Unit 1 Look it up ! 单元检测 新八年级英语暑假预习新教材沪教版

**基本信息** 本单元卷为初中英语Unit 1自我检测，满分110分，通过科技前沿（如深海科学家杜梦然）、文化传承（如百科全书历史）等真实情境，融合语言能力与思维品质，适配暑假巩固提升。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10题/15分|形容词最高级、时态等基础语法|以莎士比亚生平为载体，考查语法在语篇中的应用| |完形填空|10题/10分|词汇辨析、上下文逻辑|聚焦深海探测突破，渗透科学探究精神| |阅读理解|35题/45分|细节理解、推理判断、信息匹配|涵盖百科全书发展、霍金等名人故事，培养文化意识与跨文本分析能力| |阅读回答问题|5题/10分|信息提取、观点表达|围绕梁启超等人物品质设问，提升批判性思维| |书面表达|1题/15分|人物介绍、语言组织|以黄旭华事迹为素材，融合家国情怀与语言输出能力|

Unit 1 Look it up自我检测 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为110分，考试时间为100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（70分） 一、语法选择（15分） William Shakespeare is considered one of the 1 writers in history. He spent his childhood in 2 small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. Not much is known about his early life, but we know that he 3 a good education at the local grammar school. Later, he moved to London to work in the theater. His plays soon became very popular with people from all social classes (阶层). He was excellent at 4 stories that interested both common people and the king. Shakespeare's plays are read by millions of people even today. In his tragedies (悲剧), the characters often have to make 5 choices between love and duty. Besides the famous tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”, he wrote many 6 powerful plays. This particular (独特的) love story remains popular worldwide, though the young lovers die in the end. However, their death helps their families understand the meaning of love and forgiveness, and finally their families stop 7 with each other. Shakespeare also had a special ability to write about human feelings. 8 he died in 1616, his works are still alive today. You can find his plays in almost every language. People around the world still enjoy 9 his plays. We must remember this great writer for his wonderful contribution to literature (文学). Learning about his life helps us 10 his works better. 1. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. greatly 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. receives B. receive C. received D. was received 4. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. writing 5. A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. more difficult 6. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 7. A. fight B. fought C. to fight D. fighting 8. A. Because B. If C. Though D. Unless 9. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 10. A. understand B. understands C. understood D. understanding 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A 【解析】本文介绍了莎士比亚的生平、成就及其作品的影响，展现了他作为文学巨匠的地位。 1. 句意：威廉・莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一。 “one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，因此用greatest。 2. 句意：他在埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一个小镇上度过了童年。 small town是第一次出现的单数可数名词，用不定冠词a修饰。 3. 句意：关于他的早年生活我们知之甚少，但我们知道他在当地语法学校接受了良好的教育。 本文叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语he和receive之间是主动关系，用received。 4. 句意：他擅长写能吸引平民和国王的故事。 be excellent at doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“擅长做某事”，因此用writing。 5. 句意：在他的悲剧中，角色们常常不得不在爱与责任之间做出艰难的选择。 此处修饰名词choices，需用形容词difficult。 6. 句意：除了著名的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，他还写了许多其他强有力的戏剧。 many other+复数名词表示“许多其他的……”，other后可接名词。 7. 句意：然而，他们的死亡帮助家人理解爱与宽恕的意义，最终他们的家人停止了互相争斗。 stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，因此用fighting。 8. 句意：尽管他于 1616 年去世，但他的作品至今仍鲜活。 前后句为转折关系，用though引导让步状语从句。 9. 句意：世界各地的人们仍然喜欢阅读他的戏剧。 enjoy doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”，因此用reading。 10. 句意：了解他的生平有助于我们更好地理解他的作品。 help sb. (to) do sth.是固定搭配，表示“帮助某人做某事”，因此用understand。 二、完形填空（10分） “The best way to know the unknown is to go there, experience it and feel it with your heart,” Du Mengran told Nature. As a talented deep-sea scientist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, she ____11___ herself to uncovering ocean depths' mysteries. Called a “deep diver” by the famous science journal, the 38-year-old Chinese scientist played a big role in the discovery of the world's deepest-known animal ecosystem(生态系统)—a major ____12___ in marine science. She was recently named on Nature's 2025 list of 10 science-shaping people, along with DeepSeek founder Liang Wenfeng. This honor filled her with___13____, not just for herself but for her entire exploration team. Responsible for leading deep-sea missions, Du has dived with submersibles since 2016. In 2024, she led 24 dives in the northern Pacific with Fendouzhe, where they recorded a unique ecosystem that ____14__ seabed chemicals like methane instead of sunlight. This year, the team found more such ecosystems in the southern Pacific. “We once thought nothing could___15___in such harsh conditions, so this discovery ___16____ changed our understanding,” Du said. ____17____ diving is challenging, she and her team maintain a ___18____ attitude. Ocean-floor pressure is 1,000 times that at sea level, so Fendouzhe is made of titanium (钛)to___19___ being crushed. The 1.8-meter-wide submersible holds three scientists, and seasickness is common. “I couldn't celebrate my Nature honor as I worried about my team's seasickness,” she recalled. Yet deep-sea exploration brings great ____20_____to human being, as it may answer profound questions like the origin of life. For Du, this makes all hard work very valuable. 11. A. spends B. devotes C. takes D. focuses 12. A. conclusion B. advantage C. improvement D. breakthrough 13. A. courage B. confidence C. pride D. praise 14. A. decides on B. locates on C. carries on D. tries on 15. A. escape B. remain C. continue D. survive 16. A. smoothly B. eventually C. hardly D. completely 17. A. Although B. Because C. When D. Unless 18. A. negative B. positive C. possible D. perfect 19. A. eased B. canceled C. treated D. avoid 20. A. purposes B. efforts C. benefit D. results 【答案】BDCAD DABDC 【解析】本文介绍深海科学家杜梦然的科研成就，讲述她带领团队探索深海生态系统的艰辛过程、重大发现，以及这项研究对人类探索生命起源的深远意义。 11.B句意：作为中国科学院一位才华横溢的深海科学家，她致力于揭开深海的奥秘。 A. spends 花费（时间 / 金钱）；B. devotes 致力于；献身于；C. takes 花费（时间）；D. focuses 集中（注意力） devote oneself to doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “致力于做某事”，符合本句结构和语义；其他选项搭配不当，spend 常用 spend time on sth.，take 常用 It takes sb. time to do sth.，focus 常用 focus on sth.。 12.D句意：这位 38 岁的中国科学家在发现全球已知最深的动物生态系统中发挥了重要作用 —— 这是海洋科学领域的一项重大突破。 A. conclusion 结论；B. advantage 优势；C. improvement 改进；D. breakthrough 突破 发现全球最深的动物生态系统属于科研领域的开创性成果，breakthrough 表示 “突破性进展”，契合语境；其他选项均无法体现该发现的重大价值。 13.C 句意：这项荣誉让她充满自豪，这份自豪不仅属于她自己，也属于她整个勘探团队。 A. courage 勇气；B. confidence 信心；C. pride 自豪；D. praise 赞扬 fill sb. with pride 是常用搭配，意为 “使某人充满自豪”，符合获得荣誉后的心情；其他选项代入句中语义不通顺。 14.A 句意：2024 年，她带领团队乘坐 “奋斗者号” 在北太平洋完成了 24 次下潜，在那里他们记录了一个独特的生态系统 —— 该系统依靠甲烷等海底化学物质而非阳光生存。 A. decides on 决定；B. locates on 位于……；C. carries on 继续；D. tries on 试穿 depend on 能准确描述这个深海生态系统的能量来源，符合科学发现的语境；其他选项语义与句子逻辑不匹配。 15.D 句意：我们曾经以为，在如此恶劣的环境中没有任何生物能够存活，所以这项发现彻底改变了我们的认知。 A. escape 逃跑；B. remain 留下；保持；C. continue 继续；D. survive 存活；幸存 survive 强调 “在极端恶劣条件下生存”，符合深海高压、无光的环境特点；其他选项无法表达 “生物在严苛环境中存活” 的含义。 16.D 句意：我们曾经以为，在如此恶劣的环境中没有任何生物能够存活，所以这项发现彻底改变了我们的认知。 A. smoothly 顺利地；B. eventually 最终；C. hardly 几乎不；D. completely 彻底地 completely 修饰动词 changed，表示 “彻底改变”，突出该发现对原有认知的颠覆性；其他选项程度或语义不符合语境。 17.A 句意：尽管深海下潜充满挑战，但她和她的团队依然保持着积极的态度。 A. Although 尽管；B. Because 因为；C. When 当…… 时；D. Unless 除非 句子前后是让步转折关系，although 引导让步状语从句，符合逻辑；其他选项分别表原因、时间、条件，均不匹配。 18.B 句意：尽管深海下潜充满挑战，但她和她的团队依然保持着积极的态度。 A. negative 消极的；B. positive 积极的；C. possible 可能的；D. perfect 完美的 maintain a positive attitude 是固定搭配，意为 “保持积极态度”，契合 “面对挑战不退缩” 的语境；其他选项不符合句意。 19.D 句意：海底的压力是海平面压力的 1000 倍，因此 “奋斗者号” 采用钛合金材质，以避免被压垮。 A. eased 缓解；B. canceled 取消；C. treated 治疗；处理；D. avoid 避免 avoid being crushed 表示 “避免被压垮”，准确说明钛合金材质抵御深海高压的作用；其他选项语义与句子逻辑不符。 20.C 句意：然而，深海探索能给人类带来极大的益处，因为它或许能解答诸如生命起源这类深奥的问题。 A. purposes 目的；B. efforts 努力；C. benefit 益处；D. results 结果 bring great benefit to sb. 是固定搭配，意为 “给某人带来极大益处”，符合深海探索的科学价值定位；其他选项不符合搭配和语义。 三、阅读理解（45分） 第一节、阅读选择（30分） A ① Throughout history, people have always looked for knowledge. This led to the creation of many important encyclopaedias. Ancient Rome ② The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny. He wrote about his knowledge of ancient Rome. Although many of his writings were true, some were hard to believe, like the Sciapodae people with one foot as big as an umbrella! However, Pliny never finished improving his work because he went to Pompeii in 79 A. D. to visit Mount Vesuvius and died in the eruption (火山爆发). Ancient China ③ From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Chinese government asked many clever people to make encyclopaedias. In the 11th century, they wrote Four Great Books of Song to collect all the information about the new Song dynasty. In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later. Enlightenment Ideas (启蒙思想） ④ When printing became common, encyclopaedias grew popular and important. During the Enlightenment, a famous encyclopaedia called Encyclopédie came out in France in 1751. Editor Diderot wanted it to “change the way people think” and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命). The Internet Age ⑤ As the world went online, knowledge grew, too. Internet encyclopaedias started in the early1990s. By 2001, Wikipedia came out. In 2004, it became the biggest encyclopaedia with 300, 000 articles. By 2022, it had 6.5 million articles with pictures, videos, and more, making a lot of information easy to find online. 21 . What was the earliest encyclopaedia on record? A. Natural History. B. Four Great Books of Song. C. Encyclopédie. D. Yongle Encyclopaedia. 22. What was the largest encyclopaedia worldwide in the early 1980s? A. Wikipedia. B. Four Great Books of Song. C. Encyclopaedia Britannica. D. Yongle Encyclopaedia. 23. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. French people were stupid at that time. B. Encyclopédie was an English encyclopaedia. C. Encyclopédie challenged the traditions of its time. D. The development of printing did not help people learn. 24. What can we learn from the history of encyclopaedias? A. People have never stopped looking for and sharing knowledge. B. Only intelligent and knowledgeable people can make encyclopaedias. C. Europe was the world’s education centre over the past two thousand years. D. Europeans and Chinese could not exchange information until the Internet age. 25. Where can you most probably find this article? A. From a story book. B. From an art magazine. C. From a newspaper. D. From a learning website. 【答案】21 . A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 【解析】本文主要介绍了一些百科全书的发展历史。 21 . 细节理解题。根据“The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny.”可知，最早的百科全书是《自然史》。故选A。 22. 细节理解题。根据“In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later.”可知，直到维基百科出现之前，《永乐大典》是最大的百科全书。故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据“Editor Diderot wanted it to ‘change the way people think’ and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命).”可知，大百科全书鼓励人们质疑国王的统治，表明其挑战了当时的传统。故选C。 24. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了不论是东方还是西方，不论何种时代，人们一直都在编纂作为知识象征的百科全书，所以本文隐含的主旨是：人们从未停止对知识的追求。故选A。 25. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了百科全书的发展历史，最这篇文章有可能出现在学习网站上。故选D。 B Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to help stop people from hunger and helping to feed our country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, who studies medicine, took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates did different kinds of experiments (试验). However, the results were not so good. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2012, at the age of 85, she received Noble Prize. Sometimes, their success was big surprise after working for a long time. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, “When I woke up very early on the morning of 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to change all medicine completely by discovering the world’s first antibiotic (抗生素). But I guess that was what I did.” Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2, 000 artworks in the following 10 years. Now his paintings sell for millions of pounds. One thing all these people have in common is keeping working for their goals(目标) no matter how hard they are. 26. What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common? A. They achieved a lot in the medical field. B. They spent all their lives serving people. C. They succeeded in solving world problems. D. They were all interested in the same hobby. 27. The underlined phrase deformed his fingers means ________. A. changing the shape of his fingers B. making his fingers stronger C. making his fingers quicker D. cutting off his fingers 28. When Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, he ________. A. felt too tired to stay at home B. didn’t fully realize its importance C. knew what his success really meant D. found he would make much money 29. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage? A. Wu Mengchao trained nearly 16, 000 doctors in the world. B. It took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal. C. Pablo Picasso became famous after his death. D. Vincent Gogh painted 2,000 artworks and became rich by selling them. 30. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Well begun is half done. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Great achievements aren’t made overnight. D. One tree doesn’t make a forest. 【答案】26. B 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 【解析】本文主要讲述了伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，所有这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。 26. 细节理解题。根据文中“Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce (减少) world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.”及“It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.”可知，袁隆平和吴孟超他们一生都在为人民服务。故选B。 27. 词义猜测题。根据“Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time … but he still kept doing operations”可猜测，意为长时间握手术刀导致他的手变形了。故选A。28. 推理判断题。根据“I certainly didn’t plan to change all medicine completely by discovering the world’s first antibiotic”可知他当时没有意识到通过发现世界上第一种抗生素来彻底改变所有的医学，所以当时没有意识到它的重要性。故选B。 29. 推理判断题。根据文中“In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria...Finally, in 1972, they made it!”可知，他们从1969年到1972年，花了三年的时间实现了目标，故选B。 30. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.”及最后一段“One thing all these people have in common is keeping working for their goals(目标) no matter how hard they are”可知，通过介绍这些伟人的故事，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，故选C。 C On March 14 in 2018, one of science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking, the world-famous scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK. Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theory became the important base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time（《时间简史》）， which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world, according to CNN. Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude. When Hawking was 21, he was told that he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.” he once said. Hawking travelled around the world to attend science meeting, visiting every continent, including Antarctica. He was also a fan of popular culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon. When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel into space one day. In 2013, Hawking spoke about how he felt life was unfair when he first knew his illness. “But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said peacefully. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the article? A. To tell us the brightest star went dark and Hawking died. B. To introduce Hawking’s famous book A Brief History of Time. C. To describe how Hawking overcame his serious physical illness. D. To introduce Hawking’s life to help people remember him. 32. How important is Hawking’s theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes? A. It helped him write all his books to help ordinary people understand the universe. B. A lot of research which came after the important theory later depends on it. C. It made his famous book sell more than 10 million copies all over the world. D. This achievement led him to become a strong and positive famous man. 33. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. He travelled around the world just in order to pay a visit to every continent. B. Although Hawking had a serious illness, he still had a wonderful and meaningful life. C. He was a fan of up-to-date culture and hosted TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. D. He was so positive and strong that he still felt satisfied when he was first told he had a serious illness. 34. What does Hawking mean by “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.”? A. Although one man has a disabled body, he can still have a strong will and positive attitude. B. If someone is physically ill, he can’t pay more money to treat his psychological disability. C. If one is physically disabled, he needn’t have psychological disability because it’s too much for him. D. Although one man has disabled illness, he can also be psychologically disabled in his life. 35. In what order did the following take place in the story? a. He said that he was happy with his life 50 years later. b. He had to sit in a wheelchair and began to use a computer to help him speak. c. He took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. d. He went up in a hot-air balloon. e. He couldn’t walk and talk at the age of 21. A. e-b-a-d-c B. a-e-b-d-c C. e-b-d-c-a D. a-e-d-b-e 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C 【详解】这篇短文主要讲述了霍金的生平经历 31. 主旨大意。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了霍金的生平，帮助人们记住他。故选D。 32. 细节理解。题干“霍金关于宇宙从大爆炸开始并将以黑洞结束的理论有多重要？” 根据文中He came up with the theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theory became the important base for a lot of later research.可知，后来许多研究都是基于这一重要理论。故选B。 33. 推理判断。根据题意可知是说不正确的。根据文中Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein.; Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude.可知，尽管霍金病得很重，但他仍然过着美好而有意义的生活。选项B是正确的。故选B。 34. 题干“霍金所说的“如果一个人身体残疾，他也不能承受心理上的残疾”是什么意思？” 根据文中Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude.可知，除了科学成就外，霍金也是一个意志坚强、态度积极的人。故选A。 35. 细节理解。题干“下面的故事是按什么顺序发生的？” 根据文中When Hawking was 21, he was told that he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking.; Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice.; He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon; When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness; When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness可知，他21岁时不能走路和说话。；他不得不坐在轮椅上，开始用电脑帮助他说话。；他乘热气球上去了。；他参加了一次失重飞行。；他说他对50年后的生活很满意。 故选C。 第二节、阅读填空（5分） Long before Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia Britannica, there was Historia Naturalis. Its writer was Pliny the Elder. Pliny worked hard and read a lot. His helper read to him while he was having meals and while he was bathing. 36 His helper even carried him around Rome in a chair while he was reading. He thought walking was a waste of time. 37 It was thought to be the oldest encyclopaedia in history. Historia Naturalis covered almost everything, from mice to Mars. “No Roman writer has completed such a project,” Pliny said proudly. Unluckily, two years after the encyclopaedia appeared, Pliny died. The world always changes, and accidents can hardly be stopped. 38 Editors of encyclopaedias like Pliny collect and write down the knowledge of our world. I think an encyclopaedia is not only a record of what its editors know, but also a record of what they don’t know. Pliny was wrong when he said there were seven planets, including the Sun and the Moon. 39 After all, Historia Naturalis was a book thousands of years ago. Those were all Pliny knew at that time. Similarly, both Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia Britannica have some wrong information. 40 Roger Lewinter, an American researcher, thinks encyclopaedias can’t record all human knowledge, but just some of it. They can never be completed. They are always waiting for someone—perhaps you—to improve them. A. Historia Naturalis came out in 77 AD. B. Pliny took notes carefully all the time. C. Luckily, these things can be written down. D. Even the best encyclopaedias only show what their editors know. E. He was also wrong when he said Africans were black because of the Sun. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. E 40. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古罗马学者老普林尼及其著作《自然史》的历史意义，并探讨百科全书在记录人类知识方面的局限性。 36. 根据“Pliny worked hard and read a lot. His helper read to him while he was having meals and while he was bathing.”可知，此处与普林尼随时都在学习有关。选项B“普林尼总是认真地做笔记。”符合语境。故选B。 37. 根据“It was thought to be the oldest encyclopaedia in history. Historia Naturalis covered almost everything, from mice to Mars.”可知，此处需补充《自然史》的成书时间。选项A“《自然史》出版于公元77年。”符合语境。故选A。 38. 根据“The world always changes, and accidents can hardly be stopped.”和“Editors of encyclopaedias like Pliny collect and write down the knowledge of our world.”可知，此处应承上启下，强调记录的意义。选项C“幸运的是，这些东西可以被写下来。”符合语境。故选C。 39. 根据“Pliny was wrong when he said there were seven planets, including the Sun and the Moon.”可知，此处与错误说法有关。选项E“他说非洲人之所以黑是因为太阳，这也是错误的。”符合语境。故选E。 40. 根据“Similarly, both Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia Britannica have some wrong information.”可知，此处与百科全书的局限性有关。选项D“即使是最好的百科全书也只显示其编辑所知道的内容。”符合语境。故选D。 第三节、项目式情境（10分） 下面的材料A-F是几本百科全书的介绍。请根据下面对几位人物的描述，帮他们找到合适的百科全书。 41 Tom is a seven-year-old boy. He loves learning about the facts of animals and plants. He wants a children’s book with lots of pictures and easy-to-read information. 42 Anna likes reading articles about famous people and different countries. She wants a book that has lots of details and is easy to understand. 43 Wang Mei is a college student. She’s interested in both science and history. She wants a book that has lots of details and interesting information about these subjects. 44 Steve has an interest in Jewish history. He would like to learn more about Jewish culture and important events. 45 Lily wants to read a book that helps her learn about helping people and solving problems. She is interested in social work. A. The World Book Encyclopedia This is a big book with lots of pictures. It includes lots of information about countries and famous people. It is easy to read and understand. B. The Encyclopedia Britannica This is a very famous encyclopedia. It has lots of details (详情) and is good for learning about history and science. It is a little hard to read, but it has a lot of interesting information. C. The Usborne Children’s Encyclopedia This encyclopedia was made for kids. It has lots of fun facts and colorful pictures. It makes learning fun. D. The Encyclopedia of Social Work This is a book about social work. It has information about helping people and solving problems. It is good for people who want to learn about social work. E. The Encyclopedia of Judaism This is a book about Jewish (犹太人的) history and culture. It has lots of information about Jewish traditions and their impact (影响) on the world. It is good for people who want to learn about Jewish culture. F. The Encyclopedia of Culinary Arts This is a book about cooking and food. It has lots of recipes (食谱) and information about different types of food from around the world. It is good for people who love to cook and want to learn more about culinary traditions. 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. E 45. D 【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了六种百科全书（A-F）的特点及适用人群。 41. 根据“Tom is a seven-year-old boy. He loves learning about the facts of animals and plants. He wants a children’s book with lots of pictures and easy-to-read information.”可知，Tom是一个7岁男孩，喜欢了解动植物知识，想要一本有很多图片且信息易读的儿童读物。选项C“这本百科全书是为孩子们制作的。它有很多有趣的事实和彩色图片，让学习变得有趣。”与之匹配。故选C。 42. 根据“Anna likes reading articles about famous people and different countries. She wants a book that has lots of details and is easy to understand.”可知，Anna喜欢阅读关于名人和不同国家的文章，想要一本有很多细节且易于理解的书。选项A“这是一本有很多图片的大书。它包含很多关于国家和名人的信息。它易于阅读和理解。”与之匹配。故选A。 43. 根据“Wang Mei is a college student. She’s interested in both science and history. She wants a book that has lots of details and interesting information about these subjects.”可知，王梅是一名大学生，对科学和历史都感兴趣，想要一本有很多细节和关于这些学科有趣信息的书。选项B“这是一本非常著名的百科全书。它有很多细节，对学习历史和科学很有帮助。它读起来有点难，但有很多有趣的信息。”与之匹配。故选B。 44. 根据“Steve has an interest in Jewish history. He would like to learn more about Jewish culture and important events.”可知，Steve对犹太历史感兴趣，想了解更多关于犹太文化和重要事件的信息。选项E“这是一本关于犹太人历史和文化的书。它有很多关于犹太传统及其对世界影响的信息。对想了解犹太文化的人很有帮助。”与之匹配。故选E。 45. 根据“Lily wants to read a book that helps her learn about helping people and solving problems. She is interested in social work.”可知，Lily想读一本能帮助她了解帮助他人和解决问题的书，她对社会工作感兴趣。选项D“这是一本关于社会工作的书。它有关于帮助他人和解决问题的信息。对想了解社会工作的人很有帮助。”与之匹配。故选D。 第2卷 非选择题（共40分） 第一节、短文填词（5分） 第二节、阅读回答问题（10分） Liang Qichao educated his own children well. He set a good example for them and often communicated with them. If there were a talk across time and space, he would advise middle school students like this. Don’t be afraid of the difficulties in life. Never stop learning. You’ll get good results sooner or later. No matter where you go in the world, don’t forget your motherland. You have many chances and can go after your personal dreams anywhere, but you should always keep your homeland in your heart. It took Qian Xuesen five years to finally return to China from America and ten years to complete the rocket project. Mr. Qian put all his life into the endless outer space as the leader of China’s “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Project. He is known as the “father of China’s space program” and “king of rocket”. Qian Xuesen was so great a scientist, but he never stopped his research. He believed that there was no end to the exploration (探索) of science and truth, and said, “Nothing is final!” When Yuan Longping was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving (挨饿). To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments. He didn’t stop even when others told him he was wasting his time. Because of his research, China’s rice yields (产量) increased greatly. When hunger was no longer a problem in China, Mr. Yuan still spent all his time out in the experimental fields so that people could live a better life. 46. What advice would Liang Qichao give middle school students? 47. How long did it take Qian Xuesen to finally return to China from America? 48. What qualities (品质) do the three great people have in common (共有的)? 49. Why did Yuan Longping carry out rice experiments in fields when he was young? 50. As there are different situations in real life, do you agree that nothing is final? Please explain. 【答案】 46.He would advise them not to fear life’s difficulties, never to stop learning and never to forget their motherland wherever they go. 47. 5 years./Five years. 48. The spirit of never giving up when facing difficulties and the love for our country/China. 49. Because he saw many Chinese people starving and he wanted to make sure all people could have enough food to eat. 50. Nothing is final. We should always keep trying and never give up in the face of difficulty. As long as we treat them as challenges in life, we can finally overcome them and improve ourselves. （言之成理即可） 【解析】本文介绍梁启超，钱学森和袁隆平三位伟人。 46.提取人物观点细节，定位第一段引号后建议内容。原文三点：别怕困难、坚持学习、不忘祖国，答题需要精简整合； 47. 根据“It took Qian Xuesen five years to finally return to China from America”可知，钱学森花了5年时间才从美国回到中国，故填5 years./Five years. 48. 根据“Don’t be afraid of the difficulties in life. ... but you should always keep your homeland in your heart”，“It took Qian Xuesen five years to finally return to China from America and ten years to complete the rocket project.”和“ To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments. ... When hunger was no longer a problem in China, Mr. Yuan still spent all his time out in the experimental fields so that people could live a better life.”可知，三位伟人都面对困难永不放弃，并且深深地热爱我们的祖国。故填The spirit of never giving up when facing difficulties and the love for our country/China. 49.Why 提问用 Because 回答，定位第三段前两句，To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments. 不定式表目的； 50. 本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：Nothing is final. We should always keep trying and never give up in the face of difficulty. As long as we treat them as challenges in life, we can finally overcome them and improve ourselves. 第三节、语法填空（10分） We should be brave to show our worth During the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), different states fought with each other. In 260 BC, the State of Qin beat the State of Zhao. However, Zhao refused to give in. In 259 BC, Qin surrounded Handan, Zhao's capital city. Handan was in great 51.___________(dangerous). Prince Pingyuan of Zhao decided _52._______( ask) the State of Chu for help, and he needed 20 skilled men. He found only 19 until a man called Mao Sui volunteered. The prince looked at Mao with doubt and asked, “How long have you served me?” “53.________ three years,” Mao replied. The prince said, “I hear that talent is like an awl in a bag; its tip pierces through. You've been here for a long time, but I've never heard of you. Maybe you are not that 54.__________ (talent)?” Mao replied, “Put me in that bag, and I'll pierce it 55._________(complete), not just the tip.” The prince was impressed and took him along. He led these twenty men to the State of Chu. However, the king didn’t want to help Zhao. Mao Sui was so brave 56. he walked to the king with a sword in his hand. The sword was 57. (shine) bright and the king was shocked and had to listen to Mao Sui. Mao Sui explained the 58. (important) of the friendship between Chu and Zhao. Finally, the king agreed to help Zhao. The good news 59.__________(excite) all the people of Zhao and Mao Sui became a hero of the state. This story reminds we that we should always believe in 60._________(we) like Mao Sui. Many people in the world are as smart as Mao, but not all of them have the courage and confidence that he had. When opportunities come, we should take them with confidence, just like Mao did. 【答案】51.danger 52.to ask 53. For 54. talented 55. completely 56.so 57.shining 58.importance 59. excited 60. Ourselves 【解析】战国时期秦国围赵都邯郸，平原君赴楚求救缺一人，毛遂自荐，以勇气说服楚王出兵，成为赵国英雄，故事告诫我们应像毛遂般勇敢展现自身价值、相信自己。 51.danger 句意：邯郸处于极大的危险之中。“in great + 名词” 为固定搭配，“dangerous” 是形容词，其名词形式为 “danger”，故填 danger。 52.to ask句意：赵国的平原君决定向楚国求救。“decide to do sth.” 是固定用法，意为 “决定做某事”，故填 to ask。 53.For 句意：“（已经）三年了。” 毛遂回答道。此处表示动作持续的时间，需用介词 “For”，用于回答 “How long” 引导的问句，句首首字母大写，故填 For。 54. talented 句意：或许你没那么有才华？“that” 在此处是副词，后接形容词；“talent” 是名词，其形容词形式为 “talented”（有才华的），故填 talented。 55. completely 句意：把我放进袋子里，我会彻底刺穿它，而不只是尖头。此处需用副词修饰动词 “pierce”，“complete” 是形容词，其副词形式为 “completely”（彻底地），故填 completely。 56.that 句意：毛遂如此勇敢，以至于他手持宝剑走向楚王。“so + 形容词 / 副词 + that...” 是固定句型，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，故填 that。 57. shining 句意：宝剑闪闪发光，楚王很震惊，不得不听毛遂说话。“was” 后接动词 - ing 形式构成过去进行时，强调当时 “正在发光” 的状态，“shine” 的 - ing 形式为 “shining”，故填 shining。 58. importance 句意：毛遂解释了楚赵两国友谊的重要性。“the + 名词 + of” 为固定结构，“important” 是形容词，其名词形式为 “importance”（重要性），故填 importance。 59. excited 句意：这个好消息让所有赵国人都很兴奋，毛遂成了赵国的英雄。文章讲述过去的故事，时态为一般过去时；“excite” 的过去式为 “excited”（使兴奋），符合 “消息让人们兴奋” 的语义，故填 excited。 60. ourselves 句意：这个故事提醒我们，我们应该像毛遂一样始终相信自己。主语是 “we”，此处需用反身代词表示 “相信我们自己”，“we” 的反身代词为 “ourselves”，故填 ourselves。 第三节、书面表达（15分） 下面内容是从《百科全书》上摘取的关于中国科学家黄旭华的介绍。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于黄旭华的短文 1.基本信息：中国科学家，1926年生于广东潮汕，2024年逝世。 2.成长背景：早年对科学和工程学极感兴趣。终生致力于中国核潜艇研究。 3.主要成就： 他在核潜艇（Nuclear Submarines）方面取得成功，使中国国防（national defense.）得到有 力的加强。 4.荣誉与影响：获得“共和国勋章”（the Medal of the Republic）被称为“中国核潜艇之父” （Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines ） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Huang Xuhua (1926-2024), a well-known Chinese scientist, was born in Guangdong Province. From an early age, he showed great interest in science and engineering, and he was unusually talented in solving difficult problems.​ He devoted his life to developing China’s first nuclear submarines. Building submarines was extremely challenging work, and he faced many problems. However, he never gave up. His efforts and knowledge played an important role in the success of China’s nuclear submarine project. Thanks to his work, China now has powerful submarines that can protect the country well, and his work has made great contributions to China’s national defense.​ Huang won many awards for his outstanding achievements. In 2019, he received the Medal of the Republic, one of China’s highest honours. People call him the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines” 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up自我检测 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为110分，考试时间为100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（70分） 一、语法选择（15分） William Shakespeare is considered one of the 1 writers in history. He spent his childhood in 2 small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. Not much is known about his early life, but we know that he 3 a good education at the local grammar school. Later, he moved to London to work in the theater. His plays soon became very popular with people from all social classes (阶层). He was excellent at 4 stories that interested both common people and the king. Shakespeare's plays are read by millions of people even today. In his tragedies (悲剧), the characters often have to make 5 choices between love and duty. Besides the famous tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”, he wrote many 6 powerful plays. This particular (独特的) love story remains popular worldwide, though the young lovers die in the end. However, their death helps their families understand the meaning of love and forgiveness, and finally their families stop 7 with each other. Shakespeare also had a special ability to write about human feelings. 8 he died in 1616, his works are still alive today. You can find his plays in almost every language. People around the world still enjoy 9 his plays. We must remember this great writer for his wonderful contribution to literature (文学). Learning about his life helps us 10 his works better. 1. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. greatly 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. A. receives B. receive C. received D. was received 4. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. writing 5. A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. more difficult 6. A. another B. other C. others D. the others 7. A. fight B. fought C. to fight D. fighting 8. A. Because B. If C. Though D. Unless 9. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 10. A. understand B. understands C. understood D. understanding 二、完形填空（10分） “The best way to know the unknown is to go there, experience it and feel it with your heart,” Du Mengran told Nature. As a talented deep-sea scientist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, she ____11___ herself to uncovering ocean depths' mysteries. Called a “deep diver” by the famous science journal, the 38-year-old Chinese scientist played a big role in the discovery of the world's deepest-known animal ecosystem(生态系统)—a major ____12___ in marine science. She was recently named on Nature's 2025 list of 10 science-shaping people, along with DeepSeek founder Liang Wenfeng. This honor filled her with___13____, not just for herself but for her entire exploration team. Responsible for leading deep-sea missions, Du has dived with submersibles since 2016. In 2024, she led 24 dives in the northern Pacific with Fendouzhe, where they recorded a unique ecosystem that ____14__ seabed chemicals like methane instead of sunlight. This year, the team found more such ecosystems in the southern Pacific. “We once thought nothing could___15___in such harsh conditions, so this discovery ___16____ changed our understanding,” Du said. ____17____ diving is challenging, she and her team maintain a ___18____ attitude. Ocean-floor pressure is 1,000 times that at sea level, so Fendouzhe is made of titanium (钛)to___19___ being crushed. The 1.8-meter-wide submersible holds three scientists, and seasickness is common. “I couldn't celebrate my Nature honor as I worried about my team's seasickness,” she recalled. Yet deep-sea exploration brings great ____20_____to human being, as it may answer profound questions like the origin of life. For Du, this makes all hard work very valuable. 11. A. spends B. devotes C. takes D. focuses 12. A. conclusion B. advantage C. improvement D. breakthrough 13. A. courage B. confidence C. pride D. praise 14. A. decides on B. locates on C. carries on D. tries on 15. A. escape B. remain C. continue D. survive 16. A. smoothly B. eventually C. hardly D. completely 17. A. Although B. Because C. When D. Unless 18. A. negative B. positive C. possible D. perfect 19. A. eased B. canceled C. treated D. avoid 20. A. purposes B. efforts C. benefit D. results 三、阅读理解（45分） 第一节、阅读选择（30分） A ① Throughout history, people have always looked for knowledge. This led to the creation of many important encyclopaedias. Ancient Rome ② The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny. He wrote about his knowledge of ancient Rome. Although many of his writings were true, some were hard to believe, like the Sciapodae people with one foot as big as an umbrella! However, Pliny never finished improving his work because he went to Pompeii in 79 A. D. to visit Mount Vesuvius and died in the eruption (火山爆发). Ancient China ③ From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Chinese government asked many clever people to make encyclopaedias. In the 11th century, they wrote Four Great Books of Song to collect all the information about the new Song dynasty. In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later. Enlightenment Ideas (启蒙思想） ④ When printing became common, encyclopaedias grew popular and important. During the Enlightenment, a famous encyclopaedia called Encyclopédie came out in France in 1751. Editor Diderot wanted it to “change the way people think” and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命). The Internet Age ⑤ As the world went online, knowledge grew, too. Internet encyclopaedias started in the early1990s. By 2001, Wikipedia came out. In 2004, it became the biggest encyclopaedia with 300, 000 articles. By 2022, it had 6.5 million articles with pictures, videos, and more, making a lot of information easy to find online. 21 . What was the earliest encyclopaedia on record? A. Natural History. B. Four Great Books of Song. C. Encyclopédie. D. Yongle Encyclopaedia. 22. What was the largest encyclopaedia worldwide in the early 1980s? A. Wikipedia. B. Four Great Books of Song. C. Encyclopaedia Britannica. D. Yongle Encyclopaedia. 23. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. French people were stupid at that time. B. Encyclopédie was an English encyclopaedia. C. Encyclopédie challenged the traditions of its time. D. The development of printing did not help people learn. 24. What can we learn from the history of encyclopaedias? A. People have never stopped looking for and sharing knowledge. B. Only intelligent and knowledgeable people can make encyclopaedias. C. Europe was the world’s education centre over the past two thousand years. D. Europeans and Chinese could not exchange information until the Internet age. 25. Where can you most probably find this article? A. From a story book. B. From an art magazine. C. From a newspaper. D. From a learning website. B Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to help stop people from hunger and helping to feed our country with the largest population. Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations (手术) during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.” In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, who studies medicine, took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates did different kinds of experiments (试验). However, the results were not so good. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2012, at the age of 85, she received Noble Prize. Sometimes, their success was big surprise after working for a long time. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, “When I woke up very early on the morning of 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to change all medicine completely by discovering the world’s first antibiotic (抗生素). But I guess that was what I did.” Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2, 000 artworks in the following 10 years. Now his paintings sell for millions of pounds. One thing all these people have in common is keeping working for their goals(目标) no matter how hard they are. 26. What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common? A. They achieved a lot in the medical field. B. They spent all their lives serving people. C. They succeeded in solving world problems. D. They were all interested in the same hobby. 27. The underlined phrase deformed his fingers means ________. A. changing the shape of his fingers B. making his fingers stronger C. making his fingers quicker D. cutting off his fingers 28. When Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, he ________. A. felt too tired to stay at home B. didn’t fully realize its importance C. knew what his success really meant D. found he would make much money 29. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage? A. Wu Mengchao trained nearly 16, 000 doctors in the world. B. It took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal. C. Pablo Picasso became famous after his death. D. Vincent Gogh painted 2,000 artworks and became rich by selling them. 30. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Well begun is half done. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Great achievements aren’t made overnight. D. One tree doesn’t make a forest. C On March 14 in 2018, one of science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking, the world-famous scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK. Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theory became the important base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time（《时间简史》）， which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world, according to CNN. Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude. When Hawking was 21, he was told that he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.” he once said. Hawking travelled around the world to attend science meeting, visiting every continent, including Antarctica. He was also a fan of popular culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon. When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel into space one day. In 2013, Hawking spoke about how he felt life was unfair when he first knew his illness. “But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said peacefully. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the article? A. To tell us the brightest star went dark and Hawking died. B. To introduce Hawking’s famous book A Brief History of Time. C. To describe how Hawking overcame his serious physical illness. D. To introduce Hawking’s life to help people remember him. 32. How important is Hawking’s theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes? A. It helped him write all his books to help ordinary people understand the universe. B. A lot of research which came after the important theory later depends on it. C. It made his famous book sell more than 10 million copies all over the world. D. This achievement led him to become a strong and positive famous man. 33. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. He travelled around the world just in order to pay a visit to every continent. B. Although Hawking had a serious illness, he still had a wonderful and meaningful life. C. He was a fan of up-to-date culture and hosted TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. D. He was so positive and strong that he still felt satisfied when he was first told he had a serious illness. 34. What does Hawking mean by “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.”? A. Although one man has a disabled body, he can still have a strong will and positive attitude. B. If someone is physically ill, he can’t pay more money to treat his psychological disability. C. If one is physically disabled, he needn’t have psychological disability because it’s too much for him. D. Although one man has disabled illness, he can also be psychologically disabled in his life. 35. In what order did the following take place in the story? a. He said that he was happy with his life 50 years later. b. He had to sit in a wheelchair and began to use a computer to help him speak. c. He took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. d. He went up in a hot-air balloon. e. He couldn’t walk and talk at the age of 21. A. e-b-a-d-c B. a-e-b-d-c C. e-b-d-c-a D. a-e-d-b-e 第二节、阅读填空（5分） Long before Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia Britannica, there was Historia Naturalis. Its writer was Pliny the Elder. Pliny worked hard and read a lot. His helper read to him while he was having meals and while he was bathing. 36 His helper even carried him around Rome in a chair while he was reading. He thought walking was a waste of time. 37 It was thought to be the oldest encyclopaedia in history. Historia Naturalis covered almost everything, from mice to Mars. “No Roman writer has completed such a project,” Pliny said proudly. Unluckily, two years after the encyclopaedia appeared, Pliny died. The world always changes, and accidents can hardly be stopped. 38 Editors of encyclopaedias like Pliny collect and write down the knowledge of our world. I think an encyclopaedia is not only a record of what its editors know, but also a record of what they don’t know. Pliny was wrong when he said there were seven planets, including the Sun and the Moon. 39 After all, Historia Naturalis was a book thousands of years ago. Those were all Pliny knew at that time. Similarly, both Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia Britannica have some wrong information. 40 Roger Lewinter, an American researcher, thinks encyclopaedias can’t record all human knowledge, but just some of it. They can never be completed. They are always waiting for someone—perhaps you—to improve them. A. Historia Naturalis came out in 77 AD. B. Pliny took notes carefully all the time. C. Luckily, these things can be written down. D. Even the best encyclopaedias only show what their editors know. E. He was also wrong when he said Africans were black because of the Sun. 第三节、项目式情境（10分） 下面的材料A-F是几本百科全书的介绍。请根据下面对几位人物的描述，帮他们找到合适的百科全书。 41 Tom is a seven-year-old boy. He loves learning about the facts of animals and plants. He wants a children’s book with lots of pictures and easy-to-read information. 42 Anna likes reading articles about famous people and different countries. She wants a book that has lots of details and is easy to understand. 43 Wang Mei is a college student. She’s interested in both science and history. She wants a book that has lots of details and interesting information about these subjects. 44 Steve has an interest in Jewish history. He would like to learn more about Jewish culture and important events. 45 Lily wants to read a book that helps her learn about helping people and solving problems. She is interested in social work. A. The World Book Encyclopedia This is a big book with lots of pictures. It includes lots of information about countries and famous people. It is easy to read and understand. B. The Encyclopedia Britannica This is a very famous encyclopedia. It has lots of details (详情) and is good for learning about history and science. It is a little hard to read, but it has a lot of interesting information. C. The Usborne Children’s Encyclopedia This encyclopedia was made for kids. It has lots of fun facts and colorful pictures. It makes learning fun. D. The Encyclopedia of Social Work This is a book about social work. It has information about helping people and solving problems. It is good for people who want to learn about social work. E. The Encyclopedia of Judaism This is a book about Jewish (犹太人的) history and culture. It has lots of information about Jewish traditions and their impact (影响) on the world. It is good for people who want to learn about Jewish culture. F. The Encyclopedia of Culinary Arts This is a book about cooking and food. It has lots of recipes (食谱) and information about different types of food from around the world. It is good for people who love to cook and want to learn more about culinary traditions. 第2卷 非选择题（共40分） 第一节、短文填词（5分） 第二节、阅读回答问题（10分） Liang Qichao educated his own children well. He set a good example for them and often communicated with them. If there were a talk across time and space, he would advise middle school students like this. Don’t be afraid of the difficulties in life. Never stop learning. You’ll get good results sooner or later. No matter where you go in the world, don’t forget your motherland. You have many chances and can go after your personal dreams anywhere, but you should always keep your homeland in your heart. It took Qian Xuesen five years to finally return to China from America and ten years to complete the rocket project. Mr. Qian put all his life into the endless outer space as the leader of China’s “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Project. He is known as the “father of China’s space program” and “king of rocket”. Qian Xuesen was so great a scientist, but he never stopped his research. He believed that there was no end to the exploration (探索) of science and truth, and said, “Nothing is final!” When Yuan Longping was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving (挨饿). To make sure everyone had enough to eat, he worked in the fields for many years doing experiments. He didn’t stop even when others told him he was wasting his time. Because of his research, China’s rice yields (产量) increased greatly. When hunger was no longer a problem in China, Mr. Yuan still spent all his time out in the experimental fields so that people could live a better life. 46. What advice would Liang Qichao give middle school students? 47. How long did it take Qian Xuesen to finally return to China from America? 48. What qualities (品质) do the three great people have in common (共有的)? 49. Why did Yuan Longping carry out rice experiments in fields when he was young? 50. As there are different situations in real life, do you agree that nothing is final? Please explain. 第三节、语法填空（10分） We should be brave to show our worth During the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), different states fought with each other. In 260 BC, the State of Qin beat the State of Zhao. However, Zhao refused to give in. In 259 BC, Qin surrounded Handan, Zhao's capital city. Handan was in great 51.___________(dangerous). Prince Pingyuan of Zhao decided _52._______( ask) the State of Chu for help, and he needed 20 skilled men. He found only 19 until a man called Mao Sui volunteered. The prince looked at Mao with doubt and asked, “How long have you served me?” “53.________ three years,” Mao replied. The prince said, “I hear that talent is like an awl in a bag; its tip pierces through. You've been here for a long time, but I've never heard of you. Maybe you are not that 54.__________ (talent)?” Mao replied, “Put me in that bag, and I'll pierce it 55._________(complete), not just the tip.” The prince was impressed and took him along. He led these twenty men to the State of Chu. However, the king didn’t want to help Zhao. Mao Sui was so brave 56. he walked to the king with a sword in his hand. The sword was 57. (shine) bright and the king was shocked and had to listen to Mao Sui. Mao Sui explained the 58. (important) of the friendship between Chu and Zhao. Finally, the king agreed to help Zhao. The good news 59.__________(excite) all the people of Zhao and Mao Sui became a hero of the state. This story reminds we that we should always believe in 60._________(we) like Mao Sui. Many people in the world are as smart as Mao, but not all of them have the courage and confidence that he had. When opportunities come, we should take them with confidence, just like Mao did. 第三节、书面表达（15分） 下面内容是从《百科全书》上摘取的关于中国科学家黄旭华的介绍。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于黄旭华的短文 1.基本信息：中国科学家，1926年生于广东潮汕，2024年逝世。 2.成长背景：早年对科学和工程学极感兴趣。终生致力于中国核潜艇研究。 3.主要成就： 他在核潜艇（Nuclear Submarines）方面取得成功，使中国国防（national defense.）得到有 力的加强。 4.荣誉与影响：获得“共和国勋章”（the Medal of the Republic）被称为“中国核潜艇之父” （Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines ） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $