第02讲 Unit 1 Listening and speaking（考点精讲精练）新八年级英语暑假预习讲义新教材沪教版

第02讲 listening and Speaking （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能掌握理解文章出现的生词和短语。 2. 听取关于音乐家家聂耳的一段短文。 学习重点和难点 1. 运用本单元目标语言谈论你最尊敬的人。 2. 学习句子重音的一般规则。 教材解析 一、熟读生词 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10.________________ adj. 原来的；起初的 【变形】n. ________________起源；出身 adv. ________________ 最初地；原始地 11. ________________n. 出生 【搭配】________________出生时； ________________ 生育 12. ________________ n. 苦难；疼痛 【变形】v. ________________遭受；忍受 13. ________________n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 【变形】adj. ____________ 艺术的；有艺术天赋的 听力训练 Listen to the audio of an encyclopaedia entry and complete the notes Nie Er, a famous musician Original name（1）______________ Birthplace: （2）___________________ Year of birth: 3）______________ Why did he change his name? Because he (4) _______________________, and he could (5)_____________. So people called him “Erduo”. He liked this nickname and changed his name. What was life like for Nie Er and others during the 1930s? The 1930s were (6) ___________________. there was great suffering and people were (7)________________________ How many songs did he write during his short life? (8)____________________________________ 3 Listen again and answer the question. Why was Nie Er called "the People's Musician”? 语音学习 单词重读：按词性划分：重要词重读，功能词轻读 重读词性（实词） 例词 原因 名词（Nouns） book, China, love 表示具体事物或概念，信息核心 动词（Verbs） run, create, think 表达动作或状态，句子主干 形容词（Adjectives） beautiful, big, happy 描述事物特征，修饰名词 副词（Adverbs） quickly, very, here 修饰动词 / 形容词，表程度、方式 数词（Numbers） one, ten, 2024 表示数量或顺序，信息明确 代词（除人称代词外） this, that, who, mine 指示或疑问，替代具体事物 轻读词性（功能词） 例词 原因 冠词（Articles） a, an, the 辅助名词，无实际意义 人称代词（Personal Pronouns） he, she, it, us, them 指代已知对象，信息次要 介词（Prepositions） in, on, at, of 表示关系，依附于实词 连词（Conjunctions） and, but, or, because 连接句子，功能而非内容 助动词 / 情态动词 is, are, have, can, will 辅助谓语，无独立意义 过关检测 一、语音考查 写出下列句子中需要重读的单词 1. I hope his dream comes true. 2. The garden is the best place to grow flowers. 3. I live in a flat in the centre of Nanjing. 4. There is a new mall down the street. 5. We practice after school on Wednesday afternoon. 6. My classroom is on the ground floor. 二、根据首字母写出单词 1.The b______ of a new baby brings happiness to the whole family. 2. He talked about his s_______ during the war, and everyone listened quietly. 3. She ate a p_______ of chocolate cake after dinner and felt very happy. 4. This is my o_______ pencil case, and the blue one is a gift from my friend. 5. People should learn to respect life and understand the meaning of d______. 6. Many people a_____ the famous singer for her beautiful voice and kind heart. 7. We can c______ a new game together if we work as a team. 8. Parents’ words and actions can i_______ their children deeply. 9. My sister wants to be a fashion d________ when she grows up. 10. A p________ studies how the universe works and the laws of nature. 四、听选信息 听选信息1 1. Who is Jim’s report about? (Michael Jordan. / Jackie Chan. / Kobe Bryant.) 2. What is Lily going to do first? (Do her homework. / Play basketball. / Write a report.) 听选信息2 3. How many painters have the speakers mentioned? (One. / Two. / Three.)  4. Where are the speakers probably? (In a library. / In an art museum. / In a bookshop.)  5. Which competition will the girl enter? (The English Speech Competition. / The Singing Competition. / The Knowledge Competition.)  6. What can the winner of the Singing Competition get? (A new encyclopaedia. / Two tickets to a concert. / A free trip to the Canton Tower.)  五、回答问题  7. How many kinds of elephants are there now?  8. Where can we find elephants?  9. What do elephants mainly eat?  10. Why should we try to protect elephants?  六、短文填词 A 短文填词 Nie Er: A Great Chinese Composer Nie Er was a famous Chinese composer. His 1.o_________ name was Nie Shouxin. He was born on February 14, 1912, in Kunming, Yunnan. During his short life, he saw much 2.s_________ in China during the war, which made him want to help people through music. Nie Er created many popular songs, and his most famous work is The March of the Volunteers, which later became China’s 3.n_________ anthem. Sadly, he died at the young age of 23 in 1935, but his music has had a great 4.i________ on Chinese people. Today, people still 5.a__________Nie Er for his talent and love for the country. His songs not only showed his care for people’s lives but also encouraged many to fight for a better future. Though he lived a short life, his music remains alive in everyone’s heart. B 语法填空 Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China’s aerospace (航空航天) science and technology. He was called the “father of China’s aerospace” and “king of rockets”. He was also one of the most famous 1 (scientist) in the world. Qian was born in Shanghai 2 11 December 1911. After graduating from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, he went to America for 3 (far) study. After this, he spent many years 4 (teach) and doing research work at universities in the USA. And he made excellent achievements in America. 5 , his heart was always with his motherland. In 1955, he finally returned to China with his family. After returning to China, Qian led his team to overcome a series of difficulties and achieved many historic achievements. Qian worked with 6 (thousand) of other scientists on China’s “two bombs, one star” nuclear program (“两弹一星”核项目). They created the atom bomb (原子弹) and later the hydrogen bomb (氢弹) 7 （success). They managed to complete this project in the fastest time in history. Qian devoted 8 (he) whole life to China’s aerospace industry. He wanted to use his knowledge 9 (build) a stronger China. He often says that science 10 (have) no boundaries (边界), but scientists have their motherlands. 七、完形填空 Around more than 8,000 years ago, people hunted animals and collected plants to get food. As the population grew larger, people didn’t have enough food to eat. At that time, people were so 1 that they became sick or even died. So people needed 2 . Then Shen Nong was born. He had a(n) 3 appearance. It was said that he had the head of a bull (公牛) and the body of a human being. When he saw people die of hunger and illness, Shen Nong decided to help them grow five different kinds of crops. But the crops grew very 4 , so people still didn’t get much food. One day, when watching a pig digging the earth with its nose, Shen Nong had an idea and then 5 many farming tools such as the ax (斧头). With these tools, people became able to grow and take care of all kinds of crops to make a living. People had enough to eat, but they still sometimes fell sick. How to fight against 6 ? Shen Nong began to travel around the land and tasted all kinds of plants to find out if he could use them as 7 . To find out how the plants 8 inside his body, he tried hundreds of different kinds of plants and carefully wrote down their effects. Many times he put himself in danger, but he always found the right way to save himself in time. He then 9 Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic (神农本草经), the earliest Chinese medicine encyclopedia. It has 365 kinds of medicines coming from plants, animals and so on. Shen Nong’s discoveries led to the foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine, and it is still 10 today around the world. As a result, he still gets lots of respect from people today. 1. A. poor B. tired C. hungry D. thirsty 2. A. help B. money C. love D. wish 3. A. ancient B. tiny C. natural D. special 4. A. slowly B. quickly C. smoothly D. quietly 5. A. checked B. invented C. compared D. invited 6. A. animals B. weather C. crops D. illness 7. A. food B. medicine C. drinks D. clothes 8. A. made B. increased C. worked D. noticed 9. A. read B. borrowed C. bought D. wrote 10. A. useful B. harmful C. extinct D. public 八、语法选择 Paul Barto is a musician, and he likes making videos. In his videos, he plays the piano for elephants. He 1 many fans on the Internet. In his most videos, a nearly-blind elephant named Ampan 2 listens to him playing music. Ampan is 80 and lives in an organization called Elephants World. The organization’s task is to rescue elephants. There live 35 elephants like Ampan. They were caught to perform before they were rescued. Now Elephants World provides these beautiful animals 3 a comfortable sanctuary (庇护所). So for the rest of elephants’ lives, they 4 live a happy and peaceful life there. Paul started playing the piano for elephants there from his fiftieth birthday. He wanted to bring a piano into the sanctuary and 5 to the manager about it. However, carrying a heavy piano was not as easy as he thought. It took him almost two hours 6 the piano deep into the sanctuary in the wild. “These elephants have worked for humans all their lives. Some are blind or disabled. Seeing these elephants, I wanted to do 7 for them” Paul said. “The elephants were so hungry that they were eating all the time. But I noticed a special thing whenever I played the piano—a blind elephant would always stop to listen, while 8 in the sanctuary kept eating. And it continued eating only 9 I finished playing the piano. I realized 10 important thing. This blind elephant, even in a world of darkness, loved music.” 1. A. have B. has C. had D. will have 2. A. quiet B. quieter C. quietness D. quietly 3. A. to B. with C. for D. in 4. A. can B. should C. must D. need 5. A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. is speaking 6. A. move B. moved C. to move D. moving 7. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 8. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others 9. A. while B. though C. until D. after 10. A. a B. an C. the D. / 九、阅读理解 In the last passage we’ve already talked about some dangerous plants, but we don’t want to give anyone the wrong idea. The truth is that some plants can hurt you, but most are completely harmless. In fact, there are plenty of plants that are actually very useful to humans. That is why plants are so popular in Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine has been using plants for at least 4,800 years. One of the most popular plants in Chinese medicine is ginseng (人参). Doctors of Chinese medicine believe that ginseng can help your lungs (肺), clean your blood and do many other things. Ginseng also provides energy for people. In fact, many modern energy drinks that you see in stores have ginseng. In some parts of the U.S., there is a plant called lady fern (蹄盖蕨). This is the plant you need if you’ve been stung by a bee, or if you’ve got a small burn or a cut. Lady ferns are great for making your skin feel better. All you have to do is roll one of its leaves and make it into pieces in your hands. The juice inside the leaf will help your skin feel better. If you’re hiking in Europe, look for a flower called tansy (艾菊). This yellow flower is a natural insects’ enemy. You just rub it on your skin, and insects will leave you alone. Sage (鼠尾草) is one of the most useful plants in the world. Because it has so many uses, it’s also quite valuable. Human beings have been using sage for a very long time. In Europe before fridges appeared, people used sage to keep food. Over the years, people have used sage to fight all kinds of health problems. Sage has been used to treat colds, stop muscle problems and reduce swelling. In fact, sage comes from the Latin word “salvere”, which means “to be saved”. 1. How many kinds of useful plants are mentioned in the passage? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 2. Which of the following about ginseng is NOT TRUE? A. It can be found in many modern energy drinks. B. It’s still being used in Chinese medicine. C. It is helpful to our lungs and blood. D. It can make people feel relaxed. 3. Lady ferns can be used to treat the following EXCEPT ________. A. a bee sting B. a small burn C. a little cut D. a mild cold 4. What does the passage say about sage? A. It’s the most useful plant in the world. B. It hasn’t been used by people for long. C. It was once used to keep food in Europe. D. Its name comes from a German word. 5. What will the next paragraph most probably talk about? A. How modern medicine is better than Chinese medicine that uses plants. B. How to grow useful plants like ginseng and sage in home gardens. C. Why some dangerous plants can still be found in forests. D. More examples of plants that are useful to humans. B Many of you must have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the most famous technological encyclopedias written in Chinese. But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing? Song was a great scientist during the late Ming dynasty. He was born into an ordinary family in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Both of them were very intelligent. Song won the third place while his brother won the sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (乡级科举考试). Later, Song and his brother took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed. They had no choice but to work for the provincial government. Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he took the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. After going to the capital for some times, he learned about many technologies in different fields. His wide knowledge allowed him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s. The name of the Chinese encyclopedia is about people using the wealth (财富) of nature with the help of technologies. It talks about technologies in a clear way. There are also many pictures to help with the understanding of the text. The encyclopedia became popular soon after it was produced and sold to the public. The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but Song and his brother refused to work for the new Qing government and gave up their jobs. Song lived a poor life until the day he died. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against the Qing government. Tens of years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works. Luckily, some people had spread Tiangong Kaiwu to many other countries, though it didn’t find its way back to China until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Finally, Chinese people could be impressed by this great scientist again. 1. How many times did Song Yingxing take the national Imperial Exam? A. 1 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7 2. Why were the trips to the capital important to Song Yingxing? A. He learned a lot about practical scientific knowledge. B. He could fight for his dream together with his brother. C. He wrote many famous articles during the trips. D. He got important choices offered by the capital government. 3. What is Tiangong Kaiwu mainly about? A. Protecting nature’s wealth in a clear way. B. Drawing pictures to understand technologies. C. Using natural resources with technologies. D. Making more money by introducing technologies. 4. In what order did the following happen in Song Yingxing’s life? a. He wrote Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.    b. He won good places in the provincial exam. c. He lived a poor life during the Qing dynasty.    d. His works were destroyed by the government. e. He tried several times in the national Imperial Exam. A. b-a-e-c-d B. b-e-a-c-d C. a-e-b-d-c D. a-b-e-d-c 5. Which words can best describe Song Yingxing? A. Kind and confident. B. Wise and honest. C. Positive and friendly. D. Smart and hard-working. $ 第02讲 listening and Speaking （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 学习目标导航 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能掌握理解文章出现的生词和短语。 2. 听取关于音乐家家聂耳的一段短文。 学习重点和难点 1. 运用本单元目标语言谈论你最尊敬的人。 2. 学习句子重音的一般规则。 教材解析 一、熟读生词 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10.original /ə'rɪdʒənl/ adj. 原来的；起初的 【变形】n. origin 起源；出身 adv. originally 最初地；原始地 11.birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 【搭配】at birth 出生时； give birth to 生育 12.suffering /'sʌfərɪŋ/ n. 苦难；疼痛 【变形】v. suffer 遭受；忍受 13.artist /'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 【变形】adj. artistic 艺术的；有艺术天赋的 听力训练 Listen to the audio of an encyclopaedia entry and complete the notes Nie Er, a famous musician Original name（1）______________ Birthplace: （2）___________________ Year of birth: 3）______________ Why did he change his name? Because he (4) _______________________, and he could (5)_____________. So people called him “Erduo”. He liked this nickname and changed his name. What was life like for Nie Er and others during the 1930s? The 1930s were (6) ___________________. there was great suffering and people were (7)________________________ How many songs did he write during his short life? (8)____________________________________ 【答案】1.Nie Shouxin 2.Kunming, Yunnan province 3.1912 4.had a good ear for music 5.move his ears 6.a difficult time 7.worried about their future 8.He wrote more than 30 songs. 3 Listen again and answer the question. Why was Nie Er called "the People's Musician”? 【答案】Because many of his songs were about the suffering of ordinary people and the challenges they faced. 语音学习 单词重读：按词性划分：重要词重读，功能词轻读 重读词性（实词） 例词 原因 名词（Nouns） book, China, love 表示具体事物或概念，信息核心 动词（Verbs） run, create, think 表达动作或状态，句子主干 形容词（Adjectives） beautiful, big, happy 描述事物特征，修饰名词 副词（Adverbs） quickly, very, here 修饰动词 / 形容词，表程度、方式 数词（Numbers） one, ten, 2024 表示数量或顺序，信息明确 代词（除人称代词外） this, that, who, mine 指示或疑问，替代具体事物 轻读词性（功能词） 例词 原因 冠词（Articles） a, an, the 辅助名词，无实际意义 人称代词（Personal Pronouns） he, she, it, us, them 指代已知对象，信息次要 介词（Prepositions） in, on, at, of 表示关系，依附于实词 连词（Conjunctions） and, but, or, because 连接句子，功能而非内容 助动词 / 情态动词 is, are, have, can, will 辅助谓语，无独立意义 过关检测 一、语音考查 写出下列句子中需要重读的单词 1. I hope his dream comes true. 2. The garden is the best place to grow flowers. 3. I live in a flat in the centre of Nanjing. 4. There is a new mall down the street. 5. We practice after school on Wednesday afternoon. 6. My classroom is on the ground floor. 【答案】1. hope; dream: comes: true 2. garden; best; place; grow; flowers 3. live; flat; centre; Nanjing 4. new; mall; street 5. practice; school; Wednesday; afternoon 6. classroom; ground; floor 【解析】1. 在I hope his dream comes true.这个句子中，需要重读的应是动词，名词和动词短语，故为hope; dream: comes: true。 2. 在The garden is the best place to grow flowers.这个句子中，需要重读的是名词，形容词和动词，故为garden; best; place; grow; flowers。 3. 在I live in a flat in the centre of Nanjing. 这个句子中，需要重读的是动词和名词，故为live; flat; centre; Nanjing。 4. 在There is a new mall down the street. 这个句子中，需要重读的是形容词和名词，故为new; mall; street。 5. 在We practice after school on Wednesday afternoon. 这个句子中，需要重读的是动词和名词，故为practice; school; Wednesday; afternoon。 6. 在My classroom is on the ground floor.这个句子中，需要重读的是名词，故为classroom; ground; floor。 二、根据首字母写出单词 1.The b______ of a new baby brings happiness to the whole family. 2. He talked about his s_______ during the war, and everyone listened quietly. 3. She ate a p_______ of chocolate cake after dinner and felt very happy. 4. This is my o_______ pencil case, and the blue one is a gift from my friend. 5. People should learn to respect life and understand the meaning of d______. 6. Many people a_____ the famous singer for her beautiful voice and kind heart. 7. We can c______ a new game together if we work as a team. 8. Parents’ words and actions can i_______ their children deeply. 9. My sister wants to be a fashion d________ when she grows up. 10. A p________ studies how the universe works and the laws of nature. 【答案】1.birth 2.suffering 3.piece 4.original 5.death 6.admire 7.create 8.influence 9.designer 10.physicist 四、听选信息 听选信息1 1. Who is Jim’s report about? (Michael Jordan. / Jackie Chan. / Kobe Bryant.) 2. What is Lily going to do first? (Do her homework. / Play basketball. / Write a report.) 听选信息2 3. How many painters have the speakers mentioned? (One. / Two. / Three.)  4. Where are the speakers probably? (In a library. / In an art museum. / In a bookshop.)  5. Which competition will the girl enter? (The English Speech Competition. / The Singing Competition. / The Knowledge Competition.)  6. What can the winner of the Singing Competition get? (A new encyclopaedia. / Two tickets to a concert. / A free trip to the Canton Tower.)  听力原文及答案 听选信息1 W: Hi, Jim. What are you doing now? M: I’m writing my English report. W: Oh, I almost forgot the homework. Who is your report about? M: I chose Jackie Chan. What about yours, Lily? W: Hmm … I plan to write about Michael Jordan or Kobe Bryant. But I’m going to play basketball first before I decide whom to write about. M: Haha …I know you’re a super basketball fan. 【答案】1. His report is about Jackie Chan./About Jackie Chan./Jackie Chan. 2. She’s going to play basketball./Lily is going to play basketball first./ play basketball 听选信息2 M: Lisa, look at this painting. How beautiful it is! W: Wow! I love the sunflowers in it. Do you know who painted it? M: I have no idea. Wait! It reads Sunflowers by Van Gogh on the card. W: That must be a great painter. Oh, I know this one. It’s Mona Lisa by Da Vinci. M: Yes, you’re right. I saw it in a book in our school library. It’s very famous. Hmm … I think we should be quiet because other visitors are also enjoying the paintings. W: OK. I agree.  【答案】3. They have mentioned two painters./Two painters./Two. 4. They are probably in an art museum./They’re in an art museum./In an art museum. 听选信息3  W: Which competition are you going to take part in, John? M: I haven’t decided yet. I will make a choice between the English Speech Competition and the Singing Competition. W: Yeah, I know you’re good at both of them. For me, the Knowledge Competition is the right choice. M: Indeed, you know quite a lot about the world. And I heard that the winner will get a new encyclopaedia. W: Yes, and that’s what I want. What are the prizes for the winners of the Singing Competition and the English Speech Competition? M: They are two tickets to a concert and a free trip to the Canton Tower respectively. W: Wow! That sounds cool. Then I think you can enter both of them. M: Good idea. And then I will have to work hard for them.  【答案】5. She will enter the Knowledge Competition./The Knowledge Competition. 6. The winner of the Singing Competition can get two tickets to a concert. /The winner can get two tickets to a concert./Two tickets to a concert. 五、回答问题  7. How many kinds of elephants are there now?  8. Where can we find elephants?  9. What do elephants mainly eat?  10. Why should we try to protect elephants?  听力原文及答案 Elephants are the largest animals on land. They can be three or four meters tall. Now there are two kinds of them: the African elephant and the Asian elephant. These elephants can only be found in hot places. They live in groups in forests or on grassland. So they mainly eat tree leaves and grass. Some elephants in China eat bamboo. Elephant are very smart and friendly. In Asia, people train them to do many things. They can help people carry heavy things and even look after babies. Many of them are also trained to perform in different shows or for riding. But that will do harm to their health. Now elephants are in great danger, so we should try to protect them. 【参考答案】 7. There are two kinds now./There are two./Two kinds./Two. 8. We can find them in hot places./They can be found in forests or on grassland in hot places. In hot places./In forests or on grassland in hot places. 9. They mainly eat tree leaves and grass./They eat tree leaves and grass. Tree leaves and grass./Grass and tree leaves. 10. Because they are in great danger./Because they are in great danger now. Because they’re in great danger./Because they’re in great danger now. 六、短文填词 A 短文填词 Nie Er: A Great Chinese Composer Nie Er was a famous Chinese composer. His 1.o_________ name was Nie Shouxin. He was born on February 14, 1912, in Kunming, Yunnan. During his short life, he saw much 2.s_________ in China during the war, which made him want to help people through music. Nie Er created many popular songs, and his most famous work is The March of the Volunteers, which later became China’s 3.n_________ anthem. Sadly, he died at the young age of 23 in 1935, but his music has had a great 4.i________ on Chinese people. Today, people still 5.a__________Nie Er for his talent and love for the country. His songs not only showed his care for people’s lives but also encouraged many to fight for a better future. Though he lived a short life, his music remains alive in everyone’s heart. 【答案】1.original 2.suffering 3.national 4.influence 5.admire B 语法填空 Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China’s aerospace (航空航天) science and technology. He was called the “father of China’s aerospace” and “king of rockets”. He was also one of the most famous 1 (scientist) in the world. Qian was born in Shanghai 2 11 December 1911. After graduating from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, he went to America for 3 (far) study. After this, he spent many years 4 (teach) and doing research work at universities in the USA. And he made excellent achievements in America. 5 , his heart was always with his motherland. In 1955, he finally returned to China with his family. After returning to China, Qian led his team to overcome a series of difficulties and achieved many historic achievements. Qian worked with 6 (thousand) of other scientists on China’s “two bombs, one star” nuclear program (“两弹一星”核项目). They created the atom bomb (原子弹) and later the hydrogen bomb (氢弹) 7 （success). They managed to complete this project in the fastest time in history. Qian devoted 8 (he) whole life to China’s aerospace industry. He wanted to use his knowledge 9 (build) a stronger China. He often says that science 10 (have) no boundaries (边界), but scientists have their motherlands. 【答案】1. scientists 2. on 3. further 4. teaching 5. However 6. thousands 7. successfully 8. his 9. to build 10. has 【解析】本文主要介绍了钱学森的经历及其对国家的贡献。 1. 句意：他也是世界上最著名的科学家之一。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“……中最……之一”，固定用法。故填scientists。 2. 句意：钱1911年12月11日出生于上海。由“11 December 1911”可知，此处指具体时间，应用介词on。故填on。 3. 句意：从上海交通大学毕业后，他去了美国深造。由“After graduating from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, he went to America for…study”可知，此处指更进一步的学习，应用比较级。故填further。 4. 句意：此后，他在美国的大学里从事教学和研究工作多年。spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配。故填teaching。 5. 句意：然而，他的心始终与祖国在一起。由“And he made excellent achievements in America. …, his heart was always with his motherland”可知，前后句是转折关系，虽然他在国外，但他的心始终与祖国在一起，应用however“然而”来连接，位于句首首字母需大写。故填However。 6. 句意：钱和其他数千名科学家一起参与了中国的“两弹一星”核项目。thousands of“数千的”，固定搭配。故填thousands。 7. 句意：他们成功地制造了原子弹，后来又制造了氢弹。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词created。故填successfully。 8. 句意：钱把他的一生都献给了中国的航空航天事业。由“…whole life”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词表示他的一生。故填his。 9. 句意：他想用他的知识来建立一个更强大的中国。use sth. to do sth.“用……做……”，固定用法。故填to build。 10. 句意：他常说，科学没有国界，但科学家有自己的祖国。由“but scientists have their motherlands”可知，句子为一般现在时，science作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has。 七、完形填空 Around more than 8,000 years ago, people hunted animals and collected plants to get food. As the population grew larger, people didn’t have enough food to eat. At that time, people were so 1 that they became sick or even died. So people needed 2 . Then Shen Nong was born. He had a(n) 3 appearance. It was said that he had the head of a bull (公牛) and the body of a human being. When he saw people die of hunger and illness, Shen Nong decided to help them grow five different kinds of crops. But the crops grew very 4 , so people still didn’t get much food. One day, when watching a pig digging the earth with its nose, Shen Nong had an idea and then 5 many farming tools such as the ax (斧头). With these tools, people became able to grow and take care of all kinds of crops to make a living. People had enough to eat, but they still sometimes fell sick. How to fight against 6 ? Shen Nong began to travel around the land and tasted all kinds of plants to find out if he could use them as 7 . To find out how the plants 8 inside his body, he tried hundreds of different kinds of plants and carefully wrote down their effects. Many times he put himself in danger, but he always found the right way to save himself in time. He then 9 Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic (神农本草经), the earliest Chinese medicine encyclopedia. It has 365 kinds of medicines coming from plants, animals and so on. Shen Nong’s discoveries led to the foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine, and it is still 10 today around the world. As a result, he still gets lots of respect from people today. 1. A. poor B. tired C. hungry D. thirsty 2. A. help B. money C. love D. wish 3. A. ancient B. tiny C. natural D. special 4. A. slowly B. quickly C. smoothly D. quietly 5. A. checked B. invented C. compared D. invited 6. A. animals B. weather C. crops D. illness 7. A. food B. medicine C. drinks D. clothes 8. A. made B. increased C. worked D. noticed 9. A. read B. borrowed C. bought D. wrote 10. A. useful B. harmful C. extinct D. public 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 【来源】广东省华南师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年八年级上学期期中考试英语试题 【知识点】记叙文、其他著名人物 【解析】本文主要介绍了神农的诞生以及对人类的贡献。 1.句意：那时，人们会因为饥饿而生病甚至死亡。 poor贫穷的；tired疲惫的；hungry饥饿的；thirsty渴的。根据“people didn’t have enough food to eat.”可知，人们会饿得生病，故选C。 2. 句意：所以人们需要帮助。 help帮助；money钱；love爱；wish期望。根据下文“Shen Nong decided to help them grow five different kinds of crops.”可知，人们需要帮助，故选A。 3. 句意：他有一个特别的外表。 ancient古老的；tiny极小的；natural自然的；special特殊的。根据“...he had the head of a bull (公牛) and the body of the human being.”可知，他有奇特的外表，故选D。 4. 句意：但农作物生长得非常缓慢，所以人们仍没能得到很多食物。 slowly慢慢地；quickly快速地；smoothly平稳地；quietly安静地。根据“so people still didn’t get much food”可知，因为农作物长得很慢，人们还是没有吃的，故选A。 5. 句意：一天，神农看着一头猪用鼻子挖土，他灵机一动，发明了许多农具，比如斧头。 checked检查；invented发明；compared比较；invited邀请。根据“One day, when watching a pig digging the earth with its nose, Shen Nong had an idea and then…many farming tools such as the ax.”可知，神农看着一头猪用鼻子挖土，由此发明了很多农具，故选B。 6. 句意：如何对抗疾病？ animals动物；weather天气；crops农作物；illness疾病。根据“but they still fell sick. How to fight against...”可知，此处是指“怎样对抗疾病”，故选D。 7. 句意：神农开始四处游历，品尝各种各样的植物，看看是否可以把它们当作药物。 food食物；medicine药；drinks饮料；clothes衣服。根据“he tried hundreds of different kinds of plants and carefully wrote down their effects.”可知，神农尝植物是为了寻找“药物”，故选B。 8. 句意：为了找出这些药草在他体内如何起作用，他尝试了数百种不同的药草，并仔细记录下它们的功效。 made制造；increased提高；worked工作；noticed注意。根据“To find out how the plants...inside his body”可知，他想找出药草在体内如何起作用，故选C。 9. 句意：他后来写了《神农本草经》，这是最早的中医药集。 read读；borrowed借；bought买；wrote写。根据“…Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”可知，此处指的是“写了这本书”，故选D。 10. 句意：神农的发现是中医学的基础，中医学至今在世界各地仍然发挥着作用。 useful有用的；harmful有害的；extinct灭绝的；public公共的。根据“today around the world”可知，神农的发现至今仍然发挥着作用，故选A。 八、语法选择 Paul Barto is a musician, and he likes making videos. In his videos, he plays the piano for elephants. He 1 many fans on the Internet. In his most videos, a nearly-blind elephant named Ampan 2 listens to him playing music. Ampan is 80 and lives in an organization called Elephants World. The organization’s task is to rescue elephants. There live 35 elephants like Ampan. They were caught to perform before they were rescued. Now Elephants World provides these beautiful animals 3 a comfortable sanctuary (庇护所). So for the rest of elephants’ lives, they 4 live a happy and peaceful life there. Paul started playing the piano for elephants there from his fiftieth birthday. He wanted to bring a piano into the sanctuary and 5 to the manager about it. However, carrying a heavy piano was not as easy as he thought. It took him almost two hours 6 the piano deep into the sanctuary in the wild. “These elephants have worked for humans all their lives. Some are blind or disabled. Seeing these elephants, I wanted to do 7 for them” Paul said. “The elephants were so hungry that they were eating all the time. But I noticed a special thing whenever I played the piano—a blind elephant would always stop to listen, while 8 in the sanctuary kept eating. And it continued eating only 9 I finished playing the piano. I realized 10 important thing. This blind elephant, even in a world of darkness, loved music.” 1. A. have B. has C. had D. will have 2. A. quiet B. quieter C. quietness D. quietly 3. A. to B. with C. for D. in 4. A. can B. should C. must D. need 5. A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. is speaking 6. A. move B. moved C. to move D. moving 7. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 8. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others 9. A. while B. though C. until D. after 10. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 【来源】广东省广州市第七中学2025-2026学年八年级上学期期中考试英语试题 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了音乐家保罗·巴托在“大象世界”庇护所为大象弹钢琴，发现一头近乎失明的大象会特意停下进食聆听，由此意识到即使身处黑暗，这头大象依然热爱音乐。 1. 句意：保罗·巴托是一名音乐家，他喜欢制作视频，在视频中他为大象弹钢琴，他在网上有很多粉丝。 have有；has有，第三人称；had有，过去式；will have将会有，将来时。根据“Paul Barto is a musician, and he likes making videos. In his videos, he plays the piano for elephants”可知，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Paul Barto是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用has，故选B。 2. 句意：在他的大部分视频中，一头名叫安潘的近乎失明的大象静静地听他演奏音乐。 quiet安静的；quieter更安静的；quietness安静；quietly安静地。根据“listens to him playing music”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词listens，quietly是副词，符合语境，故选D。 3. 句意：现在“大象世界”为这些美丽的动物提供了一个舒适的庇护所。 to到；with和；for为了；in在……里面。根据“Now Elephants World provides these beautiful animals...a comfortable sanctuary”可知，此处考查provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”，故选B。 4. 句意：所以在大象的余生里，它们可以在那里过着幸福和平的生活。 can能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“Now Elephants World provides these beautiful animals with a comfortable sanctuary”可知，庇护所为大象提供了适宜的环境，因此它们能够过上幸福和平的生活，故选A。 5. 句意：保罗从他五十岁生日那天开始在那里为大象弹钢琴，他想把一架钢琴带进庇护所，并就此向经理说明了情况。 speak说；speaks说，第三人称；spoke说，过去式；is speaking正在说，正在进行时。根据“Paul started playing the piano for elephants there from his fiftieth birthday. He wanted to bring a piano into the sanctuary and...to the manager about it”可知，“started”和“wanted”都是过去式，and连接并列谓语，时态需一致，所以用spoke，故选C。 6. 句意：他花了将近两个小时才把钢琴搬到野外的庇护所深处。 move移动；moved移动；to move移动；moving移动。根据“It took him almost two hours...the piano deep into the sanctuary in the wild”可知，此处考查It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”，故选C。 7. 句意：“这些大象一生都在为人类工作，有些是失明的或残疾的，看到这些大象，我想为它们做些什么。”保罗说。 everything一切；anything任何事；something某事；nothing没有什么。根据“These elephants have worked for humans all their lives. Some are blind or disabled. Seeing these elephants, I wanted to do...for them”可知，保罗看到大象的遭遇后，想为它们做些事情，something用于肯定句中表示“某事”，故选C。 8. 句意：但我注意到一件特别的事，每当我弹钢琴时，一头失明的大象总会停下来听，而庇护所里的其他大象则继续吃东西。 another另一个；the other两者中的另一个；other其他的；the others其他（人或物）。根据“a blind elephant would always stop to listen, while...in the sanctuary kept eating”可知，此处指庇护所里除了这头失明大象之外的其他所有大象，the others表示特指某一范围内的“其他全部”，符合语境，故选D。 9. 句意：我弹完钢琴之后，它才继续吃东西 while当……时；though尽管；until直到；after在……之后。根据“a blind elephant would always stop to listen... And it continued eating only... finished playing the piano”可知，失明的大象会停下来听钢琴，在弹完之后继续吃东西，故选D。 10. 句意：我意识到一件重要的事，这头失明的大象，即使在黑暗的世界里，也热爱音乐。 a一个，用于以辅音音素开头的词前；an一个，用于以元音音素开头的词前；the这个，表示特指；/ 不填。根据“I realized...important thing. This blind elephant, even in a world of darkness, loved music”可知，此处表示“一件重要的事”，表泛指，important是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用an，故选B。 九、阅读理解 In the last passage we’ve already talked about some dangerous plants, but we don’t want to give anyone the wrong idea. The truth is that some plants can hurt you, but most are completely harmless. In fact, there are plenty of plants that are actually very useful to humans. That is why plants are so popular in Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine has been using plants for at least 4,800 years. One of the most popular plants in Chinese medicine is ginseng (人参). Doctors of Chinese medicine believe that ginseng can help your lungs (肺), clean your blood and do many other things. Ginseng also provides energy for people. In fact, many modern energy drinks that you see in stores have ginseng. In some parts of the U.S., there is a plant called lady fern (蹄盖蕨). This is the plant you need if you’ve been stung by a bee, or if you’ve got a small burn or a cut. Lady ferns are great for making your skin feel better. All you have to do is roll one of its leaves and make it into pieces in your hands. The juice inside the leaf will help your skin feel better. If you’re hiking in Europe, look for a flower called tansy (艾菊). This yellow flower is a natural insects’ enemy. You just rub it on your skin, and insects will leave you alone. Sage (鼠尾草) is one of the most useful plants in the world. Because it has so many uses, it’s also quite valuable. Human beings have been using sage for a very long time. In Europe before fridges appeared, people used sage to keep food. Over the years, people have used sage to fight all kinds of health problems. Sage has been used to treat colds, stop muscle problems and reduce swelling. In fact, sage comes from the Latin word “salvere”, which means “to be saved”. 1. How many kinds of useful plants are mentioned in the passage? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 2. Which of the following about ginseng is NOT TRUE? A. It can be found in many modern energy drinks. B. It’s still being used in Chinese medicine. C. It is helpful to our lungs and blood. D. It can make people feel relaxed. 3. Lady ferns can be used to treat the following EXCEPT ________. A. a bee sting B. a small burn C. a little cut D. a mild cold 4. What does the passage say about sage? A. It’s the most useful plant in the world. B. It hasn’t been used by people for long. C. It was once used to keep food in Europe. D. Its name comes from a German word. 5. What will the next paragraph most probably talk about? A. How modern medicine is better than Chinese medicine that uses plants. B. How to grow useful plants like ginseng and sage in home gardens. C. Why some dangerous plants can still be found in forests. D. More examples of plants that are useful to humans. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 【来源】广东省广州市荔湾区广雅中学2025-2026学年八年级上学期期中考试英语试题 【知识点】植物、科普知识、说明文 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种对人类非常有用的植物，包括它们在医学、日常护理和食品保存等方面的应用。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of the most popular plants in Chinese medicine is ginseng (人参).”、第三段中“In some parts of the U.S., there is a plant called lady fern (蹄盖蕨).”、第四段中“If you’re hiking in Europe, look for a flower called tansy (艾菊).”和第五段中“Sage (鼠尾草) is one of the most useful plants in the world.”可知，文章中提到了人参、蹄盖蕨、艾菊和鼠尾草四种有用的植物。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of the most popular plants in Chinese medicine is ginseng (人参). Doctors of Chinese medicine believe that ginseng can help your lungs (肺), clean your blood and do many other things. Ginseng also provides energy for people. In fact, many modern energy drinks that you see in stores have ginseng.”可知，人参在中医中仍然被使用，它对肺和血液有帮助，许多现代能量饮料中都含有人参，但文章并未提到人参能让人感到放松。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is the plant you need if you’ve been stung by a bee, or if you’ve got a small burn or a cut. Lady ferns are great for making your skin feel better.”可知，蹄盖蕨可以用来治疗蜜蜂蜇伤、轻微烧伤和割伤，但文章并未提到它可以治疗轻微的感冒。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“In Europe before fridges appeared, people used sage to keep food.”可知，在欧洲冰箱出现之前，人们曾用鼠尾草来保存食物。故选C。 5. 推理判断题。根据“In fact, there are plenty of plants that are actually very useful to humans.”以及后文介绍了四种对人类有用的植物可知，文章主要介绍了对人类有用的植物，因此接下来最有可能继续介绍更多对人类有用的植物的例子。故选D。 B Many of you must have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the most famous technological encyclopedias written in Chinese. But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing? Song was a great scientist during the late Ming dynasty. He was born into an ordinary family in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Both of them were very intelligent. Song won the third place while his brother won the sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (乡级科举考试). Later, Song and his brother took the national Imperial Exam, but they both failed. They had no choice but to work for the provincial government. Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he took the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. After going to the capital for some times, he learned about many technologies in different fields. His wide knowledge allowed him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s. The name of the Chinese encyclopedia is about people using the wealth (财富) of nature with the help of technologies. It talks about technologies in a clear way. There are also many pictures to help with the understanding of the text. The encyclopedia became popular soon after it was produced and sold to the public. The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but Song and his brother refused to work for the new Qing government and gave up their jobs. Song lived a poor life until the day he died. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against the Qing government. Tens of years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works. Luckily, some people had spread Tiangong Kaiwu to many other countries, though it didn’t find its way back to China until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911. Finally, Chinese people could be impressed by this great scientist again. 1. How many times did Song Yingxing take the national Imperial Exam? A. 1 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7 2. Why were the trips to the capital important to Song Yingxing? A. He learned a lot about practical scientific knowledge. B. He could fight for his dream together with his brother. C. He wrote many famous articles during the trips. D. He got important choices offered by the capital government. 3. What is Tiangong Kaiwu mainly about? A. Protecting nature’s wealth in a clear way. B. Drawing pictures to understand technologies. C. Using natural resources with technologies. D. Making more money by introducing technologies. 4. In what order did the following happen in Song Yingxing’s life? a. He wrote Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.    b. He won good places in the provincial exam. c. He lived a poor life during the Qing dynasty.    d. His works were destroyed by the government. e. He tried several times in the national Imperial Exam. A. b-a-e-c-d B. b-e-a-c-d C. a-e-b-d-c D. a-b-e-d-c 5. Which words can best describe Song Yingxing? A. Kind and confident. B. Wise and honest. C. Positive and friendly. D. Smart and hard-working. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 【来源】广东省广州市越秀区第二中学2025-2026学年八年级上学期期中考试英语试题 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了明朝著名科学家宋应星的生平及他的著作《天工开物》的相关情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中提到“He took the national Imperial Exam for another four times.”可知，加上最开始的一次，总共是5次。故选C。                      2. 细节理解题。根据文中提到“After going to the capital for some times, he learned about many technologies in different fields.”可知，说明他在去京城的过程中学习了很多实用的科学知识。故选A。    3. 主旨大意题。根据文中提到“It is about nature’s wealth and the help of technologies.”，说明这本书主要是关于如何利用技术来开发自然资源。故选C。   4. 推理判断题。根据“Song won the third place while his brother won the sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam.宋获得了省级科举考试的第三名，而他的哥哥获得了第六名。”、 “Meanwhile, he took the national Imperial Exam for another four times.与此同时，他又参加了四次全国性的科举考试。”、“His wide knowledge allowed him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.他渊博的知识使他在17世纪30年代创作了《天工开物》。”、“The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but Song and his brother refused to work for the new Qing government and gave up their jobs. Song lived a poor life until the day he died.明朝于1644年灭亡，但宋及其兄弟拒绝为新建立的清朝政府任职，并辞去了他们的工作。宋一直过着贫困的生活，直至去世那天。”和“They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works.他们愤怒至极，以至于毁掉了宋的所有作品。”可知，事件的顺序是：b.他在乡试中取得好名次→ e. 他多次参加全国性的科举考试 → a. 他在17世纪30年代撰写《天工开物》 → c. 他在清朝过着贫困生活 → d. 他的作品被清政府销毁。故选B。 5. 推理判断题。通读全文和“Both of them were very intelligent.”可知，他聪明、勤奋，而且他一生都在钻研技术，写出了伟大的著作，体现了他的智慧和勤奋。故选D。 $