专题08---定语从句专题-备战高考英语语法冲刺宝典

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考定语从句核心考点，涵盖关系代词、关系副词、“介词+关系代词”及限定性与非限定性从句等内容，按“概念辨析-分类讲解-用法突破”逻辑架构知识体系。通过课前诊断练习、考点梳理、真题精讲（如2023全国甲卷等）及方法指导（“判-找-代-选”解题步骤），帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破从句成分分析等难点，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用“分层进阶训练”模式，基础练习夯实关系词选用能力，巩固练习结合完成句子提升语言表达，拔高练习通过语法填空强化语用综合技能。融入高考真题情境培养学生思维品质，如通过“介词+关系代词”结构训练提升语言运用能力，助力学生在有限时间内高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供实用教学支持。

专题 08 定语从句专题--备战2027年高考英语一轮语法冲刺宝典 定语从句 【课前练习】（4minutes) 1． 单句语法填空 1. We are in the era there are great opportunities for those who are competent. 2．Unlike surfing, you stand on the board, body-boarding has you lying flat. 3．The journey marks a new milestone, demonstrating how China’s cultural works are crafted for the world. As the strings vibrate, they signal a future platform cultural dialogue is enriched. 4．For example, you may find yourself in a job interview you’re competing against other applicants. 5．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. 6．Acquiring knowledge is not only a means which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much you do not know. 7．Some experts think reading is the basic skill on school education depends. 8．We climbed up to the ancient tower overlooking the Gan River, from we can admire the breathtaking view in the setting sun. 9．The train I’m travelling on is for Shanghai. 10．She is the teacher I’ve learned a lot from. 二．单句填空 1.Yesterday she sold her car,__she bought a month ago. A.whom B.where C. that D.which 2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week._the weather may be better. A.that B.where C.which D.when 3.I walked in our garden,_Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A.which B.when C.where D. that 4.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city. A.whom B.which C.them D.those 5.Gun control is a subject____Americans have argued for a long time. A.of which B.with which C. about which D.into which 三．划出下列句子中的定语从句 1.The exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2022. 2.Among the many dangers, which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 一．判断定语从句 1.识别和划出定语从句 (1)识别定语 a clever/handsome boy the polluted water fallen leaves the cat behind the door the girl standing under the tree stories in the Long March 二．概念 定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代询的从句叫定语从句。 先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Poter. 关系词:连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。 注意: 关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等) 关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为: 关系代词:在从句中做主、宾表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as) 关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why) 【过关检测】画出定语从句并翻译(8mins) 1. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the beginning of the year. 2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 3.A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. 4.English a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which use it differently 5.It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year. 二、定语从句分类 限定性定语从句VS非限定性定语从句(1)分类与辨别 定语从句分为:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 辨别:限定性定语从句的关系词和先行词之间没有逗号，而非限定性定语从句则有逗号分开。如: The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.(限制性定语从句) The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. (非限制性定语从句) 【过关检测】同义句转换 ①That is his father,and he works in Shanghai That is his father,_______works in Shanghai. ②I like the boy,who is very lovely. I like the boy,___________he is very lovely. ③He told me a story yesterday, and I thought it was very interesting. He told me a story yesterday,_________I thought was very interesting. 三.定语从句各类关系词及用法 (i)关系代词 代词 先行词 在从句中成分 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 that 人/物 主语/宾语 which 事/物 主语/宾语 as 人/事/物 主语/宾语 whose 人/物 定语 a. who/whom(先行词指人，who在从句中做主语、whom在从句中做宾语) She is the girl who( that)lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。 Do you know the boy who(that)is standing there? 你认识正站在那里的那个男孩吗? That's the girl(whom/who that)Iteach.那就是我教的女孩。 This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.(=This is the scientist,of whom the achievements are well known.)这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 That is the book(that/which) I want to read.那就是我想要读的那本书 He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了，这使得他的历史不高兴。 b.只用that不用which的几种情况: 1.先行词既有人又有物时如: Ann talked about the people and things that moved her greatly during her stay there.(2019北京高二检测) 2.先行词是不定代词:all,little,much,none,one,复合不定代词(或被不定代词修饰)如: 1 refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault(2019全国) That is the one that you know I used to work for years. (2015福建) 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或the only,the very,the right 等修饰. 如:This is the only thin g that I want to know c.which(先行词指事/物，在从句中做主语/宾语)如， You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family (2019上海) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.(2018全国) The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn't expect(20i9北京春) d.as(先行词指事物、人，在从句中做主语) 1.as 的固定搭配 such...as... These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(2000上海春) the same...as... He is not the same man as he was so/as...as... American women usually identify their best friend as someone as they can talk frequently(2014上海) 2.as引导非限制性定语从句 As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months E.whose(先行词指人或物，在从句中做定语)"whose +名词”在从句中作主语或宾语 Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive e-mails. 【过关检测】(3mins) 1.The house ________windows face north belongs to him. 2.The man ________you met just now is my brother. 3.The man ________is walking in the playground is my old friend. 4.Take the book_________is lying on the table. 5.She is such a girl________ is always finding fault with other people. 6.The famous basketballer,_______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention 7..John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,___was true. 8.1 live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京春) 9.The little problems________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京春) 1o._________is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (2)关系副词(when,where,why) 关系副词 先行词 在从句中成分 When 表示时间的词 状语 where 表示地点的词 状语 why 表示原因的词 状语 (1) when的用法:在从句中做时间状语，先行词是表时间的名词如day,year,time 等. 如: We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.(2018 北京春) (2)where的用法:在从句中做地点/语，其先行词是表示地点或抽象地点概念的名词，如 place,houses,situation,case,activity,point 等.如: We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (3)why的用法:在从句中做原因/语，先行词是reason 等表示原因的名词。 如: This is the reason why he was absent 【过关检测】(2mins) 单句填空 1.He wrote a letter___________he explained what had happened in the accident. 2.Sales director is a position_________communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 15.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 16.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 17.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. （3)“介词+关系代词”的用法 有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面形成“介词+关系代词”结构,该结构中的关系代词可用which，whose ，who 但不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。 e.g.This is the house of which 1 spoke(根据动词 speak的搭配而定) This is the camera with which he often takes photos(根据先行词的搭配而定) This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(根据句子的意义来确定) 注: 有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for,look after,call on 等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。 He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year. 他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。 That is the book which I am looking for 那就是我要找的书。 【过关检测】(3mins) 1.American women usually identify their best friend as someone_______they can talk frequently.(2024上海) A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom 2.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger. (2025广东) A.in which B.by which C.which D.that 3.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,____ we gave some bells and glasses. (2016湖南) A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 4.She was educated at Beijing University._she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(2016陕西) A.after which B.from which C.from that D. after that 5.The English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success(2014全国) A. for which B.at which C.in which D.on which 4) 定语从句中主谓一致的问题 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。 当先行词是one of+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year. ②.当先行词是the only+one of+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 18.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________everyone. (5) way后接定语从句的用法 当先行词是way（方式，方法）时,如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。 The way which/ that /不填he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少(方式)状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。 The way that/不填/ in which he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand 他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。 [过关检测} 1.单句填空 1.After living in Australia for many years,Louise finally returned to the country________she was born. 2.His interest started a few years ago,________ he was in college and studying wildlife science. 3.Another saying which has come from the fable is“God helps those_________ help themselves." 4.Then Needham began his lifelong research,________ended up creating the greatest work-Science and Civilization in China. 5.There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and countless ordinary people ________play less seriously. 6.Dragon Heads-raising Day,_________falls each year on the second day of the second lunar month, is one of the Chinese traditional festivals. 7.There is a phrase ___________describes the noodle- making process. 二、运用定语从句的方法解题 1.定语从句的解题方法:判-找-代-选 判:去掉划出的从句，剩余句子成分完整，且从句修饰前面的名词、代词或句子，则判定为定语从句; 找:找先行词; 代:把先行词代入从句中，看在从句中所做成分 选:依据表格，选关系词。 2运用定语从句的方法在各题型中解题 依据判-找-代-选的去独立完成单项选择，语法填空和短文改错。 【过关检测】(7mins) 单句填空 1.「2025 新高考I(山东),39]The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum____opened in 1759. 2.[2024 天津,6]Dr.Rowan,_______secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 3.[2019 全国Ⅱ,62]Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,______she opened with her late husband Les. 4.[2019 浙江,58]On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth____gives off light in the dark. 5.[2019 江苏,21]We have entered into an age__________dreams have the best chance of coming true. 6.[2019 天津,11]Their child is at the stage_________she can say individual words but not full sentences. 7.[2019北京,9]The students benefitting most from college are those______are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源) 8.[2018 全国Ⅱ,69]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 9.[2018 江苏,23]Self-driving is an area ________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 10.[2018天津,2]Kate,_______sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 11.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),64]But Sarah,_______has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 12.[2017 江苏,28]In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 13.[2017 浙江11月,57]Like many things in life, it's an ongoing process , and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, __________means you'll just keep getting better and better. 【基础练习】 1． Do you know the reason he is so angry with me? 2． 2．I’ll never forget the days I first met my best friend Amy. 3． This is the place I lost my English notebook. 4． 4．Elon Musk, for time is very precious, will continue to push the boundaries of space exploration. 5． The Amazon River, which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6400 kilometres in length. 6．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. 7．The reason Tom came late for the wedding was he was ill. 8．You need to be aware that there are some cases this rule does not hold good. 9．The reason we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures is many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly. 10．The reason the teacher explained at the meeting convinced all of us. 11．He reached a point he had to ask for help from others. 12．I still remember the time we visited the expo and saw various ceramics on display. 13．The student the parents of are teachers is very hardworking. → The student parents are teachers is very hardworking. 14．Do you know the reason he refused the invitation? 15．All we need to do now is to stay calm and take action. 【巩固练习】 一、单句语法填空 1．He is a professor, I have been looking forward to becoming. 2．He bought a new computer with he can edit videos easily. 3．She gave me a novel, I finished reading within two days. 4．The sports meeting was put off, astonished me. 5．You can take anything you like. 6．This is the best film, the ending of made all audiences cry. 7．This is the most valuable scroll I have ever seen in the museum. 8．There is nothing can stop us from chasing our dreams. 9．She won the first prize in the competition, made her parents very proud. 10．This is the small town I spent my childhood. 11．The factory has developed a new type of product has been popular since its launch. 12．This is the very book I was looking for in the library yesterday. 13．He is the only person can solve this difficult problem. 14．This is the book about we talked in the class yesterday. 15．There are occasions silence is better than words. 二、完成句子 1．They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed __________ (人们建房子的形式). 2．句型公式 部分否定     Of course, ________________ (不是每个抬头看的人) is paying attention in class. 3．句型公式 The way 后接定语从句 Of course, when new technology ________________ (改变了我们的生活方式), it can be a scary prospect. 4．as 引导非限制性定语从句 ________________ (正如一位参与该项目的研究人员解释的那样), “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself...” 6． ________ (众所周知), the environment is facing serious problems, which affect everyone’s life. 7． 6．The stadium, _________ (在这里已经举行过很多重要的赛事), was built ten years ago. (where) 8． My classmate, ________________________ (我借给一本英语字典), returned it with a sincere thank-you note. 8．Charles was the boy _________ (那个帮助许多人脱离危险的人). 9． The value of the teaching method________ (在于它激发的学生兴趣). 10．We went to a special restaurant, __________ (在那我们享受到特色菜). 【拔高练习】 语法填空1 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 语法填空2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 语法填空3 A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of 1 expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress 2 was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 3 (look) at her scornfully, he told her that the dress 4 (sell). The woman walked 5 of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, 6 a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 7 seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great 8 (difficult), he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she 9 (not)like it. She enjoyed 10 （she） making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 参考答案 【课前检测】 1．when 【详解】句意：我们处在一个对于有能力的人来说有大量机会的时代。先行词为era，在限制性定语从句“____ there are great opportunities for those who are competent”中作时间状语，即“在这个时代有大量机会”，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 2．where 【详解】句意：与冲浪不同，在冲浪中你站在板上，趴板冲浪让你平躺。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为surfing，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在冲浪中”，所以用关系副词where。 3．where 【详解】句意：这段旅程标志着一个新的里程碑，展示了中国文化作品如何为世界打造。当琴弦颤动时，它们预示着一个未来平台，在这个平台上文化交流得以丰富。此处考查定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点意义的 platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where引导定语从句。 4．where 【详解】句意：例如，你可能会参加求职面试，在面试中你要和其他申请者竞争。a job interview后面跟了一个定语从句，先行词在后面从句当中作状语，表示“在一个求职面试中”在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 5．where 【详解】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词situation在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 6．by 【详解】句意：获取知识不仅是你通过它更好地理解世界的一种方式，也是一种意识到自己有多少未知的方式。分析句子结构，a means ________ which you can better understand the world为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means；by means of为固定搭配，意为“通过……方式”，此处将介词by提前至关系代词which之前，构成by which结构，在从句中作方式状语。 7．which 【详解】句意：一些专家认为，阅读是学校教育赖以依存的基础技能。此处为“介词+which”引导定语从句，先行词为the basic skill ，指物，在从句中作介词on的宾语，故应用关系代词which。 8．which 【详解】句意：我们登上那座俯瞰着赣江的古老塔楼，在那里我们可以欣赏到夕阳映照下那令人叹为观止的美景。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tower，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 9．that/which 【详解】句意：我乘坐的这趟火车是开往上海的。定语从句修饰先行词train，在从句作宾语，指物，故用that或which。 10．whom/that/who 【详解】句意：她就是那位我从她身上学到很多东西的老师。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the teacher，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，可用whom/that/who引导定语从句。 【基础练习】 1．why 【详解】句意：你知道他对我如此生气的原因吗？定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故用why引导。 2．when 【详解】句意：我永远忘不了我第一次遇见我最好的朋友艾米的那些日子。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the days，指代时间，且从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 3．where 【详解】句意：这就是我丢失英语笔记本的地方。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词place，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。 4．whom 【详解】句意：对埃隆·马斯克来说，时间是非常宝贵的，他将继续推动太空探索的边界。空处和空前的for搭配，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Elon Musk作补充说明，先行词指人，作介词for的宾语，因此应用关系代词whom。 5．from 【详解】句意：亚马逊雨林因亚马逊河而得名，该河全长近 6400 公里。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，结合短语get name from可知用介词from。 6．who 【详解】句意：吴宜泽赢得了世界斯诺克锦标赛决赛冠军，他为年轻的中国选手树立了新的标杆。“______ won the World Snooker Championship final”为定语从句，先行词是Wu Yize，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。 7． why that 【详解】句意：汤姆婚礼迟到的原因是他生病了。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。 8．where 【详解】句意：您需要明白，在某些情况下，这条规则是不适用的。定语从句修饰先行词cases，在从句作地点状语，故用where。 9． why that 【详解】句意：我们组织每月垃圾分类讲座的原因是许多学生仍然不知道如何正确分类垃圾。“______ we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures”为定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。“______ many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly”为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 10．that/which 【详解】句意：老师在会上解释的那个理由说服了我们所有人。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，表事物，从句中explained缺少宾语，可用关系代词that/which引导此定语从句。 11．where 【详解】句意：他到了不得不向别人求助的地步。空处引导定语从句，先行词point表示抽象地点，定语从句主干成分完整，需用关系副词where作地点状语。 12．when 【详解】句意：我仍然记得那次我们参观博览会的情景，当时看到那里陈列着各种各样的陶瓷制品。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the time，关系词作从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句。 13． whom whose 【详解】句意：那个父母都是老师的学生学习非常刻苦。两处均为定语从句，①处先行词是表示人的the student，定语从句中of后缺宾语，需接指代人的宾格关系代词whom。②处先行词是the student，定语从句中需要表达“……的”所属关系，修饰名词parents，用关系代词whose作定语。 14．why 【详解】句意：你知道他拒绝邀请的原因吗？空处引导定语从句，先行词为reason表原因，定语从句主干成分完整，用关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。 15．that 【详解】句意：我们现在所要做的一切就是保持冷静并采取行动。空处引导定语从句，从句缺宾语，先行词为不定代词All，定语从句中关系代词只能用that。 【巩固练习】 一、单句语法填空 1．which 【详解】句意：他是一名教授，这也是我一直向往成为的身份。此处引导非限制性定语，先行词professor在从句中作表语，指职业身份，用关系代词which。 2．which 【详解】句意：他买了一台新电脑，借助它他可以轻松剪辑视频。此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词computer表事物，空格前有介词with，介词后作宾语，指代事物只能用关系代词which。 3．which 【详解】句意：她送给我一本小说，我两天内就把它读完了。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a novel，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导从句。 4．which 【详解】句意：运动会被推迟了，这让我感到很惊讶。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句。 5．that 【详解】句意：你可以拿走任何你喜欢的东西。限制性定语从句修饰先行词anything，在从句作宾语，指物，且为不定代词，只能用that引导。 6．which 【详解】句意：这是一部绝佳的影片，影片的结局让所有观众都潸然落泪。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是film，指物，指代事物且作介词of的宾语，关系代词只能用which。 7．that 【详解】句意：这是我在博物馆里见过最珍贵的画卷。空处引导定语从句，从句缺宾语，先行词scroll被最高级the most valuable修饰，定语从句中关系代词只能用that。 8．that 【详解】句意：没有什么能够阻止我们去追寻自己的梦想。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词nothing，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that引导从句。 9．which 【详解】句意：她在比赛中获得一等奖，这让她的父母十分自豪。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事情，从句中缺少主语，应用which引导。 10．where 【详解】句意：这就是我度过童年时光的小镇。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the small town，在从句中作地点状语，应填关系副词where。 11．that/which 【详解】句意：这家工厂研发出一种新产品，这款产品一经推出就备受欢迎。空处引导定语从句，先行词为表事物的product，定语从句缺少主语，关系代词用that/which。 12．that 【详解】句意：这正是我昨天在图书馆里寻找的那本书。空处引导定语从句，从句缺宾语，先行词book被the very修饰，属于定语从句特殊限定情况，此时关系代词只能用that。 13．that 【详解】句意：他是唯一能解决这个难题的人。空处引导定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词为person，指人且被the only修饰，此时关系代词只能用that。 14．which 【详解】句意：这就是我们在昨天课堂上讨论过的那本书。介词+关系代词结构定语从句，修饰先行词book，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 15．when 【详解】句意：有些时候沉默胜于言语。 空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词occasions“时机”在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 2、 完成句子 1．the way people built houses 【详解】表示“……的形式”用the way，作changed的宾语；表示“人们”用people；表示“建房子”用build  houses。way后用定语从句，关系词在从句中作方式状语，用that/in which引导，或者省略关系词。根据changed可知，句子描述过去的情况，从句用一般过去时，从句谓语用过去式built。 2．not everyone who looks up 【详解】句意：当然，并不是每个抬头看的人都在课堂上认真听讲。根据部分否定的语法用法以及提示的汉语“不是每个抬头看的人”中“不是每个人”用not everyone，后接定语从句修饰限定everyone，从句中缺主语，先行词指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词who引导该定语从句，表示“抬头看”为动词短语look up，结合主句谓语动词可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语who指代的先行词为第三人称单数，所以从句谓语动词为looks up。 3．changes the way we live 【详解】句意：当然，当新技术改变了我们的生活方式时，这可能会成为一件令人惶恐的事。表示“改变”应用change，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为new technology，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“我们生活的方式”应用the way we live，the way后是定语从句，先行词the way在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可以省略。 4．As one researcher who is working on the project explains 【详解】句意：正如一位参与该项目的研究人员所解释的那样：“珍视自身的文化遗产对于理解自我而言非常重要……”。根据汉语意思提示以及句子要求可知，此处为As引导非限制性定语从句，意为正如，指代后面整句引言内容，固定放句首。表示“一位研究人员”为名词one researcher；后接关系代词who引导的定语从句对先行词researcher的修饰，在该从句中，表示“正参与该项目”可译为who is working on the project；表示“解释”为动词explains。主句在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。 5．As we all know/As is known to all 【详解】句意：众所周知，环境正面临严重影响每个人生活的严重问题。 根据汉语提示“众所周知”可知，设空处应用固定表达As we all know/As is known to all，as 引导的非限制性定语从句，as 指代后面整个主句内容，根据主句is可知，用一般现在时。 6．where many important events have been held 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这个体育场是十年前建造的，曾举办过许多重要的活动。“在这里已经举行过很多重要的赛事”表达为where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为The stadium，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where引导从句。表示“很多”用many；表示“重要的”用important；表示“赛事”用events；表示“举行”用hold，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，且events和hold之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态，故填 where many important events have been held。 7．to whom I lent an English dictionary 【详解】考查动词、时态和定语从句。句意：我借给一本英语词典的那位同学，还词典时附上了一张真诚的感谢条。“一本英语词典”表达为名词短语an English dictionary，此处指“把……借给某人”，表达为lend ... to sb，“我借给一本英语字典”翻译为非限制性定语从句，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，lend在从句中作谓语动词，用过去式lent，先行词是My classmate，指人，作介词to的宾语，用关系代词whom指代先行词，介词to可提前，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句to whom I lent an English dictionary。故填to whom I lent an English dictionary。 8．who helped many people out of danger 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：查尔斯就是那个曾帮助许多人脱离危险的少年。此处为定语从句修饰先行词boy，在从句作主语，指人，故用who；表示“帮助某人”短语为help sb.；表示“脱离危险”为out of danger。结合上文was可知为一般过去时。故填who helped many people out of danger。 9．consists in students’ interest it arouses 【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。句意：这种教学方法的价值在于它能激发学生的兴趣。表示“在于”短语为consist in，表示“它激发的学生兴趣”翻译为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词interest，为students’ interest it arouses，陈述事实为一般现在时，主语为The value of the teaching method，谓语用三单形式。故填consists in students’ interest it arouses。 10．where we enjoyed special dishes 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：我们去了一家特别的餐厅，在那我们享受到了特色菜。横线处“在那我们享受到特色菜”为定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant，表示地点，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。主句时态为一般过去时，从句也应用一般过去时；“享受到特色菜”译为enjoy special dishes。故填where we enjoyed special dishes。 【拔高练习】 语法填空1 1．when 2．another 3．has been opened 4．who 5．to dream 6．happiest 7．necessarily 8．comes 9．forgotten 10．around 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 2．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 4．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 5．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 6．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 7．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 8．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 9．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 10．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 【点睛】that在定语从句中是既可以指人也可以 指物，当先行词是all, something,nothing等不定代词用that，这是that和which在比较是都在指物的情况下，不包括指人时。当先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone ,someone等并且指人时，我们只用who。 从句中要注意先行词和动词的对应关系。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数，动词要用三单；主语为非第三人称单数，动词用原形。 语法填空2 1．where 2．whose 3．who/that 4．where 5．that/ which 6．that/ which 7．who/that 8．that 9．that 10．that 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。 1．考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：上个月我去了一个展览会，在那里我欣赏了很多很棒的画。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 2．考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。 3．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同2题。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 4．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同4句。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 6．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 7．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 8．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说 Mary 是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用 which。故填that。 9．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同8题。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 10．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习绘画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 【点睛】学习定语从句除了掌握定语从句的基本规则以外，多记忆一些典型例句，做到语法句中学。例如：This is the school （that/which）I visited last year. 这是我去年参观的学校。This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年在那里学习的学校。I will never forget the day(that/which) I spent in Beijing.我永远忘不掉我在北京度过的那天。I will never forget the day when I stayed in Beijing. 我永远忘不掉我在北京逗留的那天。I know a girl who is called Mary./I know a girl whose name is Mary.我认识个女孩名叫Mary。 语法填空3 1．an 2．that 3．looking 4．was sold 5．out 6．with 7．After 8．difficulty 9．didn’t 10．herself 【分析】本文为记叙文，文章主要介绍了一位女士去奢侈品店买裙子遭到不公正对待，于是第二天想出办法惩罚服务生的故事。 1．考查冠词。句意：一位穿蓝色牛仔裤的女士站在一家奢侈品店的窗玻璃前。此处表示一家奢侈品店，expensive的开头是元音所以用an。故填an。 2．考查定语从句的连词。句意：尽管她犹豫了一会，但最终还是走了进去要求看一下橱窗里的裙子。分析句子可知___2___  was in the window修饰dress，作定语，所以用关系词，在根据从句缺主语可知用关系代词，指物用which或that。故填that。 3．考查非谓语动词做状语。句意：轻蔑地看了她一下，服务员告诉这位女士裙子被卖出去了。分析句子可知此句的谓语为told， look应该做非谓语，在根据look 与he的关系是主动，可知应该用现在分词，故填looking。 4．考查被动语态。句意：轻蔑地看了她一下，服务员告诉这位女士裙子被卖出去了。裙子与卖是被动关系，根据文中时态可知用一般过去时。故填was sold。 5．考查介词。句意：这位女士生气地走出了商店，决定第二天惩罚一下服务员。走出商店用walk out of the shop， 故填out。 6．考查介词。句意：第二天早上这位女士穿着貂皮大衣回到了这家商店，一手拿着包，一手拿着伞。此处表示随手拿着，故填with。 7．考查介词。句意：找到前一天的那个服务生之后，她又要同一件裙子。因为要惩罚那个服务生，所以是先找到他，然后要同一件裙子，故填After。 8．考查名词。句意：他费力地爬进商店的橱窗去取裙子。with介词后要用名词。故填difficulty。 9．考查助动词。句意：她一看到裙子，就说她不喜欢它。此处是构成否定句，根据时态是过去时，所以助动词用did not，故填didn’t。 10．考查反身代词。句意：她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都最后才买下了她最先要看的那件衣服。enjoy oneself 玩得开心，故填herself。 ( 1 ) 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