语法突破 专题一 第4讲 定语从句-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关教参（外研版）

艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) 6.It's a good idea to get students to retell a story their own words. 答案：in 7.It was a real race time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it. 答案：against 8.A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics. 答案：without 9.I have an appointment Dr.Smith,but I need to change it. 答案：with 10.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest,look in your local library a book about it. 答案：for 第4讲 定语 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 主语、宾语（限制性定语 who 人 从句中可省略) 宾语（限制性定语从句中 whom 可省略) whose(= of whom/of 人或物 定语 which) 主语、宾语（限制性定语 that 人或物 从句中可省略) 主语、宾语（限制性定语 which 物 从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 1.关系代词that与which的用法 (I)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修 饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ ②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only,the very,the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that, 不用which。 ·3 11.100 C is the temperature which water will boil. 答案：at 12.Nick,it's good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there. 答案：a bout/on 13.He was a good student and scored av- erage in most subjects. 答案：above 14. present,they are busy with their home- work. 答案：At 15.As the only child,Jack was possession of all the belongings after his parents died. 答案：in 从句[学生用书P218] This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 ③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that,不 用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所 取得的成就。 ④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句 中时关系代词用that。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？ ⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用 which,另外一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory,which pro- duced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能 会造成污染的东西。 ⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句 中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (2)关系代词只用which不用that的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him. 海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这 当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。 0 ②关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代 词之前。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 ③引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主 句所表示的整体或部分概念。 The result was not the same as they had expec- ted,which was rather disappointing. 结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置灵活，可放在主句 位置上 只能放在主句 前也可放在主句后，有 的后面 时还可插入主句中 谓语动词通常是表示 感觉或心理活动的动 搭配上 无动词的限制 词，如see,hear, know,expect,remem- ber等 意思上 意为“这一点” 意为“正如…，正 像…的那样” She married again,which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是没料想到的。 She married again,as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。 /思纟1as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列 句式：such十名词十as(像…一样的，像…之类 的)；such(pron.)十as(像…一样的，像…之类 的)；the same十名词十as(和…同样的)。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。 I have the same book as he has. 我和他有同样的书。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weigi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在 举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文 称为“围棋”)，它起源4000多年前的中国。本空 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为G0,Or ·34 语法突破专题一语境考查类 eigi in Chinese,指物，且关系词代替先行词在从 句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填 which 答案：which 2.(2024·新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计 的伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之 路的尽头，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地被带到了 英国，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定 语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route,先行词指物， 关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词wich或 that引导从句。故填which/that。 答案：which/that 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an in- ternational character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲 莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的 故乡一一埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的 色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu'”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示 人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 答案：who 4.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protec- tion for all the species live within the Gi- ant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在 为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有 力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设 空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，设空处在从句 中作主语，先行词为species,且先行词前有all修 饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 答案：that 5.(2021·新高考I卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work,he told me. 6.(2021·全国甲卷)Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is relat- ed to Chinese traditional customs. 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) 7.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her good inten- tions,I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation. 8.(2020·山东卷)The80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core col- lection of the British Museum that/which opened in1759. 9.(2020·天津卷)Dr.Rowan,whose secretary re- signed two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing. 10.The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged(参与)inac ademic life,taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源). [考点二]关系副词 1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 我仍然记得我第一次到这个学校的那一天。 2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆毁了。 3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 /思影I(l)如果定语从句修饰point,situa- tion,part,stage,condition和case等表示抽象意义 的词，定语从句常用where引导，意思是“到了某 种地步，在某种境况下”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。 (2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词，且后面的定 语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导 定语从句，也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句 中缺少宾语，要用that或which引导定语从句，也 可以省略关系词。 What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which(that/不填)he said it.. 使我吃惊的不是他说的内容而是他说话的方式。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 l.(2025·全国二卷)The shape creates a perfect market goods could be shipped and re- ceived using the river as a highway. ·3头 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这种地形造就了一个 绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为 运输通道来收发货物。先行词为a perfect mar- ket,在定语从句中作地，点状语，故填where。 答案：where 2.(2024·全国甲卷)The roads there went through large valleys I'd be riding uphill for mi- les at a time. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：那里的道路穿过大山 谷，我一次要骑上几英里的山坡。先行词large valleys在定语从句中作状语，故填where。 答案：where 3.(2023·北京卷)Nina recently finished her year- long series of runs in Chicago, thou- sands were attending a water conference. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结 束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加 了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Chicago,在从句中作地，点状语，故填where。. 答案：where 4.Their child is at the stage where she can say indi- vidual words but not full sentences. 5.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life when they aren't content with their par- ents. 6.Now the self-taught English learner has been admitted to one of China's top foreign language universities,Si- chuan International Studies University,where he used to deliver food to students. 7.Sometimes,the reason why someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery. 8.Of course,there are times when we need to travel long distances. [考点三]“介词十关系词”引导的定语从句 1.“介词十关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能 用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/ whom。不能用that和who。 This is the teacher from whom we've learned a lot. 这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位老师。 2.有时介词也可放在从句的动词后面，这时关系代词 可用which./that(指物)，who/whom/that(指人)， 也可以省略。 The situation (which/that)we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (whom/who/that)you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。 2 3,当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分 割时，动词短语中的介词不能前置。 This is the pen which I'm looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。 4.定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词十介词十which/ whom”引出。 That old man has two sons,one of whom is a doc- tor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。 了对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·北京卷)Then,in the1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we under- stand our lives. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然后，在20世纪80年 代，鲍勃·约翰逊创建了有身份的生活故事模型， 他在模型中提出，当我们经历生活时，这些核心特 征与我们的记忆相结合，创造了一个我们理解生活 的个人故事。空格处为非限制性定语从句，根据空 格前的内容the life story model of identity可知， 空格处应填which。 答案：which 2.Many lessons are now available online,from which students can choose for free. 3.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. 4.Last year,I bought an ancient vase,the price of which was very reasonable. 5.Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed. 6.There is a big window in my room,from where I can see the railway station. 高考对接 GAO KAO DUI JIE 定语从句在语法填空中的命题点 1.关系代词的用法 ①(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient build- ings,Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. ②(2022·浙江卷)Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics who ·34 语法突破专题一语境考查类 are cutting back on their air travel because of cli- mate change. ③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an art- ist whose paintings were almost lifelike. ④（全国Ⅱ卷）Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently,compared to infrequent read- ers,have more books in the home.. 2.关系副词的用法 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our in- creasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked,a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,"off- line”activity. ②(2021·新高考I卷)But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. ③(2020·全国I卷)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 3.考查“介词十关系代词”的用法 ①(2022·浙江卷)She also admitted that a rela- tively small number of women were studied,all of whom were form Sweden,so the results might not be applicable to other groups. ②(2021·新高考I卷)It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people man- age their lives. 过关演练 GUO GUAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule ward- robes and offer to travellers,such as those headed to weddings abroad,with a longer-term rental pe- riod. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正 式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这 些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些 前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服 务。“ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing,指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾 语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 答案：which 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) 2.(2025·北京卷)However,according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund,tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ac- counted for about 8%of the total global gas re- lease in 2024. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界野生动 物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿 吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的 8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste'”,指物，关系词在从句中 作主语，用which引导。故填which.。 答案：which 3.(2024·北京卷)Tinniswood, doesn't smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟， 也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间 保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词Tinniswood,先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主 语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 答案：who 4.(2024·浙江1月卷)Of course,shops are not charities-they price goods in the way will make them the most money. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机 构一他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。定语从 句中缺少主语，且先行词为wy,所以应用关系代 词that或which。故填that/which。 答案：that/which 5.（2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park-2.2 million acres- until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：考查关系代词。句意：黄石公园是美国最大 的国家公园占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国 家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔·圣伊菜亚 斯在1980年以1230万亩的面积作为国家公园才 获得这项荣誉。这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词 是Wrangell-Saint Elias,应用关系代词which。 答案：which 6."We both come from single-mother households, resulted in the fact that we both had to be sponsored for Christmases before,"Jordynn told WCPO news. ·3 解析：我们都来自单亲家庭，这导致了我们在圣诞 节前得到资助。分析句子可知， resulted in the fact that we both had to be sponsored for Christmases before为一个非限制性定语从句，修 饰前面一整句话，该空在从句中作主语，故填 which。 答案：which 7.This week the organization is sponsoring a cele- bration called Shakespeare Week.Events are aimed at primary school students,many of _will be reading his works for the first time. 解析：活动的对象是小学生，他们中的许多人将是 第一次阅读他的作品。分析句子结构，先行词为 students且指人，因此关系代词只能是who和 whom。关系代词在定语从句中充当of的宾语，因 此用宾格whom。故填whom。 答案：whom 8.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 解析：句意：国内市场利润正在下滑的公司可以到 国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。 答案：whose 9.This university only has a few dozen lecturers,all of have graduated from foreign post- graduate courses. 答案：whom 10.This is the longest train I have ever seen. 答案：that 11.Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 答案：where 12.Tom's best memory is of last year, the club gave a dancing party for his birthday. 答案：when 13.With the development of agriculture,the people in village I taught ten years ago have been living a happy life. 答案：whose 14.Such people were mentioned in his book do not really exist. 答案：as 15.In our class there are 46 students,half of wear glasses. 答案：whom