专题02 必修第三册Unit7～Unit9单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期北师大版

专题02 必修第三册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 7 Art 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.drama n. 2.atmosphere n. 3.figure n. 4.mentally adv. 5.affect vt. 6.spot n. 7.scream n. vi.& vt. 8.viewer n. 9.cause vt. n. 10.scene n. 11.male adj. 12.master vt. n. 13.pattern n. 14.otherwise adv. 15.aspect n. 16.struggle n. vi. 17.score n. 18.charge n. 19.signal vt. n. 20.broad adj. 21.madam n. 二、单词拓展 1.perform vi.& vt.表演；演出→ n.表演；演出→ n.表演者；演奏者；演员 2.exhibit v.展出，展览 n.展览品→ n.展出（会），展览 3.talent n.才能→ adj.有才能的；有天资的 4.fail vi.失败→ n.失败的事；失败 5.strike v.打击；打动→ adj.惊人的；显著的 6.burn v.燃烧→ adj.燃烧着的 7.react vi.反应→ n.反应 8.emotion n.情感→ adj.感情的；情绪的 9.refer v.提到；谈到→ n.参考；查阅；提及 10.compose vt.作（曲）；构成；写作→ n.作曲家→ n.作文；构成 11.respond vi.& vt.回应，回复→ n.回应，回复 12.tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的→ n.紧张 v.拉紧 13.conduct vt.指挥→ n.指挥 14.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→ n.犹豫；踌躇 15.joy n.高兴，愉快，乐事→ adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的 16.advertise v.登广告→ n.广告→ n.广告业 17.appreciate vt.感激；欣赏→ n.感激；欣赏 18.faith n.忠诚→ adj.忠诚的，忠实的→ adv.忠诚地，忠实地 19.express v.表达→ adj.富于感情的；明确表露想法的→ n.表达；表情 20.art n.艺术→ adj.美术的；艺术的→ n.艺术家 21.extend v.延伸；扩大；延长;伸展→ n.延伸；扩展；外延；广延（性）→ adj.广阔的；广泛的；广大的；大量的→ adv.广泛地；大规模地；全面地 22.admire v.敬佩；羡慕→ n.敬佩；羡慕→ adj.令人敬佩的；令人羡慕的 23.permit v.允许→ n.允许；许可 24.threat n.威胁→ v.威胁→ adj.（行为）带有威胁的 25.mess n.凌乱→ adj.脏的；凌乱的 26.punish v.处罚；惩罚→ adj.可依法惩处的→ n.处罚；惩罚 三、常考单词 1. performance n.表演；演出；表现 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）give/put on a performance 呈现一场表演 （2）perform vi.& vt. 表演；履行；执行 perform a（n）...role in... 在……中起……作用；在……中扮演…… 角色 （3）performer n. 执行者；表演者；演员 If you are selected to perform a role in the musical, you will need to attend daily rehearsals and memorize all your lines.［应用文写作之建议信］ 如果你被选中在音乐剧中扮演一个角色，你将需要参加每天的排练并记住所有的台词。 2.figure n.数字；人像，人形；身影；身材，体形；人物；雕像，塑像；图形 v.计算；认为 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）keep one's figure 保持体形 have a good figure 身材好 a political figure 一位政治人物 （2）figure out 理解；计算出；弄清楚 （1）You have a good figure, and you will look very nice wearing these jeans. 你的身材很好，你穿这条牛仔裤会很好看。 （2）Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise can you keep your figure and stay healthy.［应用文写作之建议信］ 只有通过均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。 3. spot v.发现；认出；点缀 n.（圆）点；斑点；污渍，污点；地点 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with 散布；点缀 （2）on the spot 当场；立刻；在现场 put sb. on the spot 让某人难堪 tourist/scenic spots 旅游景点 My heart was beating violently against my chest as I stood rooted to the spot, tears rolling down my cheeks.［读后续写之心理描写］ 我呆在原地，心在胸口怦怦直跳，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。 4.failure n.衰退，衰竭；失败；故障；失败的人（事） 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）end in failure 以失败告终 a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事 （2）fail v. 失败；未能；失灵；歉收 fail to do... 未能做…… fail in... 在……失败 Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。［应用文写作之演讲稿］ 5. struggle vi.奋斗，拼搏 n.奋斗 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）struggle for... 为……而斗争/奋斗 struggle against/with sb./sth. 与某人/某事做斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 （2）It is a struggle （for sb.） to do sth.（对于某人而言）做某事真是件难事。 （2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ）During my first visit to Italy, I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. 我第一次去意大利旅行的时候，问路或点餐都很费力。 6.respond vi.& vt.回应，回复；作出反应 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）respond to对……作出回应或反应 （2）response n. 回答，答复；反应 in response to 作为回应；响应；答复 make （no） response to... 对……（不）回应 In response to the Sunshine Sports Activities launched by our school, we have organized long-distance running in the morning. 为了响应我们学校发起的阳光体育活动，我们组织了早上长跑活动。［应用文写作之倡议书］ 7.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over （doing） sth. 对（做）某事犹豫不决 （2）hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 He hesitated for a while, his eyes growing tender.［读后续写之神态描写］ 他犹豫了一会儿，眼神变得温柔起来。 8. charge n.主管；负责；费用，价钱；指控 vt.& vi.收费；控诉；猛冲；向……方向冲去 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in charge 主管;看管 in charge of 掌握；负责 in the charge of... 在……掌管之下 take charge of 掌管;负责;控制 （2）free of charge 免费 （3）charge sb. for... 因……向某人收费 charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事 （1）（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文） I'm Li Hua, the student in charge of “Talk and Talk”， an English programme in our school radio station. 我叫李华，是负责我们学校广播站英语节目《谈话》的学生。 （2）He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on. 他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。 9. compose vt.作（曲）；创作；写作；组成，构成；使平静；使镇静 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be composed of 由...组成 （2）compose oneself使自己镇定 （3）composer n.作曲家 composition n.作曲，创作，作品；成分；构成 It is universally acknowledged that life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms, and we must learn to face and overcome difficulties bravely.［读后续写之主旨升华］ 人们普遍认为，生活不仅充满阳光，而且伴随着风雨，我们必须学会勇敢地面对和克服困难。 10.appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；理解；意识到 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）appreciate+n./pron./doing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激 （2）appreciation n. 感激;欣赏 express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情 （ 2023·全国甲卷满分作文）Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.［应用文写作之人物介绍］ 范仲淹因为对社会做出了巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。 11. permission n.允许；许可；批准 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）without permission 未经允许 ask sb.for permission=ask permission from sb. 请求某人许可 （2）permit v. 允许，准许，许可 n.执照；许可证；通行证 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission.［应用文写作之通知］ 任何人未经允许都禁止对博物馆里的展品拍照。 12. threatening adj.（行为）带有威胁的；恐吓的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）threaten v. 威胁到，危及 threaten...with...用……威胁…… threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事 （2）threatened adj. 受到威胁的；感到危险的 （3）threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人 a threat to... 对……的威胁 under threat 受到威胁 The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared． 然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。 13. messy adj.凌乱的；混乱的；脏的 背重点 背写作佳句 mess n. 混乱，脏乱；脏或乱的状态 v.弄乱；弄脏 in a mess 混乱，脏乱，乱七八糟 make a mess of 弄乱……；搞糟…… mess up 弄乱；弄脏；弄糟 Please put these teaching materials in order and don't leave them in a mess. 请把这些教材整理好，不要乱放。 四．单元短语 1. 发出（声音）；放出；泄露 2. 与……有联系 3. 一系列的 4. 至于 5. 提到 6. 在……的底部 7. 毕竟 8. 毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事 9. 负责 10.be fond of喜爱，爱好 11. 另外，此外 12. 范围从……到…… 13. 总共 14. 总而言之 五．单元佳句 1.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.（what引导主语从句） 使它（画）富有冲击力的是，它展现出一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。 2.I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set...（be doing...when...） 太阳落山时，我正和两个朋友一起顺着路走…… 3.I wish I knew more about them.（wish后的虚拟语气） 但愿我对它们了解得多一些。 4.Inspired by his struggles with deafness， the composer produced some amazing pieces...［过去分词（短语）作状语］ 这位作曲家在与耳聋的抗争中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品…… 5.After all， what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius?（even if引导让步状语从句） 毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥——即使他是音乐天才，又有什么用呢？ 6.But Beethoven continued conducting， his head buried in the score.（独立主格结构） 但贝多芬还将头埋在乐谱里继续指挥。 六．单元语法 名词性从句 名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。本单元只讲前三类从句。 一、主语从句 在句子中作主语的从句叫作主语从句。 1．基本用法 连接词 功能及用法 that 不充当任何成分，也没有含义，一般不省略 whether 意为“是否 ”，不充当任何成分，一般不用if引导主语从句，尤其是放在句首时 连接代词：who(ever)、whom(ever)、what(ever)、whose、which(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分 连接副词：when(ever)、where(ever)、why、how(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语 *That they were in truth sisters was clear, for they were so alike. 很明显，她们确实是亲姐妹，因为她们很相像。 *Whether they will have the meeting hasn't been decided yet. 他们是否要开会还没有定下来。 2．主语从句的主谓一致 (1)主语从句通常被看作一个整体，主句的谓语动词用单数形式。 *That they will come is certain. 他们要来是可以确定的。 *When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet. 会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。 (2)并列从句作主语，谓语动词常用复数。 *When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet. 他们将于何时出发去伦敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。 (3)what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定。 *What he wants is some water. 他想要的是一些水。 二、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 1．基本用法 连接词 功能及用法 that 不充当任何成分，也没有含义，且通常可以省略 whether/if 意为“是否 ”，常放在动词(短语)ask、care、wonder、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者可替换使用，在口语中多用if 连接代词：who(ever)、whom(ever)、what(ever)、whose、which(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分 连接副词：when(ever)、where(ever)、why、how(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语 2．it作形式宾语 (1)动词后面有宾语补足语的时候，需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 *I find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day. 我发现我们每天练习英语口语是有必要的。 (2)介词后一般不跟that引导的宾语从句，可用it 作形式宾语，再接that从句。 *Please see to it that the children go to bed by 9 o'clock. 请务必让孩子们9点前上床睡觉。 (3)有些表示喜好、憎恶的动词(like、enjoy、love、hate、appreciate等)后接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语。 *I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 三、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be、look、remain、seem等。 连接词 功能及用法 that 仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略 whether 起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语从句 连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which等 除了在句中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语等成分 连接副词where、when、why、how等 除在句中起连接作用外，还分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语等 as if/though、because等 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/It is/was because...”句型中 七．单元写作 应用文写作——咨询类邮件 用于向活动主办方、校方、机构等询问活动细节、报名要求、费用安排等信息，常见于校园社团活动申请、假期研学咨询、社会实践报名等场景。属于正式电子邮件范畴，要求语言简洁得体、信息明确清晰、格式完整规范，遵循“礼貌询问—说明缘由—具体提问—表达期待”的基本结构。 时态以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，人称根据具体语境灵活选用。 [基本框架] 开头： 表明写信目的，说明从何处获知该活动/信息，并简要介绍自己的身份。 • 自我介绍（姓名、年级/身份） • 信息来源（从官网/海报/公告看到） • 写信目的（表达兴趣并咨询相关细节） 主体： 分条目或分段列出需要咨询的具体问题，通常涵盖以下几个方面： • 时间与地点安排：活动具体日期、时长、地点位置 • 费用与报名要求：收费明细、缴纳方式、报名截止日期 • 活动详细流程：每日安排、行程规划、特殊要求 • 其他细节：住宿安排、餐饮情况、交通方式、所需携带物品 结尾： 表达感谢及期待回复的态度。 • 感谢对方阅读和考虑 • 表达对活动的期待 • 表示期待对方的回复 [常用词块] 1. learn from / see from / be informed that 从……得知 2. a two-week summer programme 为期两周的暑期项目 3. be interested in / show great interest in 对……感兴趣 4. would like to know / wish to know / would appreciate it if you could tell me 希望了解 5. be held / take place 举行，举办 6. be scheduled to do / be set for 计划安排在 7. the application deadline / registration deadline 报名截止日期 8. tuition fee / accommodation fee / registration fee 学费/住宿费/报名费 9. cover the expenses / include the cost of 涵盖费用 10. daily schedule / itinerary / arrangement 每日安排 11. look forward to / can't wait to 期待 12. I would be grateful if you could... 如果您能……我将不胜感激 13. Could you please provide me with more details about...? 您能否提供关于……的更多详情？ 14. I'd also like to enquire about... 我还想咨询一下关于…… 15. Thank you for your time and consideration. 感谢您抽出时间和精力考虑我的问题。 [常用语句] ★开篇说明写信目的和来源 1. I am writing to ask for some information about the summer art camp that your school is organizing. 2. I saw the advertisement for the “Youth Art Exhibition” on your school website and I am very interested in it. 3. I am Li Hua, a senior high school student, and I have learned that you are going to hold a two-week art course. 4. Having read the notice of the international art exchange programme, I am writing to enquire about some relevant details. 5. I came across your poster for the painting workshop and I would like to know more about it. 6. I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with more detailed information regarding the art festival. 7. I learned from my teacher that the school is planning to invite some professional artists to give lectures on traditional Chinese painting. I am writing to enquire about the arrangement. ★咨询细节（时间、地点、费用、报名、日程等） 1. Could you please tell me when and where the activity will be held? 2. I would be grateful if you could inform me of the specific dates and the exact location of the course. 3. I’d also like to know how much the tuition fee is and whether it covers accommodation and meals. 4. Would you mind telling me what the daily schedule is and what activities we will be doing each day? 5. Could you please let me know how I can register for the event and what documents I need to prepare? 6. I would appreciate it if you could provide me with some information about the accommodation arrangements. 7. Another point I’m not clear about is whether there is any age requirement or English level requirement for participants. 8. I am also interested in knowing what materials I need to prepare for the course. 9. What are the specific requirements for applying for this programme? ★结尾表达感谢与期待回复 1. Thank you for your time and I look forward to your early reply. 2. I would greatly appreciate it if you could take the time to answer my questions. 3. I am very much looking forward to hearing from you soon. 4. Any information you can provide would be highly appreciated. 5. Thank you for your patience and consideration. Best regards. 6. I am truly looking forward to taking part in this wonderful activity and I can't wait to receive your reply. 7. I’d appreciate it if you could kindly reply at your earliest convenience. [参考范文] 写作任务 假定你是李华，你在学校的网站上看到一则“国际青年艺术展”的招募通知，你对此次活动非常感兴趣，希望了解更多细节。请你给活动负责人写一封电子邮件，询问以下信息： 1. 活动的具体时间和地点； 2. 参展作品的类型和要求； 3. 是否需要报名费，以及报名截止日期。 参考范文： Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a senior high school student. I learned from your school website that you are organizing an International Youth Art Exhibition. I am very interested in it, so I’m writing to enquire about some details. First of all, I would like to know when and where the exhibition will be held. Besides, could you please tell me what types of artworks are acceptable and whether there is any requirement for the size or style of the works? Lastly, I would appreciate it if you could inform me of the registration fee, if any, and the application deadline. Thank you for your time and patience. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Unit 8 Green Living 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公17 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.desert n. 2.transport n. 3.recycle vi.& vt. 4.flat n. adj. 5.root n. 6.shoot n. vt. 7.firm adj. 8.poster n. 9.founder n. 10.profit n. 11.region n. 12.rate n. 13.overcome vt. 14.former adj. 15.current adj. 16.ordinary adj. 17.parking n. 18.therefore adv. 19.path n. 20.official n. adj. 21.attitude n. 22.honey n. 23.butter n. 24.sum vt. 二、单词拓展 1.globe n.球体；地球→ adj.全球的，全世界的 2.industry n.工业→ adj.工业的 3.extinct v.灭绝→ n.灭绝 4.solve v.解决→ n.解决办法 5.electric adj.电的；用电的→ n.电→ adj.与电有关的→ adj.电子的 6.balance n.平衡→ adj.平衡的 7.bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n.麻烦；困难→ adj.担心的；烦恼的 8.involve vt.参与；包含→ adj.有关的；卷入的 9.organise v.组织；安排→ n.组织者，安排者→ n.组织；安排→ adj.有条理的 10.content adj.满足的 v.使满足 n.内容；目录→ adj.满意的；满足的 11.occur vi.发生→ n.发生 12.agriculture n.农业→ adj.农业的 13.propose v.建议，提议→ n.建议，提议 14.survive v.继续生存，幸存；比……活得长→ n.继续生存，幸存→ n.幸存者 15.determine v.决定→ n.决心；毅力→ adj.坚定的；坚决的 16.appear vi.出现→（反义词） vi.消失，不见→ n.消失，不见→（反义词） n.出现 17.track v.跟踪 n.踪迹→ n.跟踪 18.resident n.居民→ n.住宅；住房 19.percent n.百分数→ n.百分比，百分率 20.dispose v.安排，布置→ adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的 21.contain v.容纳→ n.容器 22.major v.主修 adj.主要的→ n.大多数→（反义词） n.少数 23.indicate vt.表明；显示→ n.表明；显示 24.pollute v.污染→ n.污染物→ n.污染 三、常考单词 1. balance n.平衡；天平；余额 vt.平衡；权衡；使相等 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B在A与B之间保持平衡 （2）balance...against... 权衡/比较……与…… （3）balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 What I want to stress to you is that you should keep a balance between work and relaxation. In addition，regular exercise and a balanced diet are beneficial to your health. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 我想向你强调的是，你应该在工作和放松之间保持平衡。此外，有规律的运动和均衡的饮食对你的健康有益。 2. shoot n.芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v.射击；射中；拍摄 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）shoot at... 朝……射击；向……开枪 shoot up激增；迅速长高 shoot out射出；抽出；伸出 （2）shot n.射击；投球；尝试 like a shot立即；飞快地 take a shot at...朝……射击 One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. 他又看了一眼，注意到有火焰从那辆被毁的汽车下面喷出来。 3. bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n.烦扰；麻烦；困难；麻烦的事；讨厌的人 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 bother about/with sth.为某事花费时间或精力 can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事 bother sb. about/with sth.因某事使某人烦恼；为某事打扰/麻烦某人 It bothers sb. that.../to do sth.……/做某事使某人苦恼 （2）have bother （in） doing sth.做某事费劲 I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping it won't bother you much. ［应用文写作之求助信］ 我确实需要你宝贵的建议,希望这不会给你造成太多麻烦。 4.involve v.参与；包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；使参加（卷入）…… 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）involve （doing） sth. 包含；需要（做）某事 involve oneself in参加…… （2）be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于…… （3）involvement n.参与；投入；牵连 It's essential that we get involved in one sport or another to develop a hobby or our social skills. ［应用文写作之倡议书］ 我们有必要参与一项或另一项运动来培养爱好或社交技能。 5. container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 背重点 背写作佳句 contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳；克制；控制 contain oneself克制自己 （2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个区域。 6.majority n.大多数；多数；多数党；多数派 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）the majority of...大多数…… in the majority占多数 （2）major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；专业 major in...主修……；以……为专业 （3）minority n.少数 in the minority占少数 In our community, those who prefer traditional books over e-books are in the minority, reflecting a broader trend towards digital reading. 在我们的社区中，那些更喜欢传统书籍而非电子书的人占少数，这反映了向数字阅读转变的一种更广泛的趋势。 7. sum n.总和；总数；金额 v.概括；总结 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）a large/small sum of 大量的/少量的 in sum总而言之 （2）sum to共计 sum up总结；概括 to sum up总之 It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 重要的是要记住成功是每天付出的小小努力的总和。 8. do my part for sth. 尽自己所能做某事 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）part n.部分；成员；成分；地区；角色 v.分别；分开 （2）play a part in在……起作用；在……扮演角色 take part in参加 for one's part就某人而言 for the most part多半；通常 in part部分地；在某种程度上 （3）part with放弃；交出 part from与……分离 Everyone should play a part in the environmental protection campaign and say no to environmental pollution. 每一个人都应该参与这个环境保护运动并对环境污染说不。 9. take action 采取行动 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）take steps/measures 采取措施 （2）in action在活动中；在运转 out of action失去作用；不能工作 put/bring...in/into action实行……；实施…… come into action开始行动 The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis. 新的交通管制方案正在试验实施。 ［应用文写作之新闻报道］ 10. work through 调整（情绪） 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）work on致力于……；对……起作用； 继续工作；从事于…… work out解决；算出；制定出；锻炼 work as...从事……工作 （2）in work有工作 out of work无工作/失业 at work在工作 Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. 如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，事情就会好转。 11. come up with 想出，想到 背重点 背写作佳句 come across偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解；被弄懂 come about发生;产生（常与how连用） come out（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；出版，发表 come up走到跟前；被提及（无被动语态） Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity, he poured out all his trouble he came across.［读后续写之情感描写］ 她的热情和真诚深深地鼓舞了他，他倾诉出了他所遇到的所有困难。 12. cut back on 削减，缩减 背重点 背写作佳句 cut down （on）减少，缩减 cut up切碎；齐根切掉 cut in打断（谈话）；插嘴 cut out剪下；停止；删除，去除 cut off切断；中断（供给或通话）；隔绝 Many trees are being cut down, many animals are being hunted, and our environment is being destroyed. Shouldn't we take measures to make a difference？ ［应用文写作之发言稿］ 许多树木正在被砍伐，许多动物正在被猎杀，我们的环境正在被破坏。难道我们不应该采取措施做出改变吗？ 四．单元短语 1. 尽自己所能做某事 2. 懒得做某事 3. 采取行动 4. 建立 5. 除……以外（还） 6. 与自然和平相处 7. 全世界 8. 吹走 9. 使……结束 10. 调整（情绪） 11. （使）某人梦想成真 12. 被称为…… 13. 想出，想到 14. 多亏 15. 参加 16. 削减，缩减 17. 总之 18. 充分利用 19. 有助于；导致 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1.Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”.（what引导名词性从句） 很多人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。 2.They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.（it作形式主语） 他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。 3.People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey， so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.（so that引导目的状语从句） 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能够从那里骑走它并继续使用。 4.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy， reduce air and noise pollution， and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.（动词不定式作状语） 本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。 5.To sum up， it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.（it seems/seemed that...） 总而言之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。 6.Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills.（even if/though引导让步状语从句） 尽管这个国家（瑞典）每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场。 六．单元语法 v.-ing和v.-ed形式 一、分词的基本形式 1．现在分词的形式 现在分词形式 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done *The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable. 那场大火持续了近一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。 *Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. 有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。 2．过去分词的形式 过去分词只有一种形式，即done。 *Encouraged by her mother，the little girl picked herself up and went on running. 在妈妈的鼓励下，小女孩爬起来继续跑。 二、分词的句法功能 1．分词作定语 现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作(现在分词的完成式一般不作定语)；过去分词作定语表示所修饰的词与分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句。 *There are many students waiting(＝who are waiting) to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。 *I borrowed a book written(＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 2．分词作状语 分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况。作结果状语时，可以转换为非限制性定语从句或并列分句；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以转换为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以转换为相应的状语从句。 一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。 *Hearing the news(＝When they heard the news)，they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息，他们就立即出发去上海了。 *Frightened by the noise in the night(＝Because she was frightened by the noise in the night)，the little girl didn't dare to sleep in her room. 小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。 *Turning to the left(＝If you turn to the left)，you will find the school. 向左拐，你就会找到那所学校。 3．分词作宾补 分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。 *I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 *I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌曲。 分词作宾补时常用于以下两种情况： (1)位于感官动词后，如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、notice等。 *We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 (2)位于使役动词后，如make、have、get、keep、leave等。 *They had the light burning all night. 他们整夜让灯亮着。 4．分词作表语 分词作表语多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be、remain、feel、stay、seem、look、become等。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征。 *The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 *We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 我们对湖光的美感到惊叹。 七．单元写作 应用文写作——调查报告 用于介绍调查研究的基本情况、呈现调查数据、分析调查结果并给出结论建议，常见于校园活动总结、社会现象分析、英语报刊投稿、图表作文等写作场景。属于说明文范畴，要求语言客观准确、数据呈现清晰、逻辑层次分明，遵循“背景介绍—数据呈现—结果分析—结论建议”的基本结构。 时态以一般现在时为主，描述调查过程和收集数据时可用一般过去时，人称以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 调查报告一般采用“总分总”的经典结构，全文通常由四个部分构成-21-23： 第一部分：导语——简单介绍调查的基本信息，包括调查时间、调查者、调查主题、调查对象和调查方式。这部分要回答“谁在什么时间、针对什么主题、对谁进行了调查”的问题。 第二部分：积极结果——介绍调查中发现的良好现象或积极趋势。可用数据说明大部分调查对象在某个方面的表现或态度，旨在呈现亮点与成绩。 第三部分：问题与不足——呈现调查中发现的问题或需要改进的方面。这部分揭示调查对象在某些方面存在的不足或消极现象，要客观呈现，不作主观夸大。 第四部分：总结与建议——对调查结果进行简要总结，并提出有针对性的建议或改进措施。建议应具体可行，与前面揭示的问题形成呼应。 [常用词块] ★导语/开头 1. conduct / carry out a survey 开展一项调查 2. a recent survey has been done to find out... 最近做了一项调查来了解…… 3. according to a recent survey 根据最近的一项调查 4. I’ve made a survey and find that... 我做了一项调查，发现…… 5. Last week / Recently, we conducted a survey among... on the topic of... 上周/最近，我们就……话题在……中开展了一项调查 6. The survey involved / covered... respondents 该调查涉及……名受访者 7. be interviewed about... 就……接受采访 ★数据呈现与分析 1. the table / chart / graph shows / indicates that... 表格/图表显示…… 2. as is shown in the table / chart / graph 如表/图表所示 3. from / according to the table / chart / graph 根据表/图表 4. figures / statistics show that... 数据/统计显示…… 5. it can be seen from the figures that... 从数据中可以看出…… 6. as can be seen from the diagram 从图表中可以看出 7. account for / make up 占（比例） 8. the majority of / most of 大多数的 9. a small percentage of 一小部分 10. twice / three times as high as 是……的两倍/三倍 11. increase / rise / go up / grow 上升，增加 12. decrease / go down / drop / fall / decline 下降，减少 13. remain stable / steady 保持稳定 14. reach a peak of... 达到……的峰值 15. be in favor of / be for 赞成 16. be against / object to / be opposed to 反对 17. hold different opinions / views 持有不同观点 18. show great concern about 对……表现出极大关注 19. be aware of the importance of 意识到……的重要性 ★分析原因与影响 1. there are several reasons for this phenomenon 这一现象有几个原因 2. this can be attributed to... 这可归因于…… 3. the reasons for... are as follows ……的原因如下 4. this indicates that... 这表明…… 5. it is clear / apparent from the figures that... 从数据中清晰可见…… 6. compared with... 与……相比 7. the effect of... on... is obvious ……对……的影响是明显的 ★总结与建议 1. to sum up / in conclusion / in a word 总之 2. based on the survey results 基于调查结果 3. it is suggested that... 建议…… 4. we should take effective measures to... 我们应该采取有效措施…… 5. it is high time that... 正是……的时候了 6. more attention should be paid to... 应更加关注…… 7. I strongly recommend that... 我强烈建议…… 8. from my perspective / personally 在我看来 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. Recently, a survey has been conducted among 200 students of our school to find out their attitudes towards the use of shared bikes. 2. Last week, I carried out a survey on how our classmates spend their weekends. The results are as follows. 3. According to a recent survey carried out by our school English club, more than 60% of the students show great concern about environmental issues. 4. As is shown in the chart above, we conducted a survey among 150 students to learn about their reading habits. 5. I have made a survey among 100 residents in our community to find out how they contribute to environmental protection. 6. The table clearly shows the results of a survey on the favorite sports of high school students. ★正文佳句 1. As the chart shows, about 45% of the respondents spend over two hours a day on social media. 2. The majority of those surveyed believe that recycling is an effective way to reduce waste. 3. However, only a small percentage of them actually take action to sort their garbage. 4. Interestingly, more than half of the students are in favor of the new school regulation, while 30% hold the opposite view. 5. The figures indicate that a growing number of young people are aware of the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 6. Compared with last year’s survey, the number of students who participate in after-school sports has increased by 15%. 7. It can be seen from the statistics that girls tend to prefer reading, while boys are more interested in outdoor activities. 8. More than 70% of the respondents admit that they use smartphones for entertainment rather than for study purposes. 9. This suggests that although students are aware of environmental problems, their actions do not always match their awareness. 10. There is a significant difference between boys and girls in terms of their career expectations. ★余味结尾 1. To sum up, the survey shows that most students have a positive attitude towards environmental protection, but there is still room for improvement in their daily actions. 2. In conclusion, it is high time that we took effective measures to raise public awareness of the issue. 3. Based on the survey results, I strongly recommend that the school organize more outdoor activities to encourage students to live a healthy life. 4. From my perspective, more attention should be paid to educating students about the importance of reducing plastic waste. 5. In a word, we should work together to build a more environmentally friendly and sustainable community. [写作任务] 假定你是李华，你最近对你校800名中学生的未来理想职业进行了一次调查。请根据以下表格，用英语写一篇调查报告，向校英语报投稿。 理想职业 比例 理由 教师 35% 受人尊敬，有稳定的假期 医生 30% 帮助他人，社会地位高 企业家 20% 创造财富，实现自我价值 其他 15% 追求个人兴趣 注意：1. 写作词数应为100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯-17。 [参考范文] A Survey on Ideal Careers Among High School Students Recently, a survey was conducted among 800 high school students to find out their ideal future careers. The results are as follows. According to the survey, 35% of the students dream of becoming teachers, as they believe teaching is a respectable profession with stable holidays. Meanwhile, 30% choose to be doctors, hoping to help others and gain social recognition. 20% of the respondents prefer to become entrepreneurs, because this career allows them to create wealth and realize personal value. The remaining 15% have other career plans based on personal interests. From the survey, we can see that most students take social status and personal fulfillment into consideration when choosing a career. I believe that whatever career we choose, we should pursue it with passion and dedication. Unit 9 Learning 一、核心单词 1.approach n. 2.partner n. 3.inner adj. 4.unlikely adj. 5.data n. 6.unfamiliar adj. 7.beyond prep. 8.recommend vt. 9.novel n. 10.sufficient adj. 11.input n. 12.normally adv. 13.context n. 14.worldwide adj.& adv. 15.childhood n. 16.cell n. 17.journal n. 18.moreover adv. 19.fiction n. 20.outcome n. 二、单词拓展 1.reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达（意见）；反映；反思；反射→ n.沉思；想法；反射→ adj.沉思的；深思的 2.argue vi.争论，争吵→ n.争论，争吵 3.assume vt.认为；假定，假设→ n.假定，假设→ conj.假设 4.automatic adj.自动的；无意识的→ adv.自动地；无意识地 5.flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的→ adv.灵活地，可变通地 6.promote vt.促进，增进→ n.促进，增进 7.exist vi.存在；实际上有→ n.存在 8.ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ n.忽视；无知→ adj.无知的；愚昧的 9.impress v.给……留下印象→ n.印象；感想→ adj.令人印象深刻的 10.simple adj.简单的→ v.简化→ adj.简化了的 11.memory n.记忆（力）→ vt.记住；熟记→ n.记忆 12.effect n.影响→ adj.有效的→ adv.有效地 13.arrange v.计划；安排→ n.计划；安排 14.emotion n.情感；情绪→ adj.情感上的；情绪上的→ adv.情感上地；情绪上地 15.excite v.刺激，使……兴奋→ n.兴奋，激动→ adj.激动的→ adj.令人激动的 16.publish vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登→ n.出版（业）；发行（业）→ n.出版人；发行人 17.sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的→ adv.急剧地，猛烈地；锋利地 18.evidence n.证据，证明→ adj.明显的 19.expose vt.使接触；使体验→ n.接触；暴露→ adj.暴露的 三、常考单词 1. approach vt.& vi.靠近，接近；走近；接洽 n.方法；接近；通道，路径；建议 背重点 背写作佳句 an/the approach to （doing）...（做）……的方法/ 途径；通往……的道路 at the approach of... 在快到……的时候 with the approach of... 随着……的来临/临近 Jane got to her feet shakily，approached her husband and threw herself into his arms， sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.［读后续写之动作描写］ 简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，不由自主地趴在他的肩膀上抽泣。 2. reflect v.反映；映照；反射；思考 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 （2）reflection n. 显示，反映；反射；沉思 self-reflection n. 反省；自我反思 （3）reflective adj. 反射的；反光的；沉思的 The full moon that is reflected on the surface of the lake reminds people of their families far away. 湖面倒映出的满月使人们想起了远方的家人。 3.argue v.争论；争辩；主张，论证；说理；证明；认为 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）argue （with sb.） over/about sth. （与某人）争论某事 argue for/against sth. 据理赞成/反对某事 argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 （2）argument n. 争论，争辩；论据 beyond argument 无可争论 （3）arguable adj. 可论证的，有论据的 It is beyond argument that everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment, and our actions today will determine the quality of life for future generations. 无可争论的是，每个人都有责任保护环境，而我们今天的行动将决定未来几代人的生活质量。 4.assume vt.假定，假设；设想；认为；承担（责任） 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）assume...to be... 假定/假设……是…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assuming （that）... 假定/假设…… （2）assumption n. 假定，假设 make an/the assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假设…… （1）The art works submitted assumed in various forms of photos, paintings, handcrafts and calligraphy works. 提交的艺术作品呈现形式多样，有照片、绘画、手工艺品和书法作品。 （2）It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh us but it can also strengthen our memory. 人们普遍认为，喝中国茶不仅能够提神醒脑，而且还能够增强记忆力。 5. exist vi.存在；生存 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）exist in 存在于 exist on 靠……生存；靠……生活 There exist（s）... 有…… （2）existence n. 存在；生存；生活 come into existence/being 开始存在 in existence 现存的；现有的 （3）existing adj. 现存的；现行的 The survivors exist on bread and water supplied by the organisation which has been in existence for 25 years. 幸存者依靠这个组织提供的面包和水生存，该组织已经存在25年了。 6. ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；无学识的 be ignorant of... 对……一无所知 （2）ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 out of/through ignorance 出于无知 Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 忽视这两项研究结果之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。 7. unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 be familiar with... 对……熟悉 be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉 be on familiar terms with... 熟悉……；与……关系亲密、交情很好 （2）familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 Peter is on familiar terms with Mr White because he is a nice man. 皮特和怀特先生走得很近，因为他是一个好人。 8. arrangement n.安排；布置 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）make arrangements/an arrangement for... 为……做安排 （2）arrange vt. 安排；筹备；整理 arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange （for sb.） to do sth. 安排（某人）做某事 In order to improve his language skills, he arranged to spend a summer abroad, living with a host family and attending language classes. 为了提高他的语言技能，他安排在国外度过一个夏天，与寄宿家庭一起生活并参加语言课程。 9. evidence n.证明；证据；证词 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）There is evidence that... 有证据表明…… （2）evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显…… （3）evidently adv. 明显地 There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些类型癌症的可能性较小。 10.expose v.使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）expose...to... 使……接触…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临…… （2）exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 （be） exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… （3）exposure n. 接触；揭发；遭受 Having been exposed to/Having exposed myself to foreign teachers since a young age，I can communicate freely with others in English.［应用文写作之申请信］ 我从小就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。 11. end up doing 最终，最后 背重点 背写作佳句 end up with... 以……结束（指以某种方式结束） end up in... 以……结束（后接表示抽象概念的名词） end up+adj. 以……状况而告终 end up as... 最终成为…… Looking back, I would have ended up nowhere/ended up achieving nothing if I had lost patience and given up halfway. It's patience that makes a great difference in the end.［读后续写之主旨升华］ 回想起来,如果我失去耐心,半途而废,我终将一事无成。耐心最终会产生很大的影响。 12. in short 简而言之；简单地说 背重点 背写作佳句 be short for... 是……的缩写/简称 be short of... 缺少……；缺乏…… for short 简略为；简称 shortly speaking 简而言之 The UN, which is short for the United Nations, is trying to help Africa, where many people are short of food and shelters. UN——联合国的简称——正在努力帮助非洲，那里的许多人缺乏食物和住所。 四．单元短语 1. 对……感到好奇 2. 温习，复习 3. 思考 4. 争吵 5. 妨碍，阻碍 6. 最后；最终 7. 弄懂某事物；计算出 8. 总而言之；简单地说 9. 尝试 10. 在……的中心 11. 以……为根据 12. 很荣幸做某事 13. 不管怎样 14. 作为结果 15. 放轻松 16. 充分利用 17. 融入 五．单元佳句 1.If you find your inner voice difficult to control， you can argue with it as most active learners do.（as引导方式状语从句） 如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。 2.If not， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.（if省略句） 如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 3.This is because when we experience things for the first time， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.（This/It/That is because...） 这是因为我们第一次经历事情时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。 4.It is important to connect it with what we already know.（it作形式主语） 将新内容和已知内容建立联系很重要。 5.Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it， but also the ways to improve it.（not only...but also...） 了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅了解有关它的事实，而且了解提高记忆力的方法。 六．单元语法 接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 一、接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) 下列动词(短语)后常用动词-ing形式作宾语：allow/permit(允许)、consider(考虑)、suggest/advise(建议)、finish(完成)、imagine(想象)、practice(练习)、enjoy(喜欢)、miss(错过、怀念)、prevent(阻止)、forbid(禁止)、escape(避免)、include(包括)、forgive/pardon/excuse(原谅)、avoid(避免)、can't help(禁不住)、deny(否认)、admit(承认)、fancy(设想、想做)、keep(保持)、mind(介意)、risk(冒险)、can't stand(不能忍受)、feel like(想要)、insist on(坚持)、delay/put off(推迟)、give up(放弃)、look forward to(盼望、期待)等。 *I now look forward to going back to work as soon as possible.　我现在盼望着尽快回到工作中去。 二、接动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 下列动词(短语)后常接不定式作宾语：afford(负担得起)、agree(同意)、appear(似乎)、arrange(安排)、ask(请求)、attempt(试图)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、expect(期待)、fail(失败)、help(帮助)、intend(打算)、learn(学习)、manage(设法)、offer(主动提出)、plan(计划)、pretend(假装)、promise(答应)、seem(似乎)、long(渴望)、wish(希望)、determine(决心)、refuse(拒绝)、would like/love/prefer/want(想要)等。 *We are at your service. Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any problems. 我们愿为你效劳。你如果有什么问题，尽管来找我们。 *When I came in, he pretended to be sleeping. 当我进来时，他假装正在睡觉。 *Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful bargains in the market. 有些人喜欢星期天购物，因为他们希望能在市场上挑到不错的便宜货。 三、接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语意思区别不大的动词(短语) 有些动词后跟动词不定式和跟动词-ing形式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别，常用的动词有begin(开始)、start(开始)、continue(继续)、intend(打算、想要)。 *From then on, you started to work/working for yourself. 从那时起，你开始了为自己工作。 *They continued to argue/arguing till after midnight. 他们继续争论直到午夜以后。 四、接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语意思不同的动词(短语) 有些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语时含义不同： forget doing(忘记已做过某事)/forget to do(忘记要做某事)、remember doing(记得做过某事)/remember to do(记住要做某事)、mean doing(意思是、意味着)/mean to do(打算做)、regret doing(后悔做过某事)/regret to do(遗憾要做某事)、try to do(想方设法做某事)/try doing(尝试做某事)、can't help doing(禁不住做)/can't help(to) do(不能帮忙做)。 *Don't forget to say “Thank you” when someone has helped you. 当有人帮助了你时不要忘记说“谢谢”。 *I forgot closing the windows when I returned home. 我回到家的时候，忘记已经关了窗户。 七．单元写作 应用文写作——学习反思 对阶段性学习经历进行回顾、总结与评估，梳理已掌握的知识与技能，分析存在的问题与不足，并据此规划后续的学习策略与改进方向。常用于课堂反思日志、学习经验交流、阶段性学习总结、学习周记等写作场景。属于议论性与叙述性相结合的应用文体，要求内容真实具体、分析客观深入、语言简洁有力，遵循“回顾过去—分析收获—反思不足—规划未来”的递进式结构。 时态依据内容而定：回顾过去的做法和经历用一般过去时，总结现状和收获用一般现在时，展望未来的计划和目标用一般将来时。 课文对接：Unit 9 Learning 中，Reading Club 1是一篇留学生写的学习反思，真实记录了其留学初期的文化冲击经历与心路历程；写作课范文则为关于“记忆秘密”的学习反思，均采用“过去所学—现在所获—将来所做”的三段式结构。 [基本框架] 学习反思通常采用“现在—过去—将来”的递进式结构，遵循“回顾经历→分析收获→反思不足→规划改进”的认知逻辑，一般由以下四个部分构成： 第一部分：开篇（引入学习对象，交代背景） 用一句话简要说明本次反思针对的学习内容或活动（如一次讲座、一个单元的学习、一段时间的英语学习经历等）。作为全文的总领，让读者快速了解反思的背景。 第二部分：收获与认知改变（What I have learned） 详细介绍通过这次学习获得的新知识、新技能，以及个人认知层面的变化——可以是对某个话题理解程度的变化，也可以是对某一学习领域认知视角的转变。这部分须结合具体的学习内容，展现真实的收获，而非泛泛而谈。 第三部分：问题与不足（What I need to improve） 客观分析自己在学习过程中暴露出的问题与不足，这是全文的核心短板。反思的真正价值在于发现问题，而非自我表扬。这一部分的陈述须客观、具体、深刻，不浮于表面。避免“我没有认真学习”等空泛的自我批评，应从具体的学习行为中挖掘实质性问题：如词汇量不足、英语思维欠缺、写作逻辑跳跃、练习强度不够、课文背诵不熟练等。问题陈述越具体，反思的价值就越大，后续的改进方向也越有针对性。这部分在篇幅上应占据重要位置。 第四部分：改进计划（What I will do next） 针对上文分析的不足，提出具体可行的行动计划。每一点不足对应一个改进方向，遵循逻辑闭环：发现了什么不足→从哪个方向着手改进→预期达成什么效果。改进措施应着眼于日常学习的具体行为，如每天坚持背诵20个单词、每周完成一篇阅读理解限时训练、建立错题本记录语法错误等。结束时可表达决心并展望未来。 [常用词块] ★时间标识（勾勒学习时间线） 1. at the beginning of this term / semester 在本学期初 2. during the past few weeks / months 在过去的几周/几个月里 3. before taking this course / before learning this unit 在学习这门课/本单元之前 4. after finishing this unit 在完成本单元之后 5. looking back on my learning experience 回顾我的学习经历 6. so far / up to now 到目前为止 7. when I look back on what I have learned 当我回顾所学的内容时 8. a few weeks ago 几周前 ★收获与认知变化（What I have gained） 1. make progress in English learning 在英语学习上取得进步 2. a sense of achievement 成就感 3. benefit a lot from 从……中受益匪浅 4. have a deeper understanding of 对……有了更深入的理解 5. be greatly inspired by 受到……的极大鼓舞 6. completely change one’s view on 彻底改变某人对于……的看法 7. open up a whole new world for me 为我打开了一个全新的世界 8. realize the importance of 意识到……的重要性 9. strengthen / improve my English ability 加强/提高英语能力 10. gain valuable learning strategies 获得宝贵的学习策略 ★不足之处（Areas for improvement） 1. have difficulty in doing sth / find it hard to do sth 做某事有困难 2. be weak in / have a poor command of 在某方面薄弱 3. lack effective learning methods 缺乏有效的学习方法 4. make a lot of spelling / grammar mistakes 犯许多拼写/语法错误 5. be too nervous to speak English confidently 过于紧张不敢自信地说英语 6. rely heavily on electronic dictionaries 过度依赖电子词典 7. struggle with time management during exams 考试时时间管理困难 8. fail to review what I have learned in time 未能及时复习所学内容 ★改进措施（Future plans） 1. develop a habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯 2. make a detailed study schedule 制定详细的学习计划 3. stick to my plan and keep practicing every day 坚持计划并每天练习 4. turn to the teacher for help when in trouble 遇到困难时向老师求助 5. build up my vocabulary and strengthen my grammar foundation 扩大词汇量、巩固语法基础 6. do extra reading / listening practice 做额外的阅读/听力练习 7. form a study group with my classmates 与同学组成学习小组 8. set aside some time each day to review what I have learned 每天留出时间复习所学内容 9. promise to make a change from now on 承诺从现在开始做出改变 [常用语句] ★精彩开头（引入反思内容） 1. Before learning this unit, I used to think that memory was just about how smart a person was. I never realized that there were so many scientific secrets behind it. 2. Looking back on my English learning over the past few weeks, I feel that I have gained much more than I expected. 3. The reading passage “The Secrets of Your Memory” really opened my eyes. It totally changed my understanding of how memory works. 4. After finishing Unit 9 Learning, I have come to realize that learning itself is a skill that requires constant reflection and improvement. 5. The lecture on reading strategies that I attended last week made me rethink my own approach to English reading. 6. Before I started this unit, I was convinced that some people were just born with a better memory than others. Now I know I was wrong. ★正文佳句（陈述收获与认知变化） 1. From the reading, I learned that almost nobody has a photographic memory. Even the most gifted learners need to make efforts to remember things. 2. It was surprising to find that our memory is at its peak around the age of 25. Before reading this, I had always assumed that memory would gradually decline from childhood onwards. 3. One of the most valuable things I have learned from this unit is that active learning is far more effective than passive listening. 4. The article pointed out that we tend to remember things from our childhood more clearly because those experiences were often connected to strong emotions. 5. I now understand that memory is not fixed or unchanging. With the right strategies and enough practice, it can be greatly improved. 6. What impressed me most was the realization that reviewing what we have learned in a timely manner is the key to long-term memory. 7. This unit has not only provided me with scientific knowledge about learning but also offered me practical strategies that I can apply in my daily study. 8. Before taking this course, I often wasted a lot of time on inefficient learning methods. Now I have learned to plan my study time more wisely. ★正文佳句（反思问题与不足） 1. However, I have also realized that my vocabulary is still far from sufficient. I often encounter unfamiliar words while reading, which greatly slows me down. 2. One problem I need to work on is that I tend to rely too much on my electronic dictionary instead of trying to guess the meaning of new words from the context. 3. Although I have learned some useful memory strategies, I still find it difficult to put them into practice consistently in my daily life. 4. Another weakness I have discovered is that I seldom review what I have learned after class, which leads to poor long-term retention. 5. When it comes to listening practice, I often get anxious if I miss a single word. This anxiety sometimes causes me to lose focus for the rest of the passage. 6. I must admit that I am not good at expressing myself flexibly in English. My writing relies too heavily on a few sentence patterns that I have memorized. ★余味结尾（规划改进与表达决心） 1. From now on, I promise to set aside at least 20 minutes every day to review what I have learned and organize my notes. 2. I plan to read more English articles and try to guess the meanings of unfamiliar words from the context instead of reaching for the dictionary immediately. 3. To improve my listening skills, I will listen to English podcasts on my way to school every morning and focus on grasping the main idea rather than every single word. 4. I will keep a learning journal to record my progress and reflect on my weaknesses on a regular basis. 5. Although there is still a long way to go, I am determined to become a more active and efficient learner. 6. I believe that if I stick to these strategies, I will gradually overcome my weaknesses and become a better English learner. 7. Learning is a lifelong journey, and reflection is the compass that keeps us on the right track. I will continue to reflect on my learning and keep improving myself. [参考范文] 写作任务 假定你是李华，你的英语老师要求你就最近学完的Unit 9 Learning写一篇学习反思。内容要点包括： 1. 学完本单元后，你对“学习”或“记忆”的认识发生了哪些变化； 2. 你在英语学习中还存在的不足； 3. 今后的改进计划和努力方向。 参考范文 My Reflection on Unit 9 Learning Before learning this unit, I thought memory was simply a gift that some people were born with. However, after finishing Unit 9, I have completely changed my view. From the passage “The Secrets of Your Memory”, I learned that almost nobody has a photographic memory — everyone needs to make efforts to remember things. I also found it surprising that our memory is at its best around the age of 25. Nevertheless, I have also realized my own weaknesses. I tend to rely too heavily on my electronic dictionary instead of guessing word meanings from the context. Moreover, I seldom review what I have learned in a timely manner, which leads to poor long-term retention. To overcome these problems, I plan to spend at least 20 minutes every day reviewing my notes. I will also try to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context before turning to the dictionary. I believe that with these changes, I will become a more efficient learner. 学科网（北京）股份有限公59 / 60 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 必修第三册 单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 7 Art 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.drama n.戏剧 2.atmosphere n.气氛；氛围 3.figure n.人像，人形；数字 4.mentally adv.精神上；心理上 5.affect vt.影响 6.spot n.（圆）点；斑点；污渍 7.scream n.尖叫，尖叫声 vi.& vt.高声喊出 8.viewer n.观看者 9.cause vt.导致，引起；使发生 n.原因；事业 10.scene n.景色 11.male adj.男（性）的 12.master vt.掌握，精通 n.大师；主人 13.pattern n.图案；花样，式样 14.otherwise adv.否则；要不然 15.aspect n.方面 16.struggle n.奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏 17.score n.乐谱；比分；成绩 18.charge n.主管；负责 19.signal vt.标志着；预示 n.标识 20.broad adj.宽阔的；广博的 21.madam n.女士；夫人 二、单词拓展 1.perform vi.& vt.表演；演出→performance n.表演；演出→performer n.表演者；演奏者；演员 2.exhibit v.展出，展览 n.展览品→exhibition n.展出（会），展览 3.talent n.才能→talented adj.有才能的；有天资的 4.fail vi.失败→failure n.失败的事；失败 5.strike v.打击；打动→striking adj.惊人的；显著的 6.burn v.燃烧→burning adj.燃烧着的 7.react vi.反应→reaction n.反应 8.emotion n.情感→emotional adj.感情的；情绪的 9.refer v.提到；谈到→reference n.参考；查阅；提及 10.compose vt.作（曲）；构成；写作→composer n.作曲家→composition n.作文；构成 11.respond vi.& vt.回应，回复→response n.回应，回复 12.tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的→tension n.紧张 v.拉紧 13.conduct vt.指挥→conductor n.指挥 14.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n.犹豫；踌躇 15.joy n.高兴，愉快，乐事→joyous adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的 16.advertise v.登广告→advertisement n.广告→advertising n.广告业 17.appreciate vt.感激；欣赏→appreciation n.感激；欣赏 18.faith n.忠诚→faithful adj.忠诚的，忠实的→faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地 19.express v.表达→expressive adj.富于感情的；明确表露想法的→expression n.表达；表情 20.art n.艺术→artistic adj.美术的；艺术的→artist n.艺术家 21.extend v.延伸；扩大；延长;伸展→extension n.延伸；扩展；外延；广延（性）→extensive adj.广阔的；广泛的；广大的；大量的→extensively adv.广泛地；大规模地；全面地 22.admire v.敬佩；羡慕→admiration n.敬佩；羡慕→admirable adj.令人敬佩的；令人羡慕的 23.permit v.允许→permission n.允许；许可 24.threat n.威胁→threaten v.威胁→threatening adj.（行为）带有威胁的 25.mess n.凌乱→messy adj.脏的；凌乱的 26.punish v.处罚；惩罚→punishable adj.可依法惩处的→punishment n.处罚；惩罚 三、常考单词 1. performance n.表演；演出；表现 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）give/put on a performance 呈现一场表演 （2）perform vi.& vt. 表演；履行；执行 perform a（n）...role in... 在……中起……作用；在……中扮演…… 角色 （3）performer n. 执行者；表演者；演员 If you are selected to perform a role in the musical, you will need to attend daily rehearsals and memorize all your lines.［应用文写作之建议信］ 如果你被选中在音乐剧中扮演一个角色，你将需要参加每天的排练并记住所有的台词。 2.figure n.数字；人像，人形；身影；身材，体形；人物；雕像，塑像；图形 v.计算；认为 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）keep one's figure 保持体形 have a good figure 身材好 a political figure 一位政治人物 （2）figure out 理解；计算出；弄清楚 （1）You have a good figure, and you will look very nice wearing these jeans. 你的身材很好，你穿这条牛仔裤会很好看。 （2）Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise can you keep your figure and stay healthy.［应用文写作之建议信］ 只有通过均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。 3. spot v.发现；认出；点缀 n.（圆）点；斑点；污渍，污点；地点 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with 散布；点缀 （2）on the spot 当场；立刻；在现场 put sb. on the spot 让某人难堪 tourist/scenic spots 旅游景点 My heart was beating violently against my chest as I stood rooted to the spot, tears rolling down my cheeks.［读后续写之心理描写］ 我呆在原地，心在胸口怦怦直跳，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。 4.failure n.衰退，衰竭；失败；故障；失败的人（事） 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）end in failure 以失败告终 a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事 （2）fail v. 失败；未能；失灵；歉收 fail to do... 未能做…… fail in... 在……失败 Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天我们将讨论一些关于英语初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。［应用文写作之演讲稿］ 5. struggle vi.奋斗，拼搏 n.奋斗 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）struggle for... 为……而斗争/奋斗 struggle against/with sb./sth. 与某人/某事做斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 （2）It is a struggle （for sb.） to do sth.（对于某人而言）做某事真是件难事。 （2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ）During my first visit to Italy, I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. 我第一次去意大利旅行的时候，问路或点餐都很费力。 6.respond vi.& vt.回应，回复；作出反应 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）respond to对……作出回应或反应 （2）response n. 回答，答复；反应 in response to 作为回应；响应；答复 make （no） response to... 对……（不）回应 In response to the Sunshine Sports Activities launched by our school, we have organized long-distance running in the morning. 为了响应我们学校发起的阳光体育活动，我们组织了早上长跑活动。［应用文写作之倡议书］ 7.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over （doing） sth. 对（做）某事犹豫不决 （2）hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 He hesitated for a while, his eyes growing tender.［读后续写之神态描写］ 他犹豫了一会儿，眼神变得温柔起来。 8. charge n.主管；负责；费用，价钱；指控 vt.& vi.收费；控诉；猛冲；向……方向冲去 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）in charge 主管;看管 in charge of 掌握；负责 in the charge of... 在……掌管之下 take charge of 掌管;负责;控制 （2）free of charge 免费 （3）charge sb. for... 因……向某人收费 charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事 （1）（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文） I'm Li Hua, the student in charge of “Talk and Talk”， an English programme in our school radio station. 我叫李华，是负责我们学校广播站英语节目《谈话》的学生。 （2）He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on. 他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。 9. compose vt.作（曲）；创作；写作；组成，构成；使平静；使镇静 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）be composed of 由...组成 （2）compose oneself使自己镇定 （3）composer n.作曲家 composition n.作曲，创作，作品；成分；构成 It is universally acknowledged that life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms, and we must learn to face and overcome difficulties bravely.［读后续写之主旨升华］ 人们普遍认为，生活不仅充满阳光，而且伴随着风雨，我们必须学会勇敢地面对和克服困难。 10.appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；理解；意识到 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）appreciate+n./pron./doing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激 （2）appreciation n. 感激;欣赏 express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情 （ 2023·全国甲卷满分作文）Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.［应用文写作之人物介绍］ 范仲淹因为对社会做出了巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。 11. permission n.允许；许可；批准 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）without permission 未经允许 ask sb.for permission=ask permission from sb. 请求某人许可 （2）permit v. 允许，准许，许可 n.执照；许可证；通行证 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission.［应用文写作之通知］ 任何人未经允许都禁止对博物馆里的展品拍照。 12. threatening adj.（行为）带有威胁的；恐吓的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）threaten v. 威胁到，危及 threaten...with...用……威胁…… threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事 （2）threatened adj. 受到威胁的；感到危险的 （3）threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人 a threat to... 对……的威胁 under threat 受到威胁 The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared． 然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。 13. messy adj.凌乱的；混乱的；脏的 背重点 背写作佳句 mess n. 混乱，脏乱；脏或乱的状态 v.弄乱；弄脏 in a mess 混乱，脏乱，乱七八糟 make a mess of 弄乱……；搞糟…… mess up 弄乱；弄脏；弄糟 Please put these teaching materials in order and don't leave them in a mess. 请把这些教材整理好，不要乱放。 四．单元短语 1.let out发出（声音）；放出；泄露 2.be connected to...与……有联系 3.a series of一系列的 4.as for至于 5.refer to提到 6.at the bottom of...在……的底部 7.after all毕竟 8.not hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事 9.take charge of负责 10.be fond of喜爱，爱好 11.in addition另外，此外 12.range from...to...范围从……到…… 13.in total总共 14.all in all总而言之 五．单元佳句 1.What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.（what引导主语从句） 使它（画）富有冲击力的是，它展现出一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。 2.I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set...（be doing...when...） 太阳落山时，我正和两个朋友一起顺着路走…… 3.I wish I knew more about them.（wish后的虚拟语气） 但愿我对它们了解得多一些。 4.Inspired by his struggles with deafness， the composer produced some amazing pieces...［过去分词（短语）作状语］ 这位作曲家在与耳聋的抗争中受到启发，创作了一些令人惊叹的作品…… 5.After all， what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius?（even if引导让步状语从句） 毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥——即使他是音乐天才，又有什么用呢？ 6.But Beethoven continued conducting， his head buried in the score.（独立主格结构） 但贝多芬还将头埋在乐谱里继续指挥。 六．单元语法 名词性从句 名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。本单元只讲前三类从句。 一、主语从句 在句子中作主语的从句叫作主语从句。 1．基本用法 连接词 功能及用法 that 不充当任何成分，也没有含义，一般不省略 whether 意为“是否 ”，不充当任何成分，一般不用if引导主语从句，尤其是放在句首时 连接代词：who(ever)、whom(ever)、what(ever)、whose、which(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分 连接副词：when(ever)、where(ever)、why、how(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语 *That they were in truth sisters was clear, for they were so alike. 很明显，她们确实是亲姐妹，因为她们很相像。 *Whether they will have the meeting hasn't been decided yet. 他们是否要开会还没有定下来。 2．主语从句的主谓一致 (1)主语从句通常被看作一个整体，主句的谓语动词用单数形式。 *That they will come is certain. 他们要来是可以确定的。 *When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet. 会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。 (2)并列从句作主语，谓语动词常用复数。 *When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet. 他们将于何时出发去伦敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。 (3)what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定。 *What he wants is some water. 他想要的是一些水。 二、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 1．基本用法 连接词 功能及用法 that 不充当任何成分，也没有含义，且通常可以省略 whether/if 意为“是否 ”，常放在动词(短语)ask、care、wonder、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者可替换使用，在口语中多用if 连接代词：who(ever)、whom(ever)、what(ever)、whose、which(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分 连接副词：when(ever)、where(ever)、why、how(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语 2．it作形式宾语 (1)动词后面有宾语补足语的时候，需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 *I find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day. 我发现我们每天练习英语口语是有必要的。 (2)介词后一般不跟that引导的宾语从句，可用it 作形式宾语，再接that从句。 *Please see to it that the children go to bed by 9 o'clock. 请务必让孩子们9点前上床睡觉。 (3)有些表示喜好、憎恶的动词(like、enjoy、love、hate、appreciate等)后接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语。 *I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 三、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be、look、remain、seem等。 连接词 功能及用法 that 仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略 whether 起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语从句 连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which等 除了在句中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语等成分 连接副词where、when、why、how等 除在句中起连接作用外，还分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语等 as if/though、because等 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/It is/was because...”句型中 七．单元写作 应用文写作——咨询类邮件 用于向活动主办方、校方、机构等询问活动细节、报名要求、费用安排等信息，常见于校园社团活动申请、假期研学咨询、社会实践报名等场景。属于正式电子邮件范畴，要求语言简洁得体、信息明确清晰、格式完整规范，遵循“礼貌询问—说明缘由—具体提问—表达期待”的基本结构。 时态以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，人称根据具体语境灵活选用。 [基本框架] 开头： 表明写信目的，说明从何处获知该活动/信息，并简要介绍自己的身份。 • 自我介绍（姓名、年级/身份） • 信息来源（从官网/海报/公告看到） • 写信目的（表达兴趣并咨询相关细节） 主体： 分条目或分段列出需要咨询的具体问题，通常涵盖以下几个方面： • 时间与地点安排：活动具体日期、时长、地点位置 • 费用与报名要求：收费明细、缴纳方式、报名截止日期 • 活动详细流程：每日安排、行程规划、特殊要求 • 其他细节：住宿安排、餐饮情况、交通方式、所需携带物品 结尾： 表达感谢及期待回复的态度。 • 感谢对方阅读和考虑 • 表达对活动的期待 • 表示期待对方的回复 [常用词块] 1. learn from / see from / be informed that 从……得知 2. a two-week summer programme 为期两周的暑期项目 3. be interested in / show great interest in 对……感兴趣 4. would like to know / wish to know / would appreciate it if you could tell me 希望了解 5. be held / take place 举行，举办 6. be scheduled to do / be set for 计划安排在 7. the application deadline / registration deadline 报名截止日期 8. tuition fee / accommodation fee / registration fee 学费/住宿费/报名费 9. cover the expenses / include the cost of 涵盖费用 10. daily schedule / itinerary / arrangement 每日安排 11. look forward to / can't wait to 期待 12. I would be grateful if you could... 如果您能……我将不胜感激 13. Could you please provide me with more details about...? 您能否提供关于……的更多详情？ 14. I'd also like to enquire about... 我还想咨询一下关于…… 15. Thank you for your time and consideration. 感谢您抽出时间和精力考虑我的问题。 [常用语句] ★开篇说明写信目的和来源 1. I am writing to ask for some information about the summer art camp that your school is organizing. 2. I saw the advertisement for the “Youth Art Exhibition” on your school website and I am very interested in it. 3. I am Li Hua, a senior high school student, and I have learned that you are going to hold a two-week art course. 4. Having read the notice of the international art exchange programme, I am writing to enquire about some relevant details. 5. I came across your poster for the painting workshop and I would like to know more about it. 6. I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with more detailed information regarding the art festival. 7. I learned from my teacher that the school is planning to invite some professional artists to give lectures on traditional Chinese painting. I am writing to enquire about the arrangement. ★咨询细节（时间、地点、费用、报名、日程等） 1. Could you please tell me when and where the activity will be held? 2. I would be grateful if you could inform me of the specific dates and the exact location of the course. 3. I’d also like to know how much the tuition fee is and whether it covers accommodation and meals. 4. Would you mind telling me what the daily schedule is and what activities we will be doing each day? 5. Could you please let me know how I can register for the event and what documents I need to prepare? 6. I would appreciate it if you could provide me with some information about the accommodation arrangements. 7. Another point I’m not clear about is whether there is any age requirement or English level requirement for participants. 8. I am also interested in knowing what materials I need to prepare for the course. 9. What are the specific requirements for applying for this programme? ★结尾表达感谢与期待回复 1. Thank you for your time and I look forward to your early reply. 2. I would greatly appreciate it if you could take the time to answer my questions. 3. I am very much looking forward to hearing from you soon. 4. Any information you can provide would be highly appreciated. 5. Thank you for your patience and consideration. Best regards. 6. I am truly looking forward to taking part in this wonderful activity and I can't wait to receive your reply. 7. I’d appreciate it if you could kindly reply at your earliest convenience. [参考范文] 写作任务 假定你是李华，你在学校的网站上看到一则“国际青年艺术展”的招募通知，你对此次活动非常感兴趣，希望了解更多细节。请你给活动负责人写一封电子邮件，询问以下信息： 1. 活动的具体时间和地点； 2. 参展作品的类型和要求； 3. 是否需要报名费，以及报名截止日期。 参考范文： Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a senior high school student. I learned from your school website that you are organizing an International Youth Art Exhibition. I am very interested in it, so I’m writing to enquire about some details. First of all, I would like to know when and where the exhibition will be held. Besides, could you please tell me what types of artworks are acceptable and whether there is any requirement for the size or style of the works? Lastly, I would appreciate it if you could inform me of the registration fee, if any, and the application deadline. Thank you for your time and patience. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Unit 8 Green Living 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公17 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.desert n.沙漠 2.transport n.交通运输系统，运输方式 3.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 4.flat n.一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的 5.root n.树根 6.shoot n.芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射中；射击 7.firm adj.坚实的；稳固的 8.poster n.海报 9.founder n.创办人，创始者 10.profit n.盈利，利润 11.region n.地区，区域 12.rate n.比率，率 13.overcome vt.克服（困难）；控制（感情） 14.former adj.以前的，从前的 15.current adj.当前的，现时的 16.ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 17.parking n.（车辆等的）停放 18.therefore adv.因此；由此 19.path n.小径，小道 20.official n.官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的 21.attitude n.看法；态度 22.honey n.蜂蜜 23.butter n.黄油，牛油 24.sum vt.概括，总结 二、单词拓展 1.globe n.球体；地球→global adj.全球的，全世界的 2.industry n.工业→industrial adj.工业的 3.extinct v.灭绝→extinction n.灭绝 4.solve v.解决→solution n.解决办法 5.electric adj.电的；用电的→electricity n.电→electrical adj.与电有关的→electronic adj.电子的 6.balance n.平衡→balanced adj.平衡的 7.bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n.麻烦；困难→bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的 8.involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.有关的；卷入的 9.organise v.组织；安排→organiser n.组织者，安排者→organisation n.组织；安排→organised adj.有条理的 10.content adj.满足的 v.使满足 n.内容；目录→contented adj.满意的；满足的 11.occur vi.发生→occurrence n.发生 12.agriculture n.农业→agricultural adj.农业的 13.propose v.建议，提议→proposal n.建议，提议 14.survive v.继续生存，幸存；比……活得长→survival n.继续生存，幸存→survivor n.幸存者 15.determine v.决定→determination n.决心；毅力→determined adj.坚定的；坚决的 16.appear vi.出现→（反义词）disappear vi.消失，不见→disappearance n.消失，不见→（反义词）appearance n.出现 17.track v.跟踪 n.踪迹→tracking n.跟踪 18.resident n.居民→residence n.住宅；住房 19.percent n.百分数→percentage n.百分比，百分率 20.dispose v.安排，布置→disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的 21.contain v.容纳→container n.容器 22.major v.主修 adj.主要的→majority n.大多数→（反义词）minority n.少数 23.indicate vt.表明；显示→indication n.表明；显示 24.pollute v.污染→pollutant n.污染物→pollution n.污染 三、常考单词 1. balance n.平衡；天平；余额 vt.平衡；权衡；使相等 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B在A与B之间保持平衡 （2）balance...against... 权衡/比较……与…… （3）balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 What I want to stress to you is that you should keep a balance between work and relaxation. In addition，regular exercise and a balanced diet are beneficial to your health. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 我想向你强调的是，你应该在工作和放松之间保持平衡。此外，有规律的运动和均衡的饮食对你的健康有益。 2. shoot n.芽；苗；嫩枝；射击 v.射击；射中；拍摄 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）shoot at... 朝……射击；向……开枪 shoot up激增；迅速长高 shoot out射出；抽出；伸出 （2）shot n.射击；投球；尝试 like a shot立即；飞快地 take a shot at...朝……射击 One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. 他又看了一眼，注意到有火焰从那辆被毁的汽车下面喷出来。 3. bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n.烦扰；麻烦；困难；麻烦的事；讨厌的人 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 bother about/with sth.为某事花费时间或精力 can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事 bother sb. about/with sth.因某事使某人烦恼；为某事打扰/麻烦某人 It bothers sb. that.../to do sth.……/做某事使某人苦恼 （2）have bother （in） doing sth.做某事费劲 I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping it won't bother you much. ［应用文写作之求助信］ 我确实需要你宝贵的建议,希望这不会给你造成太多麻烦。 4.involve v.参与；包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；使参加（卷入）…… 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）involve （doing） sth. 包含；需要（做）某事 involve oneself in参加…… （2）be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联；专注于…… （3）involvement n.参与；投入；牵连 It's essential that we get involved in one sport or another to develop a hobby or our social skills. ［应用文写作之倡议书］ 我们有必要参与一项或另一项运动来培养爱好或社交技能。 5. container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 背重点 背写作佳句 contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳；克制；控制 contain oneself克制自己 （2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个区域。 6.majority n.大多数；多数；多数党；多数派 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）the majority of...大多数…… in the majority占多数 （2）major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；专业 major in...主修……；以……为专业 （3）minority n.少数 in the minority占少数 In our community, those who prefer traditional books over e-books are in the minority, reflecting a broader trend towards digital reading. 在我们的社区中，那些更喜欢传统书籍而非电子书的人占少数，这反映了向数字阅读转变的一种更广泛的趋势。 7. sum n.总和；总数；金额 v.概括；总结 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）a large/small sum of 大量的/少量的 in sum总而言之 （2）sum to共计 sum up总结；概括 to sum up总之 It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day. ［应用文写作之建议信］ 重要的是要记住成功是每天付出的小小努力的总和。 8. do my part for sth. 尽自己所能做某事 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）part n.部分；成员；成分；地区；角色 v.分别；分开 （2）play a part in在……起作用；在……扮演角色 take part in参加 for one's part就某人而言 for the most part多半；通常 in part部分地；在某种程度上 （3）part with放弃；交出 part from与……分离 Everyone should play a part in the environmental protection campaign and say no to environmental pollution. 每一个人都应该参与这个环境保护运动并对环境污染说不。 9. take action 采取行动 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）take steps/measures 采取措施 （2）in action在活动中；在运转 out of action失去作用；不能工作 put/bring...in/into action实行……；实施…… come into action开始行动 The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis. 新的交通管制方案正在试验实施。 ［应用文写作之新闻报道］ 10. work through 调整（情绪） 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）work on致力于……；对……起作用； 继续工作；从事于…… work out解决；算出；制定出；锻炼 work as...从事……工作 （2）in work有工作 out of work无工作/失业 at work在工作 Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. 如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，事情就会好转。 11. come up with 想出，想到 背重点 背写作佳句 come across偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解；被弄懂 come about发生;产生（常与how连用） come out（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；出版，发表 come up走到跟前；被提及（无被动语态） Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity, he poured out all his trouble he came across.［读后续写之情感描写］ 她的热情和真诚深深地鼓舞了他，他倾诉出了他所遇到的所有困难。 12. cut back on 削减，缩减 背重点 背写作佳句 cut down （on）减少，缩减 cut up切碎；齐根切掉 cut in打断（谈话）；插嘴 cut out剪下；停止；删除，去除 cut off切断；中断（供给或通话）；隔绝 Many trees are being cut down, many animals are being hunted, and our environment is being destroyed. Shouldn't we take measures to make a difference？ ［应用文写作之发言稿］ 许多树木正在被砍伐，许多动物正在被猎杀，我们的环境正在被破坏。难道我们不应该采取措施做出改变吗？ 四．单元短语 1.do my part for sth.尽自己所能做某事 2.can't be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 3.take action采取行动 4.set up建立 5.in addition to除……以外（还） 6.live together in peace with nature与自然和平相处 7.all around the world全世界 8.blow away吹走 9.bring...to an end使……结束 10.work through调整（情绪） 11.make sb.'s dream come true（使）某人梦想成真 12.be referred to as...被称为…… 13.come up with想出，想到 14.thanks to多亏 15.take part （in）参加 16.cut back on削减，缩减 17.to sum up总之 18.make the best of充分利用 19.contribute to有助于；导致 学科网（北京）股份有限公22 / 59 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1.Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”.（what引导名词性从句） 很多人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。 2.They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.（it作形式主语） 他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。 3.People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey， so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.（so that引导目的状语从句） 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能够从那里骑走它并继续使用。 4.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy， reduce air and noise pollution， and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.（动词不定式作状语） 本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。 5.To sum up， it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.（it seems/seemed that...） 总而言之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。 6.Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills.（even if/though引导让步状语从句） 尽管这个国家（瑞典）每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场。 六．单元语法 v.-ing和v.-ed形式 一、分词的基本形式 1．现在分词的形式 现在分词形式 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done *The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable. 那场大火持续了近一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。 *Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. 有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。 2．过去分词的形式 过去分词只有一种形式，即done。 *Encouraged by her mother，the little girl picked herself up and went on running. 在妈妈的鼓励下，小女孩爬起来继续跑。 二、分词的句法功能 1．分词作定语 现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作(现在分词的完成式一般不作定语)；过去分词作定语表示所修饰的词与分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句。 *There are many students waiting(＝who are waiting) to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。 *I borrowed a book written(＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 2．分词作状语 分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况。作结果状语时，可以转换为非限制性定语从句或并列分句；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以转换为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以转换为相应的状语从句。 一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。 *Hearing the news(＝When they heard the news)，they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息，他们就立即出发去上海了。 *Frightened by the noise in the night(＝Because she was frightened by the noise in the night)，the little girl didn't dare to sleep in her room. 小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。 *Turning to the left(＝If you turn to the left)，you will find the school. 向左拐，你就会找到那所学校。 3．分词作宾补 分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。 *I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 *I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌曲。 分词作宾补时常用于以下两种情况： (1)位于感官动词后，如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、notice等。 *We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 (2)位于使役动词后，如make、have、get、keep、leave等。 *They had the light burning all night. 他们整夜让灯亮着。 4．分词作表语 分词作表语多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be、remain、feel、stay、seem、look、become等。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征。 *The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 *We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 我们对湖光的美感到惊叹。 七．单元写作 应用文写作——调查报告 用于介绍调查研究的基本情况、呈现调查数据、分析调查结果并给出结论建议，常见于校园活动总结、社会现象分析、英语报刊投稿、图表作文等写作场景。属于说明文范畴，要求语言客观准确、数据呈现清晰、逻辑层次分明，遵循“背景介绍—数据呈现—结果分析—结论建议”的基本结构。 时态以一般现在时为主，描述调查过程和收集数据时可用一般过去时，人称以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 调查报告一般采用“总分总”的经典结构，全文通常由四个部分构成-21-23： 第一部分：导语——简单介绍调查的基本信息，包括调查时间、调查者、调查主题、调查对象和调查方式。这部分要回答“谁在什么时间、针对什么主题、对谁进行了调查”的问题。 第二部分：积极结果——介绍调查中发现的良好现象或积极趋势。可用数据说明大部分调查对象在某个方面的表现或态度，旨在呈现亮点与成绩。 第三部分：问题与不足——呈现调查中发现的问题或需要改进的方面。这部分揭示调查对象在某些方面存在的不足或消极现象，要客观呈现，不作主观夸大。 第四部分：总结与建议——对调查结果进行简要总结，并提出有针对性的建议或改进措施。建议应具体可行，与前面揭示的问题形成呼应。 [常用词块] ★导语/开头 1. conduct / carry out a survey 开展一项调查 2. a recent survey has been done to find out... 最近做了一项调查来了解…… 3. according to a recent survey 根据最近的一项调查 4. I’ve made a survey and find that... 我做了一项调查，发现…… 5. Last week / Recently, we conducted a survey among... on the topic of... 上周/最近，我们就……话题在……中开展了一项调查 6. The survey involved / covered... respondents 该调查涉及……名受访者 7. be interviewed about... 就……接受采访 ★数据呈现与分析 1. the table / chart / graph shows / indicates that... 表格/图表显示…… 2. as is shown in the table / chart / graph 如表/图表所示 3. from / according to the table / chart / graph 根据表/图表 4. figures / statistics show that... 数据/统计显示…… 5. it can be seen from the figures that... 从数据中可以看出…… 6. as can be seen from the diagram 从图表中可以看出 7. account for / make up 占（比例） 8. the majority of / most of 大多数的 9. a small percentage of 一小部分 10. twice / three times as high as 是……的两倍/三倍 11. increase / rise / go up / grow 上升，增加 12. decrease / go down / drop / fall / decline 下降，减少 13. remain stable / steady 保持稳定 14. reach a peak of... 达到……的峰值 15. be in favor of / be for 赞成 16. be against / object to / be opposed to 反对 17. hold different opinions / views 持有不同观点 18. show great concern about 对……表现出极大关注 19. be aware of the importance of 意识到……的重要性 ★分析原因与影响 1. there are several reasons for this phenomenon 这一现象有几个原因 2. this can be attributed to... 这可归因于…… 3. the reasons for... are as follows ……的原因如下 4. this indicates that... 这表明…… 5. it is clear / apparent from the figures that... 从数据中清晰可见…… 6. compared with... 与……相比 7. the effect of... on... is obvious ……对……的影响是明显的 ★总结与建议 1. to sum up / in conclusion / in a word 总之 2. based on the survey results 基于调查结果 3. it is suggested that... 建议…… 4. we should take effective measures to... 我们应该采取有效措施…… 5. it is high time that... 正是……的时候了 6. more attention should be paid to... 应更加关注…… 7. I strongly recommend that... 我强烈建议…… 8. from my perspective / personally 在我看来 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. Recently, a survey has been conducted among 200 students of our school to find out their attitudes towards the use of shared bikes. 2. Last week, I carried out a survey on how our classmates spend their weekends. The results are as follows. 3. According to a recent survey carried out by our school English club, more than 60% of the students show great concern about environmental issues. 4. As is shown in the chart above, we conducted a survey among 150 students to learn about their reading habits. 5. I have made a survey among 100 residents in our community to find out how they contribute to environmental protection. 6. The table clearly shows the results of a survey on the favorite sports of high school students. ★正文佳句 1. As the chart shows, about 45% of the respondents spend over two hours a day on social media. 2. The majority of those surveyed believe that recycling is an effective way to reduce waste. 3. However, only a small percentage of them actually take action to sort their garbage. 4. Interestingly, more than half of the students are in favor of the new school regulation, while 30% hold the opposite view. 5. The figures indicate that a growing number of young people are aware of the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 6. Compared with last year’s survey, the number of students who participate in after-school sports has increased by 15%. 7. It can be seen from the statistics that girls tend to prefer reading, while boys are more interested in outdoor activities. 8. More than 70% of the respondents admit that they use smartphones for entertainment rather than for study purposes. 9. This suggests that although students are aware of environmental problems, their actions do not always match their awareness. 10. There is a significant difference between boys and girls in terms of their career expectations. ★余味结尾 1. To sum up, the survey shows that most students have a positive attitude towards environmental protection, but there is still room for improvement in their daily actions. 2. In conclusion, it is high time that we took effective measures to raise public awareness of the issue. 3. Based on the survey results, I strongly recommend that the school organize more outdoor activities to encourage students to live a healthy life. 4. From my perspective, more attention should be paid to educating students about the importance of reducing plastic waste. 5. In a word, we should work together to build a more environmentally friendly and sustainable community. [写作任务] 假定你是李华，你最近对你校800名中学生的未来理想职业进行了一次调查。请根据以下表格，用英语写一篇调查报告，向校英语报投稿。 理想职业 比例 理由 教师 35% 受人尊敬，有稳定的假期 医生 30% 帮助他人，社会地位高 企业家 20% 创造财富，实现自我价值 其他 15% 追求个人兴趣 注意：1. 写作词数应为100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯-17。 [参考范文] A Survey on Ideal Careers Among High School Students Recently, a survey was conducted among 800 high school students to find out their ideal future careers. The results are as follows. According to the survey, 35% of the students dream of becoming teachers, as they believe teaching is a respectable profession with stable holidays. Meanwhile, 30% choose to be doctors, hoping to help others and gain social recognition. 20% of the respondents prefer to become entrepreneurs, because this career allows them to create wealth and realize personal value. The remaining 15% have other career plans based on personal interests. From the survey, we can see that most students take social status and personal fulfillment into consideration when choosing a career. I believe that whatever career we choose, we should pursue it with passion and dedication. Unit 9 Learning 一、核心单词 1.approach n.方法 2.partner n.搭档，同伴 3.inner adj.内部的 4.unlikely adj.不大可能的 5.data n.资料；数据 6.unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的 7.beyond prep.超出……范围 8.recommend vt.推荐；建议 9.novel n.小说 10.sufficient adj.充足的 11.input n.输入；投入 12.normally adv.通常，平常 13.context n.上下文；语境；背景 14.worldwide adj.& adv.遍及世界的；在全世界 15.childhood n.童年，儿童时代 16.cell n.细胞 17.journal n.日记，日志 18.moreover adv.此外，而且 19.fiction n.小说 20.outcome n.结果，后果 二、单词拓展 1.reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达（意见）；反映；反思；反射→reflection n.沉思；想法；反射→reflective adj.沉思的；深思的 2.argue vi.争论，争吵→argument n.争论，争吵 3.assume vt.认为；假定，假设→assumption n.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设 4.automatic adj.自动的；无意识的→automatically adv.自动地；无意识地 5.flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地，可变通地 6.promote vt.促进，增进→promotion n.促进，增进 7.exist vi.存在；实际上有→existence n.存在 8.ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ignorance n.忽视；无知→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的 9.impress v.给……留下印象→impression n.印象；感想→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 10.simple adj.简单的→simplify v.简化→simplified adj.简化了的 11.memory n.记忆（力）→memorise vt.记住；熟记→memorisation n.记忆 12.effect n.影响→effective adj.有效的→effectively adv.有效地 13.arrange v.计划；安排→arrangement n.计划；安排 14.emotion n.情感；情绪→emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的→emotionally adv.情感上地；情绪上地 15.excite v.刺激，使……兴奋→excitement n.兴奋，激动→excited adj.激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的 16.publish vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登→publishing n.出版（业）；发行（业）→publisher n.出版人；发行人 17.sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的→sharply adv.急剧地，猛烈地；锋利地 18.evidence n.证据，证明→evident adj.明显的 19.expose vt.使接触；使体验→exposure n.接触；暴露→exposed adj.暴露的 三、常考单词 1. approach vt.& vi.靠近，接近；走近；接洽 n.方法；接近；通道，路径；建议 背重点 背写作佳句 an/the approach to （doing）...（做）……的方法/ 途径；通往……的道路 at the approach of... 在快到……的时候 with the approach of... 随着……的来临/临近 Jane got to her feet shakily，approached her husband and threw herself into his arms， sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulders.［读后续写之动作描写］ 简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，不由自主地趴在他的肩膀上抽泣。 2. reflect v.反映；映照；反射；思考 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 （2）reflection n. 显示，反映；反射；沉思 self-reflection n. 反省；自我反思 （3）reflective adj. 反射的；反光的；沉思的 The full moon that is reflected on the surface of the lake reminds people of their families far away. 湖面倒映出的满月使人们想起了远方的家人。 3.argue v.争论；争辩；主张，论证；说理；证明；认为 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）argue （with sb.） over/about sth. （与某人）争论某事 argue for/against sth. 据理赞成/反对某事 argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 （2）argument n. 争论，争辩；论据 beyond argument 无可争论 （3）arguable adj. 可论证的，有论据的 It is beyond argument that everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment, and our actions today will determine the quality of life for future generations. 无可争论的是，每个人都有责任保护环境，而我们今天的行动将决定未来几代人的生活质量。 4.assume vt.假定，假设；设想；认为；承担（责任） 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）assume...to be... 假定/假设……是…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assuming （that）... 假定/假设…… （2）assumption n. 假定，假设 make an/the assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假设…… （1）The art works submitted assumed in various forms of photos, paintings, handcrafts and calligraphy works. 提交的艺术作品呈现形式多样，有照片、绘画、手工艺品和书法作品。 （2）It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh us but it can also strengthen our memory. 人们普遍认为，喝中国茶不仅能够提神醒脑，而且还能够增强记忆力。 5. exist vi.存在；生存 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）exist in 存在于 exist on 靠……生存；靠……生活 There exist（s）... 有…… （2）existence n. 存在；生存；生活 come into existence/being 开始存在 in existence 现存的；现有的 （3）existing adj. 现存的；现行的 The survivors exist on bread and water supplied by the organisation which has been in existence for 25 years. 幸存者依靠这个组织提供的面包和水生存，该组织已经存在25年了。 6. ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；无学识的 be ignorant of... 对……一无所知 （2）ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 out of/through ignorance 出于无知 Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 忽视这两项研究结果之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。 7. unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 be familiar with... 对……熟悉 be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉 be on familiar terms with... 熟悉……；与……关系亲密、交情很好 （2）familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 Peter is on familiar terms with Mr White because he is a nice man. 皮特和怀特先生走得很近，因为他是一个好人。 8. arrangement n.安排；布置 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）make arrangements/an arrangement for... 为……做安排 （2）arrange vt. 安排；筹备；整理 arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange （for sb.） to do sth. 安排（某人）做某事 In order to improve his language skills, he arranged to spend a summer abroad, living with a host family and attending language classes. 为了提高他的语言技能，他安排在国外度过一个夏天，与寄宿家庭一起生活并参加语言课程。 9. evidence n.证明；证据；证词 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）There is evidence that... 有证据表明…… （2）evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显…… （3）evidently adv. 明显地 There is growing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancers. 越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些类型癌症的可能性较小。 10.expose v.使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光 背重点 背写作佳句 （1）expose...to... 使……接触…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临…… （2）exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 （be） exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… （3）exposure n. 接触；揭发；遭受 Having been exposed to/Having exposed myself to foreign teachers since a young age，I can communicate freely with others in English.［应用文写作之申请信］ 我从小就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。 11. end up doing 最终，最后 背重点 背写作佳句 end up with... 以……结束（指以某种方式结束） end up in... 以……结束（后接表示抽象概念的名词） end up+adj. 以……状况而告终 end up as... 最终成为…… Looking back, I would have ended up nowhere/ended up achieving nothing if I had lost patience and given up halfway. It's patience that makes a great difference in the end.［读后续写之主旨升华］ 回想起来,如果我失去耐心,半途而废,我终将一事无成。耐心最终会产生很大的影响。 12. in short 简而言之；简单地说 背重点 背写作佳句 be short for... 是……的缩写/简称 be short of... 缺少……；缺乏…… for short 简略为；简称 shortly speaking 简而言之 The UN, which is short for the United Nations, is trying to help Africa, where many people are short of food and shelters. UN——联合国的简称——正在努力帮助非洲，那里的许多人缺乏食物和住所。 四．单元短语 1.be curious about...对……感到好奇 2.brush up （on）温习，复习 3.reflect on思考 4.argue with争吵 5.get in the way妨碍，阻碍 6.end up doing最后；最终 7.work out弄懂某事物；计算出 8.in short总而言之；简单地说 9.attempt to尝试 10.at the heart of...在……的中心 11.be based on...以……为根据 12.be honoured to do sth.很荣幸做某事 13.in one way or another不管怎样 14.as a result作为结果 15.take it easy放轻松 16.make good use of充分利用 17.fit in融入 五．单元佳句 1.If you find your inner voice difficult to control， you can argue with it as most active learners do.（as引导方式状语从句） 如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，你可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。 2.If not， at least you have “listened to” another point of view.（if省略句） 如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 3.This is because when we experience things for the first time， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.（This/It/That is because...） 这是因为我们第一次经历事情时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。 4.It is important to connect it with what we already know.（it作形式主语） 将新内容和已知内容建立联系很重要。 5.Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it， but also the ways to improve it.（not only...but also...） 了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅了解有关它的事实，而且了解提高记忆力的方法。 六．单元语法 接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 一、接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) 下列动词(短语)后常用动词-ing形式作宾语：allow/permit(允许)、consider(考虑)、suggest/advise(建议)、finish(完成)、imagine(想象)、practice(练习)、enjoy(喜欢)、miss(错过、怀念)、prevent(阻止)、forbid(禁止)、escape(避免)、include(包括)、forgive/pardon/excuse(原谅)、avoid(避免)、can't help(禁不住)、deny(否认)、admit(承认)、fancy(设想、想做)、keep(保持)、mind(介意)、risk(冒险)、can't stand(不能忍受)、feel like(想要)、insist on(坚持)、delay/put off(推迟)、give up(放弃)、look forward to(盼望、期待)等。 *I now look forward to going back to work as soon as possible.　我现在盼望着尽快回到工作中去。 二、接动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 下列动词(短语)后常接不定式作宾语：afford(负担得起)、agree(同意)、appear(似乎)、arrange(安排)、ask(请求)、attempt(试图)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、expect(期待)、fail(失败)、help(帮助)、intend(打算)、learn(学习)、manage(设法)、offer(主动提出)、plan(计划)、pretend(假装)、promise(答应)、seem(似乎)、long(渴望)、wish(希望)、determine(决心)、refuse(拒绝)、would like/love/prefer/want(想要)等。 *We are at your service. Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any problems. 我们愿为你效劳。你如果有什么问题，尽管来找我们。 *When I came in, he pretended to be sleeping. 当我进来时，他假装正在睡觉。 *Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful bargains in the market. 有些人喜欢星期天购物，因为他们希望能在市场上挑到不错的便宜货。 三、接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语意思区别不大的动词(短语) 有些动词后跟动词不定式和跟动词-ing形式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别，常用的动词有begin(开始)、start(开始)、continue(继续)、intend(打算、想要)。 *From then on, you started to work/working for yourself. 从那时起，你开始了为自己工作。 *They continued to argue/arguing till after midnight. 他们继续争论直到午夜以后。 四、接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语意思不同的动词(短语) 有些动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语时含义不同： forget doing(忘记已做过某事)/forget to do(忘记要做某事)、remember doing(记得做过某事)/remember to do(记住要做某事)、mean doing(意思是、意味着)/mean to do(打算做)、regret doing(后悔做过某事)/regret to do(遗憾要做某事)、try to do(想方设法做某事)/try doing(尝试做某事)、can't help doing(禁不住做)/can't help(to) do(不能帮忙做)。 *Don't forget to say “Thank you” when someone has helped you. 当有人帮助了你时不要忘记说“谢谢”。 *I forgot closing the windows when I returned home. 我回到家的时候，忘记已经关了窗户。 七．单元写作 应用文写作——学习反思 对阶段性学习经历进行回顾、总结与评估，梳理已掌握的知识与技能，分析存在的问题与不足，并据此规划后续的学习策略与改进方向。常用于课堂反思日志、学习经验交流、阶段性学习总结、学习周记等写作场景。属于议论性与叙述性相结合的应用文体，要求内容真实具体、分析客观深入、语言简洁有力，遵循“回顾过去—分析收获—反思不足—规划未来”的递进式结构。 时态依据内容而定：回顾过去的做法和经历用一般过去时，总结现状和收获用一般现在时，展望未来的计划和目标用一般将来时。 课文对接：Unit 9 Learning 中，Reading Club 1是一篇留学生写的学习反思，真实记录了其留学初期的文化冲击经历与心路历程；写作课范文则为关于“记忆秘密”的学习反思，均采用“过去所学—现在所获—将来所做”的三段式结构。 [基本框架] 学习反思通常采用“现在—过去—将来”的递进式结构，遵循“回顾经历→分析收获→反思不足→规划改进”的认知逻辑，一般由以下四个部分构成： 第一部分：开篇（引入学习对象，交代背景） 用一句话简要说明本次反思针对的学习内容或活动（如一次讲座、一个单元的学习、一段时间的英语学习经历等）。作为全文的总领，让读者快速了解反思的背景。 第二部分：收获与认知改变（What I have learned） 详细介绍通过这次学习获得的新知识、新技能，以及个人认知层面的变化——可以是对某个话题理解程度的变化，也可以是对某一学习领域认知视角的转变。这部分须结合具体的学习内容，展现真实的收获，而非泛泛而谈。 第三部分：问题与不足（What I need to improve） 客观分析自己在学习过程中暴露出的问题与不足，这是全文的核心短板。反思的真正价值在于发现问题，而非自我表扬。这一部分的陈述须客观、具体、深刻，不浮于表面。避免“我没有认真学习”等空泛的自我批评，应从具体的学习行为中挖掘实质性问题：如词汇量不足、英语思维欠缺、写作逻辑跳跃、练习强度不够、课文背诵不熟练等。问题陈述越具体，反思的价值就越大，后续的改进方向也越有针对性。这部分在篇幅上应占据重要位置。 第四部分：改进计划（What I will do next） 针对上文分析的不足，提出具体可行的行动计划。每一点不足对应一个改进方向，遵循逻辑闭环：发现了什么不足→从哪个方向着手改进→预期达成什么效果。改进措施应着眼于日常学习的具体行为，如每天坚持背诵20个单词、每周完成一篇阅读理解限时训练、建立错题本记录语法错误等。结束时可表达决心并展望未来。 [常用词块] ★时间标识（勾勒学习时间线） 1. at the beginning of this term / semester 在本学期初 2. during the past few weeks / months 在过去的几周/几个月里 3. before taking this course / before learning this unit 在学习这门课/本单元之前 4. after finishing this unit 在完成本单元之后 5. looking back on my learning experience 回顾我的学习经历 6. so far / up to now 到目前为止 7. when I look back on what I have learned 当我回顾所学的内容时 8. a few weeks ago 几周前 ★收获与认知变化（What I have gained） 1. make progress in English learning 在英语学习上取得进步 2. a sense of achievement 成就感 3. benefit a lot from 从……中受益匪浅 4. have a deeper understanding of 对……有了更深入的理解 5. be greatly inspired by 受到……的极大鼓舞 6. completely change one’s view on 彻底改变某人对于……的看法 7. open up a whole new world for me 为我打开了一个全新的世界 8. realize the importance of 意识到……的重要性 9. strengthen / improve my English ability 加强/提高英语能力 10. gain valuable learning strategies 获得宝贵的学习策略 ★不足之处（Areas for improvement） 1. have difficulty in doing sth / find it hard to do sth 做某事有困难 2. be weak in / have a poor command of 在某方面薄弱 3. lack effective learning methods 缺乏有效的学习方法 4. make a lot of spelling / grammar mistakes 犯许多拼写/语法错误 5. be too nervous to speak English confidently 过于紧张不敢自信地说英语 6. rely heavily on electronic dictionaries 过度依赖电子词典 7. struggle with time management during exams 考试时时间管理困难 8. fail to review what I have learned in time 未能及时复习所学内容 ★改进措施（Future plans） 1. develop a habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯 2. make a detailed study schedule 制定详细的学习计划 3. stick to my plan and keep practicing every day 坚持计划并每天练习 4. turn to the teacher for help when in trouble 遇到困难时向老师求助 5. build up my vocabulary and strengthen my grammar foundation 扩大词汇量、巩固语法基础 6. do extra reading / listening practice 做额外的阅读/听力练习 7. form a study group with my classmates 与同学组成学习小组 8. set aside some time each day to review what I have learned 每天留出时间复习所学内容 9. promise to make a change from now on 承诺从现在开始做出改变 [常用语句] ★精彩开头（引入反思内容） 1. Before learning this unit, I used to think that memory was just about how smart a person was. I never realized that there were so many scientific secrets behind it. 2. Looking back on my English learning over the past few weeks, I feel that I have gained much more than I expected. 3. The reading passage “The Secrets of Your Memory” really opened my eyes. It totally changed my understanding of how memory works. 4. After finishing Unit 9 Learning, I have come to realize that learning itself is a skill that requires constant reflection and improvement. 5. The lecture on reading strategies that I attended last week made me rethink my own approach to English reading. 6. Before I started this unit, I was convinced that some people were just born with a better memory than others. Now I know I was wrong. ★正文佳句（陈述收获与认知变化） 1. From the reading, I learned that almost nobody has a photographic memory. Even the most gifted learners need to make efforts to remember things. 2. It was surprising to find that our memory is at its peak around the age of 25. Before reading this, I had always assumed that memory would gradually decline from childhood onwards. 3. One of the most valuable things I have learned from this unit is that active learning is far more effective than passive listening. 4. The article pointed out that we tend to remember things from our childhood more clearly because those experiences were often connected to strong emotions. 5. I now understand that memory is not fixed or unchanging. With the right strategies and enough practice, it can be greatly improved. 6. What impressed me most was the realization that reviewing what we have learned in a timely manner is the key to long-term memory. 7. This unit has not only provided me with scientific knowledge about learning but also offered me practical strategies that I can apply in my daily study. 8. Before taking this course, I often wasted a lot of time on inefficient learning methods. Now I have learned to plan my study time more wisely. ★正文佳句（反思问题与不足） 1. However, I have also realized that my vocabulary is still far from sufficient. I often encounter unfamiliar words while reading, which greatly slows me down. 2. One problem I need to work on is that I tend to rely too much on my electronic dictionary instead of trying to guess the meaning of new words from the context. 3. Although I have learned some useful memory strategies, I still find it difficult to put them into practice consistently in my daily life. 4. Another weakness I have discovered is that I seldom review what I have learned after class, which leads to poor long-term retention. 5. When it comes to listening practice, I often get anxious if I miss a single word. This anxiety sometimes causes me to lose focus for the rest of the passage. 6. I must admit that I am not good at expressing myself flexibly in English. My writing relies too heavily on a few sentence patterns that I have memorized. ★余味结尾（规划改进与表达决心） 1. From now on, I promise to set aside at least 20 minutes every day to review what I have learned and organize my notes. 2. I plan to read more English articles and try to guess the meanings of unfamiliar words from the context instead of reaching for the dictionary immediately. 3. To improve my listening skills, I will listen to English podcasts on my way to school every morning and focus on grasping the main idea rather than every single word. 4. I will keep a learning journal to record my progress and reflect on my weaknesses on a regular basis. 5. Although there is still a long way to go, I am determined to become a more active and efficient learner. 6. I believe that if I stick to these strategies, I will gradually overcome my weaknesses and become a better English learner. 7. Learning is a lifelong journey, and reflection is the compass that keeps us on the right track. I will continue to reflect on my learning and keep improving myself. [参考范文] 写作任务 假定你是李华，你的英语老师要求你就最近学完的Unit 9 Learning写一篇学习反思。内容要点包括： 1. 学完本单元后，你对“学习”或“记忆”的认识发生了哪些变化； 2. 你在英语学习中还存在的不足； 3. 今后的改进计划和努力方向。 参考范文 My Reflection on Unit 9 Learning Before learning this unit, I thought memory was simply a gift that some people were born with. However, after finishing Unit 9, I have completely changed my view. From the passage “The Secrets of Your Memory”, I learned that almost nobody has a photographic memory — everyone needs to make efforts to remember things. I also found it surprising that our memory is at its best around the age of 25. Nevertheless, I have also realized my own weaknesses. I tend to rely too heavily on my electronic dictionary instead of guessing word meanings from the context. Moreover, I seldom review what I have learned in a timely manner, which leads to poor long-term retention. To overcome these problems, I plan to spend at least 20 minutes every day reviewing my notes. I will also try to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context before turning to the dictionary. I believe that with these changes, I will become a more efficient learner. 学科网（北京）股份有限公59 / 60 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $