暑假自学课第1讲+名词·冠词·可数不可数（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册

新初一暑假自学课 人教2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第1讲 名词 · 冠词 · 可数不可数 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新七年级（小升初） ⊙ 教材版本：人教2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：复习小学名词分类，系统学习冠词a/an/the用法和名词复数变化规则 Part 1 温故知新 —— 名词家族大回顾 同学们在小学已经学过很多名词，今天我们先来回顾一下名词的分类和基本用法。 一、可数名词 (Countable Nouns) 可数名词指可以用数字计数的名词，有单数和复数两种形式。 单数 复数 a book(一本书) two books(两本书) an apple(一个苹果) three apples(三个苹果) a student(一个学生) many students(许多学生) an egg(一个鸡蛋) some eggs(一些鸡蛋) 注意: 单数可数名词前面一般要加 a 或 an。a 用于辅音音素开头的词前，an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 二、不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns) 不可数名词不能用数字直接计数，没有复数形式，前面不能用a/an。 类别 例词 液体 water(水), milk(牛奶), juice(果汁), tea(茶) 食物 bread(面包), rice(米饭), meat(肉), soup(汤) 抽象概念 love(爱), music(音乐), homework(作业) 材料 paper(纸), wood(木头), gold(黄金) 气体 air(空气), oxygen(氧气) 不可数名词的量化表达: a glass of milk / two pieces of bread / a cup of tea 三、小学常见名词分类 请在下列名词前加上 a 或 an，并判断是可数(C)还是不可数(U): book ______ water ______ apple ______ rice ______ student ______ elephant ______ milk ______ orange ______ teacher ______ bread ______ egg ______ music ______ friend ______ hour ______ school ______ homework ______ (答案见参考答案部分) Part 2 习新知法 —— 冠词与复数规则升级 一、冠词 a / an 的精讲 冠词本身没有意思，放在名词前帮助说明名词。 1. 不定冠词 a / an a 和 an 都表示一个或某一个，区别取决于后面单词的发音: 冠词 使用条件 举例 a 辅音音素开头 a book / a student / a university / a useful tool an 元音音素开头 an apple / an hour / an honest boy / an umbrella 注意 university 虽以u开头但发/ju:/，是辅音音素 → a university 注意 hour 虽以h开头但h不发音 → an hour 2. 定冠词 the the 表示这个、那个，可放在可数名词单复数及不可数名词前。 用法 举例 前面提到过的人或物 I have a cat. The cat is white. 双方都知道的事物 Please open the door.(对方知道是哪扇门) 世界上独一无二的 the sun / the moon / the earth / the sky 序数词和最高级前 the first lesson / the best student 二、可数名词变复数的规则 小学已学过部分复数规则，现在系统学习所有规则: 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 加 -s book->books / pen->pens / girl->girls 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 加 -es box->boxes / watch->watches / bus->buses 辅音字母 + y 结尾 改 y 为 i 加 -es baby->babies / family->families / city->cities 以 f / fe 结尾 改 f/fe 为 v 加 -es knife->knives / leaf->leaves / wife->wives 以 o 结尾 有生命的加 -es/无生命的加 -s potato->potatoes/tomato->tomatoes/photo->photos 三、不规则复数 有些名词的复数变化不规则，需要特别记忆: 单数 复数 man men woman women child children foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice 四、可数不可数与 there be 句型 There is + 可数名词单数 / 不可数名词 There are + 可数名词复数 -- There is a book on the desk. -- There is some milk in the glass. -- There are two apples on the table. Part 3 基础巩固 一、用 a 或 an 填空。 (1) ___ book (2) ___ apple (3) ___ hour (4) ___ university (5) ___ orange (6) ___ umbrella (7) ___ useful book (8) ___ honest boy (9) ___ elephant (10) ___ egg 二、写出下列名词的复数形式。 (1) book -> __________ (2) box -> __________ (3) baby -> __________ (4) knife -> __________ (5) bus -> __________ (6) family -> __________ (7) tomato -> __________ (8) foot -> __________ (9) child -> __________ (10) photo -> __________ 三、单项选择。 1. I have ___ apple. ___ apple is red. A. a; The B. an; The C. the; An D. an; A 2. There ___ some water in the cup. A. is B. are C. have D. be 3. My sister has two ___. A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watching 4. ___ sun is very hot today. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There are five ___ on the farm. A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. ship 四、将下列名词分类，可数的写C，不可数的写U。 water ( ) book ( ) rice ( ) teacher ( ) milk ( ) student ( ) bread ( ) apple ( ) music ( ) pen ( ) air ( ) baby ( ) Part 4 提高挑战 一、用所给名词的正确形式填空。 (1) Look! There are three ______ (tomato) on the table. (2) How many ______ (child) are there in the room? (3) I need two ______ (glass) of ______ (milk). (4) These ______ (woman) are our teachers. (5) The ______ (leaf) on the tree are green. (6) I brush my ______ (tooth) every morning. (7) There is some ______ (bread) on the plate. (8) My sister has two ______ (baby). 二、改错: 下列各句中有一处错误，请改正。 (1) There are five sheeps on the hill. ______________ (2) I have a umbrella. ______________ (3) My mother bought two watchs for me. ______________ (4) There is an milk in the bottle. ______________ (5) The baby have two foot. ______________ 三、阅读短文，用所给词的适当形式填空。 Hello! I'm Amy. I have a cat. ______ (1)___ cat is very cute. It has two big ______ (2)______ (eye) and four small ______ (3)______ (foot). It likes eating ______ (4)______ (fish) and drinking ______ (5)______ (milk). There ______ (6)______ (be) some ______ (7)______ (bread) on the table, but the cat doesn't like it. I have many ______ (8)______ (toy) for my cat. I love my cat very much! 四、写作。 用英语写一段话介绍你的房间，至少用上5个名词(包括可数名词和不可数名词各至少2个)，注意使用正确的冠词和复数形式。 参考句型: There is/are... / I have... / I can see... Part 5 本讲总结 一、名词分类口诀 名词分为可数和不可数，可数名词能计数，个体前面加a/an; 不可数名词不能数，液体气体抽象物; some milk, some bread，要数得加量词来帮助! 二、名词变复数规则 一般词尾加-s，清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/; s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es，读作/iz/; 辅音+y改y为i加-es; f/fe结尾改f/fe为v加-es。 三、冠词用法口诀 a/an 是不定冠词，泛指一个要用它; a用在辅音前，an用在元音前(注意是发音不是字母!); the是定冠词，特指双方都知道，独一无二少不了。 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 名词分类练习(参考): a book(C), water(U), an apple(C), rice(U), a student(C), an elephant(C), milk(U), an orange(C), a teacher(C), bread(U), an egg(C), music(U), a friend(C), an hour(C), a school(C), homework(U) Part 3 基础巩固 一. (1) a (2) an (3) an (4) a (5) an (6) an (7) a (8) an (9) an (10) an 二. (1) books (2) boxes (3) babies (4) knives (5) buses (6) families (7) tomatoes (8) feet (9) children (10) photos 三. 1. B(an apple, the apple特指前面提到的) 2. A(water不可数，用is) 3. B(watch加-es) 4. C(sun独一无二，用the) 5. B(sheep单复数同形) 四. water(U) book(C) rice(U) teacher(C) milk(U) student(C) bread(U) apple(C) music(U) pen(C) air(U) baby(C) Part 4 提高挑战 一. (1) tomatoes (2) children (3) glasses, milk (4) women (5) leaves (6) teeth (7) bread (8) toys 二. (1) sheeps -> sheep (2) a -> an(umbrella以元音音素开头) (3) watchs -> watches (4) an -> /(milk不可数，不需要冠词) (5) foot -> feet 三. (1) The (2) eyes (3) feet (4) fish (5) milk (6) is (7) bread (8) toys 四. 略。参考范文: This is my room. There is a desk and a chair in it. There are some books on the desk. There is some water in a glass. I have a bed and two pictures on the wall. I like my room very much. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $