiling C. boiled D. will boil
7.No one can tell exactly when the ancient bridge ______, but local records suggest it dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
A. built B. was built C. has been built D. had been built
8.She won’t go on the hiking trip with us this weekend because she ______ her final papers these days.
A. writes B. is writing C. wrote D. will write
9.We ______ three experimental reports so far this month, and the fourth one is due next Monday.
A. finished B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished
10.When I got to the stadium, my favorite players ______ the opening match, so I missed the whole first half.
A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. would finish
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We usually ______ (have) breakfast at seven every morning.
2. My sister often ______ (watch) cartoons in her free time.
3. There ______ (be) a book and two pens on the desk every day.
4. They ______ (visit) their grandparents next weekend.
5. Look! The students ______ (read) books in the classroom.
6. Luckily, a kind stranger ______ (help) the old man cross the road just now.
7. Though I ______ (not see) him for a long time, I still remember his face clearly.
8. When the teacher came in, we ______ (talk) loudly in class.
9. My father ______ (work) in this factory since he left school.
10. He said he ______ (take) part in the sports meeting if he was free.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
If you ask people from different countries “Could you tell me the way ____24____ the post office?”, you will get different answers.
In Japan, people use landmarks (路标) instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Please ____25____ (go) straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is ____26____ (cross) from the bus stop. ”
Sometimes if a person, like a New York, doesn’t know the answer to your question, he or she ____27____ (say), “Sorry, I have no idea.”
But one thing will help you everywhere. You might not understand a ____28____ (person) words, but maybe you can understand his or her body language. He or she will usually point to the correct direction. Go on in that direction and you may find the post office!
B
Recently, virtual self-study room (虚拟自习室) has become a warm and silent place for people who enjoy a good learning atmosphere (氛围).
“At first, I was just looking for a partner ____29____ (prepare) for the exam together. I never expected it to be so popular,” said Yue Yetu, who started an online steam. “It ____30____ (amaze) me that over 150 people were online at the same time. The participants included teenagers and adults, most of whom ____31____ (prepare) for their examinations. ”
“They don’t have to turn on the cameras in the room. However, many of them would prefer to fire up the web camera because it ____32____ (remind) them not to be distracted (分心).” Yue said.
“I received a lot of support from it, and I was deeply ____33____ (move),” a participant Chen Yihan said, “It helps me have a good grade.”
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专题02 动词时态
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
一般现在时
1. 表示客观真理、自然规律;
2. 表示经常性、习惯性动作;
3. 表示主语的特征、状态、能力;
4. 主谓一致问题(高频考点);
5. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中的“主将从现”
1. 越来越注重语境理解,单纯的时间标志词识别题减少;
2.“主将从现”是近三年高频热点,几乎每年必考;
3. 与其他时态进行对比辨析;
4. 在语篇中考查时态的一致性。
一般过去时
1. 表示过去某个时间一次性发生的动作;
2. 表示过去习惯性、经常性动作;
3.动词不规则过去式变形(高频易错);
4. 过去具体时间场景的时态判定;
5. 与过去完成时、现在完成时区分
1. 减少直白的yesterday、last year等标志词,依托语境暗示过去时间;
2. 侧重与现在完成时、过去完成时混搭辨析。
一般将来时
1. will do 表临时决定、主观意愿、单纯将来;
2. be going to do 表计划打算、有迹象的将来;
3. 一般现在时表时刻表将来
4. 与“主将从现”规则结合考查。
1. 重点辨析will与be going to的语义差异;
2. 结合生活场景考查计划类、预判类将来动作;
3. 常与一般现在时混搭考查主将从现;
现在进行时
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作;
2. 表示现阶段正在进行、此刻不一定正在做的动作;
3. 位移动词进行时表将来(go/come等)
4. 与always连用表赞扬、抱怨等感情色彩;
5. 现在分词的规则与不规则变形。
1. 重点考查“现阶段动作”而非仅限“此刻动作”,打破固化认知;
2. 常与一般现在时对比,区分临时动作与习惯性动作;
过去进行时
1. 表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作;
2. 表示过去某一阶段持续进行的动作;
3. 过去进行时+when/while的时间状语从句句型;
4. 区分过去持续动作与过去一次性动作。
1. 弱化时间标志词,依托问答、故事语境判定;
2. 常与一般过去时对比辨析,是单选高频难点;
3. 多应用于记叙文语篇,考查时态逻辑合理性。
现在完成时
1. 动作从过去开始,延续至现在并可能继续延续;
2. 过去动作对现在造成影响、产生结果(核心用法);
3.标志性词:so far、recently、in the past few years等;
4.have/has been to、have/has gone to、have/has been in辨析;
5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词转换
1. 中考时态最难、考查频次最高的时态;
2. 极致弱化标志词,侧重“过去影响现在”的深层逻辑;
3. 延续性动词转换为必考易错点;
4. 多与一般过去时深度辨析,区分是否关联现在;
5. 语法填空、书面表达重点考查。
考情解码:1. 为什么要学(中考定位)
时态是初中英语语法的核心基石与必考重难点,贯穿单选、完形、语法填空、短文填空、书面表达所有题型。中考已彻底摒弃“看标志词秒选”的简单考法,转向语境逻辑辨析、时态对比、语篇时态一致的深度考查,是拉开英语分数差距的关键模块。时态掌握不扎实,会直接导致语法填空扣分、写作时态混乱、阅读理解逻辑误判。
学习时态重点掌握三大核心:一是时间逻辑(过去、现在、将来、过去的过去的时间界限);二是动作状态(完成、进行、习惯性、暂时性);三是易混辨析(一般过去时vs现在完成时、现在进行时vs一般现在时、will vs be going to)。主攻中考高频热点:主将从现、延续性动词转换、过去完成时动作先后、位移动词进行时表将来。
(
脉
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络
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重
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构
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时态
谓语构成
时态标志词
典型例句
一般现在时
1. 主语 (第一 / 二人称、第三人称复数)+ V
2. 主语 (第三人称单数)+ Ves
3. 主语 + be 动词 (am/is/are)+ 其他
always、usually、often、等频度副词
every day、
three times a day等
He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.
现在进行时
主语 + be 动词 (am/is/are)+ 动词 - ing 形式
now、
at present, Look!、Listen!、
be quiet! 等
Listen! The girl is singing in the next room.
一般过去时
1. 主语 + (V-ed)+ 其他
2. 主语 + be 动词 (was/were)+ 其他
yesterday、
last Friday、
10 years ago、
just now等
I went to the park with my friends yesterday.
过去进行时
主语 + be 动词 (was/were)+ 动词 - ing 形式
at that time、
this time yesterday evening
when I came in等
She was reading a book when I came in.
一般将来时
1. 主语 + will + 动词原形
2. 主语 + be 动词 (am/is/are)+going to +V
tomorrow、one day、in the future、
next time
in + 一段时间soon、right away、at once等
I will visit my grandparents next Sunday.
现在完成时
主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (done)
already、yet、recently、lately
for + 时间段;
since + 过去时间点、
three/several times、 in the last/past+15 years、
so far等
I have lived in this city for 10 years.
(
考
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点
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精
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讲
)
知识点一 一般现在时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般现在时描述:① 经常性或习惯性动作;② 现在的状态或特征;③ 客观事实和普遍真理;④ 按时间表发生的将来动作(如 The class begins at 8.);⑤ 在时间/条件状语从句中表示将来(如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the park.)
一、一般现在时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
(1) 主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+动词原形
I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车去上学。
(2) 主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式
He eats eggs for breakfast. 他早饭吃鸡蛋。
2. 否定句式:
(1) 主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+助动词don't+动词原形
I don't go to school by bike. 我不骑自行车去上学。
(2) 主语(第三人称单数)+doesn't+动词原形
He doesn't eat eggs for breakfast. 他早饭不吃鸡蛋。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
(1) 助动词Do+主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+动词原形
Do you go to school by bike? 你骑自行车上学吗?
(2) 助动词Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形
Does he eat eggs for breakfast? 他早饭吃鸡蛋吗?
特殊疑问句:
(1) 特殊疑问词+助动词do/be动词+主语(第一、二人称和第三人称复数)+其它?
Which do you want to choose? 你想要选择哪一个?
(2) 特殊疑问词+助动词does/be动词+主语(第三人称单数)+其它?
What does he do every morning? 他每天早上做什么?
注意:be动词的一般现在式是am/is are,否定句直接在am/is/are 后加not(但am not不能缩写),一般疑问句把am/is/are提到句首。
be动词例句:
肯定句:He is a doctor. 他是一名医生。
否定句:He is not a doctor. 他不是一名医生。
一般疑问句及回答:— Is he a doctor? 他是一名医生吗? — Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
【典例破题】
He usually ______ to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【命题解读】
本题考查一般现在时表习惯性动作。句中出现频度副词 usually 和时间状语 every morning,是一般现在时的标志性词汇,排除过去式C、将来时D;主语 He 是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用三单形式,go 的三单形式为 goes,因此选B。
【易错警示】
对于一般现在时,一定要主语主语是否为第三人称单数形式,要考虑主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词+s变形的问题。
【巩固提升1】
She ______ watching TV.
A. like B. likes C. liked D. liking
答案:B
详细解析:本题考查一般现在时描述人物喜好、长期状态。喜好、爱好属于人长期不变的固有状态,需用一般现在时,可排除过去式C、非谓语形式D。主语 She 为第三人称单数,谓语动词必须使用三单形式,like 的三单为 likes,故选B。本题为基础高频考点,侧重考查三单动词变化规则。
【巩固提升2】
We ______ Chinese.
A. speaks B. speak C. spoke D. will speak
答案:B
详细解析:本题考查一般现在时描述固有能力、客观常态。掌握某种语言是人物的固有能力、长期常态,用一般现在时,排除过去式C、将来时D。主语 We 为第一人称复数,谓语动词用原形,无需变三单,故选B。本题核心区分:只有第三人称单数主语动词才变三单,一二人称、复数主语均用动词原形。
【巩固提升3】
The earth ______ around the sun. (地球绕着太阳转)
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
答案:B
详细解析:本题考查一般现在时表客观真理、自然规律。地球公转是永恒不变的自然客观事实,此类句式固定用一般现在时,排除过去式C、将来时D;② 主语 The earth(地球)是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式 goes,因此选B。
知识点二 一般过去时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般过去时描述:① 过去某个时间一次性发生的动作;② 过去经常性、习惯性的动作;③ 过去某段时间存在的状态或特征;④ 已经结束、与现在无关联的过往事件与经历(如:He didn’t go to scholl yesterday.)
一、一般过去时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
(1) 主语+行为动词过去式+其他
He watched TV last night. 他昨晚看了电视。
(2) 主语+be动词过去式(was/were)+其他
It was rainy yesterday. 昨天下雨了。
2. 否定句式:
(1) 主语+didn't+行为动词原形+其他
He didn't watch TV last night. 他昨晚没看电视。
(2) 主语+was/were not+其他
It wasn’t rainy yesterday. 昨天没有下雨。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
(1) Did+主语+行为动词原形+其他?
Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看电视了吗?
(2) Was/Were+主语+其他?
Was it rainy yesterday? 昨天下雨了吗?
特殊疑问句:
(1) 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么?
(2) 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?
Where were you just now? 你刚才在哪里?
注意:一般过去式分两种结构:行为动词变过去式;be动词用was/were。行为动词变疑问、否定必须借助助动词did,且动词要还原为原形;be动词无需助动词,直接变化即可。
be动词例句:
肯定句:It was rainy yesterday. 昨天下雨了。
否定句:It wasn’t rainy yesterday. 昨天没有下雨。
一般疑问句及回答:— Was it rainy yesterday? 昨天下雨了吗? — Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t.)
实义动词例句:
肯定句:He watched TV last night. 他昨晚看了电视。
否定句:He didn't watch TV last night. 他昨晚没看电视。
一般疑问句及回答:— Did he watch TV last night? 他昨晚看电视了吗? — Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t.)
【典例破题】
He ______ TV last night.
A. watch B. watches C. watched D. will watch
答案C
【命题解读】
本题考查一般过去时用法。句中有标志性过去时间状语 last night(昨晚),表示过去发生的动作,需用一般过去时。A、B为一般现在时,D为一般将来时,均排除;watch 的过去式为 watched,因此选C。
【易错提示】
一般过去时疑问句、否定句中,借助did后,动词一定要还原为原形,切忌出现 “did + 过去式” 的错误形式(如 Did he watched… 为典型错误)。
【巩固提升1】
It ______ very cold yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B
详细解析:本题考查一般过去时be动词用法。时间状语 yesterday 为过去时间,句子用一般过去时,排除A、C;主语 It 为单数,对应的be动词过去式用 was,因此选B。
【巩固提升2】
I ______ basketball every day when I was a boy.
A. play B. played C. plays D. will play
答案B
详细解析:本题考查一般过去时表过去习惯性动作。句中 when I was a boy(当我小时候)为过去时间段,表示过去反复发生的动作,需用一般过去时。A、C为现在时,D为将来时,均排除,故选B。
【巩固提升3】
My mother ______ walk to school in the past.
A. use to B. used to C. uses to D. will use to
答案B
详细解析:本题考查一般过去时固定结构 used to do(过去常常做某事)。used to+动词原形是一般过去时专属结构,用于描述过去习惯性动作、现在已不再发生,为固定搭配,不可变形,故选B。
知识点三 一般将来时
【课标要求】
能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般将来时描述:① 将来某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态;② 临时决定即将发生的动作;③ 有计划、有准备的将来动作(如 I am going to visit my teacher this weekend.);④ 客观上即将发生、大概率发生的未来事件(如It will be a good day tomorrow.明天会是一个好天气)
一、一般将来时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
(1) 主语+willl+动词原形+其他
I will play basketball with you. 我将会和你一起打篮球。
(2) 主语+be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形+其他
I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买一台电脑。
2. 否定句式:
(1) 主语+will not(won’t) not(shan’t)+动词原形+其他
I won’t play basketball with you. 我不会和你一起打篮球。
(2) 主语+be(am/is/are) not going to+动词原形+其他
I’m not going to buy a computer this year. 我今年不打算买电脑。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
(1) Will+主语+动词原形+其他?
Will you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起打篮球吗?
(2) Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
Are you going to buy a computer this year? 你今年打算买电脑吗?
特殊疑问句:
(1) 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它?
What will you do tomorrow? 你明天将要做什么?
(2) 特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?
Where are you going to travel? 你打算去哪里旅行?
注意:一般将来时两种核心结构:will多表单纯将来、主观意愿、征求意见;be going to 多表计划打算、有迹象的将来。will not 缩写为 won’t。
will例句:
肯定句:We shall go to the zoo. 我们将要去动物园。
否定句:We shan’t go to the zoo. 我们不会去动物园。
一般疑问句及回答:— Shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗? — Yes, we shall. (No, we shan’t.)
be going to例句:
肯定句:I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。
否定句:I’m not going to buy a computer this year. 我今年不打算买电脑。
一般疑问句及回答:— Are you going to buy a computer this year? 你今年打算买电脑吗? — Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.)
【典例破题】
They ______ for Beijing next week.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. are leaving
答案C
【命题解读】
本题考查一般将来时用法。句中时间状语 next week(下周)是一般将来时标志词,排除一般现在时A、一般过去时B。本句为单纯表述将来计划发生的动作,用 will+动词原形结构,故选C。
【易错提示】
有迹象、有计划用 be going to;单纯客观将来、礼貌提问、表意愿只用 will/shall,不可混用。be going to 后不接 go/come,需改用现在进行时。
【巩固提升1】
Look at the black clouds! It ______ rain.
A. will B. is going to C. was going to D. would
答案B
详细解析:本题考查 be going to 特殊用法。由乌云密布的迹象可判断即将下雨,有客观迹象的将来动作必须用 be going to,will 仅表单纯将来,无预判含义,结合时态故选B。
【巩固提升2】
I ______ eighteen next week.
A. am going to be B. will be C. was D. am
答案B
详细解析:本题考查 will 与 be going to 的区别。年龄增长是客观必然、不受主观控制的将来,只能用 will,不能用 be going to,结合时间状语 next week 故选B。
【巩固提升3】
We’ll start if it ______ tomorrow.
A. doesn’t rain B. won’t rain C. didn’t rain D. isn’t raining
答案A
详细解析:本题考查主将从现规则。主句为一般将来时,if 引导的条件状语从句需用一般现在时表将来,排除将来时B、过去时C、进行时D,故选A。
知识点四 现在进行时
【课标要求】
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用现在进行时描述:① 此时此刻正在进行的动作;② 现阶段正在持续进行但此刻不一定在做的动作;③ 现阶段临时的状态或变化;④ 少数位移动词表近期计划、即将发生的动作(如 I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.)
一、现在进行时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
主语+be(am/is/are)+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
I am looking for my key now. 我现在正在找我的钥匙。
2. 否定句式:
主语+be(am/is/are) not+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
They aren’t having an English class. 他们没有在上英语课。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其他?
Are they having an English class? 他们正在上英语课吗?
答句:Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t.)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其它?
What are you doing now? 你现在正在做什么?
注意:现在进行时必须搭配be动词+现在分词;状态动词、心理动词、瞬间动词、感官动词无进行时态,无正在进行的含义。
完整例句:
肯定句:Look. Some children are playing games over there. 看!一些孩子正在那边做游戏。
否定句:Some children aren’t playing games over there. 那边没有孩子在做游戏。
一般疑问句及回答:— Are some children playing games over there? 那边有孩子在做游戏吗? — Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t.)
【典例破题】
Look! Some children ______ games over there.
A. play B. plays C. are playing D. played
答案:C
【命题解读】
本题考查现在进行时标志词用法。句首出现 Look! 是现在进行时典型提示词,表此刻动作正在发生,需用 be+doing 结构,排除一般现在时A、B,一般过去时D,故选C。
【易错警示】see、like、have、know 等状态、心理动词,即使有 now 也不能用于进行时,只能用一般现在时。
【巩固提升1】
She ______ for Beijing tomorrow.
A. leave B. left C. is leaving D. will leave
答案:C
详细解析:本题考查现在进行时表将来。leave 为位移动词,可用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的将来动作,贴合语境提前安排的行程,故选C。
【巩固提升2】
He always ______ others. He is very kind.
A. help B. helps C. is helping D. helped
答案:C
详细解析:本题考查现在进行时带感情色彩。always 与现在进行时连用,表赞扬、欣赏的感情色彩,突出人物一贯的优秀品质,故选C。
【巩固提升3】
I ______ two brothers.
A. am having B. have C. had D. will have
答案:B
详细解析:have 表“拥有”是状态动词,不能用于进行时,排除A。本句表述固有状态,用一般现在时,故选B。
知识点五 过去进行时
【课标要求】
能在口头和书面表达中正确使用过去进行时描述:① 过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作;② 过去某段时间内持续进行的动作;③ 过去正在进行的动作被另一动作突然打断(如 I was reading when the phone rang.);④ 过去同时发生的两个持续性动作
一、过去进行时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
主语+be(was/were)+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
He was waiting for me at that time. 那时他正在等我。
2. 否定句式:
主语+be(was/were) not+现在分词(V-ing)+其他
He was not waiting for me at that time. 那时他没有在等我。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
Was/Were+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其他?
Was he waiting for me at that time? 那时他正在等我吗?
答句:Yes, he was. (No, he wasn’t.)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+现在分词(V-ing)+其它?
What were you doing at ten o’clock last night? 昨晚十点你在做什么?
注意:过去进行时侧重过去动作的持续性、未完成性;一般过去时侧重动作已完成、陈述事实。while 后常接过去进行时,延续性动作;when 可接延续或瞬间动作。
完整例句:
肯定句:They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们正在看电视。
否定句:They weren’t watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们没有看电视。
一般疑问句及回答:— Were they watching TV at ten o’clock last night? 昨晚十点他们正在看电视吗? — Yes, they were. (No, they weren’t.)
【典例破题】
I ______ dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon.
A. cook B. cooked C. was cooking D. am cooking
答案:C
【命题解读】
本题考查过去进行时固定句型。when 引导瞬间过去动作,主句用过去进行时,表过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在持续进行,结合时态故选C。
【易错警示】
过去进行时表动作未完成,一般过去时表动作已完成;做题需区分动作是持续过程还是完整事实。
【巩固提升1】
My mother was cooking while I ______ my homework.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
答案:C
详细解析:while 引导两个同时持续的过去动作,主从句均用过去进行时,表过去两个动作同步进行,故选C。
【巩固提升2】
He ______ his homework in the afternoon.
A. was doing B. did C. is doing D. does
答案:A
详细解析:本句侧重强调下午一直在做作业的持续过程,不强调是否完成,用过去进行时;B选项一般过去时侧重动作已完成,故选A。
【巩固提升3】
She told me she ______ for Beijing the next week.
A. leaves B. left C. was leaving D. will leave
答案:C
详细解析:本句为过去将来含义,位移动词的过去进行时可表过去视角下计划好的将来动作,主句为一般过去时,从句时态对应匹配,故选C。
知识点六 现在完成时
【课标要求】
能在口头和书面表达中正确使用现在完成时描述:① 过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态;② 过去发生、对现在造成影响或结果的动作;③ 从过去持续至今的经历、次数;④ 截止到目前为止完成的动作(如 I have finished my homework.);⑤ 含 since/for 表动作持续的时间跨度
一、现在完成时的结构
1. 肯定句式:
主语+have/has+动词过去分词(done)+其他
He has eaten breakfast. 他已经吃过早饭了。
2. 否定句式:
主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词(done)+其他
He hasn’t eaten breakfast. 他还没有吃早饭。
3. 疑问句式:
一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(done)+其他?
Has he eaten breakfast? 他吃过早饭了吗?
答句:Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.)
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词(done)+其它?
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住多久了?
注意:主语三单用has,其余用have;现在完成时不与具体过去时间状语连用;瞬间动词不能与for/since时间段连用,需转换为延续性动词。
完整例句:
肯定句:We have lived here since 1976. 从1976年开始我们就住在这里。
否定句:We haven’t lived here since 1976. 从1976年开始我们就没有住在这里。
一般疑问句及回答:— Have you lived here since 1976? 你们从1976年就住在这里吗? — Yes, we have. (No, we haven’t.)
【典例破题】
I ______ this film already.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
答案:C
【命题解读】:本题考查现在完成时标志词。already(已经)是现在完成时典型标志词,表动作已完成且对现在有影响,排除现在时、过去时、将来时,故选C。
【易错警示】:现在完成时侧重对现在的影响,一般过去时只侧重过去动作;瞬间动词不能接时间段,必须转换对应延续性状态。
【巩固提升1】
The old man ______ for three years.
A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. dies
答案:C
详细解析:die 是瞬间动词,不能与 for 引导的时间段连用,需转换为延续性状态 be dead。本句为现在完成时,主语三单,用 has been dead,故选C。
【巩固提升2】
— Where is Tom? — He ______ to the Great Wall.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
答案:B
详细解析:has gone to 表示“去了某地(未返回)”,符合此刻人不在现场的语境;has been to 表示“去过某地(已返回)”,结合语境故选B。
【巩固提升3】
I ______ here since I was a child.
A. lived B. have lived C. live D. will live
答案:B
详细解析:since+过去时句子是现在完成时标志结构,表动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时,故选B。
1、 单项选择
1.—You look exhausted. What on earth ______ all afternoon?
—I was helping my cousin move into his new flat.
A. did you do B. have you done C. were you doing D. have you been doing
答案:C
详细解析:本题核心是依托答句判定时间语境。答句使用过去进行时 was helping,说明问句中 all afternoon 指代的是对话当下已结束的过去整个下午,并非延续到现在的时间段。A选项一般过去时仅强调动作完成,无法体现“整个下午持续忙碌”的状态;B、D选项均为现在相关时态,动作延续至当下,与答句的过去语境冲突;C选项过去进行时,专门用于描述过去某一整段时间持续进行的动作,完美匹配语境。
2.By the time the rescue team arrived at the mountain village, the heavy snow ______ several small wooden houses already.
A. destroyed B. had destroyed C. has destroyed D. was destroying
答案:B
详细解析:by the time 引导时间状语从句,从句动词 arrived 为一般过去时,代表一个过去的时间节点。主句动作“大雪摧毁房屋”发生在“救援队抵达”之前,属于典型的过去的过去,必须用过去完成时。A选项一般过去时无法体现动作先后顺序;C选项现在完成时只能搭配现在时间语境;D选项过去进行时侧重动作持续过程,不能与 already(已经)搭配表示动作完成。
3.The old scientist ______ researching rare wild plants for over forty years and he still devotes most of his spare time to field work now.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked
答案:C
详细解析:句中 for over forty years 结合后半句 he still devotes...now 可判定,动作从四十多年前开始,一直持续到现在,且当下仍在继续研究,符合现在完成时的用法。A选项一般现在时仅表习惯性动作,无法体现长时间延续;B选项一般过去时表示动作仅发生在过去,现在已终止,与句意矛盾;D选项过去完成时需要一个过去动作作为参照,句中无对应过去时间节点,故排除。
4.Hurry up! The manager ______ at the office in ten minutes, and we can’t be late for the appointment.
A. arrives B. is arriving C. was arriving D. has arrived
答案:B
详细解析:in ten minutes 表示十分钟后,表将来时间。arrive 属于位移动词,这类动词(come、go、leave、arrive 等)的现在进行时,可表示已经计划、安排好的近期将来动作。A选项一般现在时表将来,仅适用于列车、航班等固定时刻表安排,不适用于人的临时工作约定;C选项过去进行时时态错误;D选项现在完成时表动作已完成,与将来语境完全不符。
5.I ______ to call you last night, but an unexpected visitor dropped in and took up all my free time.
A. intended B. have intended C. had intended D. was intended
答案:C
详细解析:intend、plan、hope 等表计划、意愿的动词,过去完成时可表示过去本打算做某事,最终未能实现。句中“昨晚本来想打电话,却因访客未能打成”,完美贴合该用法。A选项一般过去时仅陈述过去有过想法,无法体现“计划落空”的隐含语义;B选项现在完成时与 last night 过去时间冲突;D选项被动语态语义不通,主语 I 是主动产生想法,无需被动形式。
6.Water ______ at 100 degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure, which is basic physics knowledge.
A. boils B. is boiling C. boiled D. will boil
答案:A
详细解析:描述客观真理、自然规律、科学事实时,统一使用一般现在时,不受时间影响。标准大气压下水的沸点是恒定的科学规律,因此用一般现在时。B选项现在进行时表正在发生的动作,不用于描述恒定规律;C选项一般过去时、D选项一般将来时均无法体现客观真理的通用性,直接排除。
7.No one can tell exactly when the ancient bridge ______, but local records suggest it dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
A. built B. was built C. has been built D. had been built
答案:B
详细解析:首先判定语态,bridge(桥梁)与 build(建造)是被动关系,桥梁被建造,排除主动形式A选项。其次判断时态,桥梁的建造是明朝一次性完成的过去具体动作,无持续、无对现在的影响,用一般过去时的被动语态。C选项现在完成时被动,侧重动作对现在的影响,不搭配具体过去建造动作;D选项过去完成时被动需要过去参照节点,句中无对应语境,故排除。
8.She won’t go on the hiking trip with us this weekend because she ______ her final papers these days.
A. writes B. is writing C. wrote D. will write
答案:B
详细解析:these days 不特指此时此刻,而是指代近期现阶段。句中语境为“她近期一直在写期末论文,所以周末无法徒步”,强调现阶段持续进行的临时动作,用现在进行时。A选项一般现在时表长期、固定习惯,写论文不是长期习惯性动作;C选项一般过去时动作已结束,无法解释当下无法出行的原因;D选项一般将来时表未来动作,不符合现阶段持续忙碌的语境。
9.We ______ three experimental reports so far this month, and the fourth one is due next Monday.
A. finished B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished
答案:C
详细解析:so far(迄今为止)是现在完成时的核心标志词,动作从本月初开始,截至目前已经完成三篇报告,且对现在产生影响(还有一篇待完成),契合现在完成时用法。A选项一般过去时仅陈述过去动作,不关联现在情况;B选项现在进行时表未完成的动作,与“已完成三篇”矛盾;D选项过去完成时需要过去时间参照,本句以当下时间为基准,故排除。
10.When I got to the stadium, my favorite players ______ the opening match, so I missed the whole first half.
A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. would finish
答案:C
详细解析:从句动词 got to 为一般过去时,是过去的时间节点。根据后半句“错过了整个上半场”可知,我到达场馆时,开幕式比赛已经结束。比赛结束发生在“到达”这个过去动作之前,属于“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。A选项一般过去时表示两个动作同时发生,不符合逻辑;B选项现在完成时不能搭配过去时间状语;D选项过去将来时表过去视角的未来
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We usually ______ (have) breakfast at seven every morning.
答案:have
2. My sister often ______ (watch) cartoons in her free time.
答案:watches
3. There ______ (be) a book and two pens on the desk every day.
答案:is
4. They ______ (visit) their grandparents next weekend.
答案:will visit / are going to visit
5. Look! The students ______ (read) books in the classroom.
答案:are reading
6. Luckily, a kind stranger ______ (help) the old man cross the road just now.
答案:helped
7. Though I ______ (not see) him for a long time, I still remember his face clearly.
答案:haven’t seen
8. When the teacher came in, we ______ (talk) loudly in class.
答案:were talking
9. My father ______ (work) in this factory since he left school.
答案:has worked
10. He said he ______ (take) part in the sports meeting if he was free.
答案:would take / was going to take
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
If you ask people from different countries “Could you tell me the way ____24____ the post office?”, you will get different answers.
In Japan, people use landmarks (路标) instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Please ____25____ (go) straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is ____26____ (cross) from the bus stop. ”
Sometimes if a person, like a New York, doesn’t know the answer to your question, he or she ____27____ (say), “Sorry, I have no idea.”
But one thing will help you everywhere. You might not understand a ____28____ (person) words, but maybe you can understand his or her body language. He or she will usually point to the correct direction. Go on in that direction and you may find the post office!
【答案】24. to 25. go 26. across 27. might 28. person’s
24. to
搭配:the way to + 地点,固定用法,表示 “去往…… 的路”,to 是介词,后面接地点名词(the post office 邮局),句意:你问不同国家的人 “能告诉我去邮局的路吗?”。
25. go
本句是祈使句,以 Please 开头,后面必须用动词原形,所以填 go。 句子翻译:请一直直走到拐角处。
26. across
cross 是动词 “穿过”;across from 固定短语 = 在…… 对面,介词短语作表语。 is 后面不能直接跟动词 cross,要换成介词 across,句意:邮局就在公交站对面。
27. might say
原答案给 might,完整是 might say。 前文:有时候纽约人如果不认路,可能会说不知道。might 是情态动词,表 “或许、可能”,后接动词原形 say;也可以填 will say(将会说),答案选用 might 侧重不确定性。
28. person’s
后面有名词 words(话语),需要用名词所有格表所属:一个人的话语,person 变所有格加’s → person’s。
B
Recently, virtual self-study room (虚拟自习室) has become a warm and silent place for people who enjoy a good learning atmosphere (氛围).
“At first, I was just looking for a partner ____29____ (prepare) for the exam together. I never expected it to be so popular,” said Yue Yetu, who started an online steam. “It ____30____ (amaze) me that over 150 people were online at the same time. The participants included teenagers and adults, most of whom ____31____ (prepare) for their examinations. ”
“They don’t have to turn on the cameras in the room. However, many of them would prefer to fire up the web camera because it ____32____ (remind) them not to be distracted (分心).” Yue said.
“I received a lot of support from it, and I was deeply ____33____ (move),” a participant Chen Yihan said, “It helps me have a good grade.”
【答案】29. to prepare 30. amazed 31. were preparing 32 reminds 33. moved
29. to prepare
不定式 to do 作目的状语,句意:一开始我只是想找个同伴一起备考(找同伴的目的是备考),用 to prepare 表目的。
30. amazed
全文讲述过去创办直播间时的事,时态为一般过去时;amaze 动词,主语 it(这件事),过去式 amazed。 句意:同时在线 150 多人,这件事让我很吃惊。
31. were preparing
主句过去时,这里表示当时大部分人正在备考,用过去进行时;先行词 most of whom 指代人(复数),be 动词用 were + preparing。
32. reminds
引号内是当事人现在的常态描述,一般现在时;主语 it 单数,动词用三单 reminds。 句意:开摄像头能提醒自己不分心。
33. moved
固定搭配:be moved 被感动,moved 是形容词(感动的),修饰人;moving 用来形容事物 “令人感动的”。 句意:我从中收获很多支持,深受触动。
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