Unit 1 Water（暑假单元自测）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制上册

**基本信息** U1暑假单元自测卷（初中英语）以环保为核心主题，融合水资源保护、亚马逊雨林等社会热点，通过多样题型考查语言能力与环保意识，适配暑假单元复习与核心素养培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10分|代词、时态、非谓语等|语境化短文（李明写信反映河流污染），考查语法在连贯语篇中的应用| |补全对话|10分|环保采访交际用语|创设记者访谈情境，考查疑问句、附加问句等功能句型，提升语言运用能力| |阅读理解|20分|书籍匹配、亚马逊雨林现状|A篇通过书籍介绍培养信息匹配能力，B篇分析雨林危机，渗透思维品质与文化意识| |书面表达|23分|篇章结构与环保建议|以“节约用水的重要性”为题，结合提示问题引导综合输出，强化语言能力与社会责任感|

U1暑假单元自测卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意：本卷试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在练习卷上不给分。 一、语法选择(共10分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Dear Editor, My name is Li Ming. 1 am a student from Guangzhou. I live near a beautiful river. It used to be very clean, but now things are different. My father 2 a fisherman. He tells me that the river was full of fish before. He loves 3 me stories about the old days. I am writing to you 4 I want to ask for help. The river near my home is in danger. Factories and farms pollute the water every day. Many fish have left the river. Some of them have already 5 . Local people are trying to protect the river. They pick up rubbish along the riverbank every weekend. But the pollution from factories is still a big problem. The government 6 some new rules last year, but they didn’t work very well. What is even 7 , some people still throw dirty things into the river. When will they realize that we cannot live 8 clean water? I don’t know 9 to make them stop. How I wish everyone could work together to save our river. Please help us 10 the water clean! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 1．A．My B．Mine C．I D．Me 2．A．is B．are C．am D．be 3．A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．tells 4．A．so B．but C．because D．if 5．A．die B．died C．dead D．dying 6．A．make B．makes C．made D．will make 7．A．bad B．worse C．good D．better 8．A．with B．for C．about D．without 9．A．what B．how C．when D．where 10．A．keep B．keeps C．Keeping D．kept 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了李明写信给编辑，描述家乡河流受污染现状，讲述父亲回忆及政府措施，呼吁大家共同努力保护水资源，寻求帮助。 【详解】1．句意：我是来自广州的一名学生。 主语位置应用主格“I”。“My”形容词性物主代词，“Mine”名词性物主代词，“Me”宾格，均不符合。 2．句意：我的父亲是一名渔民。 主语“My father”是第三人称单数，be动词用“is”。“are”用于复数或you，“am”与I连用，“be”是原形，均不符合。 3．句意：他喜欢给我讲过去的故事。 “love doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“喜欢做某事”，用动名词“telling”。“tell”是原形，“tells”是三单形式，均不符合。“to tell”是不定式，也可接在“love”后面，但更侧重于一次性或特定环境下，本句中用“love doing”表示习惯性的爱好更合适。 4．句意：我写信给你是因为我想寻求帮助。 前后是因果关系，“我想寻求帮助”是原因，用“because”引导原因状语从句。“so”所以表结果，“but”但是表转折，“if”如果表条件，均不符合。 5．句意：其中一些已经死了。 “already”提示用现在完成时“have + 过去分词”，“have already died”意为“已经死了”，故选died。“die”是原形，“dead”是形容词，“dying”是现在分词，均不符合。 6．句意：去年政府制定了一些新规则。 “last year”表示过去时间，用一般过去时“made”。“make”是原形，“makes”是三单形式，“will make”是一般将来时，均不符合。 7．句意：更糟糕的是，一些人仍然往河里扔脏东西。 根据前文政府规则效果不佳，以及后文人们乱扔垃圾，情况在恶化，用比较级“worse”表示“更糟的”，what’s even worse“更糟糕的是”。“bad”是原级，“good”好的，“better”更好的，均不符合。 8．句意：他们什么时候才能意识到没有干净的水我们就无法生存？ “without clean water”意为“没有干净的水”，符合语境，故选without。“with”有/和……一起，“for”为了，“about”关于，均不符合。 9．句意：我不知道如何让他们停止。 “how to make them stop”意为“如何让他们停止”，疑问词+不定式结构，表示方式方法，故选how。“what”什么 ，“when”何时，“where”何地，均不符合。 10．句意：请帮助我们保持水的清洁！ “help sb. do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，用动词原形“keep”。“keeps”是三单形式，“keeping”是动名词，“kept”是过去式，均不符合。 二、选词填空(共5分) A．discussed    B．familiar    C． rarely   D．unlikely   E. teamwork No great invention comes into being by chance. Curiosity drives many young inventors. A group of middle school students, curious about how to reduce water waste at school, came up with a great idea. Problems that students are 11 with like dripping taps during hand-washing inspired their invention. With good 12 , they turned this idea into a practical device: a sensor-controlled faucet (水龙头) that shuts off automatically. Each member did their part—some researched water-saving tech, others designed the device, and others tested it. We 13 hear about successful inventors working alone, and this group is no exception. They 14 , adjusted, and helped each other through difficulties. Their invention cut the school’s water use by 30%. From the story, we can learn that it is 15 to create a really useful invention through individual effort. 【答案】11．B 12．E 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了一群中学生出于对减少学校水资源浪费的好奇，通过团队合作发明了自动关闭的传感器控制水龙头，从而减少了学校30%的用水量，并从中得出仅靠个人努力很难创造出真正有用的发明这一结论。 11．句意：学生们熟悉的问题，比如洗手时水龙头滴水，激发了他们的发明。根据“like dripping taps during hand-washing inspired their invention.”可知，此处是指学生们熟悉的问题，“be familiar with”表示“对……熟悉”，固定短语。故选B。 12．句意：凭借良好的团队合作，他们将这个想法变成了一个实用装置：一个自动关闭的传感器控制水龙头。根据“Each member did their part—some researched water-saving tech, others designed the device, and others tested it.”可知，此处是指凭借良好的团队合作，teamwork“团队合作”，不可数名词。故选E。 13．句意：我们很少听说成功的发明家独自工作，这个团队也不例外。根据“hear about successful inventors working alone, and this group is no exception.”可知，此处是指很少听说成功的发明家独自工作，rarely“很少”，副词修饰动词hear。故选C。 14．句意：他们讨论、调整，并互相帮助克服困难。根据“adjusted, and helped each other through difficulties.”可知，此处是指他们讨论、调整，并互相帮助克服困难，discussed“讨论”，动词过去式，与adjusted和helped并列。故选A。 15．句意：从这个故事中，我们可以了解到，通过个人的努力不太可能创造出真正有用的发明。根据“Their invention cut the school’s water use by 30%.”以及“to create a really useful invention through individual effort.”可知，此处是指通过个人的努力不太可能创造出真正有用的发明，unlikely“不太可能的”，形容词作表语。故选D。 三、单词拼写(共8分) 16．I think the most _____________ (use) plant in the world is bamboo. 【答案】useful 【详解】句意：我认为世界上最有用的植物是竹子。空处修饰名词plant，需用形容词作定语，use的形容词形式为useful，此处与the most构成最高级形式。 17．I do homework ________ (care) than Julie. 【答案】more carefully 【详解】句意：我做作业比朱莉更认真。句中“than Julie”为比较级的标志词，提示此处应用比较级形式。括号内给出的词是care，修饰动词短语do homework需要用其副词形式carefully。carefully是多音节副词，其比较级需在前面加more。 18．________ (drink) enough water every day is good for health. 【答案】Drinking 【详解】句意：每天喝充足的水有益身体健康。 本句谓语动词为is，前面需要动名词短语作句子主语，动词drink要变为动名词形式drinking，句首首字母大写，故填Drinking。 19．She felt very ________ (thirst) after running. 【答案】thirsty 【详解】句意：跑完步之后她感觉非常口渴。 感官系动词felt（feel的过去式）后接形容词作表语，名词thirst对应的形容词形式为thirsty，意为“口渴的”。 20．Teachers should ________ (courage) students to protect the environment. 【答案】encourage 【详解】句意：老师应该鼓励学生保护环境。空格前有情态动词should，后面应接动词原形。括号中所给词为名词courage，意为“勇气”，但句中需要的是动词，表示“鼓励”，故填encourage。 21．The ________ (chemistry) in the factory polluted the local river. 【答案】chemicals 【详解】句意：工厂里的化学物质污染了当地的河流。括号内提示词“chemistry”为名词，表示“化学”，其相关名词“chemical”表示“化学物质”，其复数形式为“chemicals”。故填chemicals。 22．Please don’t ________ (waste) water when you wash your hands. 【答案】waste 【详解】句意：洗手时请不要浪费水。 助动词don’t后必须接动词原形，括号内waste本身为动词原形，意为“浪费”。 23．We should not ________ (pollution) the river. 【答案】pollute 【详解】句意：我们不应该污染这条河流。 情态动词should后面需要接动词原形，括号内pollution是名词 “污染”，要变为对应的动词形式pollute。 四、补全对话（10分） Situation: A school reporter is interviewing Ms. Chen, a environmental scientist. They are talking about how teenagers can help protect the ocean. Reporter: Good afternoon, Ms. Chen. Thank you for joining us today. Many young people want to help protect the ocean but don’t know where to start. 24 (就方式方法提问) help save the ocean? Ms. Chen: Great question. The simplest way is to reduce plastic use. For example, always bring your own water bottle instead of buying plastic ones. Reporter: I see. 25 (写出恰当的一般疑问句) when they go to the beach? Ms. Chen: Yes, they should always clean up by themselves. Whatever they bring to the beach, they should take back home. Never leave trash behind. Reporter: Some teenagers love eating seafood. 26 (用why提问) choose sustainable seafood? Ms. Chen: Because that fish populations don’t disappear. Overfishing is a serious problem. When buying seafood, look for labels that say it’s sustainably caught. Reporter: So every small action matters, 27 (写出附加问句)? Ms. Chen: Exactly. When millions of people make small changes, the results can be huge. Reporter: At the end of today’s interview, could you give one final piece of advice? 28 (对选择疑问句做出回答) going to the beach or staying at home? Ms. Chen: I’d say going to the beach is better because you can see the beauty you’re protecting. But whether you’re at the beach or at home, always ask yourself: “Is my action helping or hurting the ocean?” Reporter: That’s very wise advice. Thank you, Ms. Chen. 【答案】24．How can we / What can we do to 25．Should people clean up by themselves 26．Why should we / Why do we need to 27．doesn’t it 28．Do you prefer 【导语】本文是校园记者采访环境专家陈女士的情景对话，围绕青少年保护海洋的可行办法展开，介绍减少塑料、清理海滩、选择可持续海鲜等护海方式，呼吁大家从小事做起守护海洋。 【详解】24．根据括号内提示“就方式方法提问”，应使用疑问词How。上文提到“Many young people…but don’t know where to start.”，很多青少年想保护海洋却无从下手，结合语境此处应表达“我们可以做些什么来拯救海洋？”。故填How can we/What can we do to。 25．根据括号内提示“写出恰当的一般疑问句”及下文回答“Yes, they should…”，可知问句应由Should引导。结合语境“去海滩时”，填入“Should people clean up by themselves”构成完整的一般疑问句。 26．根据括号内提示“用why提问”，需用疑问词Why。上下文是建议青少年保护海洋，情态动词should符合建议的语气，且下文回答以Because开头，故填“Why should we/ Why do we need to”。 27．根据括号内提示“写出附加问句”。陈述部分“every small action matters”为肯定句，主语action是单数，谓语matters是实义动词第三人称单数，故附加问句需用否定形式 doesn’t it。 28．根据括号内提示“对选择疑问句做出回答”，结合下文回答“I’d say going to the beach is better”，此处应询问偏好，填“Do you prefer”构成选择疑问句“Do you prefer going to the beach or staying at home?”。 五、阅读理解 (共20分) A. (每题2分，共10分) 下面的材料A—F是六本关于水的书籍的介绍，请根据五位学生的需求，帮助选出他们最感兴趣的书。 29 Mona: I want to buy a book for my 11-year-old cousin and she is very interested in water. 30 Kevin: Every night I have to read a book to my 3-year-old sister. Today I want to teach her how people use water every day. 31 Jill: What is the water cycle? I need a book to know more about it. 32 Mike: We learned about the importance of water and I want to know some good ways to save water. 33 Peter: My science teacher told us to do some easy experiments about water and I need a book talking about it. A．We Need Water     by Charles Ghingna Perfect for younger children, this book talks about all the different ways we use water in our everyday life. It’s a simple book with interesting and colourful pictures. Ages 2-4   Pages 24 B．Water Dance     by Thomas Locker Where can we find rain? This book poetically talks about all the places we can find the rain. It lives everywhere and we experience it in many different ways. This book can be enjoyed by children of all ages. Ages 4-7 Pages 32 C． Water! Water! Water! by Nancy Elizabeth Wallace This is a cute story of Walter and his adventure creating a book about water. It includes some simple and fun experiments kids can try themselves. It helps children understand science in an interesting way. Ages 6-8 Pages 40 D．Why Should I Save Water? by Jen Green This is a great book for young children to learn how to save water through the eyes of a little boy and his neighborhood friend. They talk about why they need to be careful about how much water they use and all the ways kids can save water. Ages 4-7 Pages 32 E. Ethan The Raindrop    by Sean Patrick Guidera Ethan is a little raindrop living in the sky with his family. He becomes nervous when he learns he will be falling to the ground, but he enjoys the excitement of the journey through the water cycle.This is a fun story. Ages 7-9 Pages 26 F. The Drop in My Drink    by Meredith Hooper This book discusses all the ways water is present in our lives and has been a part of the world for millions of years. The book is a bit long so I think it’s best for older preschool children and above. It might be difficult for younger children. Ages 8-12     Pages 36 【答案】29．F 30．A 31．E 32．D 33．C 【导语】本文是六本关于水的书籍的介绍，请根据五位学生的需求，帮助选出他们最感兴趣的书。 【详解】29．根据“I want to buy a book for my 11-year-old cousin and she is very interested in water.”可知，说的是给11岁的表妹买关于水的书，选项F“这本书讨论了水在我们生活中的所有方式，水已经成为世界的一部分数百万年了。这本书有点长，所以我认为它最适合年龄较大的学龄前儿童和以上儿童。这对年龄较小的儿童来说可能很难。8-12岁 36页”符合语境。故选F。 30．根据“Every night I have to read a book to my 3-year-old sister. Today I want to teach her how people use water every day.”可知，说的是教3岁的妹妹人们如何每天用水，选项A“这本书非常适合年幼的孩子，讲述了我们在日常生活中使用水的所有不同方式。这是一本简单的书，有有趣而丰富多彩的图片。2-4岁 24页”符合语境。故选A。 31．根据“What is the water cycle? I need a book to know more about it.”可知，说的是需要进一步了解水循环，选项E“伊森是一个和家人一起生活在天空中的小雨滴。当他得知自己将要摔倒在地时，他变得很紧张，但他享受着穿越水循环的兴奋之旅。这是一个有趣的故事。7-9岁 26页”符合语境。故选E。 32．根据“We learned about the importance of water and I want to know some good ways to save water.”可知，说的是想知道一些节约用水的好方法，选项D“这是一本很好的书，让年幼的孩子们通过一个小男孩和他的邻居朋友的眼睛来学习如何节约用水。他们谈论了为什么他们需要小心用水量，以及孩子们可以节约用水的所有方法。4-7 岁 32页”符合语境。故选D。 33．根据“My science teacher told us to do some easy experiments about water and I need a book talking about it.”可知，说的是需要一本关于水的简单实验的书，选项C“这是一个可爱的故事，沃尔特和他的冒险创作了一本关于水的书。其中包括一些简单有趣的实验，孩子们可以自己尝试。它帮助孩子们以一种有趣的方式理解科学。6-8岁 40页”符合语境。故选C。 B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题2分，共10分) The Amazon rainforest is the world’s biggest. It is in South America. It is so wide that it covers a little more than half the size of China! The Amazon River runs through the rainforest. It’s the world’s second longest river. The Amazon covers much of Brazil. The green colour on the national flag (国旗) of Brazil stands for the rainforest. However, climate change and human activities make it “sick”. Usually, the rainforest can fix itself. But now, it feels too “tired” to get better. According to a new study, many trees there may die, and the Amazon rainforest may turn into hot, dry grasslands in a few years. Why is the Amazon rainforest “sick”? The Amazon is one of the world’s wettest places. But since 2005, three droughts have hit the rainforest. That was because of climate change. The trees don’t have enough water to grow. What’s worse, as they become dry, they can easily catch fire. Besides, people cut down rainforest trees for wood. They burn the forest to make farmland. All these kinds of activities made about 17% of the rainforest disappear. ________ The Amazon rainforest is like the “lungs” of our planet. The rich plants there take carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the air and make oxygen. They make more than 20% of the planet’s oxygen. If the Amazon rainforest “dies”, there will be more CO₂ and our earth will become even hotter. The Amazon rainforest is also home to over 3 million animals and plants. Many of them can’t live anywhere else. They would very likely just disappear. 34．According to the passage, what is NOT the reason that makes the Amazon rainforest “sick”? A．There are many forest fires. B．Climate change. C．People cut down trees. D．Too many animals and plants live there. 35．What will happen if the Amazon rainforest dies? A．People will lose their lungs. B．Many animals and plants will die. C．We will feel colder. D．There will be more oxygen. 36．The underlined word “droughts” means “________” in Paragraph 3. A．too little rain B．too cold weather C．too much rain D．too much fire 37．Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE? A．It is twice the size of China. B．It is in North America. C．It makes more than 20% of the planet’s oxygen. D．More than 3 million kinds of plants live there. 38．Choose the best sentence to fill in the “________” in the passage. A．Where is the Amazon rainforest? B．Who lives in the Amazon rainforest? C．How can we protect the Amazon rainforest? D．What will happen if we lose the the Amazon rainforest? 【答案】34．D 35．B 36．A 37．C 38．D 【导语】本文介绍了亚马逊雨林的现状、面临的威胁，以及它对地球生态系统的重要性。 【详解】34．根据文章第三段可知，亚马逊雨林“生病”的原因包括气候变化（climate change）、干旱导致树木缺水（don’t have enough water）、容易发生火灾（catch fire）、人们砍伐树木（cut down trees）以及焚烧森林（burn the forest）。文中并未提及“居住在那里的动植物太多”是导致雨林生病的原因。 35．最后一段“The Amazon rainforest is also home to over 3 million animals and plants. Many of them can’t live anywhere else. They would very likely just disappear.”可知，如果雨林消失，许多依赖它生存的动植物将走向灭绝。 36．根据文章第三段画线词后的句子“The trees don’t have enough water to grow. What’s worse, as they become dry...”可知，树木没有足够的水生长且变得干燥，说明“droughts”指的是降雨过少导致的干旱，即“too little rain”。 37．第4段“They make more than 20% of the planet’s oxygen.”可知，亚马逊雨林产生地球上超过20%的氧气，该表述正确。 38．空格后的段落讲述了雨林作为“地球之肺”的作用，以及如果雨林消失，二氧化碳增加、地球变暖、动植物消失的后果。因此，用“What will happen if we lose the Amazon rainforest?”引出下文最为合适。 六、完形填空(共12分) Water is the source of life. Without water, nothing can live. But today, many people do not realize how 39 water is. They waste it every day. In many cities, people use too much water. They keep the tap 40 when they brush their teeth or wash their faces. They take long showers. They water their gardens even when it rains. Farmers also use a lot of water. They need water to grow crops. But sometimes they use too much water, and the soil becomes 41 . Factories use water too. Some factories pour dirty water into rivers and lakes. This 42 the water and kills the fish and plants. We must do something to save water. First, we should 43 the amount of water we use at home. Second, we should stop factories from polluting water. Third, we should tell others about the importance of saving water. If every person saves a little water every day, together we can make a big 44 . Remember, water is precious. Let’s save it for our future. 39．A．important B．interesting C．difficult D．different 40．A．open B．closed C．running D．stopped 41．A．wet B．dry C．rich D．poor 42．A．cleans B．pollutes C．drinks D．boils 43．A．reduce B．increase C．forget D．remember 44．A．mistake B．mess C．decision D．difference 【答案】39．A 40．C 41．B 42．B 43．A 44．D 【导语】本文阐述水的重要性及浪费、污染现状，分析城市、农业和工厂用水问题，呼吁大家节约用水，保护水资源，为未来着想。 【详解】39．句意：但是今天，许多人没有意识到水是多么“重要”。 根据上文“Water is the source of life.”可知，水是生命之源，说明水很重要。important“重要的”符合语境。interesting“有趣的”，difficult“困难的”，different“不同的”，均不符合语境。 40．句意：他们刷牙或洗脸时让水龙头一直“开着”。 根据上文“people use too much water”及下文“when they brush their teeth”可知，描述的是浪费水的行为，让水龙头一直流水符合浪费的语境。running“流动的/开着的”符合语境。open“开着的”不用于描述水龙头流水；closed“关闭的”，stopped“停止的”，均与浪费水的语境相反。 41．句意：但有时他们用了太多的水，土壤变得“干燥”。 根据上文“they use too much water”可知，过度用水会导致土壤缺水，从而变得干燥。dry“干燥的”符合语境。wet“潮湿的”，rich“富饶的”，poor“贫瘠的”，均不符合“缺水变干”的语义。 42．句意：这“污染”了水，杀死了鱼和植物。 根据上文“Some factories pour dirty water into rivers and lakes”可知，工厂把脏水倒入河流湖泊，这种行为会污染水体。pollutes“污染”符合语境。cleans“清洁”，drinks“喝”，boils“煮沸”，均与“倒入脏水”导致的结果不符。 43．句意：首先，我们应该“减少”我们在家的用水量。 根据上文“We must do something to save water”可知，节约用水需要减少用水量。reduce“减少”符合语境。increase“增加”，forget“忘记”，remember“记住”，均不符合节约用水的目标。 44．句意：如果每个人每天节省一点水，我们共同努力就能产生巨大的“影响”。 根据上文“every person saves a little water every day”可知，积少成多会产生影响。difference“影响/差异”符合语境。mistake“错误”，mess“混乱”，decision“决定”，均不符合固定搭配和语境语义。 七、任务型阅读(共12分) Different from Earth Day which falls on April 22 every year, Earth Hour has been known for its “lights off” moment. On March 22, 2025, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM, millions turned off their lights to show they cared about the Earth. This year’s Earth Hour, with the theme (主题) “Create the Biggest Hour for Earth”, was even more important because it shared the same day as World Water Day. However, it’s not enough to have such an hour every year. What matters is how we can be kinder to the earth every day.Planet-friendly food Planet-friendly food You might not realize it, but the meat industry has a huge influence on forests around the world. Large numbers of trees are cut down to make space for soy (大豆) and other plants that are used to feed animals. Have a chat with your parents about going meat-free, even for a few days every week. Also, foods like vegetables, fruit and nuts are helping the planet. Go green and save money, too Electricity (电) produced by burning fuels like oil, coal and gas causes global warming and pollution. Ask your parents how they heat your home and suggest using green energy like wind or solar power (太阳能). Another tip is to remember to turn off the electricity whenever you leave a room. Cutting down on screen time is actually good for both your health and the earth. Waste Less, Help more Waste is a big problem! We’ve talked about saving electricity. What about food waste? Every year, 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted around the world. That’s one-third of the total amount, which can feed up to 1.26 billion people. Try to talk to your parents about buying a proper amount of food. More importantly, find some ways online for leftover food at home. 45．When did Earth Hour take place in 2025? 46．Why was Earth Hour 2025 especially important? 47．How does the meat industry negatively affect forests? 48．Why is electricity produced by burning fuels harmful to the environment? 49．One-third of the world’s food is wasted, isn’t it? 50．As teenagers, what can we do to contribute to Earth Hour and environmental protection beyond just turning off lights for one hour? 【答案】45．On March 22, 2025, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM. 46．Because it shared the same day as World Water Day. 47．Large numbers of trees are cut down to make space for soy and other plants that are used to feed animals. 48．Because it causes global warming and pollution. 49．Yes, it is. 50．We can have meat-free days, suggest using green energy like solar power at home, and avoid food waste by buying proper amounts of food. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2025年“地球一小时”活动，并围绕其“为地球创造最重要的一小时”主题，从日常角度提出了三个保护地球的可行建议：选择对地球友好的食物、使用绿色能源和减少浪费。 45．根据文章“On March 22, 2025, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM, millions turned off their lights...”可知，2025年的“地球一小时”活动在3月22日晚上8:30至9:30举行。故填On March 22, 2025, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM. 46．根据文章“This year’s Earth Hour...was even more important because it shared the same day as World Water Day.”可知，2025年的“地球一小时”特别重要，因为它与世界水日是同一天。故填Because it shared the same day as World Water Day. 47．根据“Planet-friendly food”部分“Large numbers of trees are cut down to make space for soy and other plants that are used to feed animals.”可知，肉类产业对森林的负面影响是大批树木被砍伐，以为喂养动物的大豆等作物腾出空间。故填Large numbers of trees are cut down to make space for soy and other plants that are used to feed animals. 48．根据“Go green and save money, too”部分“Electricity produced by burning fuels like oil, coal and gas causes global warming and pollution.”可知，燃烧燃料发电对环境有害，因为它会导致全球变暖和污染。故填Because it causes global warming and pollution. 49．根据“Waste Less, Help more”部分“Every year, 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted around the world. That’s one-third of the total amount...”可知，全球确实有三分之一的食物被浪费了。题干是反意疑问句，需按照事实回答。故填Yes, it is. 50．本题为开放性问答，要求回答作为青少年，除了关灯一小时外，还能为“地球一小时”和环保做些什么。答案需结合文章后三个部分提出的具体建议（减少肉类消费、倡导绿色能源、减少食物浪费），给出符合逻辑、语法正确的行动方案。故填We can have meat-free days, suggest using green energy like solar power at home, and avoid food waste by buying proper amounts of food. 八、书面表达(共23分) 51．Write at least 60 words on the topic “The importance of saving water”. (以“节约用水的重要性”为题写一篇不少于60词的短文。) Suggested questions: 1. Why is it important to save water? 2. What problems are caused by water shortage? 3. What can we do to save water at school and at home? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The importance of saving water Water is very precious on Earth. However, many places are facing serious water shortage. People there have to walk miles to get clean water. Saving water is important because without it, humans, animals and plants cannot survive. At school, we can turn off taps tightly after washing hands. At home, we can reuse water to flush the toilet or water plants. If everyone does a little, we can make a big difference. Let’s start saving water today! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：节约用水的重要原因、水资源短缺引发的问题、家校两类场景的节水做法 确定人称：第一人称（I/we） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，词数不少于60词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明水资源珍贵，点明节水核心必要性，引出缺水现实困境 主体段：先说明缺水带来的生存与生活问题，再分别介绍在校、居家可落地的节水行动 结尾段：发出号召，呼吁人人节水，升华小小行动汇聚巨大改变的主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：节水的重要性：without water, humans, animals and plants can’t survive/water is essential for all living things等 要点二：缺水带来的问题：many places are facing serious water shortage/people there have to walk miles to get clean water/agriculture and daily life will both be severely restricted等 要点三：家校节水措施：turn off taps tightly after washing hands/reuse water to flush the toilet or water plants/collect rainwater to water flowers in the garden instead of using tap water等 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ U1暑假单元自测卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意：本卷试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在练习卷上不给分。 一、语法选择(共10分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Dear Editor, My name is Li Ming. 1 am a student from Guangzhou. I live near a beautiful river. It used to be very clean, but now things are different. My father 2 a fisherman. He tells me that the river was full of fish before. He loves 3 me stories about the old days. I am writing to you 4 I want to ask for help. The river near my home is in danger. Factories and farms pollute the water every day. Many fish have left the river. Some of them have already 5 . Local people are trying to protect the river. They pick up rubbish along the riverbank every weekend. But the pollution from factories is still a big problem. The government 6 some new rules last year, but they didn’t work very well. What is even 7 , some people still throw dirty things into the river. When will they realize that we cannot live 8 clean water? I don’t know 9 to make them stop. How I wish everyone could work together to save our river. Please help us 10 the water clean! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 1．A．My B．Mine C．I D．Me 2．A．is B．are C．am D．be 3．A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．tells 4．A．so B．but C．because D．if 5．A．die B．died C．dead D．dying 6．A．make B．makes C．made D．will make 7．A．bad B．worse C．good D．better 8．A．with B．for C．about D．without 9．A．what B．how C．when D．where 10．A．keep B．keeps C．Keeping D．kept 二、选词填空(共5分) A．discussed    B．familiar    C． rarely   D．unlikely   E. teamwork No great invention comes into being by chance. Curiosity drives many young inventors. A group of middle school students, curious about how to reduce water waste at school, came up with a great idea. Problems that students are 11 with like dripping taps during hand-washing inspired their invention. With good 12 , they turned this idea into a practical device: a sensor-controlled faucet (水龙头) that shuts off automatically. Each member did their part—some researched water-saving tech, others designed the device, and others tested it. We 13 hear about successful inventors working alone, and this group is no exception. They 14 , adjusted, and helped each other through difficulties. Their invention cut the school’s water use by 30%. From the story, we can learn that it is 15 to create a really useful invention through individual effort. 三、单词拼写(共8分) 16．I think the most _____________ (use) plant in the world is bamboo. 17．I do homework ________ (care) than Julie. 18．________ (drink) enough water every day is good for health. 19．She felt very ________ (thirst) after running. 20．Teachers should ________ (courage) students to protect the environment. 21．The ________ (chemistry) in the factory polluted the local river. 22．Please don’t ________ (waste) water when you wash your hands. 23．We should not ________ (pollution) the river. 四、补全对话（10分） Situation: A school reporter is interviewing Ms. Chen, a environmental scientist. They are talking about how teenagers can help protect the ocean. Reporter: Good afternoon, Ms. Chen. Thank you for joining us today. Many young people want to help protect the ocean but don’t know where to start. 24 (就方式方法提问) help save the ocean? Ms. Chen: Great question. The simplest way is to reduce plastic use. For example, always bring your own water bottle instead of buying plastic ones. Reporter: I see. 25 (写出恰当的一般疑问句) when they go to the beach? Ms. Chen: Yes, they should always clean up by themselves. Whatever they bring to the beach, they should take back home. Never leave trash behind. Reporter: Some teenagers love eating seafood. 26 (用why提问) choose sustainable seafood? Ms. Chen: Because that fish populations don’t disappear. Overfishing is a serious problem. When buying seafood, look for labels that say it’s sustainably caught. Reporter: So every small action matters, 27 (写出附加问句)? Ms. Chen: Exactly. When millions of people make small changes, the results can be huge. Reporter: At the end of today’s interview, could you give one final piece of advice? 28 (对选择疑问句做出回答) going to the beach or staying at home? Ms. Chen: I’d say going to the beach is better because you can see the beauty you’re protecting. But whether you’re at the beach or at home, always ask yourself: “Is my action helping or hurting the ocean?” Reporter: That’s very wise advice. Thank you, Ms. Chen. 五、阅读理解 (共20分) A. (每题2分，共10分) 下面的材料A—F是六本关于水的书籍的介绍，请根据五位学生的需求，帮助选出他们最感兴趣的书。 29 Mona: I want to buy a book for my 11-year-old cousin and she is very interested in water. 30 Kevin: Every night I have to read a book to my 3-year-old sister. Today I want to teach her how people use water every day. 31 Jill: What is the water cycle? I need a book to know more about it. 32 Mike: We learned about the importance of water and I want to know some good ways to save water. 33 Peter: My science teacher told us to do some easy experiments about water and I need a book talking about it. A．We Need Water     by Charles Ghingna Perfect for younger children, this book talks about all the different ways we use water in our everyday life. It’s a simple book with interesting and colourful pictures. Ages 2-4   Pages 24 B．Water Dance     by Thomas Locker Where can we find rain? This book poetically talks about all the places we can find the rain. It lives everywhere and we experience it in many different ways. This book can be enjoyed by children of all ages. Ages 4-7 Pages 32 C． Water! Water! Water! by Nancy Elizabeth Wallace This is a cute story of Walter and his adventure creating a book about water. It includes some simple and fun experiments kids can try themselves. It helps children understand science in an interesting way. Ages 6-8 Pages 40 D．Why Should I Save Water? by Jen Green This is a great book for young children to learn how to save water through the eyes of a little boy and his neighborhood friend. They talk about why they need to be careful about how much water they use and all the ways kids can save water. Ages 4-7 Pages 32 E. Ethan The Raindrop    by Sean Patrick Guidera Ethan is a little raindrop living in the sky with his family. He becomes nervous when he learns he will be falling to the ground, but he enjoys the excitement of the journey through the water cycle.This is a fun story. Ages 7-9 Pages 26 F. The Drop in My Drink    by Meredith Hooper This book discusses all the ways water is present in our lives and has been a part of the world for millions of years. The book is a bit long so I think it’s best for older preschool children and above. It might be difficult for younger children. Ages 8-12     Pages 36 B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题2分，共10分) The Amazon rainforest is the world’s biggest. It is in South America. It is so wide that it covers a little more than half the size of China! The Amazon River runs through the rainforest. It’s the world’s second longest river. The Amazon covers much of Brazil. The green colour on the national flag (国旗) of Brazil stands for the rainforest. However, climate change and human activities make it “sick”. Usually, the rainforest can fix itself. But now, it feels too “tired” to get better. According to a new study, many trees there may die, and the Amazon rainforest may turn into hot, dry grasslands in a few years. Why is the Amazon rainforest “sick”? The Amazon is one of the world’s wettest places. But since 2005, three droughts have hit the rainforest. That was because of climate change. The trees don’t have enough water to grow. What’s worse, as they become dry, they can easily catch fire. Besides, people cut down rainforest trees for wood. They burn the forest to make farmland. All these kinds of activities made about 17% of the rainforest disappear. ________ The Amazon rainforest is like the “lungs” of our planet. The rich plants there take carbon dioxide (CO₂) out of the air and make oxygen. They make more than 20% of the planet’s oxygen. If the Amazon rainforest “dies”, there will be more CO₂ and our earth will become even hotter. The Amazon rainforest is also home to over 3 million animals and plants. Many of them can’t live anywhere else. They would very likely just disappear. 34．According to the passage, what is NOT the reason that makes the Amazon rainforest “sick”? A．There are many forest fires. B．Climate change. C．People cut down trees. D．Too many animals and plants live there. 35．What will happen if the Amazon rainforest dies? A．People will lose their lungs. B．Many animals and plants will die. C．We will feel colder. D．There will be more oxygen. 36．The underlined word “droughts” means “________” in Paragraph 3. A．too little rain B．too cold weather C．too much rain D．too much fire 37．Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE? A．It is twice the size of China. B．It is in North America. C．It makes more than 20% of the planet’s oxygen. D．More than 3 million kinds of plants live there. 38．Choose the best sentence to fill in the “________” in the passage. A．Where is the Amazon rainforest? B．Who lives in the Amazon rainforest? C．How can we protect the Amazon rainforest? D．What will happen if we lose the the Amazon rainforest? 六、完形填空(共12分) Water is the source of life. Without water, nothing can live. But today, many people do not realize how 39 water is. They waste it every day. In many cities, people use too much water. They keep the tap 40 when they brush their teeth or wash their faces. They take long showers. They water their gardens even when it rains. Farmers also use a lot of water. They need water to grow crops. But sometimes they use too much water, and the soil becomes 41 . Factories use water too. Some factories pour dirty water into rivers and lakes. This 42 the water and kills the fish and plants. We must do something to save water. First, we should 43 the amount of water we use at home. Second, we should stop factories from polluting water. Third, we should tell others about the importance of saving water. If every person saves a little water every day, together we can make a big 44 . Remember, water is precious. Let’s save it for our future. 39．A．important B．interesting C．difficult D．different 40．A．open B．closed C．running D．stopped 41．A．wet B．dry C．rich D．poor 42．A．cleans B．pollutes C．drinks D．boils 43．A．reduce B．increase C．forget D．remember 44．A．mistake B．mess C．decision D．difference 七、任务型阅读(共12分) Different from Earth Day which falls on April 22 every year, Earth Hour has been known for its “lights off” moment. On March 22, 2025, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM, millions turned off their lights to show they cared about the Earth. This year’s Earth Hour, with the theme (主题) “Create the Biggest Hour for Earth”, was even more important because it shared the same day as World Water Day. However, it’s not enough to have such an hour every year. What matters is how we can be kinder to the earth every day.Planet-friendly food Planet-friendly food You might not realize it, but the meat industry has a huge influence on forests around the world. Large numbers of trees are cut down to make space for soy (大豆) and other plants that are used to feed animals. Have a chat with your parents about going meat-free, even for a few days every week. Also, foods like vegetables, fruit and nuts are helping the planet. Go green and save money, too Electricity (电) produced by burning fuels like oil, coal and gas causes global warming and pollution. Ask your parents how they heat your home and suggest using green energy like wind or solar power (太阳能). Another tip is to remember to turn off the electricity whenever you leave a room. Cutting down on screen time is actually good for both your health and the earth. Waste Less, Help more Waste is a big problem! We’ve talked about saving electricity. What about food waste? Every year, 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted around the world. That’s one-third of the total amount, which can feed up to 1.26 billion people. Try to talk to your parents about buying a proper amount of food. More importantly, find some ways online for leftover food at home. 45．When did Earth Hour take place in 2025? 46．Why was Earth Hour 2025 especially important? 47．How does the meat industry negatively affect forests? 48．Why is electricity produced by burning fuels harmful to the environment? 49．One-third of the world’s food is wasted, isn’t it? 50．As teenagers, what can we do to contribute to Earth Hour and environmental protection beyond just turning off lights for one hour? 八、书面表达(共23分) 51．Write at least 60 words on the topic “The importance of saving water”. (以“节约用水的重要性”为题写一篇不少于60词的短文。) Suggested questions: 1. Why is it important to save water? 2. What problems are caused by water shortage? 3. What can we do to save water at school and at home? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $