专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材译林版

专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 现在完成时 （have/has done） 知识点02 现在完成时 （have been/gone、for/since） 知识点03 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 单项选择 语法填空 完形填空 阅读理解 1.现在完成时 （have/has done） 2.现在完成时 （have been/gone、for/since） 3.一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 1.语境化考查：结合真实场景 / 主题，不再孤立考语法规则。 2.时态辨析高频：重点考查现在完成时及与一般过去时的区分。 3.跨题型渗透：语法点在单选、完形、阅读中综合考查。 4.易错点聚焦：延续性动词转换细节。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 现在完成时 1.三大核心用法 ① 表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态（常与since/for连用） ② 表示过去动作对现在的影响/结果（无明确过去时间，侧重现在状态） ③ 表示从过去到现在的动作次数（常与many times/twice连用） 2.基本结构 ◦肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 ◦否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 ◦一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词? 3.高频标志词 ◦肯定句：already, just, ever, recently, so far ◦否定/疑问句：yet, never ◦时间状语：since + 时间点/过去时句子、for + 时间段 4.动词过去分词变化规则 ◦规则变化：同过去式，一般+-ed ◦不规则变化（高频分类记忆）： 变化规则 例词 与原形同形 hit→hit, hurt→hurt 加t/d learn→learnt, hear→heard 元音字母变化 get→got, sit→sat 辅音字母变化 make→made, spill→spilt 元音辅音都变化 feel→felt, buy→bought 过去式分词不同 come→came→come, go→went→gone 易错点&避坑指南 •already 不能用于否定句，yet 不能用于肯定句； •混淆过去式和过去分词，如：go-went-gone、see-saw-seen； •看到明确过去时间（如last year），不能用现在完成时。 拓展补充 •since 引导的时间状语从句，从句必须用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，如：He has lived here since he came to Nanjing. 典例01 1．— Would you like to see the movie with me tonight, Simon? — Sorry. I ________ it twice. A． see B．saw C．will see D．have seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚你想要和我一起看电影吗，Simon？——抱歉。我已经看了两次了。考查现在完成时。根据语境可知因为看了两次所以今晚不和对方看电影，强调过去事件对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选D。 典例02 2．I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经读了这本英语小说的一半，我将努力在周末完成它。考查动词时态。根据后句“and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.”可知，一半的英语小说已经读完，故应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；read的过去分词是read。故选B。 典例03 3．—Has your uncle bought a new car ________? —No. He says he is still saving money for it. A．yet B．ever C．just D．still 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想喝点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我已经喝茶了。考查动词时态。根据前文语境和句中“already”的提示可知，句子应用现在完成时。构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；drink的过去分词是drunk。故选A。 即时检测 1．—Would you like something to drink? —No, thanks. I ________ some tea already. A． have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．Drink 2.There ________ great changes in my hometown in the past few years. A．have had B．have been C．were D．Had 3．I have nothing __________ because Tom has _________ my lunch. A．to eat; eaten B．eating; eaten C．eat; ate D．to eat; ate 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）After reading the Harry Potter series, I must say it is one of ________ books I ________. A．the best; have read B．the best; read C．a best; have read D．a best; read 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏常州·期中）—Why not take a taxi home? It’s too far away from here. —Because I ________ all my money. A． spend B．have spent C．was spending D．am spending 6．There ______ great changes in Yancheng over the past few years. A．have had B．has been C．have been D．has had 7．The life we have ________ used to ________ a lot now. A．got; changing B．/; has changed C．got; has changed D．/; changing 8．—It’s raining! When did it start? —I don’t know. In fact, it ________ all the afternoon. A． lasts B．lasted C．has lasted D．will last 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A． already; just B．ever; yet C．just; already D．yet; ever 10．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期中）—Have you ________ been to Guangdong? —Not ________. But I plan to go there this summer. A．never; already B．just; never C．yet; already D．ever; yet 知识点02 have/has been to vs have/has gone to 与since/for 连用的延续性动词转换 1.have/has been to vs have/has gone to 结构 含义 关键语境 have/has been to 去过某地（已返回） 可接次数（twice/three times），主语在说话现场 have/has gone to 去了某地（未返回） 主语不在说话现场，如“不在家、去了某地” have/has been in 在……待了多久 主语去外待一段时间 2.since/for 连用的延续性动词转换 ◦短暂性动词（瞬间动作）不能与for/since + 时间段连用，需转为延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时结构 leave be away from have/has been away from buy have have/has had open be open have/has been open close be closed have/has been closed borrow keep have/has kept finish be over have/has been over 易错点&避坑指南 •主语在家时，不能用have gone to； •忘记转换短暂性动词，如错误表达：He has left for 2 years.（正确：He has been away for 2 years.） 拓展补充 •have been in 表示“在某地待了多久”，常与时间段连用，如：She has been in Nanjing for 5 years. 典例01 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum ________ for about four years, but I ________ there. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t gone D．has opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国扬州大运河博物馆已经开放大约四年了，但我还没去过那里。 考查现在完成时。根据“for about four years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且动词为延续性动词，open是短暂性动词，其延续性动词形式为be open，排除A、D选项；根据“but I…there”可知，此处指“我还没去过那里”，应用haven’t been to，副词there前不用介词。故选B。 典例02 2．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）— I hear your uncle got good results in the 2025 Wuxi Marathon. — Exactly. He practises running every day and he ________ the Running Club for five years. A． has been to B．has taken part in C．has been in D．has joined 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说你叔叔在2025年无锡马拉松比赛中取得了好成绩。——确实。他每天练习跑步，并且他加入跑步俱乐部已经五年了。 考查现在完成时中延续性动词的用法。has been to去过某地，已返回；has taken part in参加过，非延续性动作；has been in加入/在……中，表示持续状态；has joined加入，非延续性动作。根据时间状语“for five years”可知，此处需用延续性动词表示持续五年的状态。“join”和“take part in”都是非延续性动词，不能与“for+一段时间”连用；“has been to”表示“去过”，不表示持续在俱乐部中。只有“has been in”可表示“加入并持续在……中”，符合句意。故选C。 典例03 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—How long ________ your father ________? —Since last month. A． has; been ill B．has; fallen ill C．did; fall ill D．did; be ill 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你父亲病了多久了？——从上个月开始。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。be ill生病；fall ill生病。“How long”询问持续时间，需用现在完成时have/has done，且动词需用延续性动词，be ill表示状态，可延续。故选A。 即时检测 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）The famous writer ________ for over a hundred years, but his works still have great influence (影响) today. A．died B．has died C．was dying D．has been dead 2．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）— When will the men’s badminton team final begin? — Oh, it ________ for ten minutes, ending in 3:1. China won the game. A． has been on B．has started C．has been over D．has ended 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—Hello, may I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since a month ago. A． left B．has left C．has been away D．went away 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏连云港·期中）I ________ Fashion Club since last year. I can design beautiful clothes now. A．joined B．have joined C．was D．have been in 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Julie ________ Gary ________ she left college. A．has married, for B．has gotten married to, since C．has married, after D．has been married to, since 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）Jim, hurry up. The film Ne Zha 2 ________ for five minutes. A．began B．has begun C．was on D．has been on 7．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—I borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago. —You mean you ________ it for only half a month. A． have kept B．have had C．have bought D．have taken 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）— Where are the teachers now?         — In the meeting room. They ________ the meeting for 10 minutes. A． have had B．have been on C．have been held D．have begun 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）—Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for a long time. —She ________ the USA and she ________ New York for two months. A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been in C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has been to 10．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Nobody except Simon and John ________ the museum before. Only they can be our guides. A．have been to B．have gone to C．has been to D．has gone to 11．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them for a couple of days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday. A． has gone to B．have gone to C．has been to D．have been to 12．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）—Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for ________ . —I hear that she ________ Beijing for two days. A．sometimes; went to B．sometime; has gone to C．some times; has been to D．some time; has been in 知识点03 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 时态 核心含义 标志词 关键区别 一般过去时 过去发生的动作/状态，与现在无关 yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2022, just now 侧重陈述过去事实，不强调对现在的影响 现在完成时 过去动作对现在的影响/持续到现在 many times, so far, till now, recently, since/for 侧重现在的结果/状态，不强调具体过去时间 易错点&避坑指南 •看到明确的过去时间状语，必须用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时； •看到so far/recently/till now，优先考虑现在完成时； •现在完成时不能与具体过去时间（如last month）连用。 拓展补充 •易混例句对比： ◦I bought a phone last year.（强调去年买的，与现在无关） ◦I have bought a new phone.（强调现在有新手机用） •一般过去时：动作过去结束，常配：yesterday, last week, …ago •现在完成时：动作影响现在或持续至今 典例01 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—I hear that your good friend David ________ in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again. —Yes, but the life he was used to ________ a lot over the years. A． used to live; changing B．is used to living; changed B． used to live; has changed D．is used to living; change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说你的好朋友David过去住在扬州，昨天他又回来了。——是的，但是他过去习惯的生活这些年来已经变化了很多。考查动词短语辨析及动词时态。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。第一空根据“I hear that your good friend David ... in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again.”可知，这里描述David过去常住在扬州，因此填“used to live”；第二空根据“over the years”可知，时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has done。故选C。 典例02 2．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year. —Yes, it ________ a wonderful trip. A． is B．was C．has been D．will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我妈妈说去年你去丝绸之路旅行了。——是的，那是一次美妙的旅行。考查时态。根据“last year”可知，此句是一般过去时。故选B。 典例03 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）My father ________ home from work earlier than Mum yesterday. A．returns B．returned C．has returned D．will return 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲昨天比妈妈更早下班回家。考查一般过去时。returns一般现在时的三单形式；returned过去式；has returned现在完成时；will return一般将来时。根据“...than Mum yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，需用过去式。故选B。 即时检测 1．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）How time flies! It has been ten years since I ________ him in Xuzhou. A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 2．（21-22八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）The students _________ take several courses at weekends in the past, but they have got more free time at weekends this term. A．got used to B．have used to C．used to D．were used to 3．（17-18八年级下·江苏苏州·期中）—What a beautiful car! When ________ you ________ it? —I ________ it for two years. A．did; buy; bought B．did; buy; have had C．have; bought; have bought D．have; bought; have had 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—Ada, have you had breakfast yet? —Yes. I ________ some jiaozi before I came here. A． ate B．have eaten C．will eat D．am eating 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）— How long ________ you ________ this book? — For about one week. I ________ it from the library last Tuesday. A．have; kept; borrowed B．have; borrowed; kept C．do; keep; have borrowed D．will; keep; have borrowed 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期中）—Can I borrow your Chinese painting tools for my art homework? —Sorry, I ________ them to Sam. He ________ for them during the morning break. A． lent; came B．have lent; came C．lent; will come D．have lent; will come 7．（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·月考）—Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? —Yes, I________ in Tai’an for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A． have been B．have stayed C．had stayed D．Stayed 8．（17-18八年级下·全国·课后作业）--- _________ she ________?    --- Yesterday morning. A．How long has; left B．When did; leave C．When was; leaving D．When has; left. 解｜题｜技｜巧（考试直接套用） 1.看到since/for + 时间段 → 现在完成时 + 延续性动词； 2.看到yesterday/last.../...ago → 直接用一般过去时； 3.have been to 可接次数，have gone to 主语不在场； 即时检测 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. I ______ this book for two weeks. A. borrowed B. have kept C. have borrowed D. kept 2. —Where’s Tom? —He ______ Beijing. He’ll be back tomorrow. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 3. My father ______ Nanjing. He will be back in two days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 4. I ______ this book for two weeks. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had 5. He ______ to bed until his father came back. A. went B. didn’t go C. goes D. doesn’t go 二、动词填空（每题2分，共10分） 6.I ______ (live) here since I was ten. 7.They ______ (buy) a new car last month. 8.He ______ never ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 9.She ______ (be) away for three years. 10.We ______ (know) each other for ten years. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Shenzhou XVII astronauts ______ in space for over two months. Their work has helped China’s space development a lot. A．have stayed B．stayed C．stay D．will stay 2．The film ________ for 15 minutes when we got to the cinema. A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．was on 3．With the development of high-speed rail, ______ from Nanjing to Shanghai has become much faster and more convenient. A．treatment B．tradition C．training D．transport 4．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the basketball match. —It’s too late. It ________ for an hour. And the result was that my favourite team won. A．has finished B．has been over C．has been on D．has begun 5．Li Lei plans ________ English for fifteen minutes every day and his parents think it’s a great ________ to improve his English. A．read; chance B．to read; situation C．to read; choice D．reading; practice 6．The ancient temple is said to ________ to the Tang Dynasty, over a thousand years ago. A．go over B．look forward C．date back   D．fall behind 7．—The news of the big event travels fast through our small town. —Everyone seems to know about it ________ hours. A．by B．for C．within D．with 8．She has difficulty ________ English because her vocabulary is small. A．speaking B．speak C．to speak D．speaks 9．—I really don’t know ________ to send the magazines. —Why not call an express (快递) company? A．how B．which C．when D．what 10．—I am worried about my studies, but I don’t know_________ about my problems. —Come on! You can talk to me. We are good friends. A．what to talk B．what to talk about C．who to talk to D．who to talk 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 二、单词拼写 11．The government has advised its people not to travel to Turkey ________ (recent). 12．I wish I could spend as much time as I can ________ (relax) myself from hard work. 13．That competition gave the athlete great ________ (please) to represent China and achieve good results. 14．I am afraid the life we are used to ________________ (change) a lot in a few years’ time. 15．Oh, my God! Little John looks sad. I guess something ________ (happen) to him. 16．—I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why? —Because I ________ (wait) for an old friend from the USA． 17．We are happy to know that Judy ________ (marry) Harry the other day. 18．Everyone except the twins ________ (plan) the trip to Hainan at the moment. 19．I ________ (complete) forgot about our meeting because I was so busy with my project. 20．—Children’s Day is coming. I haven’t decided what ________ (buy) for my little son. —Perhaps a model plane is a good present. It’s his favourite. 三、选词填空 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空（多余一个）。   manage to   continue    right away     at a time     hand in    able The end-of-term week is always busy but full of growth. Last Monday, I 21 my English report to the teacher early in the morning. The weather was terrible with heavy rain, and the bus was full of people, but I still 22 arrive at school on time. After handing in the report, I reviewed my notes carefully. Since then, I 23 to plan my study time well and finish homework every day without delay. When the class bell rings, all students must return to their seats 24 to start the lesson. Our teacher also tells us to take out textbooks only one 25 to keep the classroom quiet. These small rules help us study better, and I believe we will get good results in the final exam. 四、完形填空 During the past winter vacation, my family spent our New Year in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, which is famous for its porcelain (瓷) culture. We visited a museum that showed us how porcelain is made. On our way there, we 26 something special: Instead of using 27 materials, all the streetlights were covered in porcelain. Even the rubbish bins were made of porcelain. We were 28 by their creativity. At the museum, we learned about how to make porcelain. First, the porcelain clay needs to be 29 into something, like pots. Then, the craftsmen use a special 30 called ceramic glaze (釉) to draw patterns on its surface. It takes them many hours to finish because they work 31 on the fine patterns. After that, the craftsmen put the pieces into a kiln (窑) and burn them at a very high 32 for 12 to 24 hours. Finally, the porcelain can be taken out after it 33 down. As the saying goes, 34 only comes through hard work. It’s easy to see that making porcelain is very time-consuming (耗时的). But the craftsmen’s hard work has 35 beautiful works. On the last day of our trip, we went to Taoxichuan Ceramic Art Avenue. 36 you are porcelain lovers, you can go there to make your own porcelain works. Tourists walk through the market and 37 pieces they like. As we walked through the area, we chose souvenirs (纪念品) and enjoyed this historic 38 . I can now understand 39 Jingdezhen City is called “Porcelain Capital”. It is because of the local people’s deep 40 for porcelain. Their love makes them care about porcelain and share this wonderful traditional culture with the world. 26．A．noticed B．heard C．shared D．introduced 27．A．natural B．traditional C．special D．common 28．A．amazed B．relaxed C．excited D．stressed 29．A．shaken B．shaped C．pressed D．pushed 30．A．board B．brush C．paper D．paint 31．A．lonely B．completely C．carefully D．peacefully 32．A．temperature B．spirit C．mark D．risk 33．A．slows B．cools C．turns D．pulls 34．A．satisfaction B．difference C．interest D．success 35．A．came about B．came across C．resulted in D．resulted from 36．A．If B．But C．Even D．Though 37．A．work out B．pick out C．give out D．find out 38．A．matter B．subject C．art D．hit 39．A．what B．when C．how D．why 40．A．understanding B．learning C．feelings D．Meanings 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 五、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Reading is a very important skill for students. It can open our minds and bring us lots of fun. But many students say they don’t like reading or don’t know how to choose the right books. 41 First, find a book that you are interested in. If you love animals, read books about animals. If you like stories, you can choose novels or storybooks. 42 You will never want to read it if the book is boring or too difficult. Second, make a fixed reading plan. You can read for 20 minutes every day after finishing homework. 43 Only in this way can you make reading a good habit. Third, learn to think while reading. You can write down your ideas or underline some beautiful sentences. 44 It helps you understand the book better and improve your writing skills. Last, share your books with your friends. You can talk about the stories or ideas together. 45 Reading can be more enjoyable when you share it with others. Start reading now and you will find a new world in books. A．It is not a good idea to read for too long at a time. B．Here are some useful ways to help you read better. C．Never read books that are not right for you. D．It is also helpful to write a short diary after reading. E．Everyone around you likes reading very much. F．Little by little, you will read faster and understand more. G．You can also learn different opinions from each other. 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。每题答案不超过10个单词。 Volunteering is becoming more and more popular among young people around the world. It means spending some of our free time helping others without asking for anything in return. We can do different kinds of volunteer work in our daily life. Some students choose to help clean up parks, streets or public libraries. Others volunteer at old people’s homes, where they read newspapers, chat with the elderly or do some simple housework for them. Some also help look after homeless animals or raise money for poor children in far villages. Volunteering does not require much money or great skills. What we need is kindness and patience. When we help others, we can also learn a lot. We can learn to care about people around us, understand the meaning of giving and feel the happiness of helping. Some students worry that volunteer work will take up too much study time. In fact, we can do it on weekends or during holidays. Even several hours a month can make a big difference to someone in need. It not only helps others but also makes ourselves grow as better people. 46．What is volunteering according to the passage? 47．Where do some students volunteer to help? 48．What do we need most to be a volunteer? 49．When can we do volunteer work? 50．What can we learn from volunteering? 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 现在完成时（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 现在完成时 （have/has done） 知识点02 现在完成时 （have been/gone、for/since） 知识点03 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 单项选择 语法填空 完形填空 阅读理解 1.现在完成时 （have/has done） 2.现在完成时 （have been/gone、for/since） 3.一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 1.语境化考查：结合真实场景 / 主题，不再孤立考语法规则。 2.时态辨析高频：重点考查现在完成时及与一般过去时的区分。 3.跨题型渗透：语法点在单选、完形、阅读中综合考查。 4.易错点聚焦：延续性动词转换细节。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 现在完成时 1.三大核心用法 ① 表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态（常与since/for连用） ② 表示过去动作对现在的影响/结果（无明确过去时间，侧重现在状态） ③ 表示从过去到现在的动作次数（常与many times/twice连用） 2.基本结构 ◦肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 ◦否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 ◦一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词? 3.高频标志词 ◦肯定句：already, just, ever, recently, so far ◦否定/疑问句：yet, never ◦时间状语：since + 时间点/过去时句子、for + 时间段 4.动词过去分词变化规则 ◦规则变化：同过去式，一般+-ed ◦不规则变化（高频分类记忆）： 变化规则 例词 与原形同形 hit→hit, hurt→hurt 加t/d learn→learnt, hear→heard 元音字母变化 get→got, sit→sat 辅音字母变化 make→made, spill→spilt 元音辅音都变化 feel→felt, buy→bought 过去式分词不同 come→came→come, go→went→gone 易错点&避坑指南 •already 不能用于否定句，yet 不能用于肯定句； •混淆过去式和过去分词，如：go-went-gone、see-saw-seen； •看到明确过去时间（如last year），不能用现在完成时。 拓展补充 •since 引导的时间状语从句，从句必须用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，如：He has lived here since he came to Nanjing. 典例01 1．— Would you like to see the movie with me tonight, Simon? — Sorry. I ________ it twice. A． see B．saw C．will see D．have seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚你想要和我一起看电影吗，Simon？——抱歉。我已经看了两次了。考查现在完成时。根据语境可知因为看了两次所以今晚不和对方看电影，强调过去事件对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选D。 典例02 2．I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经读了这本英语小说的一半，我将努力在周末完成它。考查动词时态。根据后句“and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.”可知，一半的英语小说已经读完，故应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；read的过去分词是read。故选B。 典例03 3．—Has your uncle bought a new car ________? —No. He says he is still saving money for it. A．yet B．ever C．just D．still 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想喝点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我已经喝茶了。考查动词时态。根据前文语境和句中“already”的提示可知，句子应用现在完成时。构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；drink的过去分词是drunk。故选A。 即时检测 1．—Would you like something to drink? —No, thanks. I ________ some tea already. A． have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．Drink 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】drink(drank drunk)、过去分词变化规则、表示影响（动作已完成）、助动词have 【详解】句意：——你想喝点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我已经喝茶了。考查动词时态。根据前文语境和句中“already”的提示可知，句子应用现在完成时。构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；drink的过去分词是drunk。故选A。 2.There ________ great changes in my hometown in the past few years. A．have had B．have been C．were D．Had 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、过去分词变化规则、There be 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。考查现在完成时。结合语境和空后“in the past few years”可知本句应该使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，排除选项C和D；本句是there be句型与现在完成时相结合，真正的主语是“great changes”，所以用“there have been+名词复数+...”的结构。故选B。 3．I have nothing __________ because Tom has _________ my lunch. A．to eat; eaten B．eating; eaten C．eat; ate D．to eat; ate 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词变化规则 【详解】试题分析：句意:我没有东西可吃了,因为汤姆已经吃了我的午饭.结合语境可知前文为宾语补足语,表示具体的将要进行的动作,故用动词不定式.下文为谓语动词,结合语境及助动词has,可知填过去分词eaten,故选A. 考点：非谓语动词 点评：非谓语动词的用法比较固定，区别的主要办法一是和被修饰词的关系。一般现在分词和被修饰词是主谓关系，过去分词和被修饰词是动宾关系。二是表示动作状态的不同，现在分词表示正在进行的伴随性动作，过去分词表示发生过的被动的动作，不定式表示具体的将要进行的动作。掌握这两点，基本就能完成此类问题。 本题难点就是确定所给选项在句子中充当的句子成分，这可以通过分析原题的句子成分来确定。如果原文不缺少句子成分，则是需要非谓语动词。如果原题谓语不完整，则有可能是谓语动词。 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）After reading the Harry Potter series, I must say it is one of ________ books I ________. A．the best; have read B．the best; read C．a best; have read D．a best; read 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】one of the+最高级+名词复数、表示影响（动作已完成） 【详解】句意：读完《哈利·波特》系列后，我得说它是我读过的最好的书之一。 考查形容词最高级的用法和现在完成时。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”，所以第一空用“the best”；“我读过的”强调从过去到现在的阅读经历对现在的影响，用现在完成时“have read”。故选A。 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏常州·期中）—Why not take a taxi home? It’s too far away from here. —Because I ________ all my money. A． spend B．have spent C．was spending D．am spending 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成） 【详解】句意：——为什么不打车回家？这里离你家太远了。——因为我已经花光了所有的钱。考查现在完成时。根据语境可知，回答者表示“已经花光钱”对现在造成的影响是“无法打车”，强调过去动作对现在的影响，需用现在完成时（have spent）。故选B。 6．There ______ great changes in Yancheng over the past few years. A．have had B．has been C．have been D．has had 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成） 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，盐城发生了巨大的变化。考查现在完成时。结合语境和空后“over the past few years”可知本句应该使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响；本句是there be句型与现在完成时相结合，真正的主语是“great changes”，所以用“there have been+名词复数+...”的结构。故选C。 7．The life we have ________ used to ________ a lot now. A．got; changing B．/; has changed C．got; has changed D．/; changing 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成） 【详解】句意：我们习惯的生活现在已经发生了很大的变化。考查动词时态。get used to sth.“习惯于某事”，“we have...used to”为定语从句，修饰先行词“life”，时态为现在完成时，故第一个空选got；第二个空为主句的谓语动词，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，主语“The life”为单数，故用has changed。故选C。 8．—It’s raining! When did it start? —I don’t know. In fact, it ________ all the afternoon. A． lasts B．lasted C．has lasted D．will last 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示持续（动作未完成） 【详解】句意：——下雨了！从什么时候开始的？——我不知道。事实上，已经持续了整个下午。考查动词的时态。lasts持续，一般现在时的三单形式；lasted一般过去时；has lasted现在完成时；will last一般将来时。根据“In fact, it…all the afternoon.”可知已经持续了整个下午。需用现在完成时，故选C。 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A． already; just B．ever; yet C．just; already D．yet; ever 【答案】B 【难度】0.94 【知识点】ever、yet、含ever/never的现在完成时、already 【详解】句意：——《哪吒2》真是令人惊喜！你看过了吗？——还没有。但是我计划这个周六晚上去电影院看。考查现在完成时。already已经；yet还；ever曾经；just仅仅。根据“Have you...watched it?”可知，问句是含有ever的现在完成时的句子，表示“是否曾经做过某事？”，Not yet“还没有”是否定回答。故选B。 10．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期中）—Have you ________ been to Guangdong? —Not ________. But I plan to go there this summer. A．never; already B．just; never C．yet; already D．ever; yet 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】already、ever、never、yet、含ever/never的现在完成时、副词辨析 【详解】句意：——你去过广东吗？——还没有。我计划这个暑假去那里。考查副词辨析。never从未；already已经；just刚刚；yet仍然，还；ever曾经。根据“Have you...been to Guangdong?”可知，此处指是否曾去过广东，一般疑问句中用ever；根据“Not...But I plan to go there this summer.”可知，此处表示“没去过”，not yet“还没有”，故选D。 知识点02 have/has been to vs have/has gone to 与since/for 连用的延续性动词转换 1.have/has been to vs have/has gone to 结构 含义 关键语境 have/has been to 去过某地（已返回） 可接次数（twice/three times），主语在说话现场 have/has gone to 去了某地（未返回） 主语不在说话现场，如“不在家、去了某地” have/has been in 在……待了多久 主语去外待一段时间 2.since/for 连用的延续性动词转换 ◦短暂性动词（瞬间动作）不能与for/since + 时间段连用，需转为延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时结构 leave be away from have/has been away from buy have have/has had open be open have/has been open close be closed have/has been closed borrow keep have/has kept finish be over have/has been over 易错点&避坑指南 •主语在家时，不能用have gone to； •忘记转换短暂性动词，如错误表达：He has left for 2 years.（正确：He has been away for 2 years.） 拓展补充 •have been in 表示“在某地待了多久”，常与时间段连用，如：She has been in Nanjing for 5 years. 典例01 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum ________ for about four years, but I ________ there. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t gone D．has opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国扬州大运河博物馆已经开放大约四年了，但我还没去过那里。 考查现在完成时。根据“for about four years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且动词为延续性动词，open是短暂性动词，其延续性动词形式为be open，排除A、D选项；根据“but I…there”可知，此处指“我还没去过那里”，应用haven’t been to，副词there前不用介词。故选B。 典例02 2．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）— I hear your uncle got good results in the 2025 Wuxi Marathon. — Exactly. He practises running every day and he ________ the Running Club for five years. A． has been to B．has taken part in C．has been in D．has joined 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说你叔叔在2025年无锡马拉松比赛中取得了好成绩。——确实。他每天练习跑步，并且他加入跑步俱乐部已经五年了。 考查现在完成时中延续性动词的用法。has been to去过某地，已返回；has taken part in参加过，非延续性动作；has been in加入/在……中，表示持续状态；has joined加入，非延续性动作。根据时间状语“for five years”可知，此处需用延续性动词表示持续五年的状态。“join”和“take part in”都是非延续性动词，不能与“for+一段时间”连用；“has been to”表示“去过”，不表示持续在俱乐部中。只有“has been in”可表示“加入并持续在……中”，符合句意。故选C。 典例03 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—How long ________ your father ________? —Since last month. A． has; been ill B．has; fallen ill C．did; fall ill D．did; be ill 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你父亲病了多久了？——从上个月开始。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。be ill生病；fall ill生病。“How long”询问持续时间，需用现在完成时have/has done，且动词需用延续性动词，be ill表示状态，可延续。故选A。 即时检测 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）The famous writer ________ for over a hundred years, but his works still have great influence (影响) today. A．died B．has died C．was dying D．has been dead 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】含since/for的现在完成时、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：这位著名作家已去世一百多年，但他的作品至今仍有很大影响。考查现在完成时的延续性动词用法。died死，过去式；has died死，现在完成时结构，瞬间性动作；was dying正在死，过去进行时结构；has been dead已经死了，现在完成时结构，延续性状态。根据“for over a hundred years”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，且需用延续性动词或状态。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）— When will the men’s badminton team final begin? — Oh, it ________ for ten minutes, ending in 3:1. China won the game. A． has been on B．has started C．has been over D．has ended 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时 【详解】句意：——男子羽毛球队决赛什么时候开始？——哦，它已经结束十分钟了，最终比分3:1。中国赢得了比赛。考查现在完成时。has been on已经开始且一直在持续；has started表述有误；has been over已经结束；has ended表述有误。for ten minutes是一段时间，要与延续性动词连用。start和end是短暂性动词，其延续性形式分别为be on“进行”和be over“结束”。根据“China won the game”可知，比赛已经结束。故选C。 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—Hello, may I speak to Wang Li? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since a month ago. A． left B．has left C．has been away D．went away 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时 【详解】句意：——你好，我可以和王丽通话吗？——对不起，她不在家。她已经离开一个月了。考查现在完成时和延续性动词。根据“She ... since a month ago.”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，且表示延续性动作；leave是短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词是“be away”。故选C。 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏连云港·期中）I ________ Fashion Club since last year. I can design beautiful clothes now. A．joined B．have joined C．was D．have been in 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时 【详解】句意：我从去年起就加入了时尚俱乐部。我现在可以设计漂亮的衣服了。考查现在完成时。根据“since last year”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。join是非延续性动词，不能与since引导的时间状语连用。此处应用be in表延续性动作。故选D。 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Julie ________ Gary ________ she left college. A．has married, for B．has gotten married to, since C．has married, after D．has been married to, since 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时 【详解】句意：朱莉自从离开大学后嫁给了加里。考查现在完成时。查时态和连词。for因为；since自从；after在……之后。marry嫁，是短暂性动词，since引导的时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时，marry为非延续性动词，应使用形容词be married；for后跟时间，不跟句子，排除A；after与一般过去时连用，排除C。故选D。 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）Jim, hurry up. The film Ne Zha 2 ________ for five minutes. A．began B．has begun C．was on D．has been on 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：Jim，快点。《哪吒2》已经开演5分钟了。考查动词时态。began开始，begin的过去式；has begun现在完成时；was on上演，一般过去时；has been on上演，现在完成时。句中“for five minutes”表示持续的时间段，需与现在完成时态连用，且动词需具备延续性，瞬间动词begin，无法与时间段搭配；选项D中的“has been on”使用状态短语be on表示“上映中”，可与时间段连用。故选D。 7．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—I borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago. —You mean you ________ it for only half a month. A． have kept B．have had C．have bought D．have taken 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：——我两周前借了这本词典。——你意思是说你只保留了半个月。考查延续性与非延续性动词。根据“for only half a month.”可知，句子用现在完成时，且动词用延续性动词，排除C、D选项；结合“I borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago.”可知，此处是指保留了词典半个月，borrow的延续性动词是keep。故选A。 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）— Where are the teachers now?         — In the meeting room. They ________ the meeting for 10 minutes. A． have had B．have been on C．have been held D．have begun 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、on、have(举办)、been、含since/for的现在完成时 【详解】句意：——老师们现在在哪儿？——在会议室。他们已经开了10分钟的会。考查现在完成时和延续性动词。have had参加，动词延续；have been on开始，动词延续；have been held被举行，被动语态；have begun开始，非延续性动词。根据时间状语“for 10 minutes”可知，空格处应用现在完成时，且应用延续性动词，而主语They指代the teachers，表示他们已经开了10分钟的会，所以，谓语动词应用have had。故选A。 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）—Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for a long time. —She ________ the USA and she ________ New York for two months. A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been in C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has been to 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】have been to（或in)/have gone to区别 【详解】句意：—— 米莉在哪里？我好久没见到她了。—— 她去了美国，并且已经在纽约待了两个月了 。考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地，现已回来；have been in在某地待了多长时间；have gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“ I haven’t seen her for a long time.”可知，米莉现在还在美国，尚未回来，排除选项A和C；根据“for two months”可知，此处与“for+一段时间”连用，应用have been in，表示“在纽约待了两个月”的持续状态。故选B。 10．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Nobody except Simon and John ________ the museum before. Only they can be our guides. A．have been to B．have gone to C．has been to D．has gone to 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】have been to（或in)/have gone to区别、except/but/besides 【详解】句意：除了西蒙和约翰，之前没有人去过这个博物馆。只有他们能当我们的向导。考查就远原则和动词短语。have been to去过某地，已返回；have gone to去了某地，未返回；has been to去过某地，已返回；has gone to去了某地，未返回。根据“except”可知，此句适用于“就远原则”，“Nobody”决定助动词用has；根据“Only can they be our guides.”可知，此处指只有西蒙和约翰去过，并且回来了，才能当向导。故选C。 11．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them for a couple of days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday. A． has gone to B．have gone to C．has been to D．have been to 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】动名词/不定代词作主语、have been to（或in)/have gone to区别 【详解】句意：——迈克的家人在哪里？我好几天没见到他们了。——他家除了祖父母之外，每个人都去无锡度假了。考查主谓一致及词义辨析。have/has gone to去了某地（还没回来）；have/has been to去过某地（已经回来）。根据“I haven’t seen them for a couple of days.”可知，家人还没回来，用have/has gone to。主语Everyone是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词用单数has。故选A。 12．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）—Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for ________ . —I hear that she ________ Beijing for two days. A．sometimes; went to B．sometime; has gone to C．some times; has been to D．some time; has been in 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】名词短语、sometime、sometimes、some time、some times、副词短语、含since/for的现在完成时、have been to（或in)/have gone to区别 【详解】句意：——米莉在哪里？我有一段时间没见到她了。——我听说她已经在北京待两天了。考查短语辨析及动词时态辨析。sometimes有时候；sometime某个时候；some times几次；some time一段时间；went to动词过去式；has gone to现在完成时；has been to现在完成时；has been in呆在某地。根据“I haven’t seen her”可知，这里表示有一段时间没看到某人，需用some time表示；for two days表示“已经两天了”，为时间段，需用现在完成时表示；has gone to表示去了某地还没回来，为短暂动作，不可与时间段连用；has been to表示去过某地已回来，强调经历，也不可与时间段连用；“be in+地点”表示“待在某地（状态）”，可与时间段连用。故选D。 知识点03 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 时态 核心含义 标志词 关键区别 一般过去时 过去发生的动作/状态，与现在无关 yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2022, just now 侧重陈述过去事实，不强调对现在的影响 现在完成时 过去动作对现在的影响/持续到现在 many times, so far, till now, recently, since/for 侧重现在的结果/状态，不强调具体过去时间 易错点&避坑指南 •看到明确的过去时间状语，必须用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时； •看到so far/recently/till now，优先考虑现在完成时； •现在完成时不能与具体过去时间（如last month）连用。 拓展补充 •易混例句对比： ◦I bought a phone last year.（强调去年买的，与现在无关） ◦I have bought a new phone.（强调现在有新手机用） •一般过去时：动作过去结束，常配：yesterday, last week, …ago •现在完成时：动作影响现在或持续至今 典例01 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—I hear that your good friend David ________ in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again. —Yes, but the life he was used to ________ a lot over the years. A． used to live; changing B．is used to living; changed B． used to live; has changed D．is used to living; change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说你的好朋友David过去住在扬州，昨天他又回来了。——是的，但是他过去习惯的生活这些年来已经变化了很多。考查动词短语辨析及动词时态。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。第一空根据“I hear that your good friend David ... in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again.”可知，这里描述David过去常住在扬州，因此填“used to live”；第二空根据“over the years”可知，时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has done。故选C。 典例02 2．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year. —Yes, it ________ a wonderful trip. A． is B．was C．has been D．will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我妈妈说去年你去丝绸之路旅行了。——是的，那是一次美妙的旅行。考查时态。根据“last year”可知，此句是一般过去时。故选B。 典例03 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）My father ________ home from work earlier than Mum yesterday. A．returns B．returned C．has returned D．will return 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲昨天比妈妈更早下班回家。考查一般过去时。returns一般现在时的三单形式；returned过去式；has returned现在完成时；will return一般将来时。根据“...than Mum yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，需用过去式。故选B。 即时检测 1．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）How time flies! It has been ten years since I ________ him in Xuzhou. A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去发生的动作/状态、since引导时间状语从句 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！我在徐州见到他已经十年了。考查一般过去时。meet遇见，一般现在时；met遇见，一般过去时；have met已经遇见，现在完成时；will meet将会遇见，一般将来时。since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故选B。 2．（21-22八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）The students _________ take several courses at weekends in the past, but they have got more free time at weekends this term. A．got used to B．have used to C．used to D．were used to 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】used to do sth.、be used to do sth. 【详解】句意：学生们过去常常在周末上几门课，但这学期他们在周末有了更多的空闲时间。考查used to的用法。be/get used to doing习惯于做某事；used to do过去常常做某事；be used to do被用来做。根据“... take several courses at weekends in the past”可知，此处表示过去常常在周末上课，用used to do。故选C。 3．（17-18八年级下·江苏苏州·期中）—What a beautiful car! When ________ you ________ it? —I ________ it for two years. A．did; buy; bought B．did; buy; have had C．have; bought; have bought D．have; bought; have had 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时、过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：——多么漂亮的车啊！你什么时候买的？——我已经买了两年了。考查时态。问句询问的是购买车的时间，询问过去发生的事，用一般过去时，排除C和D；回答中for two years是一段时间，应用现在完成时。buy是瞬间动词，需要转换为延续性动词have，故选B。 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—Ada, have you had breakfast yet? —Yes. I ________ some jiaozi before I came here. A． ate B．have eaten C．will eat D．am eating 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：——Ada，你吃早饭了吗？——吃了。我来这儿之前吃了饺子。考查过去时态的用法。根据时间状语“before I came here”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故选A。 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）— How long ________ you ________ this book? — For about one week. I ________ it from the library last Tuesday. A．have; kept; borrowed B．have; borrowed; kept C．do; keep; have borrowed D．will; keep; have borrowed 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时、过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多长时间？——大概一周了，上个星期二我从图书馆借的。考查动词时态。根据“For about one week”可知，问句是现在完成时，borrow“借”，非延续动词，不能和表示一段的时间连用，需要把它转化keep；根据“last Tuesday”可知，第二个空用一般过去时，故选A。 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期中）—Can I borrow your Chinese painting tools for my art homework? —Sorry, I ________ them to Sam. He ________ for them during the morning break. A． lent; came B．have lent; came C．lent; will come D．have lent; will come 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的中国画工具做美术作业吗？——对不起，我把它们借给了萨姆。他是在上午休息时来取的。考查时态。根据“Can I borrow your Chinese painting tools for my art homework?”以及“Sorry”可知，此处指过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时，可排除A项和C项；根据“during the morning break”可知，此处指发生在过去的动作，句子时态为一般过去时，此处用动词过去式。故选B。 7．（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·月考）—Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? —Yes, I________ in Tai’an for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. A． have been B．have stayed C．had stayed D．Stayed 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：——Carol，你爬过泰山吗？——是的，去年我在泰安待了一周，两次登顶。考查时态。根据“last year”可知，时态是一般过去时，构成为主语+动词过去式。故选D。 8．（17-18八年级下·全国·课后作业）--- _________ she ________?    --- Yesterday morning. A．How long has; left B．When did; leave C．When was; leaving D．When has; left. 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】特殊疑问句、一般过去时 【详解】句意：-她什么时候离开的？---昨天上午。Yesterday morning表示的是过去的时间状语，指时间点，对其提问选择疑问词when，用在一般过去时态的句子中，故答案为B。 解｜题｜技｜巧（考试直接套用） 1.看到since/for + 时间段 → 现在完成时 + 延续性动词； 2.看到yesterday/last.../...ago → 直接用一般过去时； 3.have been to 可接次数，have gone to 主语不在场； 即时检测 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. I ______ this book for two weeks. A. borrowed B. have kept C. have borrowed D. kept 2. —Where’s Tom? —He ______ Beijing. He’ll be back tomorrow. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 3. My father ______ Nanjing. He will be back in two days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 4. I ______ this book for two weeks. A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had 5. He ______ to bed until his father came back. A. went B. didn’t go C. goes D. doesn’t go 1.B 解析：for时间段用现完，borrow短暂→keep延续 2.B 解析：去了未回→have gone to 3.B 解析：去了未回 → has gone to。 4.C 解析：for two weeks → 延续性动词 have。 5.B 解析：not…until 直到…… 才，过去时。 二、动词填空（每题2分，共10分） 6.I ______ (live) here since I was ten. 7.They ______ (buy) a new car last month. 8.He ______ never ______ (visit) the Great Wall. 9.She ______ (be) away for three years. 10.We ______ (know) each other for ten years. 6.have lived 解析：since+从句→现完 7.bought 解析：last month→一过 8.has; visited 解析：never→现完 9.has been 解析：for+时间段→现完 10.have known 解析：for+时间段→现完 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Shenzhou XVII astronauts ______ in space for over two months. Their work has helped China’s space development a lot. A．have stayed B．stayed C．stay D．will stay 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】含since/for的现在完成时 【详解】句意：神舟十七号宇航员已经在太空两个多月。他们的工作极大地推动了中国航天的发展。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“for over two months”可知，此句强调动作从过去持续到现在并对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时。故选A。 2．The film ________ for 15 minutes when we got to the cinema. A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．was on 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示持续 【详解】句意：当我们到达电影院时，电影已经放映15分钟了。 考查动词时态和延续性动词用法。has begun已经开始，现在完成时；had begun已经开始，过去完成时；had been on已经在放映，过去完成时，表示已持续进行；was on在放映，一般过去时。根据“for 15 minutes”以及“when we got to the cinema”可知，此处表示过去的过去，且需用延续性动词，C项符合。故选C。 3．With the development of high-speed rail, ______ from Nanjing to Shanghai has become much faster and more convenient. A．treatment B．tradition C．training D．transport 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】transport、名词辨析 【详解】句意：随着高铁的发展，从南京到上海的交通变得更快、更方便了。 考查名词辨析。treatment治疗；tradition传统；training训练；transport交通。根据“With the development of high-speed rail…from Nanjing to Shanghai has become much faster and more convenient.”可知，这里讨论的是交通方式的变化。故选D。 4．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the basketball match. —It’s too late. It ________ for an hour. And the result was that my favourite team won. A．has finished B．has been over C．has been on D．has begun 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】含since/for的现在完成时、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：——我们打开电视看篮球赛吧。——太晚了。比赛已经结束一个小时了。结果是我最喜欢的队赢了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has finished已经结束，短暂性；has been over已经结束，延续性；has been on已经进行；has begun已经开始。根据后文“And the result was...”可知比赛已结束，且“for an hour”表示持续一段时间，需用延续性动词或状态。故选B。 5．Li Lei plans ________ English for fifteen minutes every day and his parents think it’s a great ________ to improve his English. A．read; chance B．to read; situation C．to read; choice D．reading; practice 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】choice、名词辨析、动词不定式作宾语 【详解】句意：李磊计划每天读十五分钟英语，他的父母认为这是提高他的英语的一个很好的选择。 考查非谓语动词以及名词辨析。 chance机会；situation情况；choice选择；practice练习。plan to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，因此第一空应填to read；根据“his parents think it’s a great…to improve his English”可知，每天读十五分钟英语是一个很好的选择，C项符合。故选C。 6．The ancient temple is said to ________ to the Tang Dynasty, over a thousand years ago. A．go over B．look forward C．date back   D．fall behind 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】动词短语 【详解】句意：据说这座古庙可以追溯到一千多年前的唐朝。 考查动词短语辨析。go over 复习；look forward 期待；date back 追溯；fall behind 落后。根据“the Tang Dynasty, over a thousand years ago.”可知，此处表示追溯到某个历史时期。故选C。 7．—The news of the big event travels fast through our small town. —Everyone seems to know about it ________ hours. A．by B．for C．within D．with 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】within、介词辨析 【详解】句意：——这个大事件的新闻在我们小镇上传播得很快。——每个人似乎都在几小时之内就知道了。 by到……为止；for为了；within在……之内；with和……一起。根据“travels fast through our small town”可知，新闻传播速度快，强调时间短，推测出每个人在几小时之内就知道了，应填within。 8．She has difficulty ________ English because her vocabulary is small. A．speaking B．speak C．to speak D．speaks 【答案】A 【难度】0.95 【知识点】动名词作宾语 【详解】句意：她讲英语有困难，因为她的词汇量很小。 have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可省略，后面需接动名词形式。 9．—I really don’t know ________ to send the magazines. —Why not call an express (快递) company? A．how B．which C．when D．what 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】how、疑问词+动词不定式 【详解】句意：——我真的不知道如何寄这些杂志。——为什么不打电话给一家快递公司？ 考查疑问词辨析。how如何；which哪一个；when什么时候；what什么。根据回答“Why not call an express company?”可知此处是在询问寄杂志的方式或方法，因此应使用表示方式的疑问词how。故选A。 10．—I am worried about my studies, but I don’t know_________ about my problems. —Come on! You can talk to me. We are good friends. A．what to talk B．what to talk about C．who to talk to D．who to talk 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】who、疑问词+动词不定式 【详解】句意：——我担心我的学习，但我不知道该和谁谈论我的问题。——加油！你可以跟我谈，我们是好朋友。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。who to talk to和谁交谈；what to talk about谈论什么内容；who to talk错误形式。根据答句“You can talk to me.”可知，此处表示“不知道该和谁谈论问题”，强调交谈的对象。故选C。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 二、单词拼写 11．The government has advised its people not to travel to Turkey ________ (recent). 【答案】recently 【难度】0.85 【知识点】recently、时间副词 【详解】句意：政府已建议其民众近期不要前往土耳其。recent“最近的”，形容词；根据“has advised”可知，此句是现在完成时，常与副词recently“最近”连用，作时间状语。故填recently。 12．I wish I could spend as much time as I can ________ (relax) myself from hard work. 【答案】relaxing 【难度】0.4 【知识点】relax、动名词作宾语 【详解】句意：我希望我能花尽可能多的时间从繁重的工作中放松自己。分析句子可知，此处是考查spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动名词作宾语，故填relaxing。 13．That competition gave the athlete great ________ (please) to represent China and achieve good results. 【答案】pleasure 【难度】0.65 【知识点】pleasure、名词作主宾表补定 【详解】句意：那场比赛让运动员很高兴能代表中国取得好成绩。great是形容词，其后接名词，所以空处应填please的名词形式pleasure，pleasure在此处是不可数名词。故填pleasure。 14．I am afraid the life we are used to ________________ (change) a lot in a few years’ time. 【答案】will change 【难度】0.85 【知识点】will/shall do结构 【详解】句意：恐怕我们习惯的生活在几年后会有很大的变化。根据“in a few years’ time”可知，时态用一般将来时“will do”，故填will change。 15．Oh, my God! Little John looks sad. I guess something ________ (happen) to him. 【答案】has happened 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成） 【详解】句意：天哪！小约翰看起来很伤心。我猜他发生了什么事。happen“发生”，动词；此处描述的是过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响（小约翰现在看起来伤心），需用现在完成时，主语“something”为不定代词，谓语结构用has done。故填has happened。 16．—I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why? —Because I ________ (wait) for an old friend from the USA． 【答案】was waiting 【难度】0.65 【知识点】wait、表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作 【详解】句意：——我昨天在会上没看见你。为什么？——因为我在等一位从美国来的老朋友。此处强调在过去开会的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是第一人称，be动词用was，故填was waiting。 17．We are happy to know that Judy ________ (marry) Harry the other day. 【答案】married 【难度】0.65 【知识点】married、过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：我们很高兴得知Judy前几天和Harry结婚了。根据“the other day”可知，这是一般过去时的时间状语，句子的谓语动词要用过去式，marry的过去式为married。故填married。 18．Everyone except the twins ________ (plan) the trip to Hainan at the moment. 【答案】is planning 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示正在进行的动作、动名词/不定代词作主语 【详解】句意：除了双胞胎，每个人此刻都在计划去海南的旅行。根据“at the moment”可知，句子是现在进行时态，表示正在进行的动作，结构为“be + doing”。主语“Everyone”是不定代词，be动词用is。故填is planning。 19．I ________ (complete) forgot about our meeting because I was so busy with my project. 【答案】completely 【难度】0.85 【知识点】completely、副词修饰动词 【详解】句意：我完全忘记了我们会议的事，因为当时我正忙于自己的项目。complete“完全的”，形容词，空缺处需用其副词形式修饰动词forgot。故填completely。 20．—Children’s Day is coming. I haven’t decided what ________ (buy) for my little son. —Perhaps a model plane is a good present. It’s his favourite. 【答案】to buy 【难度】0.85 【知识点】buy(bought bought)、to、疑问词+动词不定式 【详解】句意：——儿童节要来了。我还没决定给我的小儿子买什么。——也许一架模型飞机是个好礼物。这是他最喜欢的。根据“I haven’t decided what...for my little son.”可知，这里需要用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语，故填to buy。 三、选词填空 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空（多余一个）。   manage to   continue    right away     at a time     hand in    able The end-of-term week is always busy but full of growth. Last Monday, I 21 my English report to the teacher early in the morning. The weather was terrible with heavy rain, and the bus was full of people, but I still 22 arrive at school on time. After handing in the report, I reviewed my notes carefully. Since then, I 23 to plan my study time well and finish homework every day without delay. When the class bell rings, all students must return to their seats 24 to start the lesson. Our teacher also tells us to take out textbooks only one 25 to keep the classroom quiet. These small rules help us study better, and I believe we will get good results in the final exam. 【答案】21．handed in 22．managed to 23．have continued 24．right away 25．at a time 【难度】0.65 【知识点】记叙文、个人经历 【导语】本文主要介绍了在期末周作者上交英语报告的经历，以及之后在学习时间规划、遵守课堂规则等方面的情况，体现期末周忙碌且充满成长。 21．句意：上周一，我在清晨早早地把英语报告交给了老师。由“Last Monday”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。“hand in”表示“上交”，符合“把报告交给老师”的语境，hand in的过去式为handed in。 22．句意：暴雨天气很糟糕，公交车上也挤满了人，但我还是准时到达了学校。“manage to do sth.”表示“设法做成某事”，对应语境中“克服困难按时到校”。本句时态为一般过去时，manage to的过去式为managed to。 23．句意：从那以后，我继续合理规划学习时间，并且每天准时完成作业。“since then”是现在完成时标志词，现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。“continue to do”表示“继续做”，主语I对应的助动词为have，continue的过去分词是continued。 24．句意：当上课铃响时，所有学生必须立刻回到座位上开始上课。“right away”表示“立刻；马上”，修饰动词“return”，符合“上课铃响时，立刻回到座位上开始上课”的语境。 25．句意：我们的老师还告诉我们每次只拿出一本课本，以保持课堂安静。“at a time”表示“一次；每次”，固定搭配，符合“每次拿一本课本”的语境。 四、完形填空 During the past winter vacation, my family spent our New Year in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, which is famous for its porcelain (瓷) culture. We visited a museum that showed us how porcelain is made. On our way there, we 26 something special: Instead of using 27 materials, all the streetlights were covered in porcelain. Even the rubbish bins were made of porcelain. We were 28 by their creativity. At the museum, we learned about how to make porcelain. First, the porcelain clay needs to be 29 into something, like pots. Then, the craftsmen use a special 30 called ceramic glaze (釉) to draw patterns on its surface. It takes them many hours to finish because they work 31 on the fine patterns. After that, the craftsmen put the pieces into a kiln (窑) and burn them at a very high 32 for 12 to 24 hours. Finally, the porcelain can be taken out after it 33 down. As the saying goes, 34 only comes through hard work. It’s easy to see that making porcelain is very time-consuming (耗时的). But the craftsmen’s hard work has 35 beautiful works. On the last day of our trip, we went to Taoxichuan Ceramic Art Avenue. 36 you are porcelain lovers, you can go there to make your own porcelain works. Tourists walk through the market and 37 pieces they like. As we walked through the area, we chose souvenirs (纪念品) and enjoyed this historic 38 . I can now understand 39 Jingdezhen City is called “Porcelain Capital”. It is because of the local people’s deep 40 for porcelain. Their love makes them care about porcelain and share this wonderful traditional culture with the world. 26．A．noticed B．heard C．shared D．introduced 27．A．natural B．traditional C．special D．common 28．A．amazed B．relaxed C．excited D．stressed 29．A．shaken B．shaped C．pressed D．pushed 30．A．board B．brush C．paper D．paint 31．A．lonely B．completely C．carefully D．peacefully 32．A．temperature B．spirit C．mark D．risk 33．A．slows B．cools C．turns D．pulls 34．A．satisfaction B．difference C．interest D．success 35．A．came about B．came across C．resulted in D．resulted from 36．A．If B．But C．Even D．Though 37．A．work out B．pick out C．give out D．find out 38．A．matter B．subject C．art D．hit 39．A．what B．when C．how D．why 40．A．understanding B．learning C．feelings D．Meanings 【答案】 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】记叙文、传统工艺 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者全家人在寒假期间去江西景德镇过年的经历，参观了瓷器博物馆，了解了瓷器的制作过程，并游览了陶溪川陶瓷艺术大街，深刻感受到了景德镇作为“瓷都”的独特魅力和深厚的文化底蕴。 26．句意：在去博物馆的路上，我们注意到一些特别的事：路灯没有使用普通材料，而是全部用瓷器包裹着。 noticed注意到；heard听到；shared分享；introduced介绍。根据“Instead of using…materials, all the streetlights were covered in porcelain. Even the rubbish bins were made of porcelain.”可知，作者一家观察到了路灯和垃圾桶的特殊材质，这是他们注意到的现象。故选A。 27．句意：在去博物馆的路上，我们注意到一些特别的事：路灯没有使用普通材料，而是全部用瓷器包裹着。 natural自然的；traditional传统的；special特别的；common普通的，常见的。根据“Instead of using…materials, all the streetlights were covered in porcelain.”可知，通常路灯不是用瓷器做的，这里将瓷器这种特殊材料与金属等普通材料进行对比。故选D。 28．句意：我们被当地人的创造力震撼到了。 amazed惊讶的；relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的；stressed有压力的。根据“all the streetlights were covered in porcelain”以及“We were...by their creativity.”可知，这种意想不到的创意令人感到惊讶。故选A。 29．句意：首先，瓷土需要被塑造成罐子之类的器物。 shaken摇动；shaped塑造；pressed按压；pushed推。根据“First, the porcelain clay needs to be…into something, like pots.”可知，这是制作瓷器的第一步成型，即把泥土塑造成具体的形状。故选B。 30．句意：接着，工匠们用一种名为陶瓷釉的特殊颜料，在器物表面绘制图案。 board板；brush刷子；paper纸；paint颜料。根据“to draw patterns on its surface”可知，为了在表面画图案，需要使用特殊的颜料。故选D。 31．句意：绘制这些精细的图案要花上好几个小时，因为他们工作得格外仔细。 lonely孤独地；completely完全地；carefully仔细地，小心地；peacefully平静地。根据“It takes them many hours to finish”可知，这项工作耗时很长，说明工匠们在绘制精美图案时非常仔细、小心。故选C。 32．句意：之后，工匠们将坯体放入窑中，在极高的温度下烧制12到24小时。 temperature温度；spirit精神；mark标记；risk风险。根据“burn them at a very high…”可知，烧制过程需要极高的温度。故选A。 33．句意：最后，瓷器冷却之后才能从窑中取出。 slows减慢；cools冷却；turns转动；pulls拉。根据“the porcelain can be taken out after it…down.”可知，刚烧制完的瓷器温度极高，必须等它冷却下来才能取出。故选B。 34．句意：俗话说，成功来自勤奋。 satisfaction满意；difference不同；interest兴趣；success成功。根据“only comes through hard work”以及“the craftsmen’s hard work has…beautiful works”可知，这里引用谚语强调成功源于勤奋，且前文描述了制作瓷器的复杂过程，暗示这是一项艰巨的任务。故选D。 35．句意：但工匠们的辛勤付出最终造就了精美的瓷器作品。 came about发生；came across偶遇；resulted in导致；resulted from起因于。根据“But the craftsmen’s hard work has…beautiful works.”可知，辛勤工作是原因，美丽作品是结果，前者导致了后者。故选C。 36．句意：如果你是瓷器爱好者，可以去那里制作属于自己的瓷器作品。 If如果；But但是；Even甚至；Though虽然。根据“you are porcelain lovers, you can go there to make your own porcelain works”可知，这是一个假设条件，表示如果你是爱好者，就可以去那里制作属于自己的瓷器作品。故选A。 37．句意：游客们逛着集市，挑选自己喜欢的瓷器。 work out算出；pick out挑选；give out分发；find out查明。根据“Tourists walk through the market and…pieces they like.”可知，游客可以集市里挑选自己喜欢的瓷器。故选B。 38．句意：我们漫步在这片区域，挑选了纪念品，感受着这项历史悠久的艺术。 matter事情；subject科目；art艺术；hit打击。根据“Taoxichuan Ceramic Art Avenue”可知，瓷器在这里被视为一种艺术形式。故选C。 39．句意：我现在终于明白，为什么景德镇被称为“瓷都”。 what什么；when什么时候；how如何；why为什么。根据“It is because of the local people’s deep…for porcelain.”可知，后句在解释原因，因此前句是在陈述自己理解了为什么有这个称呼。故选D。 40．句意：这是因为当地人对瓷器有着深厚的感情。 understanding理解；learning学习；feelings感情；meanings意义。根据“Their love makes them care about porcelain”可知，这种爱体现了人们对瓷器的深厚感情。故选C。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 五、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Reading is a very important skill for students. It can open our minds and bring us lots of fun. But many students say they don’t like reading or don’t know how to choose the right books. 41 First, find a book that you are interested in. If you love animals, read books about animals. If you like stories, you can choose novels or storybooks. 42 You will never want to read it if the book is boring or too difficult. Second, make a fixed reading plan. You can read for 20 minutes every day after finishing homework. 43 Only in this way can you make reading a good habit. Third, learn to think while reading. You can write down your ideas or underline some beautiful sentences. 44 It helps you understand the book better and improve your writing skills. Last, share your books with your friends. You can talk about the stories or ideas together. 45 Reading can be more enjoyable when you share it with others. Start reading now and you will find a new world in books. A．It is not a good idea to read for too long at a time. B．Here are some useful ways to help you read better. C．Never read books that are not right for you. D．It is also helpful to write a short diary after reading. E．Everyone around you likes reading very much. F．Little by little, you will read faster and understand more. G．You can also learn different opinions from each other. 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．F 44．D 45．G 【难度】0.65 【知识点】方法/策略、阅读、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对学生不喜欢阅读或不知如何选择书籍的问题，提出了四条实用的建议，旨在帮助学生培养良好的阅读习惯，享受阅读的乐趣。 41．根据前文“But many students say they don’t like reading or don’t know how to choose the right books.”可知，文章提出了学生们在阅读方面遇到的困难。后文紧接着列出了“First... Second... Third... Last...”等具体建议。因此空格处应填入一个承上启下的句子，引出下文的建议。B选项“这里有一些有用的方法可以帮助你更好地阅读。”符合语境。 42．根据前文“If you love animals, read books about animals. If you like stories, you can choose novels or storybooks.”可知，前文建议读者选择自己感兴趣的书籍。后文“You will never want to read it if the book is boring or too difficult.”进一步解释了选择合适书籍的重要性。C选项“永远不要读不适合你的书。”与上下文逻辑一致，强调了选择适合自己书籍的原则。 43．根据前文“You can read for 20 minutes every day after finishing homework.”可知，这里建议制定固定的阅读计划，每天坚持阅读。F选项“渐渐地，你会读得更快，理解得更多。”符合语境。 44．根据前文“You can write down your ideas or underline some beautiful sentences.”可知，这里建议在读的过程中做记录。后文“It helps you understand the book better and improve your writing skills.”说明了这种做法的好处。D选项“读后写一篇简短的日记也很有帮助。”与前文的“write down”相呼应，且属于“think while reading”的延伸，符合语境。 45．根据前文“You can talk about the stories or ideas together.”可知，这里建议与朋友分享书籍。G选项“你们也可以互相学习不同的观点。”进一步阐述了分享阅读的好处，即通过交流获得不同的见解。 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。每题答案不超过10个单词。 Volunteering is becoming more and more popular among young people around the world. It means spending some of our free time helping others without asking for anything in return. We can do different kinds of volunteer work in our daily life. Some students choose to help clean up parks, streets or public libraries. Others volunteer at old people’s homes, where they read newspapers, chat with the elderly or do some simple housework for them. Some also help look after homeless animals or raise money for poor children in far villages. Volunteering does not require much money or great skills. What we need is kindness and patience. When we help others, we can also learn a lot. We can learn to care about people around us, understand the meaning of giving and feel the happiness of helping. Some students worry that volunteer work will take up too much study time. In fact, we can do it on weekends or during holidays. Even several hours a month can make a big difference to someone in need. It not only helps others but also makes ourselves grow as better people. 46．What is volunteering according to the passage? 47．Where do some students volunteer to help? 48．What do we need most to be a volunteer? 49．When can we do volunteer work? 50．What can we learn from volunteering? 【答案】46．Helping others for free. 47．At old people’s homes. 48．Kindness and patience. 49．On weekends or holidays. 50．Caring and the joy of giving. 【难度】0.85 【知识点】志愿服务、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了志愿服务的含义、可参与的志愿工作、成为志愿者所需的品质、做志愿的时间以及做志愿的收获。 46．第一段“It means spending some of our free time helping others without asking for anything in return.”明确说明了志愿者服务的含义，提炼核心信息即可。 47．第二段“Others volunteer at old people’s homes, where they read newspapers, chat with the elderly or do some simple housework for them.”说明了一些学生自愿帮忙的地点，直接提取地点即可。 48．第三段“What we need is kindness and patience.”明确指出成为志愿者最需要的是善意和耐心，直接提取。 49．最后一段“In fact, we can do it on weekends or during holidays.”指出了做志愿者工作的时间，直接提取。 50．倒数第二段“We can learn to care about people around us, understand the meaning of giving and feel the happiness of helping.”给出了做志愿者的收获，提炼核心得出答案。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $