专题01 Units 1～2（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材译林版

专题01 Units 1~2（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握used to，a wealth of，as well as等短语。 2. 理解it作形式主语的常见句型。 3. 掌握since，until引导时间状语涉及的时态，no matter引导让步状语从句的用法等。 4. 掌握现在完成时中涉及的考点。 复习难点： 1. 现在完成时中have been与have gone的区别。 2. 现在完成时中延续动词与瞬间动词的转化。 考情规律 单词填空：侧重本单元短语中涉及的非谓语动词的运用、现在完成时的运用。 语法填空：侧重语法的综合运用，特别是现在完成时。 阅读理解：侧重推理判断和文章整体把握（篇章结构、主旨大意）。 知识点1 used to modal v. 曾经。后接动词原形，used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”。 He used to be afraid of speaking in public, but now he is a teacher. 他过去害怕在公众面前讲话，但现在他是一名老师。 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 I used to play the piano when I was a child. be/get used to sth 习惯某物 You will soon get used to your new school life. be/get used to doing 习惯做某事 I am used to getting up at six o'clock every morning. be used to do sth 被用来做某事 This knife is used to cut vegetables in the kitchen. Smartphones are used to _______ for things, and most people are used to ______ them for shopping. A.pay, use B. paying, use C. pay, using D. paying, using 句意：智能手机被用来支付，而且大多数人已经习惯用它购物。智能手机可以用来付款，be used to do表示“用来做某事”；人们习惯用智能手机购物，be used to doing表示“习惯做某事”。故选C。 知识点2 as well as 除……之外，也，还。A as well as B作主语时，遵循“就前一致/就远”原则，即由A决定谓语动词单复数 The manager as well as the workers has agreed to the new plan. 经理和工人们都同意了新计划。 not only A but also B 作主语，遵循“就近”原则，即由B决定谓语动词单复数。 Not only the students but also the teacher was moved by the movie.不仅学生们，老师也被这部电影感动了。 as well“也”，用于句末；not only ... but also...可以转化为not only ... but ... as well，表示“不仅如此，而且……”。 The movie was not only exciting but educational as well. 这部电影不仅刺激，而且有教育意义。 The head coach as well as all the team members ________ (train) hard for the championship these days. 句意：主教练和所有队员这些天都在为锦标赛刻苦训练。as well as作主语，需符合“就前一致”原则，谓语与前面的主语The head coach（单数）保持一致；“these days”提示是现在进行时。故填is training。 知识点3 speed n. 速度。常考查相关单词或短语： 1. high-speed adj. 高速的 I always take the high-speed train when I travel to Nanjing. 我去南京旅行时，总是坐高铁。 2. at a speed of 以……速度 The high-speed train travels at a speed of over 350 kilometers per hour. 这趟高铁以每小时超过350公里的速度行驶。 3. at full/low/high speed 全速/低速/高速 The train rushed through the tunnel at full speed. 火车全速冲过隧道。 When getting close to the station, the high-speed train slows down and moves ______ low speed for safety. A. a B. the C. / 句意：当火车靠近车站时，高铁减速并以低速行驶以确保安全。at low speed是固定搭配，意为“低速”，故选C。 知识点4 electric adj. 电动的、带电的。 Electric cars are becoming more and more popular around the world. 电动汽车在全世界越来越受欢迎。 electric、electrical、electricity与electronic的区别 单词 词性 含义 举例 electric 形容词 电动的、带电的 an electric fan 电动风扇 electrical 形容词 电气相关的 an electrical engineer 电器工程师 electricity 名词 电、电能 save electricity 节约用电 electronic 形容词 电子的 an electronic dictionary 电子词典 An _________ bicycle is a convenient way to travel around a crowded city. A.electricity B. electric C. electronic D. electrical 句意：电动自行车是在拥挤城市出行的便捷方式。electricity电；electric电动的；electronic电子的；electrical电气相关的。bicycle是具体交通工具，此处表示“电动自行车”，故选B。 知识点5 lead vt. & vi. 引领、领导。过去式与过去分词均为led。常见短语如下： 1. lead to 导致，可以同义替换为cause Eating too much junk food and lack of exercise can lead to serious health problems. 吃太多垃圾食品和缺乏锻炼会导致严重的健康问题。 2. lead sb to sp 把某人带到某地 A policeman led the lost boy to his parents at the station. 一位警察把迷路的男孩带到车站他父母那里。 3. lead sb to do sth 引导/促使某人做某事 My interest in science led me to join the robotics club. 我对科学的兴趣促使我加入了机器人社团。 4. lead a ... life 过着……的生活 Many people dream of leading a simple life away from the noisy city. 许多人梦想着远离喧嚣的城市，过着简单的生活。 大雨已导致市中心出现严重的交通问题。 The heavy rain ______________ serious traffic problems in the city center “已导致”是关键词，“导致”lead to；时态是现在完成时，主语是三单，助动词用has，lead的过去分词是led。故填has led to。 知识点6 since 作连词，有两种用法： 1. 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然、因为”，表示已知的、显而易见的原因，语气比because弱，通常在句首。 Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting now. 既然大家都到了，我们现在开始开会吧。 2. 引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 My little sister has learned more than 500 English words since I joined the club. 自从加入俱乐部以来，我妹妹已经学了500多个英语单词。 现在完成时中since后for的用法区别 since 后接一般过去时从句、过去时间点 since we moved here；since 1990；since 5 weeks ago for 后接时间段 for 5 years ________ you are tired, you should take a short rest before continuing. A.After B. While C. Although D. Since 句意：既然你累了，你应该休息一下再继续。After在……之后；While当……时；然而；Although虽然；Since既然；因为。根据句意，“累了”是“应该休息”的原因，Since引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、显而易见的原因，故选D。 知识点7 common adj. 普遍的；共同的，修饰名词，常见短语有：common sense常识；common interest共同兴趣 It is common sense that people with a common interest often become good friends. 有共同兴趣的人往往能成为好朋友，这是常识。 common的实用短语表达： in common 共同；共有 have … in common 有共同之处 have a lot in common 有很多共同点 have nothing in common 毫无共同之处 Although we come from different countries, we share a lot ________ when it comes to music and food. A.in common B. after all C. all in one D. at first 句意：虽然我们来自不同的国家，但在音乐和美食方面我们有很多共同之处。in common共同之处；after all毕竟；all in one集于一身；at first起初。根据“Although we come from different countries”和“when it comes to music and food”可知，虽然来自不同国家，但是在音乐和美食方面有共同之处，故选A。 知识点8 a wealth of 大量的，丰富的。后接不可数名词/复数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，与of后的名词无关。 The museum has a wealth of ancient paintings from different dynasties. 这座博物馆收藏了大量来自不同朝代的古代画作。 wealth是不可数名词。意为“财富”，其形容词是wealthy，意为“富有的”。 If a wealthy person is not happy, his wealth loses its meaning. 一个富有的人如果不快乐，他的财富也就失去了意义。 a wealth of、a number of与plenty of 类似短语 含义 用法 作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式 a wealth of 大量的、丰富的 后接不可数名词/复数名词 wealth决定谓语是单数 a number of 一些、许多 后接复数名词 谓语用复数 plenty of 充足的、大量的 后接不可数名词/复数名词 of后的名词决定谓语单复数 The old man has ________ life experience from traveling around the world. A.a number of B. a wealth of C. a few D. a type of 句意：那位老人拥有来自环游世界的丰富生活经验。a number of许多，后接复数名词；a wealth of大量的，后接复数名词或不可数名词；a few少许，后接复数名词；a type of一种。experience“经验”是不可数名词，此处表示“大量的生活经验”，故选B。 知识点9 prefer 1. prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事（长期的、习惯性的） I prefer reading books at home on weekends. 周末我更喜欢在家看书。 2. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事、更喜欢做某事（一次性的、当下的选择） She prefers to stay at home rather than go out in such bad weather. 这么糟糕的天气，她宁愿待在家里也不出去。 3. prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A Most students prefer summer to winter because of the long vacation. 大多数学生比起冬天更喜欢夏天，因为暑假长。 4. prefer doing A to doing B 比起做事情B更喜欢做事情A I prefer playing basketball to watching TV after school. 放学后我更喜欢打篮球而不是看电视。 5. prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做事情A也不做事情B She prefers to walk home rather than take a taxi. 她宁愿走路回家也不坐出租车。 1. prefer的过去式与过去分词需双写r，为preferred。 2. prefer to do/prefer doing后若再出现不定式，可能是目的状语，需分清句子结构 I prefer staying at home on weekends to relax and read my favorite novels. 我更喜欢周末待在家里，以放松和阅读我最喜欢的小说。 Most teenagers prefer chatting with friends online to ________ (spend) time reading books in the library. 句意：大多数青少年更喜欢在网上和朋友聊天，而不是在图书馆花时间看书。此处是prefer doing to doing结构，表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事情”，故填spending。 知识点10 scare vt. 使害怕，后接名词或代词。scare sb使某人害怕，吓唬某人 The sudden knock on the door scared the cat under the sofa. 突然的敲门声把猫吓得躲到了沙发底下。 类似的动词有：surprise使惊讶；worry使担心；excite使激动；frighten使惊吓，这些词后可直接加名词或代词。 The bad news worried her. 这个坏消息让她担心。 scare与scary、scared 单词 词性 用法 scare 动词 scare sb吓唬某人 scary 形容词 “吓人的、令人害怕的”，修饰物 scared 形容词 “感到害怕的”，修饰人 The _______ exam _______ all students. _______ faces filled the classroom. (scare) 句意：那场吓人的考试吓到了所有学生。教室里满是惶恐的脸。第一空修饰物exam，表示“吓人的考试”；第二空是谓语动词，表示“使所有学生害怕”，且由filled可知是一般过去时，需用过去式；第三空后是faces，表示“感到害怕的脸”，修饰人。故填scary；scared；scared。 知识点11 rich adj. 大量含有；丰富多彩的；富有的。常考查的短语如下： 1. the rich富人，作主语看作复数 Not all the rich live a happy life because money cannot buy true friendship or love. 并非所有富人都过得幸福，因为金钱买不到真正的友谊或爱。 2. rich experience 丰富的经验；rich culture 深厚的文化 Traveling to different countries can give us a rich experience of life. 去不同国家旅行能带给我们丰富的人生体验。 3. be rich in…富含……；盛产…… This area is rich in natural resources such as oil, coal, and many kinds of metals. 这个地区富含石油、煤炭和多种金属等自然资源。 Oranges are _______ vitamin C, which is very important for keeping our body healthy. A.rich in B. famous as C. full of D. similar to 句意：橙子富含维生素C，这对保持我们身体健康非常重要。rich in富有；famous as作为……而出名；full of充满；similar to相似。由“Oranges are ... vitamin C”可知是句子富含维生素C，故选A。 知识点12 choice n. 选择，可数名词。关于choice的常见句型有： 1. have no choice but to do sth别无选择，只能做某事 The heavy rain destroyed their tent, so they had no choice but to ask for help. 大雨毁掉了他们的帐篷，他们别无选择，只能求助。 2. It’s a good choice to do sth. 做某事是个好主意 It's a good choice to take a walk after dinner. 晚饭后散步是个好主意。 choice的动词形式是choose，过去式与过去分词是chosen。常见实用短语有： 1. choose to do sth 选择做某事 Why did you choose to become a teacher instead of a doctor like your father? 你为什么选择成为一名老师，而不是像你父亲那样当医生？ 2. be chosen as 被选为 He was chosen as the leader of the school basketball team because of his skills. 他因为球技出色被选为学校篮球队的队长。 3. be chosen to do sth被选中做某事 Three students were chosen to take part in the science experiment. 三名学生被选中去参与科学实验。 Boys and girls, the _______ (choose) you make today will greatly influence your future. 句意：孩子们，你今天做出的选择将极大地影响你的未来。此处是名词作主语，choose的名词是choice，“Boys and girls”表明是复数。故填choices。 知识点13 abroad adv. 在国外, 到国外。地点副词，不需要加介词。 1. home and abroad国内外，海内外 Tourists from home and abroad come to visit the Great Wall during the National Day holiday. 国庆假期期间，国内外游客都来参观长城。 2. study abroad出国留学。 Studying abroad is not easy because you have to face language problems and cultural differences. 出国留学并不容易，因为你必须面对语言问题和文化差异。 abroad不要与aboard“在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上”混淆，注意拼写。 关于这项新政策的新闻引起了国内外的广泛关注。 The news about the new policy has attracted wide attention _________________. “国内外的”是关键词，表示“国内外的”的短语是home and abroad，此处是介词短语作后置定语，home前需加介词at，故填(both) at home and abroad. 知识点14 admire vt. 欣赏；钦佩。常见短语有： 1. admire sb for sth因某事钦佩/赞赏某人 I admire my mother for her patience and kindness. 我钦佩我母亲的耐心和善良。 2. admire the view/scenery 欣赏风景 Tourists stopped on the bridge to admire the scenery. 游客们在桥上停下来欣赏风景。 3. greatly/deeply/highly admire 非常/深深/高度钦佩 I greatly admire my father for his hard work and honesty. 我非常钦佩父亲的勤奋和诚实。 I deeply _______ my teacher _______ her patience and encouragement when we face difficulties. A. advise, to B. admire, for C. tell, about D. provide, with 句意：我深深钦佩老师的耐心和在我们遇到困难时给予的鼓励。advise sb to后接动词原形，A错误；admire sb for sth因某事钦佩某人，此处表示“因为老师的耐心和鼓励而钦佩她”，符合语境；tell sb about sth告诉某人某事，不符合句意；provide sb with sth提供某人某物，不符合语境。 知识点15 imagine vt. & vi. 想象。后接宾语从句或动名词。 1. imagine+(that) 从句 想象…… Can you imagine that one day humans will be able to live on the moon? 你能想象有一天人类能够在月球上生活吗？ 2. imagine doing sth想象做某事 I can't imagine living in a world without music or art. 我无法想象生活在一个没有音乐和艺术的世界里。 imagine常见词性变化有： 1. imaginative adj. 富有想象力的，有创造力的 2. imaginary adj. 想象中的，虚构的，非真实存在的 3. imagination n. 想象（力）, 幻想物, 创造力 Just imagine ________ (travel) around the world with the people you love most. 句意：想象一下和你最爱的人一起环游世界吧。imagine doing表示“想象做某事”，故填travel(l)ing。 知识点16 until prep. & conj. 到……时，直到……为止。until作为连词，常见用法如下： 1. 当主句是延续性动词时，主句是肯定句 The children played in the park until it got dark outside. 孩子们一直在公园里玩，直到外面天黑了。 2. 当主句是瞬间动作时，主句是否定句，即not...until，表示“直到……才” I didn't know the truth until you told me about it yesterday. 我直到昨天你告诉我才知道真相。 3. until引导时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现、主过从过”原则 I will wait here until you come back from the supermarket. 我会在这里等你，直到你从超市回来。 He didn't start his homework until his father came back from work. 他直到爸爸下班回来才开始做作业。 若用于一问一答的句子中，回答省略主语，如有not，not不能省略 —How long did you stay at the office? —Until the meeting ended. ——你待在办公室多久？——一直待到会议结束。 —When will you go to bed tonight? —Not until I finish my homework. ——你今晚什么时候睡觉？——直到做完作业才睡。 She _________ (not go) to bed until she finishes reading the whole story book tonight. 句意：她今晚直到读完那本故事书才会去睡觉。until引导时间状语从句，符合“主将从现”时态规则，主句是一般将来时will do，否定形式是won’t do。故填won’t go。 知识点17 marry vt. & vi. 结婚，嫁，娶，常考用法如下： 1. A marry B A嫁/娶B。瞬间动作 My uncle married a woman from France. 我叔叔娶了一个法国女人。 2. A and B marry A与B结婚。瞬间动作 Uncle Tom and Aunt Alice married in 1998. Tom叔叔和Alice婶婶于1998年结婚。 3. A get married to B/A and B get married A与B结婚。瞬间动作 My sister got married to a man she met while studying in the United States. 我姐姐嫁给了一个她在美国留学时认识的男人。 She got married to a doctor. 她嫁给了一位医生。 4. A be married to B/A and B are married A与B结婚。延续动作 He has been married to his college classmate since they graduated in 2010. 他自2010年大学毕业起就和大学同学结婚了。 They have been married for thirty years. 他们已经结婚三十年了。 married是形容词，表示“已婚的”。 1. get married与be married后可接介词to 2. marry后不可接介词 3. be married是延续动作；marry/get married是瞬间动作，不能与since/for/how long连用 My aunt has _________ a French man for fifteen years and lives in Paris. A.got married to B. been married C. been married to D. married 句意：我阿姨嫁给一个法国男人已经十五年了，住在巴黎。get married、marry是瞬间动作，句中有for fifteen years，需用延续动作be married，且是A be married to B结构。故选C。 知识点18 There was often rubbish lying in the streets.街道上常常堆满垃圾。 There are more places for people to have fun now.如今人们有更多地方可以娱乐消遣。 There be句型的考查点： 就近原则 be动词由离得近的名词决定 一般将来时 there will be, there is/are going to be 现在完成时 there have/has been 不定式与被修饰名词是动宾关系 there be sth to do有某事要做 There are three letters to write and send to my friends this weekend. write and send与letters是动宾关系 现在分词与被修饰名词是主谓关系 there be sb doing有某人在做某事 There is a man waiting for you at the gate of the school right now. man与wait是主谓关系 There is nothing ________ (worry) about because everything is going well so far. 句意：没什么可担心的，因为到目前为止一切顺利。worry与nothing是动宾关系，用不定式作定语，修饰nothing，故填to worry。 知识点19 Now great changes have taken place in the village. 如今，这个村庄发生了巨大的变化。 1.take place“发生”，不及物动词，后不能接名词作宾语，只能时间地点作状语 The sports meeting will take place next Friday on the playground. 运动会将于下周五在操场上举行。 2.take place不使用被动形式 The accident took place at the crossroads. 事故发生在十字路口。 自从新的音乐厅开放以来，我们学校举办了许多精彩的音乐会。 Many wonderful concerts ________________ in our school since the new music hall opened. “举办”是关键词，主语是concerts，表示事件发生用take place；由“since...”可知主句是现在完成时，主语是复数，故填have taken place。 知识点20 No matter where you stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of you.无论你站在哪里，眼前总能呈现一幅完美的画面 no matter“无论……”，引导让步状语从句，后面常接what, who, when, where, how等疑问词。 No matter what happens, I will always be there for you. 无论发生什么，我都会一直在你身边。 No matter how hard the problem is, never give up trying to solve it. 无论问题有多难，永远不要放弃解决它。 _______ who asks you for help, try your best to be kind. A.No doubt B. No problem C. No longer D. No matter 句意：无论谁向你求助，尽力友善对待。此处指“无论向谁求助”，no matter who“无论谁”，故选D。 知识点21 It is a good way to enjoy the old-time feel there.这是感受那里旧时氛围的好方法。 It is important for us to remember those heroes.记住那些英雄对我们来说很重要。 it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式；第一句中it指代不定式to enjoy；第二句中it指代to remember。It is后可接名词、形容词、从句。 it is adj to do sth 做某事是……的 It is dangerous to swim alone in the deep river without any adults. 没有大人陪同独自在深河里游泳很危险。 it is n. to do sth 做某事是…… It is a good habit to read books for at least thirty minutes every day. 每天至少读书三十分钟是一个好习惯。 it is adj that+从句 ……是……的 It is clear that he has made great progress in English this term. 他这学期在英语上取得了很大进步，这是很明显的。 it is n that+从句 ……是…… It is a fact that the earth is getting warmer year by year. 地球正在逐年变暖是一个事实。 It takes time to do sth 做某事花费……时间 It takes about two hours to drive from my home to the city center. 从我家开车到市中心大约需要两个小时。 It seems that+从句 似乎…… It seems that he has already known the truth about the accident. 他似乎已经知道了事故的真相。 It is said/believed/reported that+从句 据说/人们相信/据报道…… It is believed that regular exercise can help people live a longer life. 人们相信定期锻炼可以帮助人们活得更久。 知识点22 现在完成时的定义 1.过去开始+延续到现在；若现在已经不存在，是一般过去时 He has lived in Beijing for ten years. 他在北京生活十年了。 He lived in Beijing for ten years and moved to Hangzhou last week. 他在北京生活了十年，上周搬到了杭州。 2.过去发生+对现在有影响或联系；若与现在无关，是一般过去时 I have cleaned the room and it looks so tidy.我已经打扫房间了，看起来非常整洁。 I cleaned the room.我打扫了房间。 He ________ (break) his leg, so he cannot take part in the sports meeting. 句意：他摔断了腿，所以不能参加运动会了。“不能参加运动会”是过去“摔断腿”的影响，因此用现在完成时，主语是he，故填has broken。 知识点23 have been与have gone 短语 含义 要点 注意点 have been to “曾经去过某地”，已回 常有次数、never、ever、before等时间状语; 瞬间动作 have gone to “去了某地”，还未回 一般谈论第三人，不在说话者身边 瞬间动作 have been in “已在某地”或“去了某地”，还在那里 时间状语： for+一段时间；since+过去时间点/一般过去时从句；how long等时间状语； 延续动作 介词in/at/on由后面地点决定 My uncle ________ Canada for ten years and speaks English fluently. A.has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. has been in 句意：我叔叔在加拿大待了十年了，英语说得很流利。has been to曾经去过某地，已回；has gone to去了某地，未回；went to 去某地；has been in去了某地，还在那里。根据“for ten years”可知是延续动作，表示“在加拿大十年了”故选D。 知识点24 现在完成时常见的时间状语 1.for+一段时间，since+过去时间点/一般过去时句子 2.many times；never 3.ever；just；already；yet 4.in the past/last few years；over/during the years；in recent weeks 5.recently；in recent years 6.so far；up to now；till now；句末before 知识点25 现在完成时中使用延续动作的情况 现在完成时的肯定句中，若出现以下时间标志：for+一段时、since+一般过去时从句/过去时间点、how long，需使用延续动作。 延续动作与瞬间动作的常见转化有： become — be — have been buy — have — have had borrow — keep — have kept die — be dead — have been dead leave — be away from — have been away from get to/arrive/reach — be in/at — have been in/at catch a cold — have a cold — have had a cold marry/get married — be married — have been married start/begin — be on — have been on end/finish — be over — have been over come/go — be in/at — have been in/at come back/go back — be back — have been back join — be in/be a member of — have been in/have been a member of open/close — be open/closed — have been open/closed fall ill/fall asleep — be ill/asleep — have been ill/asleep 她因病离开学校已经一周了。 She ______________ school for a week because she was seriously ill. “离开”是关键词，“for a week”提示是现在完成时，且需用延续动作，be away from表示“离开……”，主语是she，助动词用has，故填has been away from。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）He ________ (suffer) from a heart illness for over 5 years. 【答案】has suffered 【详解】句意：他患心脏病已有超过五年的时间了。根据时间状语“for over 5 years”可知是现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，主语是he，助动词用has，suffer的过去分词是suffered。故填has suffered。 2．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）Tom and Linda __________ (marry) for ten years, but they never argue with each other. 【答案】have been married 【详解】句意：汤姆和琳达已经结婚十年了，但他们从不争吵。根据“for ten years”可知，“for+一段时间”常与现在完成时连用，其结构是：have/has+动词过去分词；分析题干和提示词可知，此处表示“已婚”的状态，应用短语be married，be的过去分词是been，主语“Tom and Linda”表示复数，所以助动词应用have。故填have been married。 3．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）Creativity as well as good grades ________ (be) what I really care about. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：创造力和好成绩一样，是我真正在乎的东西。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就远原则”，即与前面的主语（Creativity）保持一致。Creativity 是第三人称单数，且句子描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时，be动词用is。 4．（25-26八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）There are many clubs for us ________ (choose) from, such as the Sports Club and the Music Club. 【答案】to choose 【详解】句意：有很多俱乐部供我们选择，比如体育俱乐部和音乐俱乐部。“for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构（表示“供某人做某事”），所以此处用动词不定式“to choose”。故填to choose。 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期中）Many people are getting used to ________ (relax) themselves by seeing films these days. 【答案】relaxing 【详解】句意：如今许多人正习惯于通过看电影来放松自己。根据“Many people are getting used to... (relax) themselves by seeing films these days.”可知，此处考查固定短语“get used to doing sth.”，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式。因此，需将动词relax变为动名词relaxing，符合句子结构和语义要求。故填relaxing。 6．（22-23九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）We depend on the Internet so much that it’s hard for us to imagine ________ (live) a life without it. 【答案】living 【详解】句意：我们如此依赖互联网，以至于我们很难想象没有它的生活。根据“imagine”可知，考查imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，live的动名词形式为living。故填living。 7．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）We ________ (not lead) the team to success until we work hard together. 【答案】won’t lead 【详解】句意：直到我们一起努力，我们才能带领团队走向成功。在“not...until...”句型中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语We为复数，否定形式为won’t + 动词原形。 8．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）It’s also relaxing _________ (go) boating because of the black-headed gulls. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：因为有黑头鸥，划船也让人感到放松。此处为固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth”，该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，因此要用go的不定式形式to go。 9．（24-25八年级下·宁夏银川·期中）I was so ________ (scare) when I saw the snake. 【答案】scared 【详解】句意：当我看到蛇时，我感到非常害怕。空处位于“was”后，修饰“I”，填形容词作表语。scare“使惊恐”，动词，修饰人的形容词为scared“恐惧的”。故填scared。 10．（25-26八年级上·湖北武汉·期中）Mr Bumble was now a ________ (marry) man, and not a happy one. 【答案】married 【详解】句意：Bumble先生如今是个已婚男人，却过得并不开心。结合所给单词和语境可知，“man”是名词，前面需要用形容词来修饰，marry是动词，其形容词形式是married。故填married。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1、 短文填空 （24-25八年级下·江苏常州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In May, 2024, about 30 journalists (新闻工作者) from 14 European countries had a 15-day trip in China. They went to many places. One of the journalists once 1 (come) to China. He said he was so 2 (surprise) to see China’s great changes over the years. Thirty years ago, many places in China 3 (be) still poor. Some people even 4 (not have) enough food to eat. And 5 (pollute) was a serious problem. 6 , everything is different now. Clean streets and tall buildings are everywhere and people’s lives 7 (improve) a lot. Most Chinese are leading 8 happy life. The journalists also went to see the world’s 9 (long) cross-sea bridge—the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. They couldn’t believe their eyes when they saw the bridge. They all agree that China 10 (become) very beautiful and they are sure that China will be more beautiful in the future. 【答案】1．came 2．surprised 3．were 4．didn’t have 5．pollution 6．However 7．have improved 8．a 9．longest 10．has become 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2024年5月，来自14个欧洲国家的约30名新闻工作者在中国15天的旅行经历，展现了中国这些年的变化。 1．句意：其中一名新闻工作者曾经来过中国。根据“once (曾经)”可知，句子用一般过去时，come的过去式是came。故填came。 2．句意：他说看到中国这些年的巨大变化他很惊讶。“be surprised to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“做某事很惊讶”，surprise的形容词形式“surprised (修饰人)”符合语境，意为“惊讶的”。故填surprised。 3．句意：三十年前，中国的很多地方仍然很贫穷。根据“Thirty years ago”可知，该句应用一般过去时，主语“many places”是复数，故be动词用were。故填were。 4．句意：一些人甚至没有足够的食物吃。根据“Thirty years ago”可知，句子用一般过去时，否定形式借助助动词didn’t，后接动词原形have。故填didn’t have。 5．句意：并且污染是个严重的问题。根据“And ... was a serious problem.”可知，此处作主语，要用pollute的名词形式pollution，意为“污染”，不可数名词。故填pollution。 6．句意：然而，现在一切都不同了。根据前文说过去的情况，本句“everything is different now”说现在不同可知，此处应是转折关系，且有逗号隔开，用 However，意为“然而”。故填However。 7．句意：干净的街道和高楼到处都是，人们的生活已经改善了很多。强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语“people’s lives”是复数，助动词用have，improve的过去分词是improved。故填have improved。 8．句意：大多数中国人正过着幸福的生活。“lead a ... life”是固定短语，意为“过着……的生活”，happy 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。故填a。 9．句意：这些新闻工作者还去看了世界上最长的跨海大桥——港珠澳大桥。根据常识和“the world’s”表示比较范围可知，此处要用long的最高级形式longest修饰“cross-sea bridge”，意为“最长的”。故填longest。 10．句意：他们都认同中国已经变得非常美丽，并且他们确信中国未来会更美丽。强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。主语是“China”，助动词用has，become的过去分词是become。故填has become。 2、 阅读理解 （24-25八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space? For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet! Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work, too. Traveling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation. Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the ship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with these bodily wastes. Even breathing creates an output carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. However, plants have other input needs. If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks-the banana peel. See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space? How can you plan your actions on earth to have the least influence on the environment and your future? Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 11．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．It’s challenging to travel in space. B．It’s boring to live on the moon. C．It’s relaxing to stare at the stars. D．It’s difficult to be an astronaut. 12．What do we know about the input in space? A．It will make astronauts sleepy. B．It only means things to eat and drink. C．It is quite important to astronauts. D．It can help astronauts deal with rubbish. 13．Which of the following is an “output” according to paragraph 3? A．Some cookies. B．Food and water. C．Your oxygen mask. D．The empty cookie box. 14．What does the 4th paragraph mainly talk about? A．The reason why breathing creates an output. B．A way to plant a banana tree in space successfully. C．The reason why plants depend on carbon dioxide. D．A way to deal with carbon dioxide in the spaceship. 15．What can be the best title for the passage? A．How to prepare for a trip to outer space B．How to deal with wastes in the spaceship C．Differences between inputs and outputs D．Different ways to deal with wastes in space 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．D 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了太空旅行的注意事项。 11．推理判断题。根据“Traveling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation.”可知，去太空旅行具有挑战性。故选A。 12． 推理判断题。根据“You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen.”可知，在太空输入对宇航员来说很重要。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty?”可知，空的饼干盒属于“输出”。故选D。 14．主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要说明了植物作为处理二氧化碳的一种潜在方式。故选D。 15． 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了太空旅行的注意事项，A选项“如何为外太空之旅做准备”为最佳标题。故选A。 3、 阅读还原 （24-25八年级下·江苏南通·期末）Velvet flowers (绒花) making, created in Tang Dynasty, is a traditional and famous art in Nanjing. 16 So, it was widely used during some important events. 17 Luckily, more and more young craftsmen (手艺人) are trying to save it. Murong Yi is one of them. Recently, she shared a video of making a velvet flower online and the video soon got many likes. 18 For beginners, it’s still a big challenge. Murong at first tried to learn from online videos. 19 Finally, she found a one-hour TV program. An inheritor (传承人) carefully showed how to make velvet flowers in it. Buying materials is another problem. Velvet flowers making needs copper wires (铜线). One key step is to choose the size. Even one millimeter (一毫米) will lead to a different shape. 20 . When Murong grew as a skilled craftsman, she opened an online store to sell the materials and her products. By doing this, Murong hoped more people would love velvet flowers making. A．Velvet flowers making was an endangered (濒危的) folk art. B．Ancient people would wear velvet flowers on their heads. C．With little experience, Murong had to learn from failures and tried again and again. D．The Chinese pronunciation of velvet flowers, ronghua, is similar to another expression with good meaning. E．“I started to learn about it five or six years ago from some TV shows, but I found it’s useless,” she said. F．Murong’s artwork was made of 4,000 pieces of cocoon fiber (蚕丝) in 12 days, but generally, it only takes two to three days to make a common one. 【答案】16．D 17．A 18．F 19．E 20．C 【导语】本文介绍了南京的非遗艺术——绒花制作。 16．根据“Velvet flowers (绒花) making, created in Tang Dynasty, is a traditional and famous art in Nanjing.”以及后文提到的“important events”可知，此处应说明绒花在古代的重要地位和象征意义，D项“‘绒花’的发音与一个寓意吉祥的词相近”解释了它的文化价值，符合语境，故选D。 17．根据“Luckily, more and more young craftsmen (手艺人) …”可知，前一句应描述绒花技艺濒临消失，A项“绒花制作是一种濒危的民间艺术”引出“年轻人正在尝试传承”，符合语境，故选A。 18．根据“she shared a video of making a velvet flower online and the video soon got many likes.”可知此处应具体说明视频中绒花作品的特别之处，F项“她的作品用了4000根蚕丝，花了12天，而普通的只需2到3天”符合语境，故选F。 19．根据“Murong at first tried to learn from online videos.”可知此处应提到她遇到的困难，E项“我五六年前从电视节目中开始学，但发现没什么用”与“tried to learn”形成呼应，故选E。 20．根据前文“Buying materials is another problem. Velvet flowers making needs copper wires (铜线). One key step is to choose the size. Even one millimeter (一毫米) will lead to a different shape.”可知，此处与慕容克服买材料的问题的历程有关，C项“经验少的慕容只能反复试错，从失败中学习”呼应上下文，符合语境，故选C。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·江苏南京·期中）You can’t deeply experience Chengdu if you don’t prepare to do anything. Sit on a bamboo chair, stretch (伸展) your feet out and let the afternoon slow away. Listen to hot water being poured into teacups. Taste melon seeds (瓜子) or boiled peanuts. And teahouses are the right places for you and should always be on your must-go list. Sichuan is one of China’s major tea-producing regions. Chengdu was famous for its teahouses as early as the Tang Dynasty. For centuries, teahouses were places for fun and tea. There, customers can enjoy storytelling, music and especially Sichuan Opera. That is not a popular art form these days, but Yuehai Teahouse beside Jinjiang Theatre still arranges operas every Saturday afternoon. You will find most of Chengdu’s traditional teahouses in parks. Heming Teahouse in Renmin Park attracts lunchtime office workers and afternoon visitors. When noise gets too much because of more visitors, move on to Shaocheng Teahouse in the same park. Visitors there are older and quieter. They bring songbirds, hanging their cages in trees, and have fun. However, new-style teahouses have opened to attract the younger generation. They want to taste traditional tea in a more modern style. The most famous one of them is Mi Xun Teahouse in Taikoo Li, which is right in the city’s most fashionable shopping area. As in all teahouses, the tea comes in separate packets which can be kept warm. Maofeng green tea from Mount Emei, southwest of Chengdu, is the traditional favourite. Pour the leaves into your cup. Don’t let the water level in your cup get too low, since any bad taste from the leaves is left on the bottom. You can enjoy your tea all afternoon and order nothing else. In Chengdu teahouses, people relax themselves by staying away from busy work and life. The capital of Sichuan is developing fast too, but it has managed to keep its slower style that has been lost in many other Chinese cities. 1．The first paragraph leads into the topic by ________ . A．telling a story B．creating a scene C．giving a reason D．asking a question 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The main types of teahouses. B．The address of teahouses. C．Different visitors to teahouses. D．Some activities in teahouses. 3．Which is the best way to divide the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了成都的茶馆文化，包括茶馆的历史、传统与新式茶馆的特点、饮茶方式，以及茶馆作为成都慢生活象征的意义。 【详解】1．第一段“Sit on a bamboo chair, stretch your feet out and let the afternoon slow away. Listen to hot water being poured into teacups. Taste melon seeds or boiled peanuts.”，第一段通过描写坐在竹椅上、听倒水声、嗑瓜子等场景，营造出成都茶馆的氛围，属于creating a scene（创设场景），而非讲故事、给理由或提问题。 2．第三段“You will find most of Chengdu's traditional teahouses in parks… However, new-style teahouses have opened to attract the younger generation.”，第三段既介绍了人民公园内的传统茶馆（鹤鸣茶社、少城茶社），也提到了吸引年轻人的新式茶馆（MI XUN茶社），核心是介绍茶馆的主要类型。 3．全文五个段落的结构逻辑，第一段：引出成都茶馆主题；第二段：介绍茶馆历史与传统活动；第三段：介绍传统与新式茶馆的类型；第四段：介绍成都茶馆的饮茶方式；第五段：总结茶馆对成都慢生活的意义，文章结构为：总起（①）→分述（②-④：历史、类型、饮茶方式）→总结（⑤），与选项A的“首尾总起总结，中间分述”结构一致。 二、完形填空 （24-25九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）Avery and I are good friends, but once something unpleasant happened when we both tried for roles (角色) in Alice in Wonderland. Avery really 4 to be Alice and l was sure she could get the role. However, I was picked to be Alice and Avery only got the part of the March Hare. “Do you want to practice together with me?” I asked. “Sorry, I’m busy this week,” said Avery, 5 looking at me. “And I will be always busy.” That night at dinner, my parents noticed I was not that 6 about getting the lead role. They wondered what happened. “Well, Avery was not picked to be Alice, but I was. She was unhappy. Maybe she will throw away our 7 .” My father said, “Don’t worry about it. I think this is a 8 for you to be an extra good friend.” “Dad’s right,” said my mother. “Sometimes 9 our friends do well, we may have feelings of envy and don’t know how to act. Try giving her a little time, space and understanding, and she will change her mind soon.” Over the next week, I tried my best to give Avery some 10 . Then one day, on the way to our practice, I met her. I just want to say, “you’re such a great actor when acting as the March Hare.” I smiled. She seemed happy and 11 how she understood the role. When I asked her to help me with my role, she agreed and smiled, too. She 12 said sorry to me for acting that way at first. Later, we became closer to each other. I’ve learned that people often have a 13 time dealing with envy and disappointment (失望). If you have similar experiences, you could try taking my parents’ advice. Give your friend a little time, space and understanding. This might be the perfect time to be an extra-good friend. 4. A．promised B．hoped C．forgot D．chose 5．A．till B．from C．like D．without 6．A．excited B．careful C．nervous D．worried 7．A．energy B．treasure C．friendship D．courage 8．A．game B．chance C．story D．dream 9．A．before B．until C．when D．since 10．A．advice B．space C．fun D．trouble 11．A．faced B．missed C．explained D．supported 12．A．even B．never C．almost D．seldom 13．A．smart B．careless C．easy D．difficult 【答案】 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和好朋友在出演《爱丽丝梦游仙境》时发生了不愉快的事，最后两人又和好的经过。 【详解】4．句意：艾弗里真的很想扮演爱丽丝，我确信她能得到这个角色。 promised承诺；hoped希望；forgot忘记；chose选择。根据“and l was sure she could get the role.”可知，艾弗里希望可以扮演爱丽丝。故选B。 5．句意：“对不起，我这周很忙。”艾弗里说，没有看我一眼。 till直到；from从；like像；without没有。根据下文“Avery was not picked to be Alice, but I was. She was unhappy. Maybe she will throw away our ... .”可知，她很不开心，说话时没有看作者。故选D。 6．句意：那天晚上吃饭的时候，我父母注意到我对得到主角并没有那么激动。 excited激动的；careful细心的；nervous紧张的；worried担忧的。根据空后“about getting the lead role”可知，父母认为我得到当主角的机会应该是“激动的”。故选A。 7．句意：也许她会抛弃我们的友谊。 energy能量；treasure宝藏；friendship友谊；courage勇气。根据前文“Avery and I are good friends”和“Well, Avery was not picked to be Alice, but I was. She was unhappy.”可知，作者认为艾弗里或许会抛弃她们的友谊。故选C。 8．句意：我认为这是你成为一个特别好的朋友的机会。 game游戏；chance机会；story故事；dream梦想。 a chance for sb to do sth“一个某人做某事的机会”。故选B。 9．句意：有时候，当我们的朋友做得很好时，我们可能会嫉妒，不知道该怎么做。 before在……之前；until直到；when当……时候；since自从。根据“our friends do well”和“we may have feelings of envy and don’t know how to act”可知，前后句是时间关系，表示“当我们的朋友做得很好时，我们可能会嫉妒，不知道该怎么做”，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 10．句意：接下来的一周，我尽力给艾弗里一些空间。 advice建议；space空间；fun乐趣；trouble麻烦。根据上文“Try giving her a little time, space and understanding, and she will change her mind soon.”和选项可知，此处是指空间。故选B。 11．句意：她看起来很开心，并解释了她是如何理解这个角色的。 faced面对；missed错过；explained解释；supported支持。根据空后“how she understood the role”可知，解释她对角色的理解。故选C。 12．句意：她甚至为一开始的行为向我道歉。 even甚至；never从不；almost几乎；seldom很少。根据前文“When I asked her to help me with my role, she agreed and smiled, too.”和空后“said sorry to me for acting that way at first”可知，此空应填副词even，表示递进。故选A。 13．句意：我了解到人们通常很难处理嫉妒和失望。 smart聪明的；careless粗心的；easy很好的；difficult困难的。根据“dealing with envy and disappointment”可知，处理嫉妒和失望是很困难的；have a difficult time doing sth做某事很困难。故选D。 1/1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 1~2（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握used to，a wealth of，as well as等短语。 2. 理解it作形式主语的常见句型。 3. 掌握since，until引导时间状语涉及的时态，no matter引导让步状语从句的用法等。 4. 掌握现在完成时中涉及的考点。 复习难点： 1. 现在完成时中have been与have gone的区别。 2. 现在完成时中延续动词与瞬间动词的转化。 考情规律 单词填空：侧重本单元短语中涉及的非谓语动词的运用、现在完成时的运用。 语法填空：侧重语法的综合运用，特别是现在完成时。 阅读理解：侧重推理判断和文章整体把握（篇章结构、主旨大意）。 知识点1 used to modal v. 曾经。后接动词原形，used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”。 He used to be afraid of speaking in public, but now he is a teacher. 他过去害怕在公众面前讲话，但现在他是一名老师。 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 I used to play the piano when I was a child. be/get used to sth 习惯某物 You will soon get used to your new school life. be/get used to doing 习惯做某事 I am used to getting up at six o'clock every morning. be used to do sth 被用来做某事 This knife is used to cut vegetables in the kitchen. Smartphones are used to _______ for things, and most people are used to ______ them for shopping. A.pay, use B. paying, use C. pay, using D. paying, using 知识点2 as well as 除……之外，也，还。A as well as B作主语时，遵循“就前一致/就远”原则，即由A决定谓语动词单复数 The manager as well as the workers has agreed to the new plan. 经理和工人们都同意了新计划。 not only A but also B 作主语，遵循“就近”原则，即由B决定谓语动词单复数。 Not only the students but also the teacher was moved by the movie.不仅学生们，老师也被这部电影感动了。 as well“也”，用于句末；not only ... but also...可以转化为not only ... but ... as well，表示“不仅如此，而且……”。 The movie was not only exciting but educational as well. 这部电影不仅刺激，而且有教育意义。 The head coach as well as all the team members ________ (train) hard for the championship these days. 知识点3 speed n. 速度。常考查相关单词或短语： 1. high-speed adj. 高速的 I always take the high-speed train when I travel to Nanjing. 我去南京旅行时，总是坐高铁。 2. at a speed of 以……速度 The high-speed train travels at a speed of over 350 kilometers per hour. 这趟高铁以每小时超过350公里的速度行驶。 3. at full/low/high speed 全速/低速/高速 The train rushed through the tunnel at full speed. 火车全速冲过隧道。 When getting close to the station, the high-speed train slows down and moves ______ low speed for safety. A. a B. the C. / 知识点4 electric adj. 电动的、带电的。 Electric cars are becoming more and more popular around the world. 电动汽车在全世界越来越受欢迎。 electric、electrical、electricity与electronic的区别 单词 词性 含义 举例 electric 形容词 电动的、带电的 an electric fan 电动风扇 electrical 形容词 电气相关的 an electrical engineer 电器工程师 electricity 名词 电、电能 save electricity 节约用电 electronic 形容词 电子的 an electronic dictionary 电子词典 An _________ bicycle is a convenient way to travel around a crowded city. A.electricity B. electric C. electronic D. electrical 知识点5 lead vt. & vi. 引领、领导。过去式与过去分词均为led。常见短语如下： 1. lead to 导致，可以同义替换为cause Eating too much junk food and lack of exercise can lead to serious health problems. 吃太多垃圾食品和缺乏锻炼会导致严重的健康问题。 2. lead sb to sp 把某人带到某地 A policeman led the lost boy to his parents at the station. 一位警察把迷路的男孩带到车站他父母那里。 3. lead sb to do sth 引导/促使某人做某事 My interest in science led me to join the robotics club. 我对科学的兴趣促使我加入了机器人社团。 4. lead a ... life 过着……的生活 Many people dream of leading a simple life away from the noisy city. 许多人梦想着远离喧嚣的城市，过着简单的生活。 大雨已导致市中心出现严重的交通问题。 The heavy rain ______________ serious traffic problems in the city center 知识点6 since 作连词，有两种用法： 1. 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然、因为”，表示已知的、显而易见的原因，语气比because弱，通常在句首。 Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting now. 既然大家都到了，我们现在开始开会吧。 2. 引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 My little sister has learned more than 500 English words since I joined the club. 自从加入俱乐部以来，我妹妹已经学了500多个英语单词。 现在完成时中since后for的用法区别 since 后接一般过去时从句、过去时间点 since we moved here；since 1990；since 5 weeks ago for 后接时间段 for 5 years ________ you are tired, you should take a short rest before continuing. A.After B. While C. Although D. Since 知识点7 common adj. 普遍的；共同的，修饰名词，常见短语有：common sense常识；common interest共同兴趣 It is common sense that people with a common interest often become good friends. 有共同兴趣的人往往能成为好朋友，这是常识。 common的实用短语表达： in common 共同；共有 have … in common 有共同之处 have a lot in common 有很多共同点 have nothing in common 毫无共同之处 Although we come from different countries, we share a lot ________ when it comes to music and food. A.in common B. after all C. all in one D. at first 知识点8 a wealth of 大量的，丰富的。后接不可数名词/复数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，与of后的名词无关。 The museum has a wealth of ancient paintings from different dynasties. 这座博物馆收藏了大量来自不同朝代的古代画作。 wealth是不可数名词。意为“财富”，其形容词是wealthy，意为“富有的”。 If a wealthy person is not happy, his wealth loses its meaning. 一个富有的人如果不快乐，他的财富也就失去了意义。 a wealth of、a number of与plenty of 类似短语 含义 用法 作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式 a wealth of 大量的、丰富的 后接不可数名词/复数名词 wealth决定谓语是单数 a number of 一些、许多 后接复数名词 谓语用复数 plenty of 充足的、大量的 后接不可数名词/复数名词 of后的名词决定谓语单复数 The old man has ________ life experience from traveling around the world. A.a number of B. a wealth of C. a few D. a type of 知识点9 prefer 1. prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事（长期的、习惯性的） I prefer reading books at home on weekends. 周末我更喜欢在家看书。 2. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事、更喜欢做某事（一次性的、当下的选择） She prefers to stay at home rather than go out in such bad weather. 这么糟糕的天气，她宁愿待在家里也不出去。 3. prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A Most students prefer summer to winter because of the long vacation. 大多数学生比起冬天更喜欢夏天，因为暑假长。 4. prefer doing A to doing B 比起做事情B更喜欢做事情A I prefer playing basketball to watching TV after school. 放学后我更喜欢打篮球而不是看电视。 5. prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做事情A也不做事情B She prefers to walk home rather than take a taxi. 她宁愿走路回家也不坐出租车。 1. prefer的过去式与过去分词需双写r，为preferred。 2. prefer to do/prefer doing后若再出现不定式，可能是目的状语，需分清句子结构 I prefer staying at home on weekends to relax and read my favorite novels. 我更喜欢周末待在家里，以放松和阅读我最喜欢的小说。 Most teenagers prefer chatting with friends online to ________ (spend) time reading books in the library. 知识点10 scare vt. 使害怕，后接名词或代词。scare sb使某人害怕，吓唬某人 The sudden knock on the door scared the cat under the sofa. 突然的敲门声把猫吓得躲到了沙发底下。 类似的动词有：surprise使惊讶；worry使担心；excite使激动；frighten使惊吓，这些词后可直接加名词或代词。 The bad news worried her. 这个坏消息让她担心。 scare与scary、scared 单词 词性 用法 scare 动词 scare sb吓唬某人 scary 形容词 “吓人的、令人害怕的”，修饰物 scared 形容词 “感到害怕的”，修饰人 The _______ exam _______ all students. _______ faces filled the classroom. (scare) 知识点11 rich adj. 大量含有；丰富多彩的；富有的。常考查的短语如下： 1. the rich富人，作主语看作复数 Not all the rich live a happy life because money cannot buy true friendship or love. 并非所有富人都过得幸福，因为金钱买不到真正的友谊或爱。 2. rich experience 丰富的经验；rich culture 深厚的文化 Traveling to different countries can give us a rich experience of life. 去不同国家旅行能带给我们丰富的人生体验。 3. be rich in…富含……；盛产…… This area is rich in natural resources such as oil, coal, and many kinds of metals. 这个地区富含石油、煤炭和多种金属等自然资源。 Oranges are _______ vitamin C, which is very important for keeping our body healthy. A.rich in B. famous as C. full of D. similar to 知识点12 choice n. 选择，可数名词。关于choice的常见句型有： 1. have no choice but to do sth别无选择，只能做某事 The heavy rain destroyed their tent, so they had no choice but to ask for help. 大雨毁掉了他们的帐篷，他们别无选择，只能求助。 2. It’s a good choice to do sth. 做某事是个好主意 It's a good choice to take a walk after dinner. 晚饭后散步是个好主意。 choice的动词形式是choose，过去式与过去分词是chosen。常见实用短语有： 1. choose to do sth 选择做某事 Why did you choose to become a teacher instead of a doctor like your father? 你为什么选择成为一名老师，而不是像你父亲那样当医生？ 2. be chosen as 被选为 He was chosen as the leader of the school basketball team because of his skills. 他因为球技出色被选为学校篮球队的队长。 3. be chosen to do sth被选中做某事 Three students were chosen to take part in the science experiment. 三名学生被选中去参与科学实验。 Boys and girls, the _______ (choose) you make today will greatly influence your future. 知识点13 abroad adv. 在国外, 到国外。地点副词，不需要加介词。 1. home and abroad国内外，海内外 Tourists from home and abroad come to visit the Great Wall during the National Day holiday. 国庆假期期间，国内外游客都来参观长城。 2. study abroad出国留学。 Studying abroad is not easy because you have to face language problems and cultural differences. 出国留学并不容易，因为你必须面对语言问题和文化差异。 abroad不要与aboard“在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上”混淆，注意拼写。 关于这项新政策的新闻引起了国内外的广泛关注。 The news about the new policy has attracted wide attention _________________. 知识点14 admire vt. 欣赏；钦佩。常见短语有： 1. admire sb for sth因某事钦佩/赞赏某人 I admire my mother for her patience and kindness. 我钦佩我母亲的耐心和善良。 2. admire the view/scenery 欣赏风景 Tourists stopped on the bridge to admire the scenery. 游客们在桥上停下来欣赏风景。 3. greatly/deeply/highly admire 非常/深深/高度钦佩 I greatly admire my father for his hard work and honesty. 我非常钦佩父亲的勤奋和诚实。 I deeply _______ my teacher _______ her patience and encouragement when we face difficulties. A.advise, to B. admire, for C. tell, about D. provide, with 知识点15 imagine vt. & vi. 想象。后接宾语从句或动名词。 1. imagine+(that) 从句 想象…… Can you imagine that one day humans will be able to live on the moon? 你能想象有一天人类能够在月球上生活吗？ 2. imagine doing sth想象做某事 I can't imagine living in a world without music or art. 我无法想象生活在一个没有音乐和艺术的世界里。 imagine常见词性变化有： 1. imaginative adj. 富有想象力的，有创造力的 2. imaginary adj. 想象中的，虚构的，非真实存在的 3. imagination n. 想象（力）, 幻想物, 创造力 Just imagine ________ (travel) around the world with the people you love most. 知识点16 until prep. & conj. 到……时，直到……为止。until作为连词，常见用法如下： 1. 当主句是延续性动词时，主句是肯定句 The children played in the park until it got dark outside. 孩子们一直在公园里玩，直到外面天黑了。 2. 当主句是瞬间动作时，主句是否定句，即not...until，表示“直到……才” I didn't know the truth until you told me about it yesterday. 我直到昨天你告诉我才知道真相。 3. until引导时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现、主过从过”原则 I will wait here until you come back from the supermarket. 我会在这里等你，直到你从超市回来。 He didn't start his homework until his father came back from work. 他直到爸爸下班回来才开始做作业。 若用于一问一答的句子中，回答省略主语，如有not，not不能省略 —How long did you stay at the office? —Until the meeting ended. ——你待在办公室多久？——一直待到会议结束。 —When will you go to bed tonight? —Not until I finish my homework. ——你今晚什么时候睡觉？——直到做完作业才睡。 She _________ (not go) to bed until she finishes reading the whole story book tonight. 知识点17 marry vt. & vi. 结婚，嫁，娶，常考用法如下： 1. A marry B A嫁/娶B。瞬间动作 My uncle married a woman from France. 我叔叔娶了一个法国女人。 2. A and B marry A与B结婚。瞬间动作 Uncle Tom and Aunt Alice married in 1998. Tom叔叔和Alice婶婶于1998年结婚。 3. A get married to B/A and B get married A与B结婚。瞬间动作 My sister got married to a man she met while studying in the United States. 我姐姐嫁给了一个她在美国留学时认识的男人。 She got married to a doctor. 她嫁给了一位医生。 4. A be married to B/A and B are married A与B结婚。延续动作 He has been married to his college classmate since they graduated in 2010. 他自2010年大学毕业起就和大学同学结婚了。 They have been married for thirty years. 他们已经结婚三十年了。 married是形容词，表示“已婚的”。 1. get married与be married后可接介词to 2. marry后不可接介词 3. be married是延续动作；marry/get married是瞬间动作，不能与since/for/how long连用 My aunt has _________ a French man for fifteen years and lives in Paris. A.got married to B. been married C. been married to D. married 知识点18 There was often rubbish lying in the streets.街道上常常堆满垃圾。 There are more places for people to have fun now.如今人们有更多地方可以娱乐消遣。 There be句型的考查点： 就近原则 be动词由离得近的名词决定 一般将来时 there will be, there is/are going to be 现在完成时 there have/has been 不定式与被修饰名词是动宾关系 there be sth to do有某事要做 There are three letters to write and send to my friends this weekend. write and send与letters是动宾关系 现在分词与被修饰名词是主谓关系 there be sb doing有某人在做某事 There is a man waiting for you at the gate of the school right now. man与wait是主谓关系 There is nothing ________ (worry) about because everything is going well so far. 知识点19 Now great changes have taken place in the village. 如今，这个村庄发生了巨大的变化。 1.take place“发生”，不及物动词，后不能接名词作宾语，只能时间地点作状语 The sports meeting will take place next Friday on the playground. 运动会将于下周五在操场上举行。 2.take place不使用被动形式 The accident took place at the crossroads. 事故发生在十字路口。 自从新的音乐厅开放以来，我们学校举办了许多精彩的音乐会。 Many wonderful concerts ________________ in our school since the new music hall opened. 知识点20 No matter where you stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of you.无论你站在哪里，眼前总能呈现一幅完美的画面 no matter“无论……”，引导让步状语从句，后面常接what, who, when, where, how等疑问词。 No matter what happens, I will always be there for you. 无论发生什么，我都会一直在你身边。 No matter how hard the problem is, never give up trying to solve it. 无论问题有多难，永远不要放弃解决它。 _______ who asks you for help, try your best to be kind. A.No doubt B. No problem C. No longer D. No matter 知识点21 It is a good way to enjoy the old-time feel there.这是感受那里旧时氛围的好方法。 It is important for us to remember those heroes.记住那些英雄对我们来说很重要。 it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式；第一句中it指代不定式to enjoy；第二句中it指代to remember。It is后可接名词、形容词、从句。 it is adj to do sth 做某事是……的 It is dangerous to swim alone in the deep river without any adults. 没有大人陪同独自在深河里游泳很危险。 it is n. to do sth 做某事是…… It is a good habit to read books for at least thirty minutes every day. 每天至少读书三十分钟是一个好习惯。 it is adj that+从句 ……是……的 It is clear that he has made great progress in English this term. 他这学期在英语上取得了很大进步，这是很明显的。 it is n that+从句 ……是…… It is a fact that the earth is getting warmer year by year. 地球正在逐年变暖是一个事实。 It takes time to do sth 做某事花费……时间 It takes about two hours to drive from my home to the city center. 从我家开车到市中心大约需要两个小时。 It seems that+从句 似乎…… It seems that he has already known the truth about the accident. 他似乎已经知道了事故的真相。 It is said/believed/reported that+从句 据说/人们相信/据报道…… It is believed that regular exercise can help people live a longer life. 人们相信定期锻炼可以帮助人们活得更久。 知识点22 现在完成时的定义 1.过去开始+延续到现在；若现在已经不存在，是一般过去时 He has lived in Beijing for ten years. 他在北京生活十年了。 He lived in Beijing for ten years and moved to Hangzhou last week. 他在北京生活了十年，上周搬到了杭州。 2.过去发生+对现在有影响或联系；若与现在无关，是一般过去时 I have cleaned the room and it looks so tidy.我已经打扫房间了，看起来非常整洁。 I cleaned the room.我打扫了房间。 He ________ (break) his leg, so he cannot take part in the sports meeting. 知识点23 have been与have gone 短语 含义 要点 注意点 have been to “曾经去过某地”，已回 常有次数、never、ever、before等时间状语; 瞬间动作 have gone to “去了某地”，还未回 一般谈论第三人，不在说话者身边 瞬间动作 have been in “已在某地”或“去了某地”，还在那里 时间状语： for+一段时间；since+过去时间点/一般过去时从句；how long等时间状语； 延续动作 介词in/at/on由后面地点决定 My uncle ________ Canada for ten years and speaks English fluently. A.has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. has been in 知识点24 现在完成时常见的时间状语 1.for+一段时间，since+过去时间点/一般过去时句子 2.many times；never 3.ever；just；already；yet 4.in the past/last few years；over/during the years；in recent weeks 5.recently；in recent years 6.so far；up to now；till now；句末before 知识点25 现在完成时中使用延续动作的情况 现在完成时的肯定句中，若出现以下时间标志：for+一段时、since+一般过去时从句/过去时间点、how long，需使用延续动作。 延续动作与瞬间动作的常见转化有： become — be — have been buy — have — have had borrow — keep — have kept die — be dead — have been dead leave — be away from — have been away from get to/arrive/reach — be in/at — have been in/at catch a cold — have a cold — have had a cold marry/get married — be married — have been married start/begin — be on — have been on end/finish — be over — have been over come/go — be in/at — have been in/at come back/go back — be back — have been back join — be in/be a member of — have been in/have been a member of open/close — be open/closed — have been open/closed fall ill/fall asleep — be ill/asleep — have been ill/asleep 她因病离开学校已经一周了。 She ______________ school for a week because she was seriously ill. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）He ________ (suffer) from a heart illness for over 5 years. 2．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）Tom and Linda __________ (marry) for ten years, but they never argue with each other. 3．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）Creativity as well as good grades ________ (be) what I really care about. 4．（25-26八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）There are many clubs for us ________ (choose) from, such as the Sports Club and the Music Club. 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期中）Many people are getting used to ________ (relax) themselves by seeing films these days. 6．（22-23九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）We depend on the Internet so much that it’s hard for us to imagine ________ (live) a life without it. 7．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）We ________ (not lead) the team to success until we work hard together. 8．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）It’s also relaxing _________ (go) boating because of the black-headed gulls. 9．（24-25八年级下·宁夏银川·期中）I was so ________ (scare) when I saw the snake. 10．（25-26八年级上·湖北武汉·期中）Mr Bumble was now a ________ (marry) man, and not a happy one. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 1、 短文填空 （24-25八年级下·江苏常州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In May, 2024, about 30 journalists (新闻工作者) from 14 European countries had a 15-day trip in China. They went to many places. One of the journalists once 1 (come) to China. He said he was so 2 (surprise) to see China’s great changes over the years. Thirty years ago, many places in China 3 (be) still poor. Some people even 4 (not have) enough food to eat. And 5 (pollute) was a serious problem. 6 , everything is different now. Clean streets and tall buildings are everywhere and people’s lives 7 (improve) a lot. Most Chinese are leading 8 happy life. The journalists also went to see the world’s 9 (long) cross-sea bridge—the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. They couldn’t believe their eyes when they saw the bridge. They all agree that China 10 (become) very beautiful and they are sure that China will be more beautiful in the future. 2、 阅读理解 （24-25八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space? For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut. Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet! Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work, too. Traveling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation. Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the ship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty? Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with these bodily wastes. Even breathing creates an output carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. However, plants have other input needs. If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks-the banana peel. See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space? How can you plan your actions on earth to have the least influence on the environment and your future? Not only do you have to think about all the things you’ll need, you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the wastes they may create. 11．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．It’s challenging to travel in space. B．It’s boring to live on the moon. C．It’s relaxing to stare at the stars. D．It’s difficult to be an astronaut. 12．What do we know about the input in space? A．It will make astronauts sleepy. B．It only means things to eat and drink. C．It is quite important to astronauts. D．It can help astronauts deal with rubbish. 13．Which of the following is an “output” according to paragraph 3? A．Some cookies. B．Food and water. C．Your oxygen mask. D．The empty cookie box. 14．What does the 4th paragraph mainly talk about? A．The reason why breathing creates an output. B．A way to plant a banana tree in space successfully. C．The reason why plants depend on carbon dioxide. D．A way to deal with carbon dioxide in the spaceship. 15．What can be the best title for the passage? A．How to prepare for a trip to outer space B．How to deal with wastes in the spaceship C．Differences between inputs and outputs D．Different ways to deal with wastes in space 3、 阅读还原 （24-25八年级下·江苏南通·期末）Velvet flowers (绒花) making, created in Tang Dynasty, is a traditional and famous art in Nanjing. 16 So, it was widely used during some important events. 17 Luckily, more and more young craftsmen (手艺人) are trying to save it. Murong Yi is one of them. Recently, she shared a video of making a velvet flower online and the video soon got many likes. 18 For beginners, it’s still a big challenge. Murong at first tried to learn from online videos. 19 Finally, she found a one-hour TV program. An inheritor (传承人) carefully showed how to make velvet flowers in it. Buying materials is another problem. Velvet flowers making needs copper wires (铜线). One key step is to choose the size. Even one millimeter (一毫米) will lead to a different shape. 20 . When Murong grew as a skilled craftsman, she opened an online store to sell the materials and her products. By doing this, Murong hoped more people would love velvet flowers making. A．Velvet flowers making was an endangered (濒危的) folk art. B．Ancient people would wear velvet flowers on their heads. C．With little experience, Murong had to learn from failures and tried again and again. D．The Chinese pronunciation of velvet flowers, ronghua, is similar to another expression with good meaning. E．“I started to learn about it five or six years ago from some TV shows, but I found it’s useless,” she said. F．Murong’s artwork was made of 4,000 pieces of cocoon fiber (蚕丝) in 12 days, but generally, it only takes two to three days to make a common one. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·江苏南京·期中）You can’t deeply experience Chengdu if you don’t prepare to do anything. Sit on a bamboo chair, stretch (伸展) your feet out and let the afternoon slow away. Listen to hot water being poured into teacups. Taste melon seeds (瓜子) or boiled peanuts. And teahouses are the right places for you and should always be on your must-go list. Sichuan is one of China’s major tea-producing regions. Chengdu was famous for its teahouses as early as the Tang Dynasty. For centuries, teahouses were places for fun and tea. There, customers can enjoy storytelling, music and especially Sichuan Opera. That is not a popular art form these days, but Yuehai Teahouse beside Jinjiang Theatre still arranges operas every Saturday afternoon. You will find most of Chengdu’s traditional teahouses in parks. Heming Teahouse in Renmin Park attracts lunchtime office workers and afternoon visitors. When noise gets too much because of more visitors, move on to Shaocheng Teahouse in the same park. Visitors there are older and quieter. They bring songbirds, hanging their cages in trees, and have fun. However, new-style teahouses have opened to attract the younger generation. They want to taste traditional tea in a more modern style. The most famous one of them is Mi Xun Teahouse in Taikoo Li, which is right in the city’s most fashionable shopping area. As in all teahouses, the tea comes in separate packets which can be kept warm. Maofeng green tea from Mount Emei, southwest of Chengdu, is the traditional favourite. Pour the leaves into your cup. Don’t let the water level in your cup get too low, since any bad taste from the leaves is left on the bottom. You can enjoy your tea all afternoon and order nothing else. In Chengdu teahouses, people relax themselves by staying away from busy work and life. The capital of Sichuan is developing fast too, but it has managed to keep its slower style that has been lost in many other Chinese cities. 1．The first paragraph leads into the topic by ________ . A．telling a story B．creating a scene C．giving a reason D．asking a question 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The main types of teahouses. B．The address of teahouses. C．Different visitors to teahouses. D．Some activities in teahouses. 3．Which is the best way to divide the passage? A． B． C． D． 二、完形填空 （24-25九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）Avery and I are good friends, but once something unpleasant happened when we both tried for roles (角色) in Alice in Wonderland. Avery really 4 to be Alice and l was sure she could get the role. However, I was picked to be Alice and Avery only got the part of the March Hare. “Do you want to practice together with me?” I asked. “Sorry, I’m busy this week,” said Avery, 5 looking at me. “And I will be always busy.” That night at dinner, my parents noticed I was not that 6 about getting the lead role. They wondered what happened. “Well, Avery was not picked to be Alice, but I was. She was unhappy. Maybe she will throw away our 7 .” My father said, “Don’t worry about it. I think this is a 8 for you to be an extra good friend.” “Dad’s right,” said my mother. “Sometimes 9 our friends do well, we may have feelings of envy and don’t know how to act. Try giving her a little time, space and understanding, and she will change her mind soon.” Over the next week, I tried my best to give Avery some 10 . Then one day, on the way to our practice, I met her. I just want to say, “you’re such a great actor when acting as the March Hare.” I smiled. She seemed happy and 11 how she understood the role. When I asked her to help me with my role, she agreed and smiled, too. She 12 said sorry to me for acting that way at first. Later, we became closer to each other. I’ve learned that people often have a 13 time dealing with envy and disappointment (失望). If you have similar experiences, you could try taking my parents’ advice. Give your friend a little time, space and understanding. This might be the perfect time to be an extra-good friend. 4. A．promised B．hoped C．forgot D．chose 5．A．till B．from C．like D．without 6．A．excited B．careful C．nervous D．worried 7．A．energy B．treasure C．friendship D．courage 8．A．game B．chance C．story D．dream 9．A．before B．until C．when D．since 10．A．advice B．space C．fun D．trouble 11．A．faced B．missed C．explained D．supported 12．A．even B．never C．almost D．seldom 13．A．smart B．careless C．easy D．difficult 1/1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $