高一英语下学期期末模拟卷01（上海专用，沪教版）

**基本信息** 本试卷以上海外语教学要求为基准，融合科技前沿（如公民科学、脑科学）、社会热点（城市园艺、废物贸易）及文化传承（二战家书）素材，通过真实情境考查语言能力，兼顾思维品质与学习能力培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|35分|非谓语动词、从句、词汇辨析|Section B以二战家书语篇填空，渗透文化意识；Section C聚焦环保、科技词汇，强化语境应用| |阅读理解|51分|社会议题（城市园艺）、跨学科（脑科学）|Section B通过“废物贸易”文本考查批判性思维；Section C七选五聚焦“拒绝的艺术”，提升语用能力| |翻译|14分|固定搭配（contradict）、特殊句型（Only倒装）|结合传统文化保护、心理健康等主题，考查语言准确性与表达多样性| |写作|15分|应用文（回信）|针对汉字学习困境提供策略，贴近学生实际，培养跨文化沟通能力|

2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（上海专用） 英语·全解全析 I. Grammar and Vocabulary (35 points) Section A (15 points) 1. ______ the early morning flight, Mr. Thompson arrived at the airport two hours in advance to avoid any possible delay. A. Catching B. To catch C. Having caught D. Caught 【答案】B 【导语】本题考查非谓语动词作状语，需辨析不定式与分词的区别。 【解析】句意：为了赶早班飞机，汤普森先生提前两小时到达机场以避免可能的延误。此处需要用不定式表示目的，说明提前到达机场是为了赶飞机。A项Catching表示伴随或主动进行；C项Having caught表示动作已完成；D项Caught表示被动。只有B项To catch符合目的状语的要求。 2. Many young people spend hours on social media every day, ______ that excessive screen time may harm their eyesight. A. not realized B. not to realize C. not realizing D. not having realized 【答案】C 【导语】本题考查现在分词作伴随状语，需判断主句与分词动作的逻辑关系。 【解析】句意：许多年轻人每天花数小时在社交媒体上，没有意识到过长的屏幕时间可能损害视力。主句主语young people与realize之间是主动关系，且realize与主句动作spend同时发生，故用现在分词的否定形式not realizing。A项表示被动；B项表示目的或将来；D项强调动作先于主句发生，均不符合语境。 3. The new bridge ______ across the Yangtze River by the end of next year will greatly shorten the traveling time between the two cities. A. completed B. being completed C. to be completed D. having completed 【答案】C 【导语】本题考查非谓语动词作定语，需根据时间状语判断动作的时态和语态。 【解析】句意：将于明年年底前完工的长江新桥将大大缩短两座城市之间的旅行时间。bridge与complete之间是被动关系，且by the end of next year表示将来时间，故用不定式的被动形式to be completed表示未来的被动动作。A项completed表示已完成；B项being completed表示正在被进行；D项having completed是主动形式且不能作定语修饰bridge。 4. ______ in a small coastal town, the writer drew inspiration from the sea and the daily lives of local fishermen for his novels. A. Raised B. Raising C. Being raised D. To raise 【答案】A 【导语】本题考查过去分词作状语，需判断主语与分词动作的被动关系。 【解析】句意：在一个沿海小镇长大的作家，从大海和当地渔民的日常生活中获取小说灵感。writer与raise（抚养）之间是被动关系，表示“被抚养长大”，故用过去分词Raised。B项Raising表示主动；C项Being raised强调正在被抚养；D项To raise表示目的，均不符合语境。 5. The little girl stood in front of the birthday cake, her eyes ______ with excitement and joy as she waited to make a wish. A. shone B. shining C. to shine D. having shone 【答案】B 【导语】本题考查独立主格结构，需理解“名词+分词”的语法形式。 【解析】句意：小女孩站在生日蛋糕前，眼睛因兴奋和喜悦而闪闪发光，等待许愿。her eyes与shine之间是主动关系，且与主句动作stood同时发生，故用现在分词shining构成独立主格结构（her eyes shining）。A项shone是谓语动词形式，不能用于此结构；C项to shine表示将来；D项having shone强调动作已完成。 6. With all the tasks ______ ahead of schedule, the team decided to treat themselves to a nice dinner at a restaurant. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. having finished 【答案】A 【导语】本题考查“with+名词+非谓语动词”结构，需判断被动关系。 【解析】句意：所有任务都提前完成后，团队决定去餐馆好好犒劳自己一顿。tasks与finish之间是被动关系，故用过去分词finished。B项finishing表示主动；C项to finish表示将来；D项having finished是主动形式且不能用于此结构。 7. The old temple, ______ dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of visitors who come to admire its ancient architecture every year. A. which B. where C. what D. when 【答案】A 【导语】本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系词选择。 【解析】句意：这座寺庙的历史可以追溯到唐朝，每年吸引成千上万前来欣赏其古建筑的游客。先行词temple指物，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。where表地点，在从句中作状语；what不能引导定语从句；when表时间，均不符合。 8. Online learning has become increasingly popular ______ it offers flexibility and convenience for students who cannot attend traditional classes. A. even though B. as if C. so that D. now that 【答案】D 【导语】本题考查状语从句连接词的含义辨析。 【解析】句意：在线学习变得越来越受欢迎，因为它为无法参加传统课堂的学生提供了灵活性和便利性。now that意为“既然，因为”，引导原因状语从句。A项even though“尽管”；B项as if“好像”；C项so that“为了，以便”，均不符合因果逻辑。 9. The scientist devoted his entire life to the research ______ findings have greatly influenced modern medical treatments. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【导语】本题考查定语从句中关系代词whose的用法，表示所属关系。 【解析】句意：这位科学家毕生致力于研究，其研究成果极大地影响了现代医学治疗。先行词research与findings之间存在所属关系（研究成果），故用whose。who指人；which指物，但不能表示所属；whom指人作宾语。 10. It was the encouragement and support from his parents ______ helped him overcome the difficulties and finally achieve his goal. A. which B. who C. what D. that 【答案】D 【导语】本题考查强调句型的结构识别，需掌握“It is/was...that...”的基本形式。 【解析】句意：正是来自父母的鼓励和支持帮助他克服了困难并最终实现了目标。强调句型结构为“It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分”，被强调部分是人或物时均可使用that。A项which不能用于强调句；B项who只能强调人但此处that同样正确且更常见；C项what不能引导强调句。故选D。 Section B (10 points) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Hidden Treasure in the Attic Last summer, while cleaning out her grandmother's attic, teenager Emma Watson made an extraordinary discovery. ____11____ (hide) inside an old wooden chest, she found a collection of handwritten letters tied with a faded ribbon. The letters, ____12____ (date) back to 1943, were written by her great-grandfather to his wife during World War II. "I could hardly believe ____13____ I was reading," Emma said in an interview. "The letters described his experiences as a soldier and how much he missed home. Some pages ____14____ (tear) and stained, but most of them were remarkably well preserved." Emma's grandmother, now 85 years old, had never seen the letters before. When Emma showed them to her, she burst into tears. "My father rarely spoke about the war," she explained. "These letters reveal ____15____ side of him I never knew." ____16____ (help) preserve the letters for future generations, Emma scanned each page and created a digital archive. She also reached out to a local museum, ____17____ experts offered to restore the damaged pages free of charge. "It was amazing to see how something so old could still feel so alive," Emma reflected. "These letters are not just pieces of paper; they are a bridge to the past. I hope people realize ____18____ important it is to keep such family treasures." The museum plans to display the letters in a special exhibition next spring. ____19____ (feature) alongside other wartime memorabilia, the exhibition aims to educate visitors about the personal side of history. Emma has been invited to speak at the opening ceremony, ____20____ she says is both "an honor and a responsibility." 11. Hidden 【解析】句意：藏在旧木箱里的是一捆用手写体写的信。letters与hide之间是被动关系，表示“被藏”，故用过去分词Hidden。注意首字母大写。 12. dating【解析】句意：这些可以追溯到1943年的信是她的曾祖父在二战期间写给曾祖母的。letters与date back to之间是主动关系，date back to意为“追溯到”，不用被动，故用dating。 13. what 【解析】句意：我几乎不敢相信我所读到的内容。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作reading的宾语，相当于the things that。 14. were torn 【解析】句意：有些页被撕破并弄脏了，但大多数保存得非常好。tear的过去分词为torn，主语pages与tear之间是被动关系，且与stained并列作谓语，需补充were，构成were torn。 15. a 【解析】句意：这些信揭示了我从未了解过的他的另一面。“a side”表示“一种侧面/方面”，泛指。 16. To help 【解析】句意：为了帮助后代保存这些信件，Emma扫描了每一页。To help表示目的，置于句首。 17. where 【解析】句意：她还联系了一家当地博物馆，那里的专家主动提出免费修复损坏的页面。先行词museum在定语从句中作地点状语（在博物馆里），故用where。 18. how 【解析】句意：我希望人们意识到保留这样的家族珍宝有多么重要。“how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”结构作realize的宾语。 19. Featured【解析】句意：这些信件与其他战时纪念品一起展出，展览旨在教育观众了解历史的个人层面。exhibition与feature之间是被动关系（被展出/被作为特色），故用Featured。 20. which 【解析】句意：Emma被邀请在开幕式上发言，她说这既是一种荣誉也是一种责任。which指代“被邀请发言”这件事，在定语从句中作主语。 Section C (10 points) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accurately B. annual C. avoid D. combined E. consumption F. emerge G. frequently H. increasingly I. participate J. physical K. survey 21. According to the latest ______, more than 60% of teenagers spend at least three hours a day on their smartphones. 【答案】K. survey 【解析】句意：根据最新调查，超过60%的青少年每天花至少三小时在智能手机上。survey意为“调查”，符合语境。 22. Regular ______ exercise, such as jogging or swimming, can significantly improve both mental and physical health. 【答案】J. physical 【解析】句意：规律的体育锻炼，如慢跑或游泳，可以显著改善心理健康和身体健康。physical exercise为固定搭配，意为“体育锻炼”。 23. To ______ the spread of the virus, health officials urged citizens to wear masks in crowded public spaces. 【答案】C. avoid 【解析】句意：为了避免病毒的传播，卫生官员敦促市民在拥挤的公共场所佩戴口罩。avoid意为“避免”，符合语境。 24. The ______ conference on environmental protection will be held in Shanghai next month... 【答案】B. annual 【解析】句意：一年一度的环保会议将于下个月在上海举行。annual意为“每年的，一年一度的”。 25. Scientists have developed a new AI system that can ______ predict weather patterns up to two weeks in advance. 【答案】A. accurately 【解析】句意：科学家开发了一种新的人工智能系统，可以准确地提前两周预测天气模式。accurately意为“准确地”，修饰predict。 26. With the rise of online shopping, traditional brick-and-mortar stores are ______ finding it difficult to compete. 【答案】H. increasingly 【解析】句意：随着网络购物的兴起，传统实体店越来越发现难以竞争。increasingly意为“越来越……地”。 27. The new educational program encourages students to ______ in community service activities during summer break. 【答案】I. participate 【解析】句意：新的教育项目鼓励学生在暑假期间参加社区服务活动。participate in为固定搭配，意为“参加”。 28. The ______ efforts of local residents and volunteers helped restore the park to its former beauty within months. 【答案】D. combined 【解析】句意：当地居民和志愿者的共同努力帮助公园在几个月内恢复了昔日的美丽。combined意为“联合的，共同的”。 29. Reducing meat ______ is one of the most effective ways to lower your personal carbon footprint. 【答案】E. consumption 【解析】句意：减少肉类消费是降低个人碳足迹最有效的方法之一。consumption意为“消费，消耗”。 30. As new technologies continue to ______, the job market will require workers to constantly update their skills. 【答案】F. emerge 【解析】句意：随着新技术不断涌现，就业市场将要求工人不断更新他们的技能。emerge意为“出现，兴起”。 II. Reading Comprehension (51 points) Section A (15 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In recent years, urban gardening has ____31____ from a niche hobby into a worldwide movement. From rooftop farms in Singapore to community gardens in Detroit, city residents are ____32____ empty spaces to grow their own food. This trend is not just a passing fashion; it represents a fundamental shift in how people think about food, community, and the environment. One of the most ____33____ benefits of urban gardening is improved access to fresh produce. In many cities, low-income neighborhoods are considered "food deserts" — areas where it is easier to buy processed snacks than fresh vegetables. Community gardens provide a(n) ____34____ to this problem. Residents can grow tomatoes, lettuce, and herbs right in their own neighborhoods, often at a fraction of the supermarket ____35____. Beyond nutrition, urban gardens serve as powerful community ____36____. When neighbors garden together, they share knowledge, tools, and stories. A study conducted in Denver found that blocks with community gardens had 40% less crime than blocks without them. "The garden becomes a(n) ____37____ space where people feel safe and connected," says Dr. Maria Santos, a sociologist who has studied urban gardening for over a decade. "It transforms strangers into neighbors." The environmental advantages are equally ____38____. Urban gardens reduce the "heat island" effect, where cities ____39____ more heat than surrounding rural areas. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping to ____40____ local air quality. Rainwater is absorbed by garden soil rather than running off into overburdened sewer systems, reducing the risk of floods. However, starting an urban garden is not without challenges. ____41____ soil in cities is often contaminated with heavy metals from years of industrial activity. Gardeners may need to build raised beds and bring in clean soil, which can be ____42____. Water access is another hurdle; not every empty lot has a convenient spigot. Despite these obstacles, the movement continues to grow. Schools are ____43____ gardening into their science curricula. Hospitals are prescribing gardening as a form of therapy for patients with anxiety and depression. Some cities have even changed zoning laws to make it ____44____ for residents to transform vacant lots into gardens. "Every seed planted is an act of hope," says James Chen, who started a community garden in his Brooklyn neighborhood. "You put a tiny seed into the ground, water it, and wait. It teaches you patience, responsibility, and faith in the future. That's something we all need, ____45____ where we live." 31. A. suffered B. recovered C. grown D. benefited 32. A. abandoning B. transforming C. protecting D. searching 33. A. immediate B. distant C. complex D. hidden 34. A. solution B. attitude C. access D. response 35. A. quality B. price C. service D. standard 36. A. centers B. problems C. studies D. conflicts 37. A. crowded B. private C. shared D. formal 38. A. confusing B. surprising C. familiar D. impressive 39. A. produce B. absorb C. release D. store 40. A. measure B. ignore C. improve D. examine 41. A. Rich B. Clean C. Urban D. Fresh 42. A. expensive B. simple C. quick D. enjoyable 43. A. forcing B. integrating C. dividing D. translating 44. A. harder B. stranger C. easier D. slower 45. A. no matter B. even if C. as long as D. as well as 31. C 本题考查动词词义辨析及上下文逻辑。句意：近年来，城市园艺已经从一个小众爱好发展成一场全球运动。grow from...into...意为“从……发展成……”。suffer from“遭受”；recover from“恢复”；benefit from“获益”。 32. B 句意：居民们正在把空置空间改造成自己种植食物的地方。transform...into...意为“把……改造成……”。abandon“抛弃”；protect“保护”；search“搜寻”，均不符合。 33. A 句意：城市园艺最直接的好处之一是改善了获取新鲜农产品的途径。immediate意为“直接的，即时的”。distant“遥远的”；complex“复杂的”；hidden“隐藏的”。 34. A 句意：社区花园为这个问题提供了一个解决方案。solution to the problem为固定搭配。attitude“态度”；access“通道”；response“回应”，搭配介词不同。 35. B 句意：居民可以在自己的社区种植西红柿、生菜和香草，价格通常只是超市价格的一小部分。at a fraction of the price意为“价格只是……的一小部分”。 36. A 句意：除了营养之外，城市花园还充当着强大的社区中心。community centers意为“社区中心”，符合下文描述邻居们一起交流、分享的语境。 37. C 句意：花园成为一个共享的空间，人们在那里感到安全和有联系。shared意为“共享的”。crowded“拥挤的”；private“私密的”；formal“正式的”。 38. D 句意：环境优势同样令人印象深刻。impressive意为“令人印象深刻的”。confusing“令人困惑的”；surprising“令人惊讶的”；familiar“熟悉的”。 39. D 句意：城市花园减少了“热岛”效应，即城市比周边农村地区储存更多的热量。store意为“储存”。produce“生产”；absorb“吸收”；release“释放”。 40. C 句意：植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，有助于改善当地的空气质量。improve意为“改善”。 41. C 句意：城市土壤通常因多年的工业活动而被重金属污染。urban soil意为“城市土壤”。 42. A 句意：园丁可能需要建造高架床并引入干净的土壤，这可能很昂贵。expensive符合上下文提到的困难和挑战。 43. B 句意：学校正在将园艺融入科学课程。integrate...into...意为“将……融入……”。 44. C 句意：一些城市甚至修改了分区法，让居民更容易将空地改造成花园。easier符合文意，表示积极的变化。 45. A 句意：无论我们住在哪里，这都是我们都需要的。no matter where = wherever，引导让步状语从句。 Section B (24 points) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A At 6:30 on a chilly November morning, fourteen-year-old Maya Patel was already awake. She wasn't studying for a test or scrolling through her phone. She was video-calling a retired oceanographer in Norway to discuss whale migration patterns. By 7:30, she had sent three emails to marine biologists asking for feedback on her research about microplastics. Before heading to school at 8:00, she reviewed data from a water quality monitoring device she had installed in the river behind her apartment building. Maya is not a child prodigy recruited by a university research lab. She is an ordinary eighth-grader who, like a growing number of young people around the world, is participating in citizen science — the practice where ordinary people contribute to real scientific research. The rise of affordable technology has made it possible for anyone with curiosity and a smartphone to become a data collector for scientists. There are now hundreds of citizen science projects active globally, ranging from counting backyard birds to classifying galaxies. The "Christmas Bird Count," organized by the National Audubon Society, has been running for over a century and has produced data used in hundreds of peer-reviewed studies. For students like Maya, the benefits extend beyond scientific contribution. "I used to think science was just something that happened in labs by old people in white coats," she admits. "Now I understand that science is about asking questions and looking for answers. I'm not just learning about the world; I'm helping to understand it." Teachers have noticed the difference. "When students participate in real research, their engagement changes completely," says Mr. Williams, Maya's science teacher. "They're no longer memorizing facts for a test. They're collecting data that matters. They make mistakes, figure out what went wrong, and try again. That's authentic learning." The quality of data collected by volunteers has improved dramatically with technology. Modern smartphone apps can record location, time, and even identify species using artificial intelligence. Some projects send participants testing kits for water or soil analysis. "We used to worry about amateur data," admits Dr. Peterson, a marine biologist. "But with proper training and technology, the data we get from citizen scientists is often as good as what our graduate students collect." Critics argue that citizen science cannot replace professional research, and they are correct. Complex experiments require controlled conditions and specialized equipment. However, for projects that require gathering large amounts of data over wide geographical areas, volunteers are invaluable. A single scientist cannot monitor 50 rivers at once, but 50 citizens can. As for Maya, her microplastic research recently caught the attention of a local environmental agency. They have invited her to present her findings at their annual conference. "I was nervous at first," she says. "Then I realized — I'm the expert on my river. I've been collecting data there every weekend for six months. I know more about it than anyone else." 46. What does the author intend to show by describing Maya's morning routine? A. How stressful a student's daily life can be. B. How deeply involved a young citizen scientist can be. C. How technology distracts students from their studies. D. How difficult it is to conduct scientific research. 47. According to the passage, what has made citizen science more accessible to ordinary people? A. The increasing number of scientific journals. B. The decline in professional scientific research. C. The availability of affordable technology. D. The requirement for students to do community service. 48. What advantage of citizen science does Dr. Peterson highlight? A. It produces data comparable to professional research in many cases. B. It completely eliminates the need for professional scientists. C. It focuses only on environmental issues. D. It requires no training or equipment. 49. What can be inferred about Maya's feelings toward her upcoming conference presentation? A. She is completely terrified and wants to cancel. B. She is confident because of her firsthand experience. C. She thinks it is a waste of her time. D. She expects it to be very easy. 46. B 本题考查写作意图，需理解开篇例子的作用。 作者详细描述Maya早晨与科学家视频通话、发邮件、分析数据等行为，目的是展示一个年轻的公民科学家能够多么深入地参与科学研究。A、C、D均与原文积极正面的态度不符。 47. C 根据第三段第一句：“The rise of affordable technology has made it possible for anyone with curiosity and a smartphone to become a data collector for scientists.” 可知，平价技术的普及是关键。 48. A 根据第七段Dr. Peterson的话：“the data we get from citizen scientists is often as good as what our graduate students collect.” 说明在许多情况下，公民科学收集的数据可与专业研究相媲美。 49. B 从最后一段Maya的话：“I was nervous at first... I'm the expert on my river. I've been collecting data there every weekend for six months. I know more about it than anyone else.” 可推断她因长期亲手收集数据而变得自信。 B On a cloudy afternoon in June 2022, a shipping container arrived at the port of Rotterdam from Shanghai. Inside were not the usual consumer goods — electronics, toys, or clothing — but something far more unusual: 3,000 metric tons of used cooking oil collected from restaurants across China. This shipment was part of a rapidly expanding trade that might seem strange at first glance: the global commerce of waste. For most of human history, waste was simply something to discard. What you couldn't use, you buried or burned. But the 21st century has witnessed a remarkable shift in perspective. Waste, it turns out, is not the end of a product's life cycle. It is simply the beginning of another. The economics of waste have transformed dramatically. Used cooking oil, once a disposal problem for restaurants, is now a valuable commodity. Processed into biofuel, it can power airplanes, ships, and trucks. A ton of used cooking oil that cost nothing to collect a decade ago now sells for over $1,000 on international markets. Similar transformations have occurred for electronic waste (gold and copper can be extracted from old circuit boards), plastic bottles (which can be melted and reformed into new products), and even construction debris (crushed concrete serves as aggregate for new buildings). Critics argue that the global waste trade simply shifts environmental problems from wealthy nations to poorer ones. There is truth to this criticism. For decades, rich countries shipped plastic waste to Southeast Asia, where it was often burned in open fields or dumped into rivers. China, once the world's largest importer of plastic waste, banned most imports in 2018, forcing developed nations to confront their own recycling problems. However, a new model is emerging — one based on transparency and mutual benefit. Rotterdam's "Waste to Resource" initiative, launched in 2020, uses blockchain technology to track waste shipments from origin to final processing. Buyers can verify that materials are actually recycled, not dumped. Sellers receive premium prices for certified sustainable waste. The transformation extends beyond economics. In Ghana, entrepreneur Sandra Chipo has built a business converting discarded plastic bags into paving stones that are stronger than concrete. In India, a startup called "Rich Waste" employs formerly homeless individuals to sort recyclables, providing stable income and housing. In Sweden, waste-to-energy plants burn non-recyclable trash to generate heat for half a million homes. "The old way of thinking treated waste as a problem to be hidden," explains Chipo. "The new way recognizes it as a resource we have been too blind to see." The challenges remain significant. Many countries lack the infrastructure to process waste safely. Regulations vary widely, creating opportunities for illegal dumping. And the economics do not always work — shipping waste across oceans generates its own carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the direction is clear. As raw material prices rise and environmental regulations tighten, the value of what we throw away will only increase. The humble garbage heap, it appears, is becoming something resembling a gold mine. 50. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To criticize wealthy nations for dumping waste on poorer countries. B. To describe how waste is being redefined as a valuable resource. C. To explain the technical process of converting waste to energy. D. To compare waste management practices across different countries. 51. According to the passage, what has changed about used cooking oil in recent years? A. It has become more difficult to collect from restaurants. B. It has transformed from a disposal problem into a valuable commodity. C. It can no longer be used to produce biofuel. D. Its price has dropped significantly. 52. What solution does Rotterdam's "Waste to Resource" initiative offer to the problems of the global waste trade? A. It completely stops all waste shipments from wealthy nations. B. It uses technology to track waste and ensure proper recycling. C. It burns all imported waste to generate electricity. D. It requires poor countries to handle their own waste. 53. What does Sandra Chipo's example demonstrate? A. Recycling is only possible in wealthy countries. B. Plastic bags cannot be effectively recycled. C. Innovative waste processing can create economic opportunities. D. Ghana has the world's most advanced recycling system. 50. B 本题考查文章主旨，需把握全文核心观点。 文章开篇以废食用油为例，后文多次强调“废物是另一种开端”“废物是未看见的资源”等，核心目的是说明废物正被重新定义为有价值的资源。 51. B 根据第三段：“Used cooking oil, once a disposal problem for restaurants, is now a valuable commodity.” 明确说明它从处理难题转变为有价值的商品。 52. B 根据第五段：“uses blockchain technology to track waste shipments from origin to final processing. Buyers can verify that materials are actually recycled, not dumped.” 53. C 第六段提到Chipo将废弃塑料袋制成比混凝土还坚固的铺路石，同时为无家可归者提供工作和住房，表明创新的废物处理可以创造经济机会。 C The human brain has long been compared to a computer. Both process information. Both store memories. Both can malfunction in frustrating ways. But the analogy (类比) is deeply flawed, and understanding these differences matters more than ever as artificial intelligence becomes increasingly sophisticated. A computer stores exact copies of information. When you save a photograph, every pixel remains identical to the original until deleted. The human brain, by contrast, stores no exact copies of anything. Each time you remember an event, your brain reconstructs it from scattered neural patterns. This reconstruction process is remarkably creative — and remarkably unreliable. Every act of remembering slightly alters the memory itself, which is why eyewitness testimony is notoriously unreliable and why siblings often remember the same childhood events differently. Computers process information sequentially. Even the fastest computer works through problems one step at a time, albeit billions of steps per second. The human brain operates differently. It processes information in parallel across billions of neurons simultaneously. You do not first identify edges, then shapes, then objects, then meaning when you see a face. All of this happens at once, which is why faces can be recognized in a fraction of a second. Perhaps the most significant difference lies in energy efficiency. The world's most powerful supercomputer requires megawatts of electricity. The human brain operates on approximately 20 watts — the energy consumption of a dim light bulb. This extraordinary efficiency emerges from the brain's physical structure. Every connection between neurons is both a processor and a memory unit. Computers keep these functions separate, forcing energy-wasting data movement between them. These differences suggest that the future of artificial intelligence may not lie in brute-force computing power but in brain-inspired designs. Engineers are now developing "neuromorphic" chips that mimic the brain's parallel processing and integrated memory-processor architecture. Early prototypes are thousands of times more energy-efficient than conventional chips for certain tasks. However, the brain's strengths come with weaknesses. Brains forget, misremember, and are influenced by emotion and fatigue. Brains cannot perform mathematical calculations with precision without training. Brains are maddeningly slow at tasks computers handle easily, such as multiplying large numbers or sorting data. Rather than viewing one as superior to the other, researchers increasingly see brains and computers as complementary systems. Computers handle computation, storage, and tasks requiring perfect accuracy. Brains handle creativity, emotional intelligence, and decision-making under uncertainty. The most powerful systems of the future will likely combine both — AI handling routine analysis while humans focus on strategy and innovation. "The goal is not to build computers that think like humans," says Dr. Hiroshi Watanabe, a leading AI researcher. "The goal is to build systems that amplify what humans do best while compensating for what we do poorly. That's not artificial intelligence. That's intelligence augmentation. And it's already happening all around us." 54. According to the passage, how does human memory differ from computer storage? A. Human memory stores exact copies like computers do. B. Human memory reconstructs events each time and alters them. C. Human memory only stores images, not facts. D. Human memory never makes mistakes. 55. What does the author mean by stating that the brain processes information "in parallel"? A. It processes multiple aspects of information simultaneously. B. It needs to complete one task before starting another. C. It uses only one neuron at a time. D. It cannot recognize faces quickly. 56. What advantage does the brain have over supercomputers in terms of energy? A. The brain requires more electricity to function. B. The brain operates much more efficiently using less power. C. The brain uses megawatts of power for complex tasks. D. The brain's efficiency comes from separating memory and processing. 57. What future direction for AI does the passage suggest? A. Building computers that perfectly copy human thinking. B. Replacing human brains with computers entirely. C. Developing systems that combine the strengths of both brains and computers. D. Focusing only on improving computer processing speed. 54. B 本题考查细节理解，需定位到第二段关于记忆的对比。 第二段指出：“Each time you remember an event, your brain reconstructs it... Every act of remembering slightly alters the memory itself.” 这与B项一致。 55. A 第三段解释平行处理：“It processes information in parallel across billions of neurons simultaneously... All of this happens at once.” 即同时处理多个方面的信息。 56. B 第四段明确对比：超级计算机需要兆瓦级电力，而人脑仅需约20瓦，效率极高。 57. C 第六段和最后一段指出：“researchers increasingly see brains and computers as complementary systems... The most powerful systems of the future will likely combine both.” Section C (12 points) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Art of Saying No In a world that constantly demands our attention, time, and energy, learning to say "no" is one of the most valuable skills we can develop. Yet for many people, declining requests feels uncomfortable, even painful. ___58___ Research in social psychology suggests that our difficulty with refusal stems from deep evolutionary roots. Early humans who were rejected from their tribes faced significantly lower chances of survival. As a result, the human brain developed a strong aversion to social rejection. ___59___ Studies using functional MRI scans show that social rejection activates the same brain regions associated with physical pain. Learning to say no effectively does not mean becoming selfish or uncooperative. ___60___ People who cannot say no often experience burnout, resentment, and diminished performance across all areas of life. By declining some requests, we create space for the commitments that truly matter to us. Psychologists have identified several strategies for graceful refusal. The "delayed no" involves asking for time to consider the request rather than responding immediately. This prevents the impulsive "yes" that many people regret. Another technique is the "positive no" — beginning with an expression of understanding or appreciation before clearly stating the refusal. ___61___ Perhaps most importantly, saying no requires practice. Like any skill, it becomes easier with repetition. Starting with small refusals builds confidence for larger ones. And contrary to what many fear, most people respect those who set clear boundaries. In fact, research indicates that individuals who say no appropriately are often perceived as more competent and trustworthy than those who agree to everything. A. It means making conscious choices about where to invest our limited resources. B. Rejection, even the anticipation of it, triggers genuine distress. C. For example, "I appreciate you thinking of me, but I cannot take on this project right now." D. Saying yes to everything is actually a sign of strong character. E. This ancient survival mechanism continues to influence modern behavior. F. The consequences of this inability range from chronic stress to weakened relationships. 58. F 前文提到拒绝请求让人感到不舒服甚至痛苦，F项“这种无力拒绝的后果从慢性压力到关系受损不等”自然承接上文，解释后果。 59. E 前文提到人类大脑对社交排斥有强烈的厌恶，这是源于进化，E项“这种古老的生存机制继续影响着现代行为”起到承上启下的作用，连接进化根源与现代研究。 60. A 前文说学会说不并不意味着变得自私，后文说无法说不的人会精疲力竭，A项“它意味着有意识地选择把有限的资源投入到哪里”解释了学会说不的真正含义。 61. C 前文介绍了“positive no”的技巧，即先表达理解再拒绝，C项给出了具体例子：“我很感激你想到我，但我现在不能承担这个项目。” 是对前文的例证。 Ⅳ. Translation (14 points) 62. 保护传统文化与追求现代化发展并不矛盾。(contradict) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Protecting traditional culture does not contradict pursuing modern development. 【解析】动名词短语作主语；contradict是及物动词，直接接宾语；注意否定形式。 63. 每天花十五分钟冥想可以显著降低压力水平。(Meditating) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Meditating for fifteen minutes every day can significantly reduce stress levels. 【解析】首字母大写；动名词作主语；注意时间状语的位置。 64. 读完这本书，你才会意识到保护海洋生态系统的紧迫性。(Only) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Only after finishing this book will you realize the urgency of protecting the marine ecosystem. 【解析】Only引导的状语置于句首时，主句需部分倒装；注意介词after后跟动名词。 65. 那个年轻企业家把他成功归功于从失败中吸取教训的能力，而不是运气。(owe) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The young entrepreneur owed his success to his ability to learn from failures rather than (to) luck. 【解析】owe...to... 意为“把……归功于……”；rather than连接并列结构；注意不定式短语作ability的定语。 V. Writing (15 points) Directions: Write an English composition of at least 80 words based on the following situation. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中提到他最近对学习中文很感兴趣，但觉得汉字很难记住，感到有些沮丧。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 表示理解并鼓励他不要放弃； 2. 分享两个你学习汉字的有效方法（例如：利用部首、制作字卡、多阅读等）； 3. 邀请他来中国体验中文学习环境。 注意：信件的格式已经给出，但不计入总字数。请在答题纸上完成写作。 Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I’m glad you’ve taken an interest in learning Chinese. I understand how you feel, but please don’t give up — Chinese characters are tricky, yet quite learnable with the right methods. Here are two tips that work for me. First, try learning characters through their radicals (部首). For example, characters with “氵” are usually related to water, such as “河” and “海”. Second, make your own word cards — write the character on one side and its meaning on the other, and review them daily. Why not come to China this summer? Staying in a real Chinese environment will help you improve quickly. I’d love to be your guide! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（上海专用） 英 语 I. Grammar and Vocabulary (35 points) Section A (15 points) 1. ______ the early morning flight, Mr. Thompson arrived at the airport two hours in advance to avoid any possible delay. A. Catching B. To catch C. Having caught D. Caught 2. Many young people spend hours on social media every day, ______ that excessive screen time may harm their eyesight. A. not realized B. not to realize C. not realizing D. not having realized 3. The new bridge ______ across the Yangtze River by the end of next year will greatly shorten the traveling time between the two cities. A. completed B. being completed C. to be completed D. having completed 4. ______ in a small coastal town, the writer drew inspiration from the sea and the daily lives of local fishermen for his novels. A. Raised B. Raising C. Being raised D. To raise 5. The little girl stood in front of the birthday cake, her eyes ______ with excitement and joy as she waited to make a wish. A. shone B. shining C. to shine D. having shone 6. With all the tasks ______ ahead of schedule, the team decided to treat themselves to a nice dinner at a restaurant. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. having finished 7. The old temple, ______ dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of visitors who come to admire its ancient architecture every year. A. which B. where C. what D. when 8. Online learning has become increasingly popular ______ it offers flexibility and convenience for students who cannot attend traditional classes. A. even though B. as if C. so that D. now that 9. The scientist devoted his entire life to the research ______ findings have greatly influenced modern medical treatments. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 10. It was the encouragement and support from his parents ______ helped him overcome the difficulties and finally achieve his goal. A. which B. who C. what D. that Section B (10 points) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Hidden Treasure in the Attic Last summer, while cleaning out her grandmother's attic, teenager Emma Watson made an extraordinary discovery. ____11____ (hide) inside an old wooden chest, she found a collection of handwritten letters tied with a faded ribbon. The letters, ____12____ (date) back to 1943, were written by her great-grandfather to his wife during World War II. "I could hardly believe ____13____ I was reading," Emma said in an interview. "The letters described his experiences as a soldier and how much he missed home. Some pages ____14____ (tear) and stained, but most of them were remarkably well preserved." Emma's grandmother, now 85 years old, had never seen the letters before. When Emma showed them to her, she burst into tears. "My father rarely spoke about the war," she explained. "These letters reveal ____15____ side of him I never knew." ____16____ (help) preserve the letters for future generations, Emma scanned each page and created a digital archive. She also reached out to a local museum, ____17____ experts offered to restore the damaged pages free of charge. "It was amazing to see how something so old could still feel so alive," Emma reflected. "These letters are not just pieces of paper; they are a bridge to the past. I hope people realize ____18____ important it is to keep such family treasures." The museum plans to display the letters in a special exhibition next spring. ____19____ (feature) alongside other wartime memorabilia, the exhibition aims to educate visitors about the personal side of history. Emma has been invited to speak at the opening ceremony, ____20____ she says is both "an honor and a responsibility." Section C (10 points) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accurately B. annual C. avoid D. combined E. consumption F. emerge G. frequently H. increasingly I. participate J. physical K. survey 21. According to the latest ______, more than 60% of teenagers spend at least three hours a day on their smartphones. 22. Regular ______ exercise, such as jogging or swimming, can significantly improve both mental and physical health. 23. To ______ the spread of the virus, health officials urged citizens to wear masks in crowded public spaces. 24. The ______ conference on environmental protection will be held in Shanghai next month... 25. Scientists have developed a new AI system that can ______ predict weather patterns up to two weeks in advance. 26. With the rise of online shopping, traditional brick-and-mortar stores are ______ finding it difficult to compete. 27. The new educational program encourages students to ______ in community service activities during summer break. 28. The ______ efforts of local residents and volunteers helped restore the park to its former beauty within months. 29. Reducing meat ______ is one of the most effective ways to lower your personal carbon footprint. 30. As new technologies continue to ______, the job market will require workers to constantly update their skills. II. Reading Comprehension (51 points) Section A (15 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In recent years, urban gardening has ____31____ from a niche hobby into a worldwide movement. From rooftop farms in Singapore to community gardens in Detroit, city residents are ____32____ empty spaces to grow their own food. This trend is not just a passing fashion; it represents a fundamental shift in how people think about food, community, and the environment. One of the most ____33____ benefits of urban gardening is improved access to fresh produce. In many cities, low-income neighborhoods are considered "food deserts" — areas where it is easier to buy processed snacks than fresh vegetables. Community gardens provide a(n) ____34____ to this problem. Residents can grow tomatoes, lettuce, and herbs right in their own neighborhoods, often at a fraction of the supermarket ____35____. Beyond nutrition, urban gardens serve as powerful community ____36____. When neighbors garden together, they share knowledge, tools, and stories. A study conducted in Denver found that blocks with community gardens had 40% less crime than blocks without them. "The garden becomes a(n) ____37____ space where people feel safe and connected," says Dr. Maria Santos, a sociologist who has studied urban gardening for over a decade. "It transforms strangers into neighbors." The environmental advantages are equally ____38____. Urban gardens reduce the "heat island" effect, where cities ____39____ more heat than surrounding rural areas. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping to ____40____ local air quality. Rainwater is absorbed by garden soil rather than running off into overburdened sewer systems, reducing the risk of floods. However, starting an urban garden is not without challenges. ____41____ soil in cities is often contaminated with heavy metals from years of industrial activity. Gardeners may need to build raised beds and bring in clean soil, which can be ____42____. Water access is another hurdle; not every empty lot has a convenient spigot. Despite these obstacles, the movement continues to grow. Schools are ____43____ gardening into their science curricula. Hospitals are prescribing gardening as a form of therapy for patients with anxiety and depression. Some cities have even changed zoning laws to make it ____44____ for residents to transform vacant lots into gardens. "Every seed planted is an act of hope," says James Chen, who started a community garden in his Brooklyn neighborhood. "You put a tiny seed into the ground, water it, and wait. It teaches you patience, responsibility, and faith in the future. That's something we all need, ____45____ where we live." 31. A. suffered B. recovered C. grown D. benefited 32. A. abandoning B. transforming C. protecting D. searching 33. A. immediate B. distant C. complex D. hidden 34. A. solution B. attitude C. access D. response 35. A. quality B. price C. service D. standard 36. A. centers B. problems C. studies D. conflicts 37. A. crowded B. private C. shared D. formal 38. A. confusing B. surprising C. familiar D. impressive 39. A. produce B. absorb C. release D. store 40. A. measure B. ignore C. improve D. examine 41. A. Rich B. Clean C. Urban D. Fresh 42. A. expensive B. simple C. quick D. enjoyable 43. A. forcing B. integrating C. dividing D. translating 44. A. harder B. stranger C. easier D. slower 45. A. no matter B. even if C. as long as D. as well as Section B (24 points) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A At 6:30 on a chilly November morning, fourteen-year-old Maya Patel was already awake. She wasn't studying for a test or scrolling through her phone. She was video-calling a retired oceanographer in Norway to discuss whale migration patterns. By 7:30, she had sent three emails to marine biologists asking for feedback on her research about microplastics. Before heading to school at 8:00, she reviewed data from a water quality monitoring device she had installed in the river behind her apartment building. Maya is not a child prodigy recruited by a university research lab. She is an ordinary eighth-grader who, like a growing number of young people around the world, is participating in citizen science — the practice where ordinary people contribute to real scientific research. The rise of affordable technology has made it possible for anyone with curiosity and a smartphone to become a data collector for scientists. There are now hundreds of citizen science projects active globally, ranging from counting backyard birds to classifying galaxies. The "Christmas Bird Count," organized by the National Audubon Society, has been running for over a century and has produced data used in hundreds of peer-reviewed studies. For students like Maya, the benefits extend beyond scientific contribution. "I used to think science was just something that happened in labs by old people in white coats," she admits. "Now I understand that science is about asking questions and looking for answers. I'm not just learning about the world; I'm helping to understand it." Teachers have noticed the difference. "When students participate in real research, their engagement changes completely," says Mr. Williams, Maya's science teacher. "They're no longer memorizing facts for a test. They're collecting data that matters. They make mistakes, figure out what went wrong, and try again. That's authentic learning." The quality of data collected by volunteers has improved dramatically with technology. Modern smartphone apps can record location, time, and even identify species using artificial intelligence. Some projects send participants testing kits for water or soil analysis. "We used to worry about amateur data," admits Dr. Peterson, a marine biologist. "But with proper training and technology, the data we get from citizen scientists is often as good as what our graduate students collect." Critics argue that citizen science cannot replace professional research, and they are correct. Complex experiments require controlled conditions and specialized equipment. However, for projects that require gathering large amounts of data over wide geographical areas, volunteers are invaluable. A single scientist cannot monitor 50 rivers at once, but 50 citizens can. As for Maya, her microplastic research recently caught the attention of a local environmental agency. They have invited her to present her findings at their annual conference. "I was nervous at first," she says. "Then I realized — I'm the expert on my river. I've been collecting data there every weekend for six months. I know more about it than anyone else." 46. What does the author intend to show by describing Maya's morning routine? A. How stressful a student's daily life can be. B. How deeply involved a young citizen scientist can be. C. How technology distracts students from their studies. D. How difficult it is to conduct scientific research. 47. According to the passage, what has made citizen science more accessible to ordinary people? A. The increasing number of scientific journals. B. The decline in professional scientific research. C. The availability of affordable technology. D. The requirement for students to do community service. 48. What advantage of citizen science does Dr. Peterson highlight? A. It produces data comparable to professional research in many cases. B. It completely eliminates the need for professional scientists. C. It focuses only on environmental issues. D. It requires no training or equipment. 49. What can be inferred about Maya's feelings toward her upcoming conference presentation? A. She is completely terrified and wants to cancel. B. She is confident because of her firsthand experience. C. She thinks it is a waste of her time. D. She expects it to be very easy. B On a cloudy afternoon in June 2022, a shipping container arrived at the port of Rotterdam from Shanghai. Inside were not the usual consumer goods — electronics, toys, or clothing — but something far more unusual: 3,000 metric tons of used cooking oil collected from restaurants across China. This shipment was part of a rapidly expanding trade that might seem strange at first glance: the global commerce of waste. For most of human history, waste was simply something to discard. What you couldn't use, you buried or burned. But the 21st century has witnessed a remarkable shift in perspective. Waste, it turns out, is not the end of a product's life cycle. It is simply the beginning of another. The economics of waste have transformed dramatically. Used cooking oil, once a disposal problem for restaurants, is now a valuable commodity. Processed into biofuel, it can power airplanes, ships, and trucks. A ton of used cooking oil that cost nothing to collect a decade ago now sells for over $1,000 on international markets. Similar transformations have occurred for electronic waste (gold and copper can be extracted from old circuit boards), plastic bottles (which can be melted and reformed into new products), and even construction debris (crushed concrete serves as aggregate for new buildings). Critics argue that the global waste trade simply shifts environmental problems from wealthy nations to poorer ones. There is truth to this criticism. For decades, rich countries shipped plastic waste to Southeast Asia, where it was often burned in open fields or dumped into rivers. China, once the world's largest importer of plastic waste, banned most imports in 2018, forcing developed nations to confront their own recycling problems. However, a new model is emerging — one based on transparency and mutual benefit. Rotterdam's "Waste to Resource" initiative, launched in 2020, uses blockchain technology to track waste shipments from origin to final processing. Buyers can verify that materials are actually recycled, not dumped. Sellers receive premium prices for certified sustainable waste. The transformation extends beyond economics. In Ghana, entrepreneur Sandra Chipo has built a business converting discarded plastic bags into paving stones that are stronger than concrete. In India, a startup called "Rich Waste" employs formerly homeless individuals to sort recyclables, providing stable income and housing. In Sweden, waste-to-energy plants burn non-recyclable trash to generate heat for half a million homes. "The old way of thinking treated waste as a problem to be hidden," explains Chipo. "The new way recognizes it as a resource we have been too blind to see." The challenges remain significant. Many countries lack the infrastructure to process waste safely. Regulations vary widely, creating opportunities for illegal dumping. And the economics do not always work — shipping waste across oceans generates its own carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the direction is clear. As raw material prices rise and environmental regulations tighten, the value of what we throw away will only increase. The humble garbage heap, it appears, is becoming something resembling a gold mine. 50. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To criticize wealthy nations for dumping waste on poorer countries. B. To describe how waste is being redefined as a valuable resource. C. To explain the technical process of converting waste to energy. D. To compare waste management practices across different countries. 51. According to the passage, what has changed about used cooking oil in recent years? A. It has become more difficult to collect from restaurants. B. It has transformed from a disposal problem into a valuable commodity. C. It can no longer be used to produce biofuel. D. Its price has dropped significantly. 52. What solution does Rotterdam's "Waste to Resource" initiative offer to the problems of the global waste trade? A. It completely stops all waste shipments from wealthy nations. B. It uses technology to track waste and ensure proper recycling. C. It burns all imported waste to generate electricity. D. It requires poor countries to handle their own waste. 53. What does Sandra Chipo's example demonstrate? A. Recycling is only possible in wealthy countries. B. Plastic bags cannot be effectively recycled. C. Innovative waste processing can create economic opportunities. D. Ghana has the world's most advanced recycling system. C The human brain has long been compared to a computer. Both process information. Both store memories. Both can malfunction in frustrating ways. But the analogy (类比) is deeply flawed, and understanding these differences matters more than ever as artificial intelligence becomes increasingly sophisticated. A computer stores exact copies of information. When you save a photograph, every pixel remains identical to the original until deleted. The human brain, by contrast, stores no exact copies of anything. Each time you remember an event, your brain reconstructs it from scattered neural patterns. This reconstruction process is remarkably creative — and remarkably unreliable. Every act of remembering slightly alters the memory itself, which is why eyewitness testimony is notoriously unreliable and why siblings often remember the same childhood events differently. Computers process information sequentially. Even the fastest computer works through problems one step at a time, albeit billions of steps per second. The human brain operates differently. It processes information in parallel across billions of neurons simultaneously. You do not first identify edges, then shapes, then objects, then meaning when you see a face. All of this happens at once, which is why faces can be recognized in a fraction of a second. Perhaps the most significant difference lies in energy efficiency. The world's most powerful supercomputer requires megawatts of electricity. The human brain operates on approximately 20 watts — the energy consumption of a dim light bulb. This extraordinary efficiency emerges from the brain's physical structure. Every connection between neurons is both a processor and a memory unit. Computers keep these functions separate, forcing energy-wasting data movement between them. These differences suggest that the future of artificial intelligence may not lie in brute-force computing power but in brain-inspired designs. Engineers are now developing "neuromorphic" chips that mimic the brain's parallel processing and integrated memory-processor architecture. Early prototypes are thousands of times more energy-efficient than conventional chips for certain tasks. However, the brain's strengths come with weaknesses. Brains forget, misremember, and are influenced by emotion and fatigue. Brains cannot perform mathematical calculations with precision without training. Brains are maddeningly slow at tasks computers handle easily, such as multiplying large numbers or sorting data. Rather than viewing one as superior to the other, researchers increasingly see brains and computers as complementary systems. Computers handle computation, storage, and tasks requiring perfect accuracy. Brains handle creativity, emotional intelligence, and decision-making under uncertainty. The most powerful systems of the future will likely combine both — AI handling routine analysis while humans focus on strategy and innovation. "The goal is not to build computers that think like humans," says Dr. Hiroshi Watanabe, a leading AI researcher. "The goal is to build systems that amplify what humans do best while compensating for what we do poorly. That's not artificial intelligence. That's intelligence augmentation. And it's already happening all around us." 54. According to the passage, how does human memory differ from computer storage? A. Human memory stores exact copies like computers do. B. Human memory reconstructs events each time and alters them. C. Human memory only stores images, not facts. D. Human memory never makes mistakes. 55. What does the author mean by stating that the brain processes information "in parallel"? A. It processes multiple aspects of information simultaneously. B. It needs to complete one task before starting another. C. It uses only one neuron at a time. D. It cannot recognize faces quickly. 56. What advantage does the brain have over supercomputers in terms of energy? A. The brain requires more electricity to function. B. The brain operates much more efficiently using less power. C. The brain uses megawatts of power for complex tasks. D. The brain's efficiency comes from separating memory and processing. 57. What future direction for AI does the passage suggest? A. Building computers that perfectly copy human thinking. B. Replacing human brains with computers entirely. C. Developing systems that combine the strengths of both brains and computers. D. Focusing only on improving computer processing speed. Section C (12 points) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Art of Saying No In a world that constantly demands our attention, time, and energy, learning to say "no" is one of the most valuable skills we can develop. Yet for many people, declining requests feels uncomfortable, even painful. ___58___ Research in social psychology suggests that our difficulty with refusal stems from deep evolutionary roots. Early humans who were rejected from their tribes faced significantly lower chances of survival. As a result, the human brain developed a strong aversion to social rejection. ___59___ Studies using functional MRI scans show that social rejection activates the same brain regions associated with physical pain. Learning to say no effectively does not mean becoming selfish or uncooperative. ___60___ People who cannot say no often experience burnout, resentment, and diminished performance across all areas of life. By declining some requests, we create space for the commitments that truly matter to us. Psychologists have identified several strategies for graceful refusal. The "delayed no" involves asking for time to consider the request rather than responding immediately. This prevents the impulsive "yes" that many people regret. Another technique is the "positive no" — beginning with an expression of understanding or appreciation before clearly stating the refusal. ___61___ Perhaps most importantly, saying no requires practice. Like any skill, it becomes easier with repetition. Starting with small refusals builds confidence for larger ones. And contrary to what many fear, most people respect those who set clear boundaries. In fact, research indicates that individuals who say no appropriately are often perceived as more competent and trustworthy than those who agree to everything. A. It means making conscious choices about where to invest our limited resources. B. Rejection, even the anticipation of it, triggers genuine distress. C. For example, "I appreciate you thinking of me, but I cannot take on this project right now." D. Saying yes to everything is actually a sign of strong character. E. This ancient survival mechanism continues to influence modern behavior. F. The consequences of this inability range from chronic stress to weakened relationships. Ⅳ. Translation (14 points) 62. 保护传统文化与追求现代化发展并不矛盾。(contradict) _______________________________________________________________________________ 63. 每天花十五分钟冥想可以显著降低压力水平。(Meditating) _______________________________________________________________________________ 64. 读完这本书，你才会意识到保护海洋生态系统的紧迫性。(Only) _______________________________________________________________________________ 65. 那个年轻企业家把他成功归功于从失败中吸取教训的能力，而不是运气。(owe) _______________________________________________________________________________ V. Writing (15 points) Directions: Write an English composition of at least 80 words based on the following situation. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中提到他最近对学习中文很感兴趣，但觉得汉字很难记住，感到有些沮丧。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 表示理解并鼓励他不要放弃； 2. 分享两个你学习汉字的有效方法（例如：利用部首、制作字卡、多阅读等）； 3. 邀请他来中国体验中文学习环境。 注意：信件的格式已经给出，但不计入总字数。请在答题纸上完成写作。 Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（上海专用） 英语·参考答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary (35 points) Section A (15 points) 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D Section B (10 points) 11. Hidden 12. dating 13. what 14. were torn 15. a 16. To help 17. where 18. how 19. Featured 20. which Section C (10 points) 21. K 22. J 23.C 24. B 25. A 26. H 27. I 28.D 29. E 30.F II. Reading Comprehension (51 points) Section A (15 points) 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. C 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A Section B (24 points) 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. B 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. A 56. B 57. C Section C (12 points) 58. F 59. E 60. A 61. C Ⅳ. Translation (14 points) 62.Protecting traditional culture does not contradict pursuing modern development. 63.Meditating for fifteen minutes every day can significantly reduce stress levels. 64. Only after finishing this book will you realize the urgency of protecting the marine ecosystem. 65.The young entrepreneur owed his success to his ability to learn from failures rather than (to) luck. V. Writing (15 points) 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I’m glad you’ve taken an interest in learning Chinese. I understand how you feel, but please don’t give up — Chinese characters are tricky, yet quite learnable with the right methods. Here are two tips that work for me. First, try learning characters through their radicals (部首). For example, characters with “氵” are usually related to water, such as “河” and “海”. Second, make your own word cards — write the character on one side and its meaning on the other, and review them daily. Why not come to China this summer? Staying in a real Chinese environment will help you improve quickly. I’d love to be your guide! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $