Unit 7 核心词汇及短语精讲课件 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件围绕太空探索主题，聚焦核心词汇与短语教学。课堂导入通过“太空生活工作”等自由讨论问题及“零重力”“太空舱”等拓展词汇，连接生活经验与太空场景，为后续词汇学习构建认知支架。 其特色在于词汇教学体系化，每个单词从词族、短语到易混辨析（如hit与strike等动词对比）层层深入，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。多样化练习（填空、完形等）强化应用，助力学生提升词汇运用能力，教师可直接利用系统资源优化教学效率。

Abby Lesson 7 Space exploration vocabulary & phrases 01. warming up free talk Think What is it like to live and work in space? Why is space junk a problem? How can we explore space? What do you know about the development of China’s space station? 词汇拓展 do exercise – 做运动 do experiments – 做实验 float around – 四处飘浮 look at the Earth from space – 从太空看地球 move carefully – 小心移动 perform a spacewalk – 进行太空行走 sleeping bag – 睡袋 food pouch – 食品袋 zero gravity – 零重力；失重 space capsule – 太空舱（宇航员生活、工作的封闭空间） lab module – 实验舱（用于开展各类太空实验的舱段） control panel – 控制面板（操作太空设备、仪器的面板） satellite repair – 卫星维修 data collection – 数据收集 02. Key words Vocabulary New words 1 Key word afford v. 负担得起；承担得起（后果）；抽得出（时间） Examples The country cannot afford another failed launch. Word family & examples afford v.______________ Many families cannot afford a ticket to the space museum. afford v.___________________ We cannot afford to waste oxygen during the mission. afford v._________________ Can you afford to spend two hours building the model rocket? affordable adj.___________________ The club offers affordable science kits for students. 负担得起 承担得起，经受得住 抽得出（时间）做 价格合理的，负担得起的 Collocation afford: Useful phrases cannot afford to do sth. 负担不起/承担不起做某事 We cannot afford to waste oxygen during the mission. afford the cost of 负担得起……的费用 Many families cannot afford the cost of a space camp. afford time for 抽出时间做…… Can you afford time for the model rocket project? Practice afford: Word practice 1. We cannot __________ another delay in the space project. 2. Many students cannot afford __________ to the science camp. 3. These books are cheap and __________ for most families. afford to go affordable Vocabulary New words 2 Key word stick v. 粘住；刺入；坚持；n. 枝条；棍 Examples Word family & examples stick v._________________ This label will not stick to the model rocket. stick v.______________ The team stuck to the safety rules during the test. stick v.______________ A tiny piece of metal stuck in the machine. sticky adj.___________ The glue became sticky after a few minutes. Good astronauts stick to the plan even under pressure. 粘住；粘贴 坚持；遵守 刺入；卡住 黏的 Collocation stick: Useful phrases stick to the plan/rules 坚持计划/遵守规则 The team must stick to the schedule if they want to finish on time. stick in one's mind 留在某人的脑海里 The picture of Mars stuck in my mind after the class. be stuck in 被困在……中 The robot was stuck in the sand for a short time. Practice stick: Word practice 1. The team must __________ the schedule if they want to finish on time. 2. The picture of Mars __________ in my mind after the class. 3. The robot was __________ in the sand for a short time. stick to stuck stuck Vocabulary New words 3 Key word hit v. 击中；达到；突然想到；n. 轰动的事物 Examples Word family & examples hit v.________________ The ball hit the target in the test lab. hit v.___________ The project finally hit its goal this month. hit v._______________ An idea hit me while I was reading about the moon. hit n.________________ The song about stars became a big hit online. A small rock hit the outside of the old satellite. 击中 达到 突然想到 受欢迎的事物；成功 Collocation hit: Useful phrases hit the target 击中目标 The ball hit the target in the test lab. hit a goal/record 达到目标/纪录 The project finally hit its goal this month. it hit sb. that... 某人突然意识到…… It suddenly hit me that practice was necessary. Compare 易混辨析: hit / strike / beat / knock hit 强调“碰到、击中”，也可表示某个想法突然想到。 The stone hit the side of the machine. strike 较正式，常表示“撞击、打击”，语气比 hit 更书面。 The rocket struck a piece of space junk. beat 强调连续敲打、反复击打。 The ball beat against the window in the wind. knock 强调“撞倒、敲击”某物，动作感更强，口语常见。 The player knocked the bottle off the desk. Practice hit: Word practice 1. The spaceship finally __________ its target orbit. 2. It suddenly __________ me that practice was necessary. 3. The new science video became a big __________ among students. hit hit hit Vocabulary New words 4 Key word destroy v. 破坏；摧毁；毁灭 Examples Word family & examples destroy v.______________ The explosion destroyed the broken machine. destroy v._____________ Pollution can destroy the environment on Earth. destruction n._____________ The storm caused great destruction near the launch center. destructive adj._____________ The report warns us about the destructive power of space junk. A fire can destroy years of careful research. 毁坏；摧毁 破坏，毁灭 破坏；毁灭 造成破坏的 Collocation destroy: Useful phrases destroy the environment/evidence 破坏环境/证据 Pollution can destroy the environment on Earth. cause destruction to 对……造成破坏 The storm caused destruction to the launch center. destructive power 破坏力 Space junk has destructive power. Compare 易混辨析: destroy / damage / ruin / break destroy 强调彻底摧毁，常表示“毁掉整体”或“完全失去作用”。 The fire destroyed the old records completely. damage 强调“损坏、受损”，程度一般没有 destroy 那么彻底。 The storm damaged several windows. ruin 既可指实物损坏，也常指计划、心情、名声等被毁掉。 The rain ruined our plan for the night sky show. break 常指具体物体“弄坏、打碎”，口语里很常见。 Someone broke the model by mistake. Practice destroy: Word practice 1. Space junk may __________ working satellites. 2. The storm caused serious __________ to the test site. 3. We should stop __________ activities in space. destroy destruction destructive Vocabulary New words 5 Key word probable adj. 很可能的；大概的 Examples Word family & examples probable adj._______________ It is probable that the team will test the rocket again tomorrow. probably adv. ________________ The rocket will probably take off after noon. probability n.___________ There is a high probability of success this time. improbable adj.______________ Heavy clouds make an early launch improbable. It is probable that the launch will be delayed by rain. 很可能的 很可能；大概 可能性 不太可能的 Collocation probable: Useful phrases it is probable that... 很可能…… It is probable that the rocket will succeed. probably do sth. 很可能做某事 The team will probably test the machine again. the probability of ……的可能性 There is a high probability of success. Compare 易混辨析: probable / possible / likely probable 较正式，常见结构是 it is probable that... It is probable that the test will be delayed. possible 强调“有可能”，也可用于 it is possible to do sth. It is possible to see Venus tonight. likely 常用于 be likely to do / it is likely that... The team is likely to arrive early. Practice probable: Word practice 1. It is __________ that the weather will change quickly. 2. The team will __________ test the machine again. 3. There is a high __________ of success. probable probably probability Vocabulary New words 6 Key word select v. 选择；挑选 Examples Word family & examples select v.______________ The teacher selected three students for the final report. selection n._____________ This is one of the best selections in the exhibition. selected adj.________________ Only selected pictures were shown on the wall. selective adj.______________ We should be selective when choosing information online. The coach helped us select the best design for the rover. 挑选；选择 选择；精选品 精选的；被选中的 有选择性的 Collocation select: Useful phrases select... from... 从……中挑选…… Please select one topic from the list. select sb. for/as... 选某人参加/担任…… The teacher selected three students for the final report. a careful selection of 精心挑选的…… The final selection includes five student posters. Compare 易混辨析: select / choose / pick / elect select 强调经过比较后“精心挑选”。 The teacher selected the best model for the show. choose 最常用，表示一般性的“选择”。 I chose Mars for my project. pick 口语化，强调凭直觉或随手选。 She picked a blue cover for the notebook. elect 强调通过投票“选举”。 The class elected Tom monitor. Practice select: Word practice 1. Please __________ one topic from the list. 2. The final __________ includes five student posters. 3. Only __________ students can join the special trip. select selection selected Vocabulary New words 7 Key word serve v. 服务；供应；起作用；担任 Examples Word family & examples serve v._________________ This machine serves the whole science club. serve v.___________________ The room serves as a small control center. serve v.______________ The worker served drinks to the visitors after the talk. service n.___________ The hotel provides excellent service for young guests. Satellites serve people by sending useful weather data. 服务；为……工作 起……作用；可用作 提供；端上 服务 Collocation serve: Useful phrases serve as 充当；用作 This desk can serve as a workbench. serve sb. with sth. 用……招待某人 The worker served drinks to the visitors after the talk. public service 公共服务 Satellites provide useful public service. Practice serve: Word practice 1. This desk can __________ as a workbench. 2. The robot gives helpful __________ to visitors. 3. Satellites __________ people in many different ways. serve service serve Vocabulary New words 8 Key word deliver v. 递送；运送；发表；履行 Examples Word family & examples deliver v._______________ The company delivered the parts on time. deliver v._________________ She delivered a speech about life in space. deliver v._______________ The team promised to deliver good results. delivery n.__________________ The food delivery arrived before noon. The cargo ship can deliver fresh supplies to the station. 递送；运送 发表；讲（演讲） 履行；实现 递送；投递 Collocation deliver: Useful phrases deliver supplies/news 运送补给/传递消息 The rocket will deliver tools to the space lab. deliver a speech/report 发表演讲/作报告 She delivered a speech about life in space. special delivery 特快投递 The food delivery arrived before noon. Practice deliver: Word practice 1. The rocket will __________ tools to the space lab. 2. Our leader __________ a short report yesterday. 3. The __________ was late because of the rain. deliver delivered delivery Vocabulary New words 9 Key word supply v. 供应；提供；n. 补给品；供应量 Examples Word family & examples supply v._______________ The station supplies the team with fresh air. supply n.________________ Food supplies are stored near the door. supplier n.________________ The factory is one of the main suppliers of robot parts. in short supply_______________ Clean water is in short supply in some dry areas. The base must supply astronauts with enough water and food. 供应；提供 补给品；供应量 供应商 供应不足 Collocation supply: Useful phrases supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 The school supplied us with science materials. supply sth. to sb. 把某物供应给某人 The base supplies water to astronauts. medical/food supplies 医疗/食物补给 Food supplies are stored near the door. Compare 易混辨析: supply / provide / offer supply 强调稳定、持续地提供，常见结构 supply sb. with sth. The school supplied us with science materials. provide 常见结构 provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. The guide provided us with a map. offer 强调主动提出给予。 The museum offered free tickets to students. Practice supply: Word practice 1. The lab can __________ students with new tools. 2. We need more food __________ before the trip. 3. Water is sometimes in short __________ on long journeys. supply supplies supply Vocabulary New words 10 Key word point n. 要点；观点；点；v. 指向；指出 Examples Word family & examples point n.________________ That is an important point in the article. point v.____________ The teacher pointed at the map of the moon. point out___________ Please point out the mistake in this sentence. there is no point in doing sth.___________________ There is no point in arguing about a small error. The report points out why space exploration matters. 要点；观点 指向 指出 做某事没有意义 Collocation point: Useful phrases point at/to 指向 The teacher pointed at the map of the moon. point out the reason/problem 指出原因/问题 Please point out the mistake in this sentence. make a point 说明重点；强调 The article makes a point about hard practice. Practice point: Word practice 1. Please __________ out the key word in the sentence. 2. That is the main __________ of the passage. 3. There is no point in __________ the same mistake again. point point making Exercise Practice 1: 用所给词的正确形式填空 1. Few families can __________ a private trip into space. (afford) 2. Please __________ to the facts when you write your report. (stick) 3. A tiny rock __________ the side of the test machine yesterday. (hit) 4. The storm almost __________ the small satellite model. (destroy) 5. It is __________ that the launch will be delayed. (probable) 6. The teacher asked us to __________ one photo for the cover. (select) 7. This screen can also __________ as a touch board. (serve) 8. The company will __________ food to the research team. (delivery) 9. Water __________ must be checked before the journey. (supply) 10. The article __________ out the value of hard practice. (point) afford stick hit destroyed probable select serve deliver supplies points Exercise Practice 2: 选择正确词形或短语完成句子 1. It is __________ that the team will return before dark. (probable / probably) 2. We cannot afford __________ time during the final test. (waste / to waste) 3. The machine was damaged __________ and needed to be checked again. (by mistake / on time) 4. The rocket will __________ as soon as the sky is clear. (take off / turn out) 5. The teacher asked us to __________ the best answer from four choices. (select / destroy) 6. The result __________ to be better than we expected. (turned out / pointed out) 7. The guide __________ us with enough information before the trip. (supplied / hit) 8. There is no point in __________ the same wrong data again. (copying / to copy) probable to waste by mistake take off select turned out supplied copying 03. Key phrases Phrases Phrase 1: take off Meaning take off 起飞；突然成功；脱下 Patterns from the handout The rocket will take off at 9:00 tomorrow morning. ___________________ The new project took off after the science fair. ___________________ Please take off your gloves before using the machine. ___________________ take off 起飞 take off 突然成功；迅速发展 take off 脱下 Phrases Phrase 2: turn out Meaning turn out 结果是；证明是；生产 Patterns from the handout The test turned out to be much harder than we expected. _______________________ More students turned out for the space lecture than last year. _______________________ The factory turns out hundreds of small parts every day. _______________________ turn out 结果是；证明是 turn out 出席；到场 turn out 生产；制造 Phrases Phrase 3: cannot afford Meaning cannot afford 负担不起；承受不起 Patterns from the handout We cannot afford to ignore a small mistake in space work. cannot afford to do sth. _________________________ Young students cannot afford expensive training every week. cannot afford sth. _________________________ 经不起做某事；没有条件做某事 买不起/负担不起某物 Phrases Phrase 4: by mistake Meaning by mistake 错误地；无意中 Patterns from the handout I sent the wrong picture by mistake. He took my notebook by mistake after the club meeting. do sth. by mistake _______________ By mistake, the machine was turned on too early. by mistake / by accident ________________ 误做某事 错误地/偶然地 Phrases Phrase Compare: by mistake / by accident by mistake I sent the wrong file by mistake. _____________________ He took my notebook by mistake after the club meeting. by accident We met the scientist by accident. _______________________ by mistake / by accident 错误地 / 偶然地 强调“弄错了、误做了” 强调“偶然地、意外地” Exercise Practice 3: 根据中文提示完成句子 1. 火箭将在明天早上九点起飞。 The rocket will __________ __________ at 9:00 tomorrow morning. 2. 结果证明这个想法非常有用。 The idea __________ __________ to be very useful. 3. 我们承受不起再犯同样的错误。 We __________ __________ to make the same mistake again. 4. 他误把我的图纸拿走了。 He took my drawing __________ __________. 5. 请指出报告中的两个要点。 Please __________ __________ two main points in the report. 6. 这个小房间可以用作控制中心。 This small room can __________ __________ a control center. take off turned out cannot afford by mistake point out serve as Review Integrated Practice: 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Last month, our school held a "Space Exploration Week". We visited the science lab, watched launch videos and built small rocket models. At first, I thought the task would be easy, but it soon turned 1 that careful work was more important than quick work. Before each activity, our teacher asked us to 2 the right tools and stick 3 the safety rules. During the model test, one rocket did not take off because a student had placed one part the wrong way 4 mistake. We laughed, fixed it and tried again. In the end, I learned a key 5: we cannot afford to ignore small details in science. Good teamwork can also 6 us well, because every member notices something different. Our group used extra water bottles as space-station models, and the idea turned 7 to be successful. The lab then offered to 8 our work in the school hall. We felt proud because our simple project could 9 useful ideas to younger students and help them understand why schools should 10 students with chances to learn by doing. Options 1. A. out B. off C. over D. up 2. A. destroy B. select C. point D. hit 3. A. with B. by C. to D. for 4. A. by B. with C. for D. in 5. A. supply B. point C. stick D. service 6. A. serve B. hit C. destroy D. select 7. A. over B. away C. out D. down 8. A. deliver B. hide C. drop D. miss 9. A. afford B. take C. stick D. deliver 10. A. point B. supply C. select D. turn Answers: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B Vocabulary can launch ideas See you next time $