期末复习之阅读理解20篇（期末热点话题）-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 聚焦期末热点话题，按应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四大题型分类训练，各5篇，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|5篇（旅行指南、比赛规则等）|以实用信息为主，含表格数据|考查细节定位与信息筛选，培养快速获取关键信息能力| |记叙文|5篇（人物故事）|情节驱动，含情感与价值观|通过事件发展分析人物性格，提升推理与主旨概括能力| |说明文|5篇（科技、社会现象等）|逻辑清晰，含说明方法|理解说明对象与结构，强化分析与归纳思维| |议论文|5篇（观点探讨）|论点明确，含论证过程|辨析论点论据，培养批判性思维与评价能力|

期末复习之阅读理解20篇 （期末热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共20篇专项训练：主要分为以下四种题型 1. 应用文 2. 记叙文 3. 说明文 4. 议论文 每个话题对应5篇专项练习 应用文 Passage 1 Lenin Peak Base Camp Trek (徒步): Independent Guide Lenin Peak Base Camp trek is one of the most dramatic treks you can do independently in Central Asia. While most people arrive on organised expeditions, getting there by public transport with nothing but a backpack is entirely possible and far cheaper than it looks on paper. Why the Pamirs? The Pamir mountain range stretches across the far south of Kyrgyzstan, forming a natural border with Tajikistan. The landscape reflects that sense of being at the edge of things: enormous,plain, and free from anything unnecessary. Where the Tien Shan can feel green in summer, thePamirs are rawer and more exposed, with wide rocky valleys and permanent snowfields. There are no rows of guesthouses and no steady stream of trekkers on the path ahead of you. What you get instead is a genuine sense of remoteness that is increasingly hard to find anywhere in Central Asia. Practical Information ● Permits Technically, the area around Lenin Peak falls within a border zone due to its being close toTajikistan, and a permit is required to trek here. ● Altitude (海拔) Tulpar-Kul sits at around 3500 metres and Traveller’s Pass is above 4000 metres. Take it slowly on your first day and pay attention to how you’re feeling. Headaches and exhaustion are common at this altitude and usually manageable, but they’re a signal to slow down rather than push on. ● Don’t forget Travel Insurance Trekking to Lenin Peak Base Camp takes you above 3,500 meters, an altitude where many standard travel insurance plans stop providing coverage. I personally use and recommend SafetyWing for trekking in Kyrgyzstan. Their Nomad Insurance specifically covers “hiking up to 4,500 meters” in their standard policy. ● How Much Does It Cost to Trek to Lenin Peak Base Camp? Expense Approximate Cost Shared taxi Bishkek → Osh (per seat) 1,000-1,500 KGS Marshrutka Osh → Sary-Mogul 400-600 KGS 4×4 Sary-Mogul → Tulpar-Kul (per car,4 passengers per car) 2,000-4,000 KGS Guesthouse in Sary-Mogul (per night) 500-800 KGS Yurt camp at Tulpar-Kul (per night, dinner + breakfast) 1,700 KGS+ Permit (border zone) Variable 1．Who are the targeted readers of the text? A．Single travellers. B．Group tour participants. C．Travel agency workers. D．Professional mountaineers. 2．What can be concluded from the practical tips? A．Common altitude discomforts call for a stop. B．Regular insurance may fail to cover this trek. C．Visitors can trek in the border zone without a permit. D．Traveller’s Pass is measured at precisely 4,000 metres. 3．What is the minimum budget for one traveller using public transport except permits? A．About 3,000 KGS. B．About 4,100 KGS. C．About 5,100 KGS. D．About 6,000 KGS. Passage 2 Category Details Organizers Crafts Council, House & Garden, Sotheby’s Qualification Aged over 18; Currently living in the UK (if not, also acceptable); Open to both new and experienced craft makers; Must have participated in a gallery show or art fair in the past two years Work Requirements Handmade in the UK, created on or after January 1, 2024; Never won any prize before; Fully owned by the artist until July 2026; Must be delivered to London for the exhibition Size & Materials No size limit, with various materials; Including unexpected explorations of clay and textile(织物), as well as ambitious creations in wood and fine metalwork Important Dates March 28, 2026 (10pm GMT): Deadline for applications of hand-in crafts April 4, 2026: Shortlisted (入围) artists will be notified May 11, 2026: Exhibition opens + Winner announced May 17, 2026 (5pm GMT): Exhibition closes Competition Process & Awards 10 works will be shortlisted for the competition, and each shortlisted work will receive special media coverage. The exhibition will be held at Sotheby’s New Bond Street from May 11 to 17, 2026, and the winner will be announced at a VIP event on May 11. The winner will be awarded a cash prize, long-term media coverage, as well as professional guidance and support from House & Garden to make them more famous. Purpose & Application Purpose: To help UK craft makers connect with collectors and design leaders, and raise the value of modern craft. Application Method: Fill in the official application form; incomplete applications will be rejected. 1．Who meets the requests of entering the competition? A．An old experienced craft maker. B．A young craftsman living in the UK. C．An adult craftsman at 2025 art fair. D．A teenager having a talent for crafts. 2．When is the last day for participants to apply? A．March 28. B．April 4. C．May 11. D．May 17. 3．What is required for a complete application? A．A recommendation letter from a gallery. B．A detailed explanation of creation ideas. C．The official application form filled fully. D．A video showing the making process. Passage 3 The 2026 Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge (JIC) is open to U. S. students in grades 6, 7, or 8 who compete at a Society-affiliated science fair in the United States, recognizing outstanding student research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Students may participate either as individuals or as part of a team. Team project rules ● Up to 3 members. ● Each member must submit a separate application and clearly describe their individual contribution. ● Members are judged individually — it is possible that only some members advance. Requirements ● All research must be the student’s own work. ● Projects involving human subjects or animals require ethics review. ● All application materials must be in English. Awards ● Top 300 Students: $125, an award ribbon, and a one-year subscription to Science News Explores magazine. ● Top 30 Finalists: $500, an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D．C． ● STEM Awards: awarded in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics categories. First place receives $3,500 and second place receives $2,500 to support a summer camp. Both first and second place winners also receive an iPad. Click here to know more about other awards. Competition Timeline & Process Stage Time Period Action Regional Qualification November 1,2025 – June 1, 2026 Participate in a JIC-affiliated regional science fair and place in the top 10% to earn nomination and national competition qualification Submit Application February 1,2026 – June 10,2026 Submit online application with project abstract, full research report, and supporting materials Top 300 Announced September 2,2026 Semifinalists announced Top 30 Announced September 16,2026 Finalists announced National Finals October 2026 In-person judging and awards ceremony 1．Which of the following is a team project rule? A．Hand in a joint application. B．Work with at least two partners. C．Detail personal contribution. D．Ensure all members advance. 2．What can we learn about the STEM Awards? A．Only first place winners get an iPad. B．First prize in each category is $3,500. C．Awards are mainly for Science and Engineering. D．Second prize winners can’t attend the summer camp. 3．Which is the correct order of the competition process? ① National Finals         ② Application submission ③ National Qualification         ④ Semifinalist announcement A．③→②→④→①B．②→③→①→④ C．④→①→③→② D．③→④→②→① Passage 4 The online world is like a jungle — full of interesting things to discover, people to meet, and places to explore. However, it’s important to remember that there are hidden dangers that many young people may not notice right away. To better understand these risks, an institute has analyzed 5.6 billion online activities over the past decade, revealing shocking facts about teens’ unsafe online interactions. Here is the result. How To Set Up Privacy Settings Check privacy settings on every app and site you use. Most platforms hide them in the account menu, but these settings help you control who can find you and see your posts. To make things easier, here’s a simple checklist you can use on most social media platforms. Setting What to do Profile visibility Set to friends only Search visibility Turn off public search Photo tagging Approve tags (标记) before they show up Contact sync (同步) Don’t let the app auto-add friends Ad tracking Turn off personalized ads Think Before You Post Once it’s online, it could be there forever — even if you delete it. Screenshots exist, and people can save what you share. So, don’t post personal information for everyone to see, such as your full name, school, home address, phone number, or your current location. Before you post, it is recommended that you ask yourself: ● Would I care if my parents see this? ● Could this mess up my reputation later? ● Am I giving away too much? ● Could someone use this info to find me or hurt me? 1．What online behavior among teens saw the highest growth rate from 2014 to 201? A．Using personal photos as avatars. B．Sharing private information online. C．Responding to messages from strangers. D．Meeting online-only contacts in person. 2．Which setting allows only your friends to see your posted photos? A．Contact sync. B．Search visibility. C．Photo tagging. D．Profile visibility. 3．What advice does the author give teenagers about online behavior? A．Accepting parental monitoring. B．Keeping personal information safe. C．Building a good online reputation. D．Deleting posted information regularly. Passage 5 What is New York Carnival? The New York Carnival, also known as the West Indian Day Parade, is a yearly celebration of Caribbean culture in Brooklyn, New York City. It takes place on Labor Day and draws over a million spectators and participants, making it one of the largest parades in the United States. The carnival serves as a unifying force, bringing together people from diverse backgrounds to celebrate the shared values of freedom, unity, and cultural expression. What to Expect at New York Carnival? At New York Carnival you can expect a lively atmosphere filled with colorful costumes, vibrant music, and energetic dance performances. Attendees can enjoy traditional Caribbean food from numerous vendors and participate in cultural festivities. Some highlights of the New York Carnival include: The Parade (Labor Day Parade) The centerpiece of the carnival is the vibrant parade along Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn. Participants can enjoy colorful costumes, steel drum music, live performances, and an energetic celebration of Caribbean culture. J’ouvert This early-morning street celebration (starting before dawn) is rooted in Caribbean traditions. Participants cover themselves in paint, powder, or mud and dance to steel drum and soca music, marking the unofficial start of the carnival. Live Performances and Concerts Throughout the carnival weekend, there are multiple stages and venues hosting live performances by Caribbean pop artists. These concerts often feature prominent international stars from the Caribbean music scene. How to Get to New York for Carnival? LaGuardia Airport (LGA) — about 30 minutes from Manhattan. Flights from Chicago, Atlanta, Miami, Boston, and Toronto. Intercity trains — from Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D．C．, and Montreal. Long-distance buses — from Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D．C．, and Baltimore. Where Should You Stay During New York Carnival? A convenient area to base yourself is Brooklyn, so you’re close to the action. Staying in Manhattan (Midtown, Times Square, etc.) is also great if you prefer city views and nightlife, but account for extra commute time. 1．What is the main purpose of the New York Carnival? A．To show the largest parade in the United States. B．To unite diverse people through common values. C．To sell traditional Caribbean food and costumes. D．To attract large numbers of tourists to Brooklyn. 2．What can you experience at New York Carnival? A．Wearing colorful costumes as a visitor. B．Tasting free traditional Caribbean food. C．Enjoying steel drum music at the Parade. D．Attending live concerts of classical music. 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．You can take a train from Baltimore to New York. B．LaGuardia Airport is one hour away from Manhattan. C．Boston is connected to New York by both train and bus. D．Staying in Manhattan saves you travel time to the parade. 记叙文 Passage 1 When 16-year-old Boyan Slat went diving in Greece, he expected to see colorful fish and coral. Instead, he was shocked to find himself swimming through a sea of plastic bags and bottles. This disturbing experience opened his eyes to the reality of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a massive collection of trash floating in the Pacific Ocean. At the time, most experts believed cleaning up this mess was impossible. They argued that because the plastic is spread over such a vast area, using ships with nets would take thousands of years and cost billions of dollars, which seemed like a waste of resources. However, Slat refused to accept this pessimistic attitude. While waiting for a flight, he suddenly realized a key principle: why chase the trash when the ocean currents can bring it to you?He proposed a passive system using giant floating barriers that act like artificial coastlines. These barriers move with the waves, allowing the faster-moving plastic to be caught and concentrated in one area, while the marine life can safely swim underneath. Slat was so committed to this vision that he dropped out of college to focus entirely on his project. He founded“The Ocean Cleanup”, a non-profit organization committed to ridding the world’s oceans of plastic. The journey was far from smooth; his team faced severe criticism and technical failures during the early stages. However, instead of giving up, they analyzed every mistake and improved their design.  Today, their technology is  finally operational and has successfully removed tons of waste. The collected plastic is recycled into durable products like sunglasses, and the profits are used to fund further cleanup missions. Slat’s story serves as an inspiring reminder that age is just a number when it comes to solving global problems, and that with enough determination, we can turn a hopeless situation into a sustainable solution. 1．What was the key challenge in cleaning up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? A．The plastic was too heavy to be lifted by ships. B．Plastic waste’s wide spread made cleaning costly and unachievable. C．The ocean currents were too strong for ships to navigate. D．The plastic was mixed with marine life, making it difficult to separate. 2．How does Slat’s passive system work to collect plastic? A．By using ships with nets to chase and catch the plastic. B．By using ocean currents to concentrate trash. C．By treating plastic with chemicals to make it small. D．By using floating barriers to trap plastic with currents. 3．How did Slat respond to the doubts and technical setbacks in the text? A．He published papers to prove experts wrong. B．He sought government support to solve technical issues. C．He ignored the criticism and stuck to his original plan. D．He adjusted his approach through learning from failures. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Boyan Slat? A．Analytical and modest. B．Innovative and practical. C．Realistic and cautious. D．Persistent and open-minded. Passage 2 When Alex was 14, his life changed forever. A sudden car accident took his father’s life and left his mother seriously injured. Alex had to take care of his mother and his younger sister while attending school. The family’s savings were running out, and for a while, Alex considered dropping out to work full-time. But his mother, though weak, refused to let him give up. “Your father wanted you to finish school,” she whispered from her hospital bed. Those words stayed with Alex. He decided to fight. Every morning, he woke up at 5:00 a.m. to prepare breakfast, then walked his sister to the neighbor’s house before running to school. After school, he worked three hours at a local grocery store. Evenings were for homework, often done by candlelight when electricity was cut off. The hardest part was not the tiredness, but the loneliness. His classmates were hanging out or playing sports, while Alex was rushing between work and home. Sometimes he felt like giving up. One night, he found an old notebook of his father’s, filled with drawings of birds. On the last page, his father had written: “A bird learns to fly not because it is brave, but because it has no choice.” Alex realized that he, too, had no choice but to keep going. Slowly, things improved. His mother recovered enough to walk again. A teacher learned about his situation and helped him apply for a scholarship. Alex’s grades, which had fallen to the bottom of his class, began to rise. By the end of the year, he was among the top ten students. Four years later, he became the first in his family to attend university, studying medicine to help others like his mother. Now a doctor, Alex often tells his patients: “Difficulties are not walls. They are just heavy doors. They will open if you keep pushing.” 1．What made Alex decide not to drop out of school? A．His father’s words in a notebook. B．His mother’s encouragement in hospital. C．The need to take care of his sister. D．The teacher’s offer of a scholarship. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Walls B．Patients. C．Doors. D．Difficulties. 3．Which of the following best describes Alex? A．Talented and proud. B．Kind but weak-willed. C．Lonely and helpless. D．Responsible and determined. 4．What message does the story mainly convey? A．Family love is the most important thing in life. B．Hard work always leads to immediate success. C．One can overcome hardship with persistence and support. D．It is better to rely on others than to struggle alone. Passage 3 A woman in Brazil kept awake during brain surgery moved doctors to tears when she began to sing a song she wrote herself. And the moment is unlike anything we’ve seen before! Doctors diagnosed (诊断) 45-year-old Maria Filomena da Costa with a brain tumor (肿瘤). It needed to be removed, but the location of the mass made things tricky. Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy. As a result, doctors determined Maria would need to be kept awake during the brain surgery! “There was a big risk Maria would lose her speech and it was important that she talked to the team during the surgery,” neurosurgeon Carlos Rocha explained. Brain surgery is scary enough. But needless to say, this particular operation was terrifying. And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening. So, the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved. When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond. The team planned to quiz her on colors, names, etc. “We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli (刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors, read and talk,” Carlos said. But Maria surprised everyone when she started singing a song written by herself as doctors began removing the tumor! Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors. Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine, but it moved the team in a powerful way. “There were a number of professionals involved in this procedure and it was an emotional experience. Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage,” anesthesiologist Paula Fialho said. The 8-hour surgery went well, and within only 4 days, Maria headed home from the hospital. She’s walking, talking, and is well on her way to a full recovery! 1．What can we learn about the brain tumor in paragraph 2? A．It put the doctors at risk. B．It kept the patients awake. C．It was diagnosed 45 years ago. D．It was at a position hard to tackle. 2．Why did the doctors postpone the operation? A．Maria needed enough mental preparation. B．Maria demanded a better surgery plan. C．Maria longed to have more speech practice. D．Maria was too scared to accept it completely. 3．How did the doctors make Maria safe and sound during the operation? A．They asked her to sing a song written by herself. B．They gave her a careful brain test with mapping. C．They helped her react to something by speaking. D．They used anesthesia to make her sleep the whole time. 4．Which of the following best describes Maria? A．Enthusiastic and ambitious. B．Professional and emotional. C．Optimistic and courageous. D．Cooperative and generous. Passage 4 On a recent Friday night, after most of our guests had slipped on their coats, two friends stayed. The candles had burned low; the chairs had inched closer together. Someone shared a new story; someone else laughed hard, trying to collect himself in the chair, but failed. I looked around and wondered: since food wasn’t the point, what held everyone there? I didn’t always understand why hosting mattered so much to me. I grew up as an only child. Every night our family of three sat together over the dinner, talking about our days. The table was small, but the ritual (仪式感) was large. A few times a year, our quiet kitchen expanded into something else entirely. My parents would host a dinner for about 12 in our formal dining room and the energy would shift — various voices, vivid gestures, conversations across the table. Even as a child, I felt drawn to that feeling. Interestingly, my wife, Talia, grew up in a home where hosting felt effortless. More chairs appeared when needed. Extra food somehow materialized. Old friends and new faces were welcomed without ceremony. So, since 18 years ago, even in our tiny apartment back then, Talia and I have begun inviting people over — friends, colleagues, neighbors, sometimes people barely knowing each other. We spend days checking recipes and imagining how the dishes will fit together. All food is surely homemade. These rituals don’t need to be grand but intentional. Hosting is often messy and even chaotic, as it is. What surprises us is how often guests will pause at the door and say, “I didn’t realize how much I needed this.” They are people with tight schedules. What they are missing weren’t activities. It was being with other people without a timetable, a screen, or a reason to leave early. After our friends finally left that recent Friday night, the empty house still felt full. It struck me then that the dining table does more than feed people. In a world that pulls us in every direction, it has become easy to forget how much we need places — and people — that invite us to come together. 1．According to paragraph1, everyone in the house was ________. A．Unreserved. B．Outstanding. C．Improper. D．Over-scheduled. 2．What do we know about the author’s childhood? A．He grew up in an extended family. B．He hated the quiet family atmosphere. C．He often hosted dinners at home. D．He valued their family dinner routines. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The home-cooked food. B．The undistracted company. C．The indoor gatherings. D．The formal and grand party. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The secret of home cooking. B．The art of become a perfect host. C．The power of the dining table. D．The challenges of hosting friends. Passage 5 Hope Johnson is in Columbus, Ohio, overseeing nine adults while they play in the water during a summer outing. Part of her job as a Direct Support Professional (DSP) is to assist people with disabilities with everything from daily tasks to their jobs. She and the group, whose members she sees as family, meet each week to participate in activities through the Without Walls (WOW) program. Since the start of the program in late 2020, she and the program have helped more than 120 adults in the central Ohio area, establishing a sense of connection between participants and their community. Nicole Neri, who is in her 20s, says she feels like she’s a part of something when she attends WOW. For the past two years, she has been helping a participant, Mark, who is legally blind. “I help Mark every day,” she says. “She makes sure he’s safe,” Ms. Johnson says. People are much happier when they have choices and aren’t separated, says Sean Luechtefeld, a vice president with the American Network of Community Options and Resources. He says Ms. Johnson goes above and beyond. “This type of work is incredibly rewarding,” adds Mr. Luechtefeld. “But it can also be incredibly challenging.” Fewer people are becoming DSPs, he says, adding that a decades-old shortage is fueled in part by people feeling undervalued and underpaid. Lisa Wenzke, a Columbus mother, first met Ms. Johnson earlier this year at a Special Olympics track meet (田径运动会), where the WOW leader was cheering for her participants. Ms. Wenzke was impressed by that commitment. “All I could think was, ‘This is someone I want in my life. This is a wonderful person,’ ” she says. They know her family and, to her, they’re a part of it. 1．What is the purpose of WOW? A．To improve the look of communities. B．To solve differences among residents. C．To teach the disabled useful life skills. D．To promote the welfare of the disabled. 2．How has WOW affected Neri? A．She has earned the favor of participants. B．She has gained a sense of belonging. C．She has improved her eyesight. D．She has developed interpersonal skills. 3．What does Luechtefeld think of DSPs’ work? A．It calls for professional training. B．It is more rewarding than challenging. C．It needs greater social recognition. D．It keeps attracting new applicants. 4．What is Wenzke’s attitude towards Johnson? A．Favorable. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical. 说明文 Passage 1 Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just a topic of science fiction. In recent years, it has begun to play an increasingly important role in healthcare, from diagnosing diseases to predicting patient outcomes. One of the most promising applications is in medical imaging. Traditionally, doctors examine X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs by eye, which can be time-consuming and sometimes leads to human error. AI systems, however, can be trained on thousands of medical images to recognize patterns that might be invisible to the human eye. For example, a study published in 2023 showed that an AI model detected breast cancer in mammograms with 94.5% accuracy, compared to 88.2% for human radiologists. Moreover, the AI completed its analysis in just 30 seconds, while a doctor might take several minutes. But AI is not meant to replace doctors. Instead, it serves as a powerful assistant. Dr. Liu Wei, a radiologist at Beijing United Hospital, explains: “AI helps us double-check our findings. It catches things we might miss, especially when we are tired after a long day. This gives us more confidence in our diagnoses.” In fact, many hospitals are now using AI as a second reader, reducing misdiagnosis rates by nearly 20%. However, AI in medicine still faces challenges. One major issue is data privacy — patients’ medical images contain sensitive information. Another is the “black box” problem: sometimes even the engineers who build AI systems cannot explain exactly how the AI reaches a decision. This makes some doctors hesitant to fully trust it. Despite these difficulties, researchers are working on more transparent and secure AI models. As technology improves, AI is likely to become a standard tool in hospitals worldwide, not to replace human care, but to strengthen it. 1．What is the main advantage of AI in medical imaging mentioned in the passage? A．It can replace doctors completely. B．It is cheaper than human examination. C．It works faster and sometimes more accurately. D．It can take X-rays and CT scans automatically. 2．How does Dr. Liu Wei feel about using AI in his work? A．He thinks AI is too complex to be useful. B．He believes AI increases diagnostic confidence. C．He worries that AI will take away his job. D．He considers AI less accurate than human eyes. 3．Which of the following is a challenge for AI in medicine according to the passage? A．AI cannot process medical images. B．AI’s decision-making process is not always clear. C．Patients refuse to be examined by AI. D．AI takes longer than human doctors. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of AI in healthcare? A．Optimistic but cautious. B．Highly doubtful. C．Completely indifferent. D．Strongly opposed. Passage 2 Alaska’s waters support one of the world’s most important salmon (三文鱼) fisheries, sustained by complex marine food webs. Scientists are eager to understand how these systems are changing as the climate shifts. The challenge is that reliable samples from decades ago are hard to find. Natalie Mastick, a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University, took an unconventional approach. Instead of relying on modern samples, she examined old cans of salmon. These cans contained cuts from four species collected over a 42-year period in the Gulf of Alaska and Bristol Bay. Mastick and her team opened 178 cans and analysed the preserved fish, counting tiny parasitic worms (寄生虫) known as anisakids in the fish. Although these worms had been killed during the canning process, they hold valuable scientific information. At first glance, finding worms in fish may seem alarming. But scientists say the opposite can be true. “The anisakid life cycle integrates many components of the food web. I see their existence as a signal that the fish on your plate came from a stable or recovering ecosystem.” said Mastick. The team’s findings showed that anisakid levels increased in certain salmon species between 1979 and 2021. One key factor accounting for this upward trend may be the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which helped populations of seals, sea lions, and other marine mammals recover after years of decline. “Anisakids can only reproduce in a marine mammal, so this could be a sign that, over our study period, anisakid levels were rising because of more opportunities to reproduce,” said Mastick. The stable anisakid levels observed in some kinds of salmon are more difficult to interpret. There are many different anisakid species, each relying on its own combination of hosts. While the canning process preserved the outer structure of the worms, it destroyed the internal features scientists would need to identify specific species. Researchers believe this method could be applied to other preserved seafood, offering a new way to explore historical ecosystems. They also hope their work encourages scientists to think creatively about overlooked data sources. 1．Why did Mastick use canned salmon for her research? A．To creatively access historical data. B．To find a cheaper way to study fish. C．To test the safety of preserved food. D．To prove the quality of Alaska’s fisheries. 2．What does the presence of anisakids in salmon indicate according to Mastick? A．The water temperature is dropping. B．The salmon population is decreasing. C．The marine ecosystem is likely healthy. D．The fish is unsafe for human consumption. 3．What is the limitation of using canned salmon in this study? A．The canning process is conventional. B．The anisakids were too large to count. C．The cans were not preserved well enough. D．The specific species couldn’t be classified. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Anisakids: Indicators of Ocean Species B．Ecological impact on Marine Food Webs C．The Secrets Hidden in Decades-Old Cans D．Alaska’s Salmon:A Proof of Climate Change Passage 3 You may remember those stories from a few years back about how there were more men called John running big companies than there were women. In our company, we had our own version: there were more Sarahs than there were men. So why do some names become so popular at certain moments in time? According to a historical database of English birth records, more than 8 percent of baby boys were named John in the mid-19th century, similar to the proportion (占比) of baby girls named Mary. It was a less dominant, but still very common baby name by the 1940s and 1950s, which explains all those ageing leaders called John in the 2010s. But since then, John’s popularity has plummeted. The top three boys’ names in England and Wales are now Muhammad, Noah and Oliver. But not all popular 19th-century names have gone the way of John. Some have staged a comeback — Sarah is a perfect example. Sarah was a common name in mid-19th-century England, but its fall came sharper and faster than John, and by the first half of the 20th century it was a fairly unusual name to give a baby. Yet, in the 1970s and 1980s, it staged a remarkable comeback, shooting up the rankings to become one of the most popular girls’ names. That explains why there are so many Sarahs in our company, 40 years later. Experts say that for a “second act”, these old names need to have been unpopular for a couple of generations, so that they attract parents of new babies who are looking for tradition but don’t want names they associate with their parents ‘or grandparents’ era. Sarah, therefore, may well experience a 100-year hiatus (停滞) as a result of its own “second wind” success. Even if names like Sarah stage another comeback one day, they’re unlikely to ever achieve the levels of popularity they once commanded. The data shows that the drive towards individualism has increased in recent decades and the timely publication of baby name data is beginning to shape the trends too. It might enable parents to realise more quickly when a name has become very popular and to choose one further down the list instead. 1．What made so many men called John run big companies a few years ago? A．Growing ageing populations. B．High proportion of the name. C．Discrimination against women. D．Johns’ superb managerial skills. 2．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Peaked. B．Dropped. C．Returned. D．Stabilized. 3．What can we learn about the name Sarah? A．It regained popularity. B．It reflects individualism. C．It mirrored generation gap. D．It holds lasting attraction. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Origin of Personal Names. B．How to Choose a Special Name. C．The Rise and Fall of Popular Names. D．How Culture Shapes Common Names. Passage 4 When diving into a foreign language, many students find themselves marveling at the fact that objects, universal to all human beings, are often named with sounds that vary wildly across languages. Take the familiar animal known as a “dog” in English — it’s “gou” in Chinese and “inu” in Japanese. This striking difference is more than a cultural curiosity; it embodies a core concept in linguistics called arbitrariness (任意性). The term was famously introduced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who argued that there is typically no natural connection between a word and the object or idea it represents. Had ancient English speakers chosen a completely different sound for “tree” or “water”, communication would still have functioned normally. This reveals an extraordinary truth: what grants language with power is not the nature itself but rather the shared understanding within a community. Once a group agrees on specific signs or sounds, those symbols take on meaning. One way this arbitrariness justifies itself is through the natural evolution of languages. Since words are rooted in convention rather than unchanging rules, their pronunciation, meaning, and even usage morph over time. Think about Modern English compared to Old English — they’re so far apart that many early texts feel alien to the average reader today. But let’s not get carried away thinking arbitrariness is a constant. Some words, especially onomatopoeic words (拟声词), carry an element of directness that sets them apart from the rest. Consider the sound of bees: English speakers call it “buzz,” while Chinese speakers say “wengweng.” Both words attempt to capture the same noise, though each is colored by cultural perception. More amazingly, recent researchers state that certain speech sounds may arouse similar emotional reactions across languages, suggesting probable universality beneath the linguistic diversity. For language learners, this concept can be a game-changer. The secret to mastering a language lies not in finding logical explanations for every word, but in immersing yourself in meaningful communication, repeated exposure, and practice. It’s through these experiences that the seemingly arbitrary transforms into something deeply familiar, even second nature. 1．What does the example of “tree” and “water” illustrate in paragraph 2? A．Natural connection between sounds and objects. B．Ancient processes of creating words for objects. C．Social agreement’s role in assigning meanings. D．Universal linguistic rules for sound creation. 2．What does the underlined word “morph” mean in paragraph 3? A．Stay constant. B．Change and develop. C．Fade away. D．Become harder to understand. 3．What can we infer from recent research findings in paragraph 4? A．Onomatopoeic words serve as further proof of arbitrariness. B．Linguistic diversity removes universal features across languages. C．Cultural difference determines the representation of natural sounds. D．Cross-language emotional associations can be achieved despite differences. 4．Which of the following opinions might the author agree with? A．Language reflects human creativity and collective imagination. B．Language systems depend on cultural dominance and superiority. C．Arbitrariness creates obstacles that prevent cross-cultural communication. D．Logical explanations for new words help learners understand their origin. Passage 5 In 1915, a worried mother wrote to the United States Children’s Bureau to ask why her son was rejecting various foods. Could it be that he did not like them? The expert dismissed that idea and advised a visit to the doctor, believing his problem must be stomach trouble. After all, voluntary food rejection was almost unheard of in America at the time. Children ate what their parents put in front of them. Today American children have become the pickiest eaters in history. In a new book, Helen Zoe Veit, an associate professor at Michigan State University, strongly criticizes changes in adults’ behaviour and thinking over the past century that allowed picky eating to hijack (劫持) children’s diet. Before the 20th century, there was no such thing as “children’s food”. Youngsters had wild appetites. Like adults, they stuck to regular meals and naturally worked up a good appetite. However, the rise of snacking has changed this, becoming one major reason behind children’s picky eating at mealtimes. Two other things changed in the past century. One was attitudes concerning children’s independence to make their own food choices and new views on the downside of forcing children to eat certain things. A mid-20th-century study found kids could make healthy food choices on their own. Widely introduced in parenting books, the research persuaded parents to give children more freedom in food selection. The other thing was the rise of supermarkets and processed foods. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered far more goods than before. Advertisers began targeting children directly for the first time. In the old days, children ate what their mothers bought; now the kids tell their mothers what to buy. Ms Veit blames adults for treating food differently from toothbrushing. Children may say they do not want to brush, but adults overrule them because they know toothbrushing is beneficial to them. Why not so with spinach (菠菜) or fish? Her book, Picky, includes suggestions for fighting picky eating at home, such as feeding the whole family the same meal and continuing to introduce a food repeatedly even after a child has rejected it. 1．What can we infer about past kids from paragraph 1? A．They were seldom picky. B．They were more dependent. C．They had little to eat. D．They usually had stomachs. 2．How did the mid-20th-century study influence people? A．It reduced kids’ interest in snacks. B．It gave kids more say in food choices. C．It changed people’s view on nutrition. D．It misled parenting books into false ideas. 3．What does Ms Veit blame parents for? A．Setting strict rules on daily life. B．Failing to value healthy meals. C．Allowing kids to skip toothbrushing. D．Giving in easily to kids’ food likes. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Mother’s Advice on Kids’ Eating B．The Changing Taste of American Food C．Why American Kids Become Picky Eaters D．A New Book on Healthy Family Meals 议论文 Passage 1 Artificial intelligence is now entering the field of creative arts. AI can compose music in the style of Bach, write poems, and generate paintings. This raises a profound (深刻的) question: Can AI truly be creative, or is it merely imitating (模仿) human creativity? The core of the debate lies in how we define creativity. If creativity is the ability to produce something new and valuable, then AI qualifies. The music it creates is “new” and many find it enjoyable. However, if creativity involves consciousness, intention, and emotional experience — the human “spark” — then AI falls short. An AI doesn’t feel joy or sorrow; it analyzes vast datasets of existing art to identify patterns and then generates new combinations. Proponents of AI art argue that it opens new possibilities. It can serve as a powerful tool for human artists, helping them explore ideas they might not have considered. For example, a designer might use AI to generate hundreds of logo concepts in minutes, providing a starting point for refinement (改进). In this view, AI is less a competitor and more a collaborator or a new kind of artistic medium. However, skeptics worry about the devaluation (贬值) of human effort. If a machine can produce a pleasing painting in seconds, what is the value of the thousands of hours a human painter spends mastering their craft? They fear a flood of AI-generated content might make it harder for truly original human artists to be seen and appreciated. Perhaps the most balanced perspective (视角) is to see AI as a mirror. The art it produces reflects the data it was trained on — which is human art. Therefore, the ultimate value and meaning of AI-generated work still depends on human judgment and the context humans provide. The artist’s role may evolve from being the sole creator to being a curator (策划者) and interpreter who guides the AI and gives the output significance. 1．What is the central question debated in the text? A．Is AI-created art truly creative or just imitation? B．How can AI best imitate famous artists like Bach? C．Will AI replace human artists in the near future? D．What tools do human artists need to compete with AI? 2．What does the underlined word “proponents” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Critics. B．Creators. C．Supporters. D．Observers. 3．According to its supporters, what is a major benefit of AI in art? A．It can work independently without human help. B．It serves as a tool to expand human creativity. C．It devalues the effort of human artists. D．It guarantees the production of original masterpieces. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．AI-generated art has no real value of its own. B．Human artists will become obsolete. C．AI is primarily a mirror that copies existing art perfectly. D．Human judgment remains crucial in giving meaning to AI art. Passage 2 When people feel stuck at work, they often assume the problem is a skill gap. They need more experience, better training, or another certification. But in many cases, missed opportunities have less to do with competence and more to do with how your personality patterns are showing up on the job. You can be very good at what you do and still be overlooked for what comes next. Kelly is acknowledged as a dependable, organized, and helpful employee. When a task needs to get done, people trust her to handle it. But when leadership opportunities opened up, Kelly was never selected. When she asked for feedback, she was told that no one questioned her competence, but she wasn’t seen as someone who would lead change or set innovative new directions. Kelly’s personality hadn’t suddenly become an obstacle. It just mismatched what her desired role required. Leadership in her organization demanded visibility, confidence, and innovation. Kelly’s quest for inbox zero took time away from big-picture thinking, and her tendency to wait until she was absolutely sure before speaking — once an asset — now worked against her. Advancement tends to require a different set of traits: comfort with uncertainty, influence, visibility, and strategic risk-taking. It is possible to shift your traits so they fit your next step. Most people view personality as their underlying essence that explains how they think, feel, and behave. Yet this understanding of personality doesn’t line up with personality science. Instead, personality traits are a description of your patterns, not the cause of them. And people adjust how they think and behave all the time. This can happen when you’re thrown into a new role or environment that pulls for you to show up differently. In other words, personality is not set in stone. And you don’t have to wait for changes in your environment to draw new habits and thinking patterns out of you. You can intentionally try on new behaviors that better align with the roles you desire. 1．What can we learn from Kelly’s previous work strengths? A．They held back her big-picture thinking. B．They were seen as innovative by leaders. C．They brought no benefit to her daily work. D．They were ignored by her company leaders. 2．What does the underlined word “asset” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A financial property. B．A leadership skill. C．A work responsibility. D．A valuable characteristic. 3．Which statement would the author probably agree with? A．Environments determine personality. B．Ability guarantees career promotion. C．Behavioral adaptation is achievable. D．Personality is the driver of behavior. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Competence in Career Development B．Personality in Career Advancement C．The Role of Skills in Career Success D．Leadership Risks in Professional Growth Passage 3 Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care. The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment — at the end of life, for example — is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing (配给制) . Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers. “There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors.” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.” Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs 50 dollars and the other close to 2, 000 dollars. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. And using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use? Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.” 1．What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do? A．Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take. B．Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care. C．Take costs into account when making treatment decisions. D．Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments. 2．What may the new guidelines being developed lead to? A．The redefining of doctors’ roles. B．Overuse of less effective medicines. C．The prolonging of patients’ suffering. D．Conflicts between doctors and patients. 3．What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers? A．They may lose the respect of patients. B．They may have to use less effective drugs. C．They may be forced to divide their attention. D．They may be involved in a conflict of interest. 4．What do some experts say about doctors’ involvement in medical cost analysis? A．It may add to doctors’ already heavy workloads. B．It will help to save money for society as a whole. C．It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem. D．It raises doctors’ awareness of their social responsibilities. Passage 4 Looking at art should be like walking in the countryside. You may not know exactly where you are, what bird is making that strange sound, or what the hill ahead of you is called, but that’s part of the fun of it. You don’t need to know these things to feel the beauty of nature. Of course, if you do know your birds, trees and local history, a walk can be more attractive. Yet such knowledge comes slowly. It is picked up through experience. A true knowledge of nature cannot just be given to you through an app on your phone. Imagine pointing your phone at the hill and getting plenty of information on screen. Would that enrich your dreamy walk or ruin it? Braggarts enjoy an app that allows them to show off their knowledge, for example, about baroque (巴洛克风格的) paintings. In fact, apps in museums try to provide on-screen art history at once just to encourage people to read their phones instead of looking at paintings. It is a mistaken idea that you need to be spoon-fed (灌输) amazing facts about a work of art in order to appreciate it. Our first experience of a work of art should be raw (自然状态的)，unguided, and a bit puzzling, like following a path in the woods. Later, you might choose to do some personal research into the work. It can further increase your enjoyment and appreciation for it. Yet it is best done when you’re away from the art itself, so that even when you return, the work still feels fresh. Anyone who thinks knowing some dates and details makes you better understand a work of art is wrong. We all need to put aside our screens and our supposed knowledge when we look at art. Let the paintings flow in; let your intuitions (直觉) fly off. Art is a journey in the wilderness or it is nothing at all. 1．What does the underlined word “Braggarts” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．People who like showing off. B．People who like baroque paintings. C．Those who are good at appreciating art. D．Those who are good at painting with phones 2．What's the main idea of paragraph 4? A．How to appreciate a work of art. B．How to do personal research into a work of art. C．How to keep your feelings about a work of art fresh. D．How to be spoon-fed amazing facts about a work of art. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Because of apps, art will be ruined in the future. B．A good piece of art is usually made about nature. C．Research work and intuitions can both help understand art. D．Museums are not supposed to allow the use of mobile phones. 4．What does the author mainly want to say? A．Art is best with the help of apps. B．Art is best when hidden in mystery. C．Art is nothing compared with nature. D．Art is nothing when details and facts are known. Passage 5 Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have long dreamed of tools to supercharge science-asking novel questions, designing and running experiments. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science? For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. But the complexity of science makes assessing their aptitude especially challenging. As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?” Dozens of new science-focused benchmarks have emerged over the past year to answer that question, but scientists have yet to settle on a single best approach. One of the most popular, published in Nature, is Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE). It uses 2500 questions drawn from “the frontier of human knowledge” to put LLMs through their paces. One, for example, asks how many types of sensory receptors the human skin contains. “We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI of model won the best score at a mere 8.3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48.4%. But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?” 1．What does the underlined word “aptitude” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Knowledge. B．Competence. C．Speed. D．Interest. 2．What does Long Phan stress about HLE? A．Its topic diversity. B．Experts’ involvement in it. C．The expertise of its dataset. D．Its data-backed popularity. 3．Why does the author mention “a Nature editorial” in the last paragraph? A．To show that HLE is widely accepted by the scientific community. B．To prove that AI companies rely too much on benchmark scores. C．To explain how HLE was developed with the help of experts. D．To present a critical perspective on whether HLE truly measures meaningful research. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Can AI Really Think Like a Scientist? B．Are We Asking the Right Questions About AI? C．Is HLE the Right Tool to Test AI? D．Do High Scores Mean Real Progress? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期末复习之阅读理解20篇 （期末热点话题） 内容导航 内容速递 本资料共20篇专项训练：主要分为以下四种题型 1. 应用文 2. 记叙文 3. 说明文 4. 议论文 每个话题对应5篇专项练习 应用文 Passage 1 Lenin Peak Base Camp Trek (徒步): Independent Guide Lenin Peak Base Camp trek is one of the most dramatic treks you can do independently in Central Asia. While most people arrive on organised expeditions, getting there by public transport with nothing but a backpack is entirely possible and far cheaper than it looks on paper. Why the Pamirs? The Pamir mountain range stretches across the far south of Kyrgyzstan, forming a natural border with Tajikistan. The landscape reflects that sense of being at the edge of things: enormous,plain, and free from anything unnecessary. Where the Tien Shan can feel green in summer, thePamirs are rawer and more exposed, with wide rocky valleys and permanent snowfields. There are no rows of guesthouses and no steady stream of trekkers on the path ahead of you. What you get instead is a genuine sense of remoteness that is increasingly hard to find anywhere in Central Asia. Practical Information ● Permits Technically, the area around Lenin Peak falls within a border zone due to its being close toTajikistan, and a permit is required to trek here. ● Altitude (海拔) Tulpar-Kul sits at around 3500 metres and Traveller’s Pass is above 4000 metres. Take it slowly on your first day and pay attention to how you’re feeling. Headaches and exhaustion are common at this altitude and usually manageable, but they’re a signal to slow down rather than push on. ● Don’t forget Travel Insurance Trekking to Lenin Peak Base Camp takes you above 3,500 meters, an altitude where many standard travel insurance plans stop providing coverage. I personally use and recommend SafetyWing for trekking in Kyrgyzstan. Their Nomad Insurance specifically covers “hiking up to 4,500 meters” in their standard policy. ● How Much Does It Cost to Trek to Lenin Peak Base Camp? Expense Approximate Cost Shared taxi Bishkek → Osh (per seat) 1,000-1,500 KGS Marshrutka Osh → Sary-Mogul 400-600 KGS 4×4 Sary-Mogul → Tulpar-Kul (per car,4 passengers per car) 2,000-4,000 KGS Guesthouse in Sary-Mogul (per night) 500-800 KGS Yurt camp at Tulpar-Kul (per night, dinner + breakfast) 1,700 KGS+ Permit (border zone) Variable 1．Who are the targeted readers of the text? A．Single travellers. B．Group tour participants. C．Travel agency workers. D．Professional mountaineers. 2．What can be concluded from the practical tips? A．Common altitude discomforts call for a stop. B．Regular insurance may fail to cover this trek. C．Visitors can trek in the border zone without a permit. D．Traveller’s Pass is measured at precisely 4,000 metres. 3．What is the minimum budget for one traveller using public transport except permits? A．About 3,000 KGS. B．About 4,100 KGS. C．About 5,100 KGS. D．About 6,000 KGS. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】文章介绍吉尔吉斯斯坦列宁峰大本营独立徒步的实用攻略。 1．推理判断题。 根据第一段中“Lenin Peak Base Camp trek is one of the most dramatic treks you can do independently in Central Asia. While most people arrive on organised expeditions, getting there by public transport with nothing but a backpack is entirely possible and far cheaper than it looks on paper.(列宁峰大本营徒步是中亚最震撼人心的自助徒步路线之一。大多数人会选择跟团探险出行，而仅背着背包、搭乘公共交通前往此地完全可行，花费也远比看上去要便宜。)”可知，本文针对的是选择独立出行而非跟团的旅行者，即独自旅行者。 2．细节理解题。 根据Don’t forget Travel Insurance部分中“Trekking to Lenin Peak Base Camp takes you above 3,500 meters, an altitude where many standard travel insurance plans stop providing coverage. (徒步前往列宁峰大本营海拔超过3500米，很多普通旅行保险不再对此海拔提供承保。)”可知，普通保险可能无法覆盖此次徒步。 3．细节理解题。 根据How Much Does It Cost部分，取各项最低费用：比什凯克→奥什拼车1000；奥什→萨里莫古尔小巴400；四驱车一车4人，人均最低2000÷4=500；民宿500；蒙古包营地1700。合计：1000+400+500+500+1700=4100 KGS。 Passage 2 Category Details Organizers Crafts Council, House & Garden, Sotheby’s Qualification Aged over 18; Currently living in the UK (if not, also acceptable); Open to both new and experienced craft makers; Must have participated in a gallery show or art fair in the past two years Work Requirements Handmade in the UK, created on or after January 1, 2024; Never won any prize before; Fully owned by the artist until July 2026; Must be delivered to London for the exhibition Size & Materials No size limit, with various materials; Including unexpected explorations of clay and textile(织物), as well as ambitious creations in wood and fine metalwork Important Dates March 28, 2026 (10pm GMT): Deadline for applications of hand-in crafts April 4, 2026: Shortlisted (入围) artists will be notified May 11, 2026: Exhibition opens + Winner announced May 17, 2026 (5pm GMT): Exhibition closes Competition Process & Awards 10 works will be shortlisted for the competition, and each shortlisted work will receive special media coverage. The exhibition will be held at Sotheby’s New Bond Street from May 11 to 17, 2026, and the winner will be announced at a VIP event on May 11. The winner will be awarded a cash prize, long-term media coverage, as well as professional guidance and support from House & Garden to make them more famous. Purpose & Application Purpose: To help UK craft makers connect with collectors and design leaders, and raise the value of modern craft. Application Method: Fill in the official application form; incomplete applications will be rejected. 1．Who meets the requests of entering the competition? A．An old experienced craft maker. B．A young craftsman living in the UK. C．An adult craftsman at 2025 art fair. D．A teenager having a talent for crafts. 2．When is the last day for participants to apply? A．March 28. B．April 4. C．May 11. D．May 17. 3．What is required for a complete application? A．A recommendation letter from a gallery. B．A detailed explanation of creation ideas. C．The official application form filled fully. D．A video showing the making process. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个英国手工艺品比赛的参赛资格、作品要求、重要日期、比赛流程及奖项设置等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据表格中Qualification部分“Aged over 18; Currently living in the UK (if not, also acceptable); Open to both new and experienced craft makers; Must have participated in a gallery show or art fair in the past two years (年龄18岁以上；目前居住在英国(如果不是，也可接受)；面向新手和有经验的手工艺者；必须在过去两年内参加过画廊展览或艺术展)”可知，在2025年参加过艺术展的成年手工艺者符合参赛资格。 2．细节理解题。根据Important Dates部分中“March 28, 226 (10pm GMT): Deadline for applications of hand-in crafts (226年3月28日格林尼治标准时间晚上10点：手工艺品申请截止日期)”可知，参赛者的最后申请日期是3月28日。 3．细节理解题。根据Purpose & Application部分中“Application Method: Fill in the official application form; incomplete applications will be rejected. (申请方式：填写官方申请表；不完整的申请将被拒绝)”可知，完整的申请需要填写好官方申请表。 Passage 3 The 2026 Thermo Fisher Scientific Junior Innovators Challenge (JIC) is open to U. S. students in grades 6, 7, or 8 who compete at a Society-affiliated science fair in the United States, recognizing outstanding student research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Students may participate either as individuals or as part of a team. Team project rules ● Up to 3 members. ● Each member must submit a separate application and clearly describe their individual contribution. ● Members are judged individually — it is possible that only some members advance. Requirements ● All research must be the student’s own work. ● Projects involving human subjects or animals require ethics review. ● All application materials must be in English. Awards ● Top 300 Students: $125, an award ribbon, and a one-year subscription to Science News Explores magazine. ● Top 30 Finalists: $500, an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D．C． ● STEM Awards: awarded in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics categories. First place receives $3,500 and second place receives $2,500 to support a summer camp. Both first and second place winners also receive an iPad. Click here to know more about other awards. Competition Timeline & Process Stage Time Period Action Regional Qualification November 1,2025 – June 1, 2026 Participate in a JIC-affiliated regional science fair and place in the top 10% to earn nomination and national competition qualification Submit Application February 1,2026 – June 10,2026 Submit online application with project abstract, full research report, and supporting materials Top 300 Announced September 2,2026 Semifinalists announced Top 30 Announced September 16,2026 Finalists announced National Finals October 2026 In-person judging and awards ceremony 1．Which of the following is a team project rule? A．Hand in a joint application. B．Work with at least two partners. C．Detail personal contribution. D．Ensure all members advance. 2．What can we learn about the STEM Awards? A．Only first place winners get an iPad. B．First prize in each category is $3,500. C．Awards are mainly for Science and Engineering. D．Second prize winners can’t attend the summer camp. 3．Which is the correct order of the competition process? ① National Finals         ② Application submission ③ National Qualification         ④ Semifinalist announcement A．③→②→④→①B．②→③→①→④ C．④→①→③→② D．③→④→②→① 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了2026年赛默飞世尔科技青少年创新挑战赛的规则、奖项及流程。 1．细节理解题。根据Team project rules部分“Each member must submit a separate application and clearly describe their individual contribution. (每个成员必须提交单独的申请，并清楚地描述他们的个人贡献。)”可知，团队项目规则要求详细说明个人贡献。 2．细节理解题。根据Awards部分“STEM Awards: awarded in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics categories. First place receives 3,500 (STEM奖：科学、技术、工程和数学类奖项。第一名获得3500美元)”可知，STEM奖中每个类别的第一名奖金是3500美元。 3．细节理解题。根据Competition Timeline & Process部分的表格中“Regional Qualification November 1,2025 – June 1,2026 (地区资格赛 2025年11月1日-2026年6月1日)”；“Submit Application February 1, 2026 – June 10, 2026 (提交申请 2026年2月1日-2026年6月10日)”；“Top 300 Announced  September 2, 2026 (前300名公布：2026年9月2日)”以及“National Finals  October 2026 (全国总决赛 2026年10月)”可知，正确的顺序是地区资格赛→提交申请→半决赛选手公布→全国总决赛，即③→②→④→①。 Passage 4 The online world is like a jungle — full of interesting things to discover, people to meet, and places to explore. However, it’s important to remember that there are hidden dangers that many young people may not notice right away. To better understand these risks, an institute has analyzed 5.6 billion online activities over the past decade, revealing shocking facts about teens’ unsafe online interactions. Here is the result. How To Set Up Privacy Settings Check privacy settings on every app and site you use. Most platforms hide them in the account menu, but these settings help you control who can find you and see your posts. To make things easier, here’s a simple checklist you can use on most social media platforms. Setting What to do Profile visibility Set to friends only Search visibility Turn off public search Photo tagging Approve tags (标记) before they show up Contact sync (同步) Don’t let the app auto-add friends Ad tracking Turn off personalized ads Think Before You Post Once it’s online, it could be there forever — even if you delete it. Screenshots exist, and people can save what you share. So, don’t post personal information for everyone to see, such as your full name, school, home address, phone number, or your current location. Before you post, it is recommended that you ask yourself: ● Would I care if my parents see this? ● Could this mess up my reputation later? ● Am I giving away too much? ● Could someone use this info to find me or hurt me? 1．What online behavior among teens saw the highest growth rate from 2014 to 201? A．Using personal photos as avatars. B．Sharing private information online. C．Responding to messages from strangers. D．Meeting online-only contacts in person. 2．Which setting allows only your friends to see your posted photos? A．Contact sync. B．Search visibility. C．Photo tagging. D．Profile visibility. 3．What advice does the author give teenagers about online behavior? A．Accepting parental monitoring. B．Keeping personal information safe. C．Building a good online reputation. D．Deleting posted information regularly. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文通过一项机构调查揭示了青少年不安全的网络互动现状，并给出设置隐私权限、谨慎发布内容的具体建议，引导青少年安全上网、防范网络风险。 1．细节理解题。根据文中数据图表信息可知，2014年到201年，Revealing home addresses and private locations(泄露家庭住址和私人行踪)从58%增加到80%，增加了22个百分点；Using real personal photos as social media avatars(使用真实的个人照片作为社交媒体头像)从8%增加到28%，增加了20个百分点；Responding to messages from strangers(回复来自陌生人的消息)从31%增加到60%，增加了29个百分点；Meeting face-to-face with online-only contacts(与仅通过网络联系的对方进行面对面会面)从18%增加到30%，增加12个百分点。故可推断Responding to messages from strangers的增长率最高。 2．细节理解题。根据Setting部分“Profile visibility: Set to friends only(个人资料可见度：仅对朋友可见)”可知，个人资料可见性能仅让好友看到你发布的照片。 3．细节理解题。根据How To Set Up Privacy Settings部分中的“Check privacy settings on every app and site you use. Most platforms hide them in the account menu, but these settings help you control who can find you and see your posts. To make things easier, here’s a simple checklist you can use on most social media platforms.(请检查你使用的所有应用程序和网站的隐私设置。大多数平台将这些设置隐藏在账户菜单中，但这些设置有助于你控制谁能够找到你以及查看你的帖子。为了使操作更简便，这里为你提供了一份适用于大多数社交媒体平台的简单检查清单)”以及Think Before You Post部分中的“So, don’t post personal information for everyone to see, such as your full name, school, home address, phone number, or your current location.(所以，不要将个人资料公之于众，比如你的全名、就读学校、家庭住址、电话号码或者你现在的所在位置等)”可知，作者给青少年关于网络行为的建议是保护个人信息安全。 Passage 5 What is New York Carnival? The New York Carnival, also known as the West Indian Day Parade, is a yearly celebration of Caribbean culture in Brooklyn, New York City. It takes place on Labor Day and draws over a million spectators and participants, making it one of the largest parades in the United States. The carnival serves as a unifying force, bringing together people from diverse backgrounds to celebrate the shared values of freedom, unity, and cultural expression. What to Expect at New York Carnival? At New York Carnival you can expect a lively atmosphere filled with colorful costumes, vibrant music, and energetic dance performances. Attendees can enjoy traditional Caribbean food from numerous vendors and participate in cultural festivities. Some highlights of the New York Carnival include: The Parade (Labor Day Parade) The centerpiece of the carnival is the vibrant parade along Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn. Participants can enjoy colorful costumes, steel drum music, live performances, and an energetic celebration of Caribbean culture. J’ouvert This early-morning street celebration (starting before dawn) is rooted in Caribbean traditions. Participants cover themselves in paint, powder, or mud and dance to steel drum and soca music, marking the unofficial start of the carnival. Live Performances and Concerts Throughout the carnival weekend, there are multiple stages and venues hosting live performances by Caribbean pop artists. These concerts often feature prominent international stars from the Caribbean music scene. How to Get to New York for Carnival? LaGuardia Airport (LGA) — about 30 minutes from Manhattan. Flights from Chicago, Atlanta, Miami, Boston, and Toronto. Intercity trains — from Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D．C．, and Montreal. Long-distance buses — from Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D．C．, and Baltimore. Where Should You Stay During New York Carnival? A convenient area to base yourself is Brooklyn, so you’re close to the action. Staying in Manhattan (Midtown, Times Square, etc.) is also great if you prefer city views and nightlife, but account for extra commute time. 1．What is the main purpose of the New York Carnival? A．To show the largest parade in the United States. B．To unite diverse people through common values. C．To sell traditional Caribbean food and costumes. D．To attract large numbers of tourists to Brooklyn. 2．What can you experience at New York Carnival? A．Wearing colorful costumes as a visitor. B．Tasting free traditional Caribbean food. C．Enjoying steel drum music at the Parade. D．Attending live concerts of classical music. 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．You can take a train from Baltimore to New York. B．LaGuardia Airport is one hour away from Manhattan. C．Boston is connected to New York by both train and bus. D．Staying in Manhattan saves you travel time to the parade. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了纽约狂欢节(又称西印度日游行)的定义、特色活动、参与体验、交通方式及住宿建议，为计划前往参与狂欢节的游客提供了全面实用的出行指南。 1．细节理解题。根据What is New York Carnival?部分“The carnival serves as a unifying force, bringing together people from diverse backgrounds to celebrate the shared values of freedom, unity, and cultural expression. (这场狂欢节起到了凝聚人心的作用，将来自不同背景的人们聚集在一起，共同庆祝自由、团结和文化表达的共同价值观)”可知，纽约狂欢节的主要目的是通过共同的价值观团结不同背景的人们。 2．细节理解题。根据表格The Parade (Labor Day Parade)部分“Participants can enjoy colorful costumes, steel drum music, live performances, and an energetic celebration of Caribbean culture. (参与者可以欣赏色彩缤纷的服饰、钢鼓音乐、现场表演，以及充满活力的加勒比文化庆典)”可知，在游行活动中可以体验钢鼓音乐。 3．细节理解题。根据How to Get to New York for Carnival?部分“Intercity trains — from Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., and Montreal. Long-distance buses — from Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., and Baltimore. (城际列车——从波士顿、费城、华盛顿特区和蒙特利尔出发。 长途客车——从波士顿、费城、华盛顿特区和巴尔的摩出发)”可知，波士顿既可以乘火车也可以乘巴士前往纽约。 记叙文 Passage 1 When 16-year-old Boyan Slat went diving in Greece, he expected to see colorful fish and coral. Instead, he was shocked to find himself swimming through a sea of plastic bags and bottles. This disturbing experience opened his eyes to the reality of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a massive collection of trash floating in the Pacific Ocean. At the time, most experts believed cleaning up this mess was impossible. They argued that because the plastic is spread over such a vast area, using ships with nets would take thousands of years and cost billions of dollars, which seemed like a waste of resources. However, Slat refused to accept this pessimistic attitude. While waiting for a flight, he suddenly realized a key principle: why chase the trash when the ocean currents can bring it to you?He proposed a passive system using giant floating barriers that act like artificial coastlines. These barriers move with the waves, allowing the faster-moving plastic to be caught and concentrated in one area, while the marine life can safely swim underneath. Slat was so committed to this vision that he dropped out of college to focus entirely on his project. He founded“The Ocean Cleanup”, a non-profit organization committed to ridding the world’s oceans of plastic. The journey was far from smooth; his team faced severe criticism and technical failures during the early stages. However, instead of giving up, they analyzed every mistake and improved their design.  Today, their technology is  finally operational and has successfully removed tons of waste. The collected plastic is recycled into durable products like sunglasses, and the profits are used to fund further cleanup missions. Slat’s story serves as an inspiring reminder that age is just a number when it comes to solving global problems, and that with enough determination, we can turn a hopeless situation into a sustainable solution. 1．What was the key challenge in cleaning up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? A．The plastic was too heavy to be lifted by ships. B．Plastic waste’s wide spread made cleaning costly and unachievable. C．The ocean currents were too strong for ships to navigate. D．The plastic was mixed with marine life, making it difficult to separate. 2．How does Slat’s passive system work to collect plastic? A．By using ships with nets to chase and catch the plastic. B．By using ocean currents to concentrate trash. C．By treating plastic with chemicals to make it small. D．By using floating barriers to trap plastic with currents. 3．How did Slat respond to the doubts and technical setbacks in the text? A．He published papers to prove experts wrong. B．He sought government support to solve technical issues. C．He ignored the criticism and stuck to his original plan. D．He adjusted his approach through learning from failures. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Boyan Slat? A．Analytical and modest. B．Innovative and practical. C．Realistic and cautious. D．Persistent and open-minded. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲的是少年Boyan Slat应对海洋塑料污染问题的经历与成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They argued that because the plastic is spread over such a vast area, using ships with nets would take thousands of years and cost billions of dollars, which seemed like a waste of resources.(他们认为，由于塑料覆盖的区域如此之大，使用带有网的船只进行清理需要数千年的时间，并且需要花费数十亿美元，这似乎是对资源的极大浪费。)”可知，清理太平洋垃圾带时面临的主要难题是塑料垃圾分布广泛，使得清理工作成本高昂且难以完成。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These barriers move with the waves, allowing the faster-moving plastic to be caught and concentrated in one area, while the marine life can safely swim underneath.(这些屏障随着海浪移动，使得速度较快的塑料能够被捕捉并集中在一个区域，而海洋生物则可以在其下方安全地游动。)”可知，Slat的被动收集系统通过使用浮动屏障利用洋流来捕获塑料。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, instead of giving up, they analyzed every mistake and improved their design.(但他们没有放弃，而是复盘每一次失误、不断优化设计。)”可知，Slat应对文中提到的质疑和技术挫折的方法是从失败中吸取教训来调整策略。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, Slat refused to accept this pessimistic attitude. While waiting for a flight, he suddenly realized a key principle: why chase the trash when the ocean currents can bring it to you?(然而，Slat拒绝接受这种悲观的态度。在等飞机的时候，他突然意识到一个关键原则：既然洋流能把垃圾带到你身边，为什么还要去追垃圾呢？)”可知，他有极强的创新思维。根据倒数第二段“However, instead of giving up, they analyzed every mistake and improved their design.   Today, their technology is   finally operational and has successfully removed tons of waste. The collected plastic is recycled into durable products like sunglasses, and the profits are used to fund further cleanup missions.(但他们没有放弃，而是复盘每一次失误、不断优化设计。如今，这项技术终于投入实际运行，已成功清理数十吨海洋垃圾。回收的塑料被加工制成太阳镜等耐用产品，所得收益又继续投入到后续的海洋清理任务中。)”可知，他的创新不是理想化的，而是经过实践检验、可落地、可持续的，因此非常“务实”。 Passage 2 When Alex was 14, his life changed forever. A sudden car accident took his father’s life and left his mother seriously injured. Alex had to take care of his mother and his younger sister while attending school. The family’s savings were running out, and for a while, Alex considered dropping out to work full-time. But his mother, though weak, refused to let him give up. “Your father wanted you to finish school,” she whispered from her hospital bed. Those words stayed with Alex. He decided to fight. Every morning, he woke up at 5:00 a.m. to prepare breakfast, then walked his sister to the neighbor’s house before running to school. After school, he worked three hours at a local grocery store. Evenings were for homework, often done by candlelight when electricity was cut off. The hardest part was not the tiredness, but the loneliness. His classmates were hanging out or playing sports, while Alex was rushing between work and home. Sometimes he felt like giving up. One night, he found an old notebook of his father’s, filled with drawings of birds. On the last page, his father had written: “A bird learns to fly not because it is brave, but because it has no choice.” Alex realized that he, too, had no choice but to keep going. Slowly, things improved. His mother recovered enough to walk again. A teacher learned about his situation and helped him apply for a scholarship. Alex’s grades, which had fallen to the bottom of his class, began to rise. By the end of the year, he was among the top ten students. Four years later, he became the first in his family to attend university, studying medicine to help others like his mother. Now a doctor, Alex often tells his patients: “Difficulties are not walls. They are just heavy doors. They will open if you keep pushing.” 1．What made Alex decide not to drop out of school? A．His father’s words in a notebook. B．His mother’s encouragement in hospital. C．The need to take care of his sister. D．The teacher’s offer of a scholarship. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Walls B．Patients. C．Doors. D．Difficulties. 3．Which of the following best describes Alex? A．Talented and proud. B．Kind but weak-willed. C．Lonely and helpless. D．Responsible and determined. 4．What message does the story mainly convey? A．Family love is the most important thing in life. B．Hard work always leads to immediate success. C．One can overcome hardship with persistence and support. D．It is better to rely on others than to struggle alone. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述Alex遭遇家庭变故后，强忍生活重担坚持求学，最终逆袭成才并传递人生感悟的励志故事。 1．细节理解题。 根据第二段“But his mother, though weak, refused to let him give up. ‘Your father wanted you to finish school,’ she whispered from her hospital bed. Those words stayed with Alex. He decided to fight.(但他的母亲虽然虚弱，却拒绝让他放弃。‘你父亲希望你完成学业，’她在病床上低声说道。这句话留在了亚历克心里。他决定奋斗下去。)”可知，是母亲在医院里的鼓励让Alex决定不辍学。 2．词句猜测题。 根据最后一段“Difficulties are not walls. They are just heavy doors. They will open if you keep pushing.(困难不是墙壁。它们只是沉重的门。如果你持续推，它们就会打开。)”可知，这里的“they”指代的是前文中提到的“heavy doors(沉重的门)”。 3．推理判断题。 根据全文内容，Alex在家庭遭遇巨变后，承担起照顾母亲和妹妹的责任（Responsible），并且在极度疲惫和孤独的情况下依然坚持上学和工作，最终考入大学（Determined）。D选项“有责任感且有决心的”最能描述他的性格。 4．推理判断题。 通读全文，故事讲述了Alex在母亲的支持和自己坚持不懈的努力下，克服了经济困难、学业下滑等重重阻碍，最终实现了梦想。C选项“一个人只要有毅力和支持，就能战胜困难”最符合文章传达的主旨。 Passage 3 A woman in Brazil kept awake during brain surgery moved doctors to tears when she began to sing a song she wrote herself. And the moment is unlike anything we’ve seen before! Doctors diagnosed (诊断) 45-year-old Maria Filomena da Costa with a brain tumor (肿瘤). It needed to be removed, but the location of the mass made things tricky. Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy. As a result, doctors determined Maria would need to be kept awake during the brain surgery! “There was a big risk Maria would lose her speech and it was important that she talked to the team during the surgery,” neurosurgeon Carlos Rocha explained. Brain surgery is scary enough. But needless to say, this particular operation was terrifying. And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening. So, the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved. When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond. The team planned to quiz her on colors, names, etc. “We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli (刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors, read and talk,” Carlos said. But Maria surprised everyone when she started singing a song written by herself as doctors began removing the tumor! Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors. Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine, but it moved the team in a powerful way. “There were a number of professionals involved in this procedure and it was an emotional experience. Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage,” anesthesiologist Paula Fialho said. The 8-hour surgery went well, and within only 4 days, Maria headed home from the hospital. She’s walking, talking, and is well on her way to a full recovery! 1．What can we learn about the brain tumor in paragraph 2? A．It put the doctors at risk. B．It kept the patients awake. C．It was diagnosed 45 years ago. D．It was at a position hard to tackle. 2．Why did the doctors postpone the operation? A．Maria needed enough mental preparation. B．Maria demanded a better surgery plan. C．Maria longed to have more speech practice. D．Maria was too scared to accept it completely. 3．How did the doctors make Maria safe and sound during the operation? A．They asked her to sing a song written by herself. B．They gave her a careful brain test with mapping. C．They helped her react to something by speaking. D．They used anesthesia to make her sleep the whole time. 4．Which of the following best describes Maria? A．Enthusiastic and ambitious. B．Professional and emotional. C．Optimistic and courageous. D．Cooperative and generous. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】文章讲述了一名巴西妇女Maria Filomena da Costa在脑手术过程中保持清醒，并唱起自己写的歌曲，这一举动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深打动了整个医疗团队，展现了她的勇气和乐观态度。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy.(要在不影响玛丽娅语言能力和认知能力的情况下切除肿瘤并非易事)”可知，切除肿瘤而不影响Maria的言语和认知并不容易，这说明肿瘤的位置很难处理。因此，我们可以得知肿瘤位于一个难以处理的位置。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening. So, the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved.(玛丽娅承认，想到在她清醒时医生要为她动脑手术，这让她感到害怕。因此，医疗团队推迟了手术，直到玛丽娅在心理上做好了应对一切的准备)”可知，医生推迟手术是因为玛丽娅需要充分的心理准备。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond.(到了手术的时候，医生们给玛丽娅使用了麻醉剂，以使她保持“略微清醒”的状态，这样她既能说话也能做出反应)”和““We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli (刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors, read and talk,” Carlos said.(卡洛斯说：“我们事先就计划好要对她的大脑进行电刺激式的语言功能测试，并在手术过程中对她进行一系列测试，比如让她说出物体和颜色的名称、阅读以及说话。”)”可知，在手术过程中，医生是通过说话帮助她对某事作出反应使玛丽娅安然无恙的。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening.(玛丽娅承认，她发现外科医生在她醒着的时候对她的大脑进行手术的想法很可怕)”、文章第四段“When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond.(到了手术的时候，医生们给玛丽娅使用了麻醉剂，以使她保持“略微清醒”的状态，这样她既能说话也能做出反应)”、文章最后一段“Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors. Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine, but it moved the team in a powerful way.(玛丽娅的行为使医生们大为震惊。这不仅为医生们提供了保证，玛丽娅的演讲不会有问题，而且还以一种强有力的方式感动了整个团队)”以及“Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage(每个人都在不停地谈论她的勇气)”可知，尽管手术本身非常可怕，Maria也承认当想到医生在她清醒的时候对她的大脑进行手术时，她感到害怕。但是，她还是接受了手术，并且在手术过程中唱歌来激励医生。她的行动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深地打动了整个医疗团队。因此，Maria被描述为乐观和勇敢的。 Passage 4 On a recent Friday night, after most of our guests had slipped on their coats, two friends stayed. The candles had burned low; the chairs had inched closer together. Someone shared a new story; someone else laughed hard, trying to collect himself in the chair, but failed. I looked around and wondered: since food wasn’t the point, what held everyone there? I didn’t always understand why hosting mattered so much to me. I grew up as an only child. Every night our family of three sat together over the dinner, talking about our days. The table was small, but the ritual (仪式感) was large. A few times a year, our quiet kitchen expanded into something else entirely. My parents would host a dinner for about 12 in our formal dining room and the energy would shift — various voices, vivid gestures, conversations across the table. Even as a child, I felt drawn to that feeling. Interestingly, my wife, Talia, grew up in a home where hosting felt effortless. More chairs appeared when needed. Extra food somehow materialized. Old friends and new faces were welcomed without ceremony. So, since 18 years ago, even in our tiny apartment back then, Talia and I have begun inviting people over — friends, colleagues, neighbors, sometimes people barely knowing each other. We spend days checking recipes and imagining how the dishes will fit together. All food is surely homemade. These rituals don’t need to be grand but intentional. Hosting is often messy and even chaotic, as it is. What surprises us is how often guests will pause at the door and say, “I didn’t realize how much I needed this.” They are people with tight schedules. What they are missing weren’t activities. It was being with other people without a timetable, a screen, or a reason to leave early. After our friends finally left that recent Friday night, the empty house still felt full. It struck me then that the dining table does more than feed people. In a world that pulls us in every direction, it has become easy to forget how much we need places — and people — that invite us to come together. 1．According to paragraph1, everyone in the house was ________. A．Unreserved. B．Outstanding. C．Improper. D．Over-scheduled. 2．What do we know about the author’s childhood? A．He grew up in an extended family. B．He hated the quiet family atmosphere. C．He often hosted dinners at home. D．He valued their family dinner routines. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The home-cooked food. B．The undistracted company. C．The indoor gatherings. D．The formal and grand party. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The secret of home cooking. B．The art of become a perfect host. C．The power of the dining table. D．The challenges of hosting friends. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述作者通过家庭聚餐和在家招待客人的经历，感悟餐桌的意义 —— 它不仅提供食物，更能让人放下纷扰、享受纯粹陪伴，凸显餐桌凝聚人心的力量。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The candles had burned low; the chairs had inched closer together. Someone shared a new story; someone else laughed hard, trying to collect himself in the chair, but failed.(蜡烛燃得很低，椅子挨得更近了。有人分享新故事，有人开怀大笑，想在椅子上稳住自己却没做到)”可知，屋里的人毫无拘束、畅所欲言。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I grew up as an only child. Every night our family of three sat together over the dinner, talking about our days. The table was small, but the ritual was large.(我是独生子，每晚一家三口围坐餐桌聊日常，餐桌虽小，仪式感却很足)”可推知，作者十分珍视家庭聚餐的日常。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“It was being with other people without a timetable, a screen, or a reason to leave early.(他们缺少的不是活动，而是无需赶时间、不看电子屏幕、不必提前离开的纯粹陪伴)”可推知，客人缺少的不是活动，而是纯粹的陪伴，由此可推知，此处“this”指代不受打扰的陪伴。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“It struck me then that the dining table does more than feed people. In a world that pulls us in every direction, it has become easy to forget how much we need places — and people — that invite us to come together.(我忽然意识到，餐桌不止用来吃饭，在纷繁的世界里，我们很容易忘记自己多么需要能凝聚彼此的地方和人)”可推知，文章核心是餐桌凝聚人心的力量。 Passage 5 Hope Johnson is in Columbus, Ohio, overseeing nine adults while they play in the water during a summer outing. Part of her job as a Direct Support Professional (DSP) is to assist people with disabilities with everything from daily tasks to their jobs. She and the group, whose members she sees as family, meet each week to participate in activities through the Without Walls (WOW) program. Since the start of the program in late 2020, she and the program have helped more than 120 adults in the central Ohio area, establishing a sense of connection between participants and their community. Nicole Neri, who is in her 20s, says she feels like she’s a part of something when she attends WOW. For the past two years, she has been helping a participant, Mark, who is legally blind. “I help Mark every day,” she says. “She makes sure he’s safe,” Ms. Johnson says. People are much happier when they have choices and aren’t separated, says Sean Luechtefeld, a vice president with the American Network of Community Options and Resources. He says Ms. Johnson goes above and beyond. “This type of work is incredibly rewarding,” adds Mr. Luechtefeld. “But it can also be incredibly challenging.” Fewer people are becoming DSPs, he says, adding that a decades-old shortage is fueled in part by people feeling undervalued and underpaid. Lisa Wenzke, a Columbus mother, first met Ms. Johnson earlier this year at a Special Olympics track meet (田径运动会), where the WOW leader was cheering for her participants. Ms. Wenzke was impressed by that commitment. “All I could think was, ‘This is someone I want in my life. This is a wonderful person,’ ” she says. They know her family and, to her, they’re a part of it. 1．What is the purpose of WOW? A．To improve the look of communities. B．To solve differences among residents. C．To teach the disabled useful life skills. D．To promote the welfare of the disabled. 2．How has WOW affected Neri? A．She has earned the favor of participants. B．She has gained a sense of belonging. C．She has improved her eyesight. D．She has developed interpersonal skills. 3．What does Luechtefeld think of DSPs’ work? A．It calls for professional training. B．It is more rewarding than challenging. C．It needs greater social recognition. D．It keeps attracting new applicants. 4．What is Wenzke’s attitude towards Johnson? A．Favorable. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】讲述了约翰逊投身帮扶残疾人的 WOW 项目，助力残障人士融入社会。这类陪护工作意义重大却辛苦缺人，她热心尽责的态度也收获了众人认可与好评。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“She and the group, whose members she sees as family, meet each week to participate in activities through the Without Walls (WOW) program. Since the start of the program in late 2020, she and the program have helped more than 120 adults in the central Ohio area, establishing a sense of connection between participants and their community.(她和这个团体（她将其中的成员视为自己的家人）每周都会相聚，通过WOW项目参与各种活动。自2020年末该项目启动以来，她和该项目已经帮助了俄亥俄州中部地区的120多名成年人，增强了参与者与所在社区之间的联系)”可知，WOW的宗旨是促进残疾人的福利。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Nicole Neri, who is in her 20s, says she feels like she’s a part of something when she attends WOW.(20多岁的妮科尔·内里表示，每当她参加“WOW”活动时，都会有一种自己是其中一员的感觉)”可知，WOW让内莉有了归属感。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Fewer people are becoming DSPs, he says, adding that a decades-old shortage is fueled in part by people feeling undervalued and underpaid.(他表示，如今愿意成为直接支持专业人员的人越来越少。这份职业数十年来一直存在人员短缺问题，部分原因是从业者觉得自身价值得不到认可，且薪资待遇偏低。)”可知，卢特策菲尔德认为WOW的工作需要得到更多的社会认可。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lisa Wenzke, a Columbus mother, first met Ms. Johnson earlier this year at a Special Olympics track meet (田径运动会), where the WOW leader was cheering for her participants. Ms. Wenzke was impressed by that commitment. “All I could think was, ‘This is someone I want in my life. This is a wonderful person,’ ” she says. They know her family and, to her, they’re a part of it.(莉萨·温泽是哥伦布的一位母亲，今年早些时候，她在一次特殊奥林匹克田径运动会上第一次见到了约翰逊女士。当时，这位 WOW 项目的负责人正在为她的队员加油助威。温兹克女士对这种奉献精神印象深刻。“我所能想到的就是，‘这个人是我想要融入生活中的。这是一个非常出色的女士。’”她说。他们了解她的家人，并且对她而言，他们也是她生活的一部分)”可知，温泽对约翰逊持支持态度。 说明文 Passage 1 Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just a topic of science fiction. In recent years, it has begun to play an increasingly important role in healthcare, from diagnosing diseases to predicting patient outcomes. One of the most promising applications is in medical imaging. Traditionally, doctors examine X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs by eye, which can be time-consuming and sometimes leads to human error. AI systems, however, can be trained on thousands of medical images to recognize patterns that might be invisible to the human eye. For example, a study published in 2023 showed that an AI model detected breast cancer in mammograms with 94.5% accuracy, compared to 88.2% for human radiologists. Moreover, the AI completed its analysis in just 30 seconds, while a doctor might take several minutes. But AI is not meant to replace doctors. Instead, it serves as a powerful assistant. Dr. Liu Wei, a radiologist at Beijing United Hospital, explains: “AI helps us double-check our findings. It catches things we might miss, especially when we are tired after a long day. This gives us more confidence in our diagnoses.” In fact, many hospitals are now using AI as a second reader, reducing misdiagnosis rates by nearly 20%. However, AI in medicine still faces challenges. One major issue is data privacy — patients’ medical images contain sensitive information. Another is the “black box” problem: sometimes even the engineers who build AI systems cannot explain exactly how the AI reaches a decision. This makes some doctors hesitant to fully trust it. Despite these difficulties, researchers are working on more transparent and secure AI models. As technology improves, AI is likely to become a standard tool in hospitals worldwide, not to replace human care, but to strengthen it. 1．What is the main advantage of AI in medical imaging mentioned in the passage? A．It can replace doctors completely. B．It is cheaper than human examination. C．It works faster and sometimes more accurately. D．It can take X-rays and CT scans automatically. 2．How does Dr. Liu Wei feel about using AI in his work? A．He thinks AI is too complex to be useful. B．He believes AI increases diagnostic confidence. C．He worries that AI will take away his job. D．He considers AI less accurate than human eyes. 3．Which of the following is a challenge for AI in medicine according to the passage? A．AI cannot process medical images. B．AI’s decision-making process is not always clear. C．Patients refuse to be examined by AI. D．AI takes longer than human doctors. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of AI in healthcare? A．Optimistic but cautious. B．Highly doubtful. C．Completely indifferent. D．Strongly opposed. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍人工智能在医学影像领域的应用优势、辅助诊疗作用，同时点明其现存挑战并表明对其发展的态度。 1．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“For example, a study published in 2023 showed that an AI model detected breast cancer in mammograms with 94.5% accuracy, compared to 88.2% for human radiologists. Moreover, the AI completed its analysis in just 30 seconds, while a doctor might take several minutes.(例如，2023年发表的一项研究表明，AI模型在乳腺X光检查中检测乳腺癌的准确率为94.5%，而人类放射科医生为88.2%。此外，AI仅用30秒就完成了分析，而医生可能需要几分钟。)”可知，AI的主要优势在于速度更快且有时更准确。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中刘伟医生的话“AI helps us double-check our findings. It catches things we might miss, especially when we are tired after a long day. This gives us more confidence in our diagnoses.’(“AI帮助我们复核检查结果。它能捕捉到我们可能遗漏的东西，尤其是在我们劳累了一整天之后。这让我们对诊断更有信心。”)”可知，他认为AI增加了诊断的信心。 3．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“Another is the ‘black box’ problem: sometimes even the engineers who build AI systems cannot explain exactly how the AI reaches a decision.(另一个问题是‘黑箱’问题：有时即使是开发AI系统的工程师也无法确切解释AI是如何做出决策的。)”可知，AI决策过程不透明是当前的一大挑战。 4．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“Despite these difficulties, researchers are working on more transparent and secure AI models. As technology improves, AI is likely to become a standard tool in hospitals worldwide, not to replace human care, but to strengthen it.(尽管存在这些困难，研究人员正在致力于开发更透明、更安全的AI模型。随着技术的进步，AI很可能成为全球医院的标准工具，其目的并非取代人工医护，而是助力完善医疗服务。)”可知，作者既承认了困难和挑战（cautious），又相信其未来的发展和应用（optimistic）。 Passage 2 Alaska’s waters support one of the world’s most important salmon (三文鱼) fisheries, sustained by complex marine food webs. Scientists are eager to understand how these systems are changing as the climate shifts. The challenge is that reliable samples from decades ago are hard to find. Natalie Mastick, a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University, took an unconventional approach. Instead of relying on modern samples, she examined old cans of salmon. These cans contained cuts from four species collected over a 42-year period in the Gulf of Alaska and Bristol Bay. Mastick and her team opened 178 cans and analysed the preserved fish, counting tiny parasitic worms (寄生虫) known as anisakids in the fish. Although these worms had been killed during the canning process, they hold valuable scientific information. At first glance, finding worms in fish may seem alarming. But scientists say the opposite can be true. “The anisakid life cycle integrates many components of the food web. I see their existence as a signal that the fish on your plate came from a stable or recovering ecosystem.” said Mastick. The team’s findings showed that anisakid levels increased in certain salmon species between 1979 and 2021. One key factor accounting for this upward trend may be the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which helped populations of seals, sea lions, and other marine mammals recover after years of decline. “Anisakids can only reproduce in a marine mammal, so this could be a sign that, over our study period, anisakid levels were rising because of more opportunities to reproduce,” said Mastick. The stable anisakid levels observed in some kinds of salmon are more difficult to interpret. There are many different anisakid species, each relying on its own combination of hosts. While the canning process preserved the outer structure of the worms, it destroyed the internal features scientists would need to identify specific species. Researchers believe this method could be applied to other preserved seafood, offering a new way to explore historical ecosystems. They also hope their work encourages scientists to think creatively about overlooked data sources. 1．Why did Mastick use canned salmon for her research? A．To creatively access historical data. B．To find a cheaper way to study fish. C．To test the safety of preserved food. D．To prove the quality of Alaska’s fisheries. 2．What does the presence of anisakids in salmon indicate according to Mastick? A．The water temperature is dropping. B．The salmon population is decreasing. C．The marine ecosystem is likely healthy. D．The fish is unsafe for human consumption. 3．What is the limitation of using canned salmon in this study? A．The canning process is conventional. B．The anisakids were too large to count. C．The cans were not preserved well enough. D．The specific species couldn’t be classified. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Anisakids: Indicators of Ocean Species B．Ecological impact on Marine Food Webs C．The Secrets Hidden in Decades-Old Cans D．Alaska’s Salmon:A Proof of Climate Change 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家Natalie Mastick通过研究旧罐头中的三文鱼来探索历史生态系统的变化。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists are eager to understand how these systems are changing as the climate shifts. The challenge is that reliable samples from decades ago are hard to find.(科学家们迫切想要了解，随着气候变迁，这些生态系统正在发生怎样的变化。而难题在于，数十年前可靠的生物样本很难获取。)”以及第二段中“Natalie Mastick, a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University, took an unconventional approach. Instead of relying on modern samples, she examined old cans of salmon.(耶鲁大学博士后研究员Natalie Mastick采取了一种非传统的方法。她没有依赖现代样本，而是检查了旧罐头中的三文鱼。)”可知，Natalie Mastick使用罐装三文鱼进行研究是为了创造性地获取历史数据。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At first glance, finding worms in fish may seem alarming. But scientists say the opposite can be true. “The anisakid life cycle integrates many components of the food web. I see their existence as a signal that the fish on your plate came from a stable or recovering ecosystem.” said Mastick.(乍一看，鱼肉里发现寄生虫似乎令人不安。但科学家表示，事实恰恰相反。Mastick说：“异尖线虫的生命周期关联着食物网的众多组成部分。在我看来，这类寄生虫的存在，标志着餐桌上的鱼类源自稳定或正在恢复的生态系统。”)”可知，根据Mastick的说法，三文鱼中存在异尖线虫表明海洋生态系统可能是健康的。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“While the canning process preserved the outer structure of the worms, it destroyed the internal features scientists would need to identify specific species.(虽然罐装过程保留了虫子的外部结构，但它破坏了科学家识别特定物种所需的内部特征。)”可知，这项研究使用罐装三文鱼的局限性是无法对具体物种进行分类。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Natalie Mastick, a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University, took an unconventional approach. Instead of relying on modern samples, she examined old cans of salmon.(耶鲁大学博士后研究员Natalie Mastick采取了一种非传统的方法。她没有依赖现代样本，而是检查了旧罐头中的三文鱼。)”以及最后一段中“Researchers believe this method could be applied to other preserved seafood, offering a new way to explore historical ecosystems.(研究人员认为，这种方法可以应用于其他保存的海鲜，为探索历史生态系统提供了一种新方法。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家Natalie Mastick通过研究旧罐头中的三文鱼来探索历史生态系统的变化，故C选项“隐藏在几十年旧罐头中的秘密”最符合文章标题。 Passage 3 You may remember those stories from a few years back about how there were more men called John running big companies than there were women. In our company, we had our own version: there were more Sarahs than there were men. So why do some names become so popular at certain moments in time? According to a historical database of English birth records, more than 8 percent of baby boys were named John in the mid-19th century, similar to the proportion (占比) of baby girls named Mary. It was a less dominant, but still very common baby name by the 1940s and 1950s, which explains all those ageing leaders called John in the 2010s. But since then, John’s popularity has plummeted. The top three boys’ names in England and Wales are now Muhammad, Noah and Oliver. But not all popular 19th-century names have gone the way of John. Some have staged a comeback — Sarah is a perfect example. Sarah was a common name in mid-19th-century England, but its fall came sharper and faster than John, and by the first half of the 20th century it was a fairly unusual name to give a baby. Yet, in the 1970s and 1980s, it staged a remarkable comeback, shooting up the rankings to become one of the most popular girls’ names. That explains why there are so many Sarahs in our company, 40 years later. Experts say that for a “second act”, these old names need to have been unpopular for a couple of generations, so that they attract parents of new babies who are looking for tradition but don’t want names they associate with their parents ‘or grandparents’ era. Sarah, therefore, may well experience a 100-year hiatus (停滞) as a result of its own “second wind” success. Even if names like Sarah stage another comeback one day, they’re unlikely to ever achieve the levels of popularity they once commanded. The data shows that the drive towards individualism has increased in recent decades and the timely publication of baby name data is beginning to shape the trends too. It might enable parents to realise more quickly when a name has become very popular and to choose one further down the list instead. 1．What made so many men called John run big companies a few years ago? A．Growing ageing populations. B．High proportion of the name. C．Discrimination against women. D．Johns’ superb managerial skills. 2．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Peaked. B．Dropped. C．Returned. D．Stabilized. 3．What can we learn about the name Sarah? A．It regained popularity. B．It reflects individualism. C．It mirrored generation gap. D．It holds lasting attraction. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Origin of Personal Names. B．How to Choose a Special Name. C．The Rise and Fall of Popular Names. D．How Culture Shapes Common Names. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这篇文章主要以约翰和莎拉为例，讨论了流行名字的兴衰。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to a historical database of English birth records, more than 8 percent of baby boys were named John in the mid-19th century, similar to the proportion (占比) of baby girls named Mary. It was a less dominant, but still very common baby name by the 1940s and 1950s, which explains all those ageing leaders called John in the 2010s.( 根据一份有关英国出生记录的历史数据库显示，在19世纪中期，超过 8%的男婴被命名为约翰，与叫玛丽的女婴的比例相似。到 20世纪 40年代和50年代，约翰这个名字的受欢迎程度虽不那么突出，但仍然非常普遍。这也就解释了为什么在21 世纪10年代那些年长的领导人中会有那么多叫约翰的男性。)”可知，一些年前有如此多叫约翰的男性经营大型企业是因为这个名字的比例很高。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段前半句用 But 转折，以及下文“The top three boys’ names in England and Wales are now Muhammad, Noah and Oliver.( 如今在英格兰和威尔士，最受欢迎的三个男孩名字是穆罕默德、诺亚和奥利弗。)”由此可知，约翰这个名字的受欢迎程度大幅下降。故可猜测划线单词plummeted为“下降”的意思，和B选项Dropped“下降”意思相近。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sarah was a common name in mid-19th-century England, but its fall came sharper and faster than John, and by the first half of the 20th century it was a fairly unusual name to give a baby. Yet, in the 1970s and 1980s, it staged a remarkable comeback, shooting up the rankings to become one of the most popular girls’ names.( 莎拉在 19 世纪中期的英格兰是很常见的名字，但它的衰落速度比约翰更快更猛烈，到 20 世纪初，给婴儿取这个名字已经变得相当少见了。然而，在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，它却实现了惊人的复兴，排名大幅上升，最终成为最受欢迎的女孩名字之一。)”可知，关于“莎拉”这个名字，我们可以了解到它再度流行起来。 4．主旨大意题。本文围绕热门名字的兴衰变化展开，以约翰和萨拉两个经典英文名为例，讲述了它们不同的热度走势：约翰从曾经的国民名字逐渐失宠，萨拉则经历了衰落又再度走红的过程；同时分析了名字流行、复兴的原因，以及当下人们追求个性、名字数据公开等因素，让经典名字难以再复刻往日超高人气。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“流行名字的兴衰”。 Passage 4 When diving into a foreign language, many students find themselves marveling at the fact that objects, universal to all human beings, are often named with sounds that vary wildly across languages. Take the familiar animal known as a “dog” in English — it’s “gou” in Chinese and “inu” in Japanese. This striking difference is more than a cultural curiosity; it embodies a core concept in linguistics called arbitrariness (任意性). The term was famously introduced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who argued that there is typically no natural connection between a word and the object or idea it represents. Had ancient English speakers chosen a completely different sound for “tree” or “water”, communication would still have functioned normally. This reveals an extraordinary truth: what grants language with power is not the nature itself but rather the shared understanding within a community. Once a group agrees on specific signs or sounds, those symbols take on meaning. One way this arbitrariness justifies itself is through the natural evolution of languages. Since words are rooted in convention rather than unchanging rules, their pronunciation, meaning, and even usage morph over time. Think about Modern English compared to Old English — they’re so far apart that many early texts feel alien to the average reader today. But let’s not get carried away thinking arbitrariness is a constant. Some words, especially onomatopoeic words (拟声词), carry an element of directness that sets them apart from the rest. Consider the sound of bees: English speakers call it “buzz,” while Chinese speakers say “wengweng.” Both words attempt to capture the same noise, though each is colored by cultural perception. More amazingly, recent researchers state that certain speech sounds may arouse similar emotional reactions across languages, suggesting probable universality beneath the linguistic diversity. For language learners, this concept can be a game-changer. The secret to mastering a language lies not in finding logical explanations for every word, but in immersing yourself in meaningful communication, repeated exposure, and practice. It’s through these experiences that the seemingly arbitrary transforms into something deeply familiar, even second nature. 1．What does the example of “tree” and “water” illustrate in paragraph 2? A．Natural connection between sounds and objects. B．Ancient processes of creating words for objects. C．Social agreement’s role in assigning meanings. D．Universal linguistic rules for sound creation. 2．What does the underlined word “morph” mean in paragraph 3? A．Stay constant. B．Change and develop. C．Fade away. D．Become harder to understand. 3．What can we infer from recent research findings in paragraph 4? A．Onomatopoeic words serve as further proof of arbitrariness. B．Linguistic diversity removes universal features across languages. C．Cultural difference determines the representation of natural sounds. D．Cross-language emotional associations can be achieved despite differences. 4．Which of the following opinions might the author agree with? A．Language reflects human creativity and collective imagination. B．Language systems depend on cultural dominance and superiority. C．Arbitrariness creates obstacles that prevent cross-cultural communication. D．Logical explanations for new words help learners understand their origin. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了语言学中的“任意性”概念，即词语与所指对象之间没有必然的自然联系，语言的意义源于社会约定俗成。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Had ancient English speakers chosen a completely different sound for “tree” or “water”, communication would still have functioned normally. This reveals an extraordinary truth: what grants language with power is not the nature itself but rather the shared understanding within a community. (如果古代英语使用者为“树”或“水”选择了完全不同的发音，交流仍然可以正常进行。这揭示了一个非凡的真理：赋予语言力量的不是事物本身，而是社群内部的共同理解)”可知，“树”和“水”的例子说明了社会共识在赋予词语意义中的作用。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Think about Modern English compared to Old English — they’re so far apart that many early texts feel alien to the average reader today. (想想现代英语与古英语的对比——它们之间的差距如此之大，以至于许多早期文本对今天的普通读者来说都感到陌生)”可知，现代英语与古英语差距如此之大，以至于许多早期文本对今天的普通读者来说都感到陌生，说明词语会随着时间“变化和发展”。故划线词morph意为“变化和发展”，与“Change and develop”同义。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“More amazingly, recent researchers state that certain speech sounds may arouse similar emotional reactions across languages, suggesting probable universality beneath the linguistic diversity. (更令人惊讶的是，最近的研究人员指出，某些语音可能会在不同语言中引起相似的情感反应，这表明在语言多样性的背后可能存在普遍性)”可推知，尽管语言存在差异，但跨语言的情感关联是可以实现的。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This reveals an extraordinary truth: what grants language with power is not the nature itself but rather the shared understanding within a community. Once a group agrees on specific signs or sounds, those symbols take on meaning (这揭示了一个非同寻常的事实：赋予语言力量的不是自然本身，而是社区内的共同理解。一旦一个群体就特定的符号或声音达成一致，这些符号就有了意义)”和第五段中“The secret to mastering a language lies not in finding logical explanations for every word, but in immersing yourself in meaningful communication, repeated exposure, and practice.(掌握一门语言的秘诀不在于为每个单词找到合乎逻辑的解释，而在于让自己沉浸在有意义的交流、反复接触和练习中)”可知，作者认为语言的意义来自群体的共同创造和想象，而非逻辑规则或文化优越感。A项“Language reflects human creativity and collective imagination(语言反映了人类的创造力和集体想象力)”与作者观点一致。 Passage 5 In 1915, a worried mother wrote to the United States Children’s Bureau to ask why her son was rejecting various foods. Could it be that he did not like them? The expert dismissed that idea and advised a visit to the doctor, believing his problem must be stomach trouble. After all, voluntary food rejection was almost unheard of in America at the time. Children ate what their parents put in front of them. Today American children have become the pickiest eaters in history. In a new book, Helen Zoe Veit, an associate professor at Michigan State University, strongly criticizes changes in adults’ behaviour and thinking over the past century that allowed picky eating to hijack (劫持) children’s diet. Before the 20th century, there was no such thing as “children’s food”. Youngsters had wild appetites. Like adults, they stuck to regular meals and naturally worked up a good appetite. However, the rise of snacking has changed this, becoming one major reason behind children’s picky eating at mealtimes. Two other things changed in the past century. One was attitudes concerning children’s independence to make their own food choices and new views on the downside of forcing children to eat certain things. A mid-20th-century study found kids could make healthy food choices on their own. Widely introduced in parenting books, the research persuaded parents to give children more freedom in food selection. The other thing was the rise of supermarkets and processed foods. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered far more goods than before. Advertisers began targeting children directly for the first time. In the old days, children ate what their mothers bought; now the kids tell their mothers what to buy. Ms Veit blames adults for treating food differently from toothbrushing. Children may say they do not want to brush, but adults overrule them because they know toothbrushing is beneficial to them. Why not so with spinach (菠菜) or fish? Her book, Picky, includes suggestions for fighting picky eating at home, such as feeding the whole family the same meal and continuing to introduce a food repeatedly even after a child has rejected it. 1．What can we infer about past kids from paragraph 1? A．They were seldom picky. B．They were more dependent. C．They had little to eat. D．They usually had stomachs. 2．How did the mid-20th-century study influence people? A．It reduced kids’ interest in snacks. B．It gave kids more say in food choices. C．It changed people’s view on nutrition. D．It misled parenting books into false ideas. 3．What does Ms Veit blame parents for? A．Setting strict rules on daily life. B．Failing to value healthy meals. C．Allowing kids to skip toothbrushing. D．Giving in easily to kids’ food likes. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Mother’s Advice on Kids’ Eating B．The Changing Taste of American Food C．Why American Kids Become Picky Eaters D．A New Book on Healthy Family Meals 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述如今美国孩子普遍挑食，并从多方面分析这一现象形成的百年原因以及相关改善建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After all, voluntary food rejection was almost unheard of in America at the time. Children ate what their parents put in front of them.(毕竟，在那个年代的美国，孩子主动挑食的情况几乎闻所未闻，父母端上什么食物，孩子们就吃什么。)”可知，过去的孩子很少挑食。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A mid-20th-century study found kids could make healthy food choices on their own. Widely introduced in parenting books, the research persuaded parents to give children more freedom in food selection.(一项20世纪中期的研究发现，儿童能够自主选择健康食物。该研究被育儿书籍广泛引用，促使家长在饮食选择上给予孩子更多自由。)”可知，这项研究让孩子在食物选择上拥有了更多话语权。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Ms Veit blames adults for treating food differently from toothbrushing. Children may say they do not want to brush, but adults overrule them because they know toothbrushing is beneficial to them. Why not so with spinach (菠菜) or fish?(Veit女士指责成年人对待食物和刷牙的态度截然不同。孩子们或许会说不想刷牙，但大人会否决他们的想法，因为清楚刷牙对他们有益。那对待菠菜和鱼类，为何不也这样做呢？)”可知，她认为父母轻易迁就孩子的饮食喜好。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Today American children have become the pickiest eaters in history. In a new book, Helen Zoe Veit, an associate professor at Michigan State University, strongly criticizes changes in adults’ behaviour and thinking over the past century that allowed picky eating to hijack (劫持) children’s diet.(如今美国儿童成了有史以来最挑食的群体。密歇根州立大学副教授Helen Zoe Veit在新书中严厉批评，过去一个世纪里成年人的行为与观念发生转变，使得挑食问题严重影响了孩子们的饮食。)”可知，文章围绕美国儿童挑食这一现象展开，逐层分析背后的各类成因，所以“Why American Kids Become Picky Eaters(美国孩子为何变得挑食)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为文章标题。 议论文 Passage 1 Artificial intelligence is now entering the field of creative arts. AI can compose music in the style of Bach, write poems, and generate paintings. This raises a profound (深刻的) question: Can AI truly be creative, or is it merely imitating (模仿) human creativity? The core of the debate lies in how we define creativity. If creativity is the ability to produce something new and valuable, then AI qualifies. The music it creates is “new” and many find it enjoyable. However, if creativity involves consciousness, intention, and emotional experience — the human “spark” — then AI falls short. An AI doesn’t feel joy or sorrow; it analyzes vast datasets of existing art to identify patterns and then generates new combinations. Proponents of AI art argue that it opens new possibilities. It can serve as a powerful tool for human artists, helping them explore ideas they might not have considered. For example, a designer might use AI to generate hundreds of logo concepts in minutes, providing a starting point for refinement (改进). In this view, AI is less a competitor and more a collaborator or a new kind of artistic medium. However, skeptics worry about the devaluation (贬值) of human effort. If a machine can produce a pleasing painting in seconds, what is the value of the thousands of hours a human painter spends mastering their craft? They fear a flood of AI-generated content might make it harder for truly original human artists to be seen and appreciated. Perhaps the most balanced perspective (视角) is to see AI as a mirror. The art it produces reflects the data it was trained on — which is human art. Therefore, the ultimate value and meaning of AI-generated work still depends on human judgment and the context humans provide. The artist’s role may evolve from being the sole creator to being a curator (策划者) and interpreter who guides the AI and gives the output significance. 1．What is the central question debated in the text? A．Is AI-created art truly creative or just imitation? B．How can AI best imitate famous artists like Bach? C．Will AI replace human artists in the near future? D．What tools do human artists need to compete with AI? 2．What does the underlined word “proponents” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Critics. B．Creators. C．Supporters. D．Observers. 3．According to its supporters, what is a major benefit of AI in art? A．It can work independently without human help. B．It serves as a tool to expand human creativity. C．It devalues the effort of human artists. D．It guarantees the production of original masterpieces. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．AI-generated art has no real value of its own. B．Human artists will become obsolete. C．AI is primarily a mirror that copies existing art perfectly. D．Human judgment remains crucial in giving meaning to AI art. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要围绕人工智能在创意艺术领域的应用展开讨论，阐述了关于人工智能是否真正具有创造力这一问题的不同观点，以及较为平衡的看待视角。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This raises a profound (深刻的) question: Can AI truly be creative, or is it merely imitating (模仿) human creativity? (这提出了一个深刻的问题：人工智能真的具有创造力，还是仅仅在模仿人类的创造力？)”可知，文本中争论的中心问题是人工智能创作的艺术是真正有创造力的还是仅仅是模仿。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Proponents of AI art argue that it opens new possibilities. It can serve as a powerful tool for human artists, helping them explore ideas they might not have considered. (人工智能艺术的 ______ 认为它开辟了新的可能性。它可以成为人类艺术家的有力工具，帮助他们探索他们可能没有考虑过的想法。)”以及第四段“However, skeptics worry about the devaluation (贬值) of human effort. (然而，怀疑论者担心人类努力的贬值。)”可知，第三段和第四段分别阐述了支持和反对人工智能艺术的两方观点，所以“proponents”与“skeptics”意思相反，应为“支持者”。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Proponents of AI art argue that it opens new possibilities. It can serve as a powerful tool for human artists, helping them explore ideas they might not have considered. (人工智能艺术的支持者认为它开辟了新的可能性。它可以成为人类艺术家的有力工具，帮助他们探索他们可能没有考虑过的想法。)”可知，支持者认为人工智能在艺术方面的一个主要好处是它可以作为拓展人类创造力的工具。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Therefore, the ultimate value and meaning of AI-generated work still depends on human judgment and the context humans provide. The artist’s role may evolve from being the sole creator to being a curator (策划者) and interpreter who guides the AI and gives the output significance. (因此，人工智能生成作品的最终价值和意义仍然取决于人类的判断和人类提供的背景。艺术家的角色可能会从唯一的创作者演变为策划者和解释者，指导人工智能并赋予输出意义。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是人类的判断对于赋予人工智能艺术意义仍然至关重要。 Passage 2 When people feel stuck at work, they often assume the problem is a skill gap. They need more experience, better training, or another certification. But in many cases, missed opportunities have less to do with competence and more to do with how your personality patterns are showing up on the job. You can be very good at what you do and still be overlooked for what comes next. Kelly is acknowledged as a dependable, organized, and helpful employee. When a task needs to get done, people trust her to handle it. But when leadership opportunities opened up, Kelly was never selected. When she asked for feedback, she was told that no one questioned her competence, but she wasn’t seen as someone who would lead change or set innovative new directions. Kelly’s personality hadn’t suddenly become an obstacle. It just mismatched what her desired role required. Leadership in her organization demanded visibility, confidence, and innovation. Kelly’s quest for inbox zero took time away from big-picture thinking, and her tendency to wait until she was absolutely sure before speaking — once an asset — now worked against her. Advancement tends to require a different set of traits: comfort with uncertainty, influence, visibility, and strategic risk-taking. It is possible to shift your traits so they fit your next step. Most people view personality as their underlying essence that explains how they think, feel, and behave. Yet this understanding of personality doesn’t line up with personality science. Instead, personality traits are a description of your patterns, not the cause of them. And people adjust how they think and behave all the time. This can happen when you’re thrown into a new role or environment that pulls for you to show up differently. In other words, personality is not set in stone. And you don’t have to wait for changes in your environment to draw new habits and thinking patterns out of you. You can intentionally try on new behaviors that better align with the roles you desire. 1．What can we learn from Kelly’s previous work strengths? A．They held back her big-picture thinking. B．They were seen as innovative by leaders. C．They brought no benefit to her daily work. D．They were ignored by her company leaders. 2．What does the underlined word “asset” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A financial property. B．A leadership skill. C．A work responsibility. D．A valuable characteristic. 3．Which statement would the author probably agree with? A．Environments determine personality. B．Ability guarantees career promotion. C．Behavioral adaptation is achievable. D．Personality is the driver of behavior. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Competence in Career Development B．Personality in Career Advancement C．The Role of Skills in Career Success D．Leadership Risks in Professional Growth 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了性格在职业晋升中的作用及行为调整的可行性。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kelly’s quest for inbox zero took time away from big-picture thinking , and her tendency to wait until she was absolutely sure before speaking (凯利执着于清空收件箱，这占用了她进行宏观思考的时间；而且她总习惯等到完全有把握才开口发言)”可知，凯莉过去的工作优势（如追求收件箱清零、说话前力求绝对确定）反而阻碍了她的宏观思考。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Kelly’s quest for inbox zero took time away from big-picture thinking, and her tendency to wait until she was absolutely sure before speaking — once an asset — now worked against her. (凯利执着于清空收件箱，这占用了她进行宏观思考的时间；而且她总习惯等到完全有把握才开口发言——曾是一项asset——如今反倒对她不利)”可知，这种倾向曾经对她有利，是一种有价值的特质，但现在反而对她不利。因此asset在此意为“有价值的特性”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You can intentionally try on new behaviors that better align with the roles you desire. (你可以有意识地尝试新的行为方式，使其更符合你向往的职位要求)”可知，作者认为人们可以有意识地调整行为，行为适应是可以实现的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“But in many cases, missed opportunities have less to do with competence and more to do with how your personality patterns are showing up on the job. (但在很多情况下，错失机会与能力的关系并不大，更多是源于你在职场中展现出的性格模式)”可知，文章开头指出职场困境常与性格模式有关，接着用凯莉的例子说明性格与职位要求不匹配会影响晋升，最后强调性格可以主动调整。文章主要围绕职业发展中性格特点带来的影响展开，B选项“Personality in Career Advancement (职业晋升中的性格)”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Passage 3 Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care. The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment — at the end of life, for example — is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing (配给制) . Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers. “There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors.” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.” Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs 50 dollars and the other close to 2, 000 dollars. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. And using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use? Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.” 1．What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do? A．Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take. B．Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care. C．Take costs into account when making treatment decisions. D．Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments. 2．What may the new guidelines being developed lead to? A．The redefining of doctors’ roles. B．Overuse of less effective medicines. C．The prolonging of patients’ suffering. D．Conflicts between doctors and patients. 3．What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers? A．They may lose the respect of patients. B．They may have to use less effective drugs. C．They may be forced to divide their attention. D．They may be involved in a conflict of interest. 4．What do some experts say about doctors’ involvement in medical cost analysis? A．It may add to doctors’ already heavy workloads. B．It will help to save money for society as a whole. C．It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem. D．It raises doctors’ awareness of their social responsibilities. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述美国医疗成本不断上涨，权威医疗组织建议医生诊疗时不仅考虑治疗效果，还要兼顾医疗费用；由此引发医生角色重新定位、医患信任隐患、医疗费用与治疗安全的两难权衡，以及社会层面对医疗成本管控责任缺失的反思。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.(一些最具影响力的医疗组织表示，他们再也无法对医疗费用的持续上涨置之不理了。这些组织建议医生在做出患者治疗决策时，不仅要考虑治疗的效果，还要考虑其成本)”可知，一些最有影响力的医疗团体建议医生在做出治疗决策时要考虑成本。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.(这一转变在医学界以外鲜为人知，但在医学界内部已经引起争议，这表明医生们开始重新定义自己的角色，从只关注个别患者到影响医疗费用的支出方式)”可知，正在制定的新准则可能导致医生角色的重新定义。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers. “There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors.” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.”(部分医生认为，同时承担患者诊疗服务提供者与财务监督者的双重角色可能存在潜在利益冲突。“社会中应当存在关注预算问题的相关力量，但他们不应同时担任医生职务。”波士顿一家医院的马丁·塞缪尔斯博士如是说道。他表示，如果医生告诉患者：“我不会采取我认为对你最有利的治疗方案，因为这会损害马萨诸塞州的医疗预算”，就可能失去患者的信任)”可推知，医生们认为他们作为患者护理提供者和财务监督者的双重角色可能会失去患者的尊重。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.” (尽管如此，一些分析师认为医生在成本分析中仍扮演着重要角色，因为目前很少有其他专业人士从事这一工作。“从某些方面来看，”丹尼尔·苏尔马西博士表示，“这反映了整个社会未能正视这一问题。”)”可知，一些专家认为医生参与医疗成本分析是社会未能解决这个问题的结果。 Passage 4 Looking at art should be like walking in the countryside. You may not know exactly where you are, what bird is making that strange sound, or what the hill ahead of you is called, but that’s part of the fun of it. You don’t need to know these things to feel the beauty of nature. Of course, if you do know your birds, trees and local history, a walk can be more attractive. Yet such knowledge comes slowly. It is picked up through experience. A true knowledge of nature cannot just be given to you through an app on your phone. Imagine pointing your phone at the hill and getting plenty of information on screen. Would that enrich your dreamy walk or ruin it? Braggarts enjoy an app that allows them to show off their knowledge, for example, about baroque (巴洛克风格的) paintings. In fact, apps in museums try to provide on-screen art history at once just to encourage people to read their phones instead of looking at paintings. It is a mistaken idea that you need to be spoon-fed (灌输) amazing facts about a work of art in order to appreciate it. Our first experience of a work of art should be raw (自然状态的)，unguided, and a bit puzzling, like following a path in the woods. Later, you might choose to do some personal research into the work. It can further increase your enjoyment and appreciation for it. Yet it is best done when you’re away from the art itself, so that even when you return, the work still feels fresh. Anyone who thinks knowing some dates and details makes you better understand a work of art is wrong. We all need to put aside our screens and our supposed knowledge when we look at art. Let the paintings flow in; let your intuitions (直觉) fly off. Art is a journey in the wilderness or it is nothing at all. 1．What does the underlined word “Braggarts” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．People who like showing off. B．People who like baroque paintings. C．Those who are good at appreciating art. D．Those who are good at painting with phones 2．What's the main idea of paragraph 4? A．How to appreciate a work of art. B．How to do personal research into a work of art. C．How to keep your feelings about a work of art fresh. D．How to be spoon-fed amazing facts about a work of art. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Because of apps, art will be ruined in the future. B．A good piece of art is usually made about nature. C．Research work and intuitions can both help understand art. D．Museums are not supposed to allow the use of mobile phones. 4．What does the author mainly want to say? A．Art is best with the help of apps. B．Art is best when hidden in mystery. C．Art is nothing compared with nature. D．Art is nothing when details and facts are known. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述欣赏艺术应注重直观感受，而非依赖手机软件和死记硬背知识。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Braggarts enjoy an app that allows them to show off their knowledge, for example, about baroque paintings.(Braggarts喜欢一款能让他们炫耀自己知识的应用程序，比如关于巴洛克绘画的知识。)”可知，画线词所在句子的关键信息为“show off their knowledge”，意思是“炫耀他们的知识”，由此可以猜测Braggarts指的是喜欢炫耀的人。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“It is a mistaken idea that you need to be spoon-fed (灌输)amazing facts about a work of art in order to appreciate it. Our first experience of a work of art should be raw (自然状态的)，unguided, and a bit puzzling, like following a path in the woods. Later, you might choose to do some personal research into the work. It can further increase your enjoyment and appreciation for it. Yet it is best done when you’re away from the art itself, so that even when you return, the work still feels fresh.(有人认为，要欣赏艺术作品，就必须被灌输各种相关的惊人知识，这是一种错误观念。我们接触艺术作品的最初体验，应该是本真的、没有引导的，甚至略带困惑，就像在林间循着小路前行。之后，你可以选择亲自去探究这件作品，这会进一步提升你对它的喜爱与理解。但最好在离开画作之后再做这些事，这样当你再次回望时，作品依然能带给你新鲜感。)”可知，第四段主要阐述了欣赏艺术作品应先直观感受，再进行课外研究，核心讲如何欣赏艺术作品。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Later, you might choose to do some personal research into the work. It can further increase your enjoyment and appreciation for it.(之后，你可以选择亲自去探究这件作品，这会进一步提升你对它的喜爱与理解。)”以及第五段“Let the paintings flow in; let your intuitions (直觉) fly off.(让画作直击内心，让直觉自由驰骋。)”可知，研究和直觉都有助于理解艺术。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Anyone who thinks knowing some dates and details makes you better understand a work of art is wrong. We all need to put aside our screens and our supposed knowledge when we look at art. Let the paintings flow in; let your intuitions (直觉) fly off. Art is a journey in the wilderness or it is nothing at all.(任何认为记住一些日期和细节就能更好地理解艺术作品的想法都是错误的。欣赏艺术时，我们都应放下电子屏幕和所谓的知识储备，让画作直击内心，让直觉自由驰骋。艺术本就是一场旷野中的心灵之旅，否则便毫无意义。)”以及全文内容可知，作者认为欣赏艺术应保持直观、本真的感受，不必急于被灌输知识，艺术在保留神秘感时最美。故选B。 Passage 5 Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have long dreamed of tools to supercharge science-asking novel questions, designing and running experiments. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science? For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models. But the complexity of science makes assessing their aptitude especially challenging. As Hao Peng, a computer scientist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, puts it: “Models have all this knowledge. Do they know how to use it?” Dozens of new science-focused benchmarks have emerged over the past year to answer that question, but scientists have yet to settle on a single best approach. One of the most popular, published in Nature, is Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE). It uses 2500 questions drawn from “the frontier of human knowledge” to put LLMs through their paces. One, for example, asks how many types of sensory receptors the human skin contains. “We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer. Since the HLE first appeared as a preprint in January 2025, the benchmark has become an important proving ground for LLMs and HLE scores are now a common talking point for AI companies seeking to highlight the capabilities of their products. At the HLE’s launch, the leading developer OpenAI of model won the best score at a mere 8.3%. Earlier this month, Google claimed that its latest reasoning model for science, called Gemini 3 Deep Think, had achieved a new record HLE score of 48.4%. But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?” 1．What does the underlined word “aptitude” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Knowledge. B．Competence. C．Speed. D．Interest. 2．What does Long Phan stress about HLE? A．Its topic diversity. B．Experts’ involvement in it. C．The expertise of its dataset. D．Its data-backed popularity. 3．Why does the author mention “a Nature editorial” in the last paragraph? A．To show that HLE is widely accepted by the scientific community. B．To prove that AI companies rely too much on benchmark scores. C．To explain how HLE was developed with the help of experts. D．To present a critical perspective on whether HLE truly measures meaningful research. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Can AI Really Think Like a Scientist? B．Are We Asking the Right Questions About AI? C．Is HLE the Right Tool to Test AI? D．Do High Scores Mean Real Progress? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨如何测评 AI 的科研能力，热门测评标准 HLE 被广泛使用且 AI 分数大幅提升，但它侧重冷门知识，无法真正衡量专业科研思维，遭到不少科学家质疑。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“For answers, researchers turn to benchmarks (基准): standardized sets of questions or tasks that help measure an AI’s efficiency and reliability and compare it against other models.( 为寻找答案，研究人员转向了基准测试：标准化的一系列问题或任务，用于衡量 AI 的效率和可靠性，并将其与其他模型进行比较。)”以及划线单词句中“But the complexity of science makes assessing their … especially challenging.( 但科学的复杂性使得评估它们的……尤其具有挑战性。)”可知，前文讲述要用基准测试衡量 AI 的效率、可靠性，判断其能否真正从事科学研究。aptitude 此处指“能力、才干”，和B选项Competence“能力”意思相近。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““We wanted a diverse dataset that only experts who have been working on a field for a long time can answer,” says Long Phan, a research engineer with the HLE’s developer.( “我们希望获得一个内容多样、只有长期从事某一领域研究的专家才能解答的数据集，”HLE的开发者之一Long Phan说道。)”可推知，Long Phan 强调 HLE 的题库门槛极高，只有深耕领域的专业人士才能作答，突出数据集的专业度。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But some scientists argue that many of the HLE’s questions test for little-known or even useless knowledge, rather than an ability to do meaningful research. A Nature editorial accompanying the HLE’s publication also raised this issue: “We think that more scientists should be asking: What would it take to develop an AI benchmark that truly measures expert-level thinking?”(但一些科学家认为，HLE 的许多问题所测试的只是鲜为人知甚至毫无用处的知识，而非进行有意义研究的能力。与 HLE 发布相关的《自然》杂志的一篇社论也提出了这一问题：“我们认为，更多的科学家应该思考：要开发一个真正能衡量专家思维水平的 AI 基准，需要具备哪些条件？”)”可知，本段先提出部分科学家质疑：HLE 侧重冷门无用知识，而非科研能力；再引用《自然》社论，呼吁研发真正衡量高阶思维的 AI 测评标准。由此可知，引用社论是为补充批判视角，质疑 HLE 能否有效衡量真正的科研能力。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made discoveries that some AI developers claim have inched us closer to that future. But how do you test whether an AI model can truly do science?( 最近，大型语言模型（LLM）取得了多项发现，一些 AI 开发者声称这些发现使我们离那个未来又近了一步。但如何检验一个 AI 模型是否真的能够进行科学研究呢？)”可知，本文探讨如何测评 AI 的科研能力，热门测评标准 HLE 被广泛使用且 AI 分数大幅提升，但它侧重冷门知识，无法真正衡量专业科研思维，遭到不少科学家质疑。全文核心围绕：HLE 是否是测试 AI 科研能力的合适工具展开。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“HLE 是否是测试人工智能的合适工具？”。故选C项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $