暑假作业04 一般现在时的被动语态（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 以“概念-用法-易错点”为逻辑主线，通过规则提炼与语境应用结合，系统构建反身代词专项训练体系，提升语言应用能力与语法思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念方法|核心用法4类、固定搭配8个、易错点4类|主语宾语一致规则、固定搭配记忆法、易错点对比纠正|从定义到单复数形式，再到用法分类及固定搭配，通过易错点强化应用规则| |基础应用|单项选择10题、完成句子10题|语境匹配法、固定搭配还原法|聚焦基础用法与固定搭配，巩固语法规则的直接应用| |综合语境|完形填空1篇、阅读理解3篇、任务型阅读1篇|语篇逻辑分析法、上下文提示定位法|在语篇中综合考查反身代词的灵活运用，培养语境理解与思维能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业04 一般现在时被动语态 一、基本概念 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观存在的被动状态。 二、完整句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. These books are written by Mo Yan. 2. 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词过去分词 The letter isn't written in English. These trees aren't planted in spring. 3. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. -Is the bridge made of stone? -Yes, it is. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? Where are these cars made? 三、主动语态变被动语态三步法 1. 找宾语：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 2. 变谓语：谓语动词变为 "am/is/are + 过去分词" 3. 加执行者：用 "by + 动作执行者" 引出（可省略） 主动：Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. 被动：Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane. 四、使用场景 1. 动作承受者是句子的重点 2. 不知道或不需要说明动作执行者 3. 动作执行者不言而喻（如 The bridge was built in 2000.） 五、特殊情况 主动语态中，使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch）后接省略 to 的不定式，变被动语态时必须还原 to 主动：The teacher made him clean the classroom. 被动：He was made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 六、易错易混概念 1. be 动词的单复数与主语不一致 错误：The books is written by Lu Xun. 正确：The books are written by Lu Xun. 2. 过去分词拼写错误（如 write→writed，正确：written） 3. 使役动词 / 感官动词变被动时，忘记还原 to 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. All the flowers in our school ______ every morning. A. water B. are watered C. is watered D. watered 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们学校所有的花每天早上都被浇水。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “All the flowers” 是复数，与 “water（浇水）” 是被动关系，时间状语 “every morning” 表一般现在时，被动结构为 “are + 过去分词”，故选 B。 2. This kind of toy ______ in China. Many kids like it. A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这种玩具是中国制造的，很多孩子都喜欢它。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “This kind of toy” 的中心词是 “kind”（单数），与 “make（制造）” 是被动关系，被动结构为 “is + 过去分词”，故选 C。 3. —______ your classroom ______ every day? —Yes, it is. A. Do; clean B. Does; clean C. Is; cleaned D. Are; cleaned 【答案】C 【解析】句意：— 你们的教室每天都被打扫吗？— 是的。考查一般现在时被动语态的一般疑问句。主语 “your classroom” 是单数，与 “clean（打扫）” 是被动关系，一般疑问句需将 be 动词 “is” 提前，后接过去分词 “cleaned”，故选 C。 4. The storybooks ______ by my aunt. She is a writer. A. write B. are written C. is written D. writes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这些故事书是我姑姑写的，她是一名作家。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “The storybooks” 是复数，与 “write（写）” 是被动关系，被动结构为 “are + 过去分词”，故选 B。 5. The little boy ______ to finish his homework first after school. A. makes B. is made C. made D. are made 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个小男孩被要求放学后先完成作业。考查一般现在时的被动语态及使役动词 “make” 的用法。主语 “The little boy” 是单数，与 “make” 是被动关系；“make sb. do sth.” 的被动结构需还原不定式符号 “to”，即 “sb. be made to do sth.”，故选 B。 6. Wood (木头) ______ to make paper in many factories. A. uses B. used C. is used D. are used 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在很多工厂里，木头被用来造纸。考查一般现在时的被动语态及固定搭配。“wood（木头）” 是不可数名词，与 “use” 是被动关系；“be used to do sth.” 表示 “被用来做某事”，故选 C。 7. —Where ______ these new bikes ______? —They are made in Guangzhou. A. do; make B. are; made C. did; make D. is; made 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 这些新自行车是在哪里制造的？— 它们是广州制造的。考查一般现在时被动语态的特殊疑问句。主语 “these new bikes” 是复数，与 “make” 是被动关系，特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词 + are + 主语 + 过去分词”，故选 B。 8. People ______ to protect the wild animals (野生动物) by the government. A. ask B. are asked C. is asked D. asked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：政府要求人们保护野生动物。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “People（人们）” 是复数，与 “ask（要求）” 是被动关系，被动结构为 “are + 过去分词”，故选 B。 9. The nice song ______ all over the world now. A. sings B. sang C. is sung D. are sung 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这首好听的歌现在在全世界被传唱。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “The nice song” 是单数，与 “sing（唱）” 是被动关系，被动结构为 “is + 过去分词”，故选 C。 10. We often hear her sing in the room. She ______ to sing in the school show every year. A. hears B. is heard C. is heard to D. heard to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们经常听到她在房间里唱歌。她每年都被听到在学校演出中唱歌。考查一般现在时的被动语态及感官动词 “hear” 的用法。主语 “She” 是单数，与 “hear” 是被动关系；“hear sb. do sth.” 的被动结构需还原不定式符号 “to”，即 “sb. be heard to do sth.”，故选 C。 二、完成句子： （一）句型转换 1. People grow rice in the south of China.（改为被动语态） Rice ______ ______ in the south of China. 【答案】is grown 【解析】原句句意：人们在中国南方种植水稻。转换后句意：水稻在中国南方被种植。语法规则：一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态，结构为 “主语（原句宾语）+ am/is/are + 动词过去分词 + 其他”。 2. We clean the windows every week.（改为否定形式的被动句） The windows ______ ______ ______ every week. 【答案】are not cleaned 【解析】原句句意：我们每周擦窗户。转换后句意：窗户不是每周都被擦。语法规则：被动语态的否定形式直接在be 动词后加 not，其余结构不变。 3. The shop sells nice pens.（改为一般疑问句，被动语态） ______ nice pens ______ in the shop? 【答案】Are; sold 【解析】原句句意：这家商店卖好看的钢笔。转换后句意：好看的钢笔在这家商店售卖吗？语法规则：被动语态的一般疑问句需将be 动词提到句首，其余结构不变。 （二）对划线部分提问 1. These apples are grown on the farm.（对划线部分 on the farm 提问） ______ ______ these apples ______? 【答案】Where are; grown 【解析】原句句意：这些苹果种在农场里。转换后句意：这些苹果种在哪里？语法规则：对地点提问用特殊疑问词where；被动语态的特殊疑问句结构为 “特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他”。 2. This cup is made of glass.（对划线部分 glass 提问） ______ ______ this cup ______ of? 【答案】What is; made 【解析】原句句意：这个杯子是玻璃做的。转换后句意：这个杯子是由什么制成的？语法规则：对事物 / 材料提问用特殊疑问词what；“be made of” 是固定搭配，意为 “由…… 制成（能看出原材料）”，变疑问句时不可拆分。 3. The letters are written by my sister.（对划线部分 my sister 提问） ______ ______ the letters ______ by? 【答案】Who/Whom are; written 【解析】原句句意：这些信是我姐姐写的。转换后句意：这些信是谁写的？语法规则：对人（被动语态中 by 后的动作执行者）提问用who（口语）/whom（正式）；特殊疑问句结构同上。 （三）根据中文提示，每空一词完成句子 1. 每天很多信件被邮递员派送。 Many letters ______ ______ by postmen every day. 【答案】are sent 【解析】句意：每天很多信件被邮递员派送。语法规则：“被派送” 需用被动语态；由 “every day（每天）” 可知用一般现在时；主语 “many letters（很多信件）” 是复数，be 动词用 are；动词 send（派送）的过去分词是 sent。 2. 这座小桥不是由石头建成的。 The small bridge ______ ______ ______ of stone. 【答案】is not made 【解析】句意：这座小桥不是由石头建成的。语法规则：“由…… 建成” 用固定搭配 “be made of”；主语 “the small bridge（这座小桥）” 是单数，be 动词用 is；否定形式在 is 后加 not。 3. 学生们被要求按时上交作业。 Students ______ ______ to hand in homework on time. 【答案】are asked 【解析】句意：学生们被要求按时上交作业。语法规则：“被要求做某事” 用 “be asked to do sth”；主语 “students（学生们）” 是复数，be 动词用 are；动词 ask（要求）的过去分词是 asked。 4. 他被看到每天在操场跑步。 He ______ ______ ______ run on the playground every day. 【答案】is seen to 【解析】句意：他被看到每天在操场跑步。语法规则：主动语态中 “see sb do sth（看到某人做某事）”，变被动语态时，省略的不定式符号 to 必须还原，结构为 “sb be seen to do sth”；主语 “he” 是第三人称单数，由 “every day” 可知用一般现在时，be 动词用 is；动词 see 的过去分词是 seen。 一、完形填空： Nowadays, solar energy (太阳能) is widely used around us. Many things 1 by using solar energy in our daily life. First, some street lights 2 by solar power. They 3 during the day and work at night. Second, many new houses 4 with solar panels (太阳能板). Hot water 5 for families by these panels all year round. Besides, some small cars 6 by solar energy too. They 7 not for long trips, but they are good for short rides. Rules (规则) 8 to protect solar equipment (设备). People 9 to keep them clean and safe. Solar energy is clean and cheap. It 10 more and more popular in the world. 1. A. use B. are used C. is used D. used 2. A. support B. supported C. are supported D. is supported 3. A. charge B. are charged C. charges D. is charged 4. A. build B. built C. are built D. is built 5. A. provide B. provides C. are provided D. is provided 6. A. drive B. are driven C. is driven D. drives 7. A. use B. are used C. is used D. uses 8. A. make B. made C. are made D. is made 9. A. ask B. are asked C. is asked D. asked 10. A. become B. became C. is become D. is becoming 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章围绕太阳能展开，依次介绍了它在路灯照明、住宅热水供应、小型汽车驱动等日常生活多个领域的广泛应用，同时提及了保护太阳能设备的相关规则，最后点明太阳能清洁、廉价的核心优势，以及其在全球范围内日益普及的发展趋势。 1. 句意：在我们的日常生活中，很多东西都通过太阳能被使用。解析：主语Many things是复数，与动词use是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态are used。 2. 句意：首先，一些路灯由太阳能供电支撑。解析：主语some street lights是复数，与support是被动关系，用are supported。 3. 句意：它们在白天充电，夜间工作。解析：主语They指代路灯，是复数，与charge（充电）是被动关系，用are charged。 4. 句意：其次，许多新房子都配备了太阳能板。解析：主语many new houses是复数，与build（此处指 “建造并配备”）是被动关系，用are built。 5. 句意：这些面板全年为家庭提供热水。解析：主语Hot water是不可数名词，与provide是被动关系，用is provided。 6. 句意：此外，一些小型汽车也由太阳能驱动。解析：主语some small cars是复数，与drive是被动关系，用are driven。 7. 句意：它们不用于长途旅行，但适合短途出行。解析：主语They指代小汽车，是复数，与use是被动关系，用are used。 8. 句意：人们制定了规则来保护太阳能设备。解析：主语Rules是复数，与make是被动关系，用are made。 9. 句意：人们被要求保持它们清洁和安全。解析：主语People是复数，与ask是被动关系，用are asked。 10. 句意：它在世界上正变得越来越受欢迎。解析：此处强调 “逐渐变化” 的过程，用现在进行时is becoming；become是不及物动词，没有被动形式，排除 C。 二、阅读理解： A Our school has many rules. All the rules are made to keep our school safe and tidy. All classrooms are cleaned by students every afternoon. Desks and chairs are put in order. Books in the school library are sorted (分类) by librarians every day. They are kept well for all students. School sports meetings are held (举办) twice a year. Many interesting games are played on the playground. Students are encouraged (鼓励) to take part in all kinds of activities. All the school things are taken good care of by us. We love our beautiful school. 1. Who cleans the classrooms every afternoon? A. Librarians B. Students C. Teachers D. Workers 2. The books in the library ______ every day. A. are sorted B. are sold C. are written D. are bought 3. How often is the school sports meeting held? A. Once a year B. Twice a year C. Three times a year D. Every month 4. What are students encouraged to do? A. Clean classrooms B. Read books C. Join activities D. Sort books 5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Our school is beautiful. B. School rules are for safety and tidiness. C. We have many activities. D. Students love our school. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了学校为保障校园安全与整洁制定的各项规则，以及图书馆管理、运动会举办等校园日常安排，展现了学校有序的管理风貌，表达了学生对学校的喜爱之情。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第一句 “All classrooms are cleaned by students every afternoon.” 可知，每天下午打扫教室的是学生，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第三句 “Books in the school library are sorted (分类) by librarians every day.” 可知，图书馆的书籍每天都会被分类整理，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文第三段第一句 “School sports meetings are held (举办) twice a year.” 可知，学校运动会每年举办两次，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题（同义转换）。根据原文第三段第三句 “Students are encouraged (鼓励) to take part in all kinds of activities.” 可知，学生被鼓励参加各类活动，“take part in” 与 “join” 含义相近，故选 C。 5. 段落主旨题。第一段核心内容为 “学校有很多规则，所有规则的制定都是为了保持校园的安全和整洁”，准确概括了该段主旨，故选 B。 B Paper cutting (剪纸) is a traditional Chinese art. It has a long history. Today, many beautiful paper cuttings are made by old artists (艺人) in small shops. Red paper is usually used to make paper cuttings, because red means good luck. These works are put on windows and doors during festivals. They are loved by people of all ages. Now paper cutting lessons are given in some middle schools. Students are taught how to make simple paper cuttings. More young people know about this great art now. 1. Paper cuttings are usually made with ______. A. white paper B. red paper C. blue paper D. yellow paper 2. Where are paper cuttings put during festivals? A. On walls B. On desks C. On windows and doors D. On books 3. Who gives paper cutting lessons in some schools? A. Artists B. Teachers C. Students D. Shop owners 4. We can infer (推断) from the passage that ______. A. Paper cutting is not popular now B. Young people learn paper cutting at school C. No one likes paper cutting D. Paper cutting has a short history 5. The passage mainly talks about ______. A. Chinese festivals B. School lessons C. Chinese paper cutting D. Different kinds of paper 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统艺术剪纸的悠久历史、常用制作材料、节日装饰用途，以及如今走进中学校园、被更多年轻人了解和传承的发展现状。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第一句 “Red paper is usually used to make paper cuttings” 可知，剪纸通常使用红纸制作，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第二句 “These works are put on windows and doors during festivals” 可知，节日期间剪纸会被贴在门窗上，故选 C。 3. 推理判断题。原文提到 “Now paper cutting lessons are given in some middle schools. Students are taught how to make simple paper cuttings”，结合常识，学校开设的课程由教师授课，其他选项均不符合原文语境，故选 B。 4. 推理判断题。A、C 选项与原文 “They are loved by people of all ages”“More young people know about this great art now” 表述相反；D 选项与原文 “It has a long history” 表述相反；根据学校开设剪纸课、学生被教授剪纸技能，可推断年轻人会在学校学习剪纸，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕 “中国剪纸” 这一核心主题展开，依次介绍了它的历史、制作、用途和传承，故选 C。 C Dumplings are popular traditional food in North China. They are made of flour (面粉) and different fillings (馅料). Different fillings are prepared (准备) for different tastes. Dumplings are usually eaten during the Spring Festival. They are cooked in hot water. Many families are invited to eat dumplings together on New Year’s Eve. Delicious dumplings are enjoyed by everyone. Now dumplings are also sold in many big restaurants around the world. More foreign friends know and love this Chinese food. 1. Dumplings are mainly popular in ______ China. A. East B. South C. North D. West 2. What are dumplings made of? A. Flour and fillings B. Rice and fruit C. Meat and water D. Bread and vegetables 3. When do people usually eat dumplings? A. On Children’s Day B. During the Spring Festival C. On Teachers’ Day D. On Christmas 4. The underlined word “cooked” means ______ in Chinese. A. 售卖 B. 制作 C. 烹饪 D. 储存 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Dumplings are only eaten in China. B. Foreign friends don’t like dumplings. C. People eat dumplings alone on New Year’s Eve. D. Dumplings are sold in restaurants all over the world. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国北方传统美食饺子的制作原料、食用时间与习俗，以及如今饺子走向世界、被越来越多外国朋友了解和喜爱的发展情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段第一句 “Dumplings are popular traditional food in North China.” 可知，饺子主要在中国北方受欢迎，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段第二句 “They are made of flour and different fillings.” 可知，饺子由面粉和不同的馅料制成，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第一句 “Dumplings are usually eaten during the Spring Festival.” 可知，人们通常在春节吃饺子，故选 B。 4. 词义猜测题。根据后文 “in hot water”（在热水中）以及饺子的食用流程，可推断 “cooked” 在此处意为 “烹饪”，故选 C。 5. 细节判断题。A 选项与原文 “dumplings are also sold in many big restaurants around the world” 不符；B 选项与 “More foreign friends know and love this Chinese food” 不符；C 选项与 “Many families are invited to eat dumplings together on New Year’s Eve” 不符；D 选项符合原文表述，故选 D。 D Rubbish (垃圾) is a big problem for cities. Now a new rule is used in most cities. All rubbish is divided (分类) by people at home first. Different kinds of rubbish are collected (收集) by cleaners every day. Useful rubbish like paper and plastic (塑料) is recycled (回收). It is made into new things again. Bad rubbish is dealt with (处理) in special ways. Everyone is asked to follow the rubbish-sorting rule. Our environment (环境) is protected better because of this rule. Let’s work together to make our cities cleaner and greener. 1. What do people do with rubbish first at home? A. Burn it B. Divide it C. Throw it away D. Sell it 2. Who collects rubbish every day? A. Teachers B. Farmers C. Cleaners D. Students 3. What can we know from the passage? A. All rubbish is useless. B. Recycled rubbish becomes new things. C. No one follows the rubbish rule. D. Rubbish is not a city problem. 4. Why do we sort rubbish? A. To make cities beautiful B. To protect the environment C. To get more money D. To save time 5. What is the best title (标题) for the passage? A. Rubbish Sorting B. City Life C. Different Rubbish D. Our Environment 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了城市推行的垃圾分类新规，包括垃圾分类的先后流程、不同类型垃圾的处理方式，以及垃圾分类对改善城市环境的重要作用，呼吁大家共同参与建设更清洁、绿色的城市。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段最后一句 “All rubbish is divided by people at home first.” 可知，人们在家首先对垃圾进行分类，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段第一句 “Different kinds of rubbish are collected by cleaners every day.” 可知，清洁工每天负责收集各类垃圾，故选 C。 3. 细节判断题。A 选项与原文 “Useful rubbish like paper and plastic is recycled” 矛盾；C 选项与 “Everyone is asked to follow the rubbish-sorting rule” 矛盾；D 选项与 “Rubbish is a big problem for cities” 矛盾；B 选项对应原文 “It is made into new things again.”，表述正确，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据原文第三段第二句 “Our environment is protected better because of this rule.” 可知，推行垃圾分类的核心目的是保护环境，故选 B。 5. 标题归纳题。全文围绕 “垃圾分类” 这一核心主题展开，依次介绍了其实施背景、具体流程和重要意义，最适合作为文章标题，故选 A。 一、首字母填空： Our school starts a new "Happy Farm" activity this term. A small farm is b______ (1) behind the teaching building. Many kinds of vegetables are p______ (2) by students here. Every Friday afternoon, students are d______ (3) to work on the farm. Water is c______ (4) from the river nearby to water vegetables. Small tools (工具) are k______ (5) in a wooden box. They are used by all students. Fresh vegetables are h______ (6) every month. They are s______ (7) to the school dining hall (食堂). Nice meals are m______ (8) with these vegetables for us. Students are t______ (9) to love labor (劳动). This special activity is l______ (10) by all teachers and students. It brings us fun and new knowledge. 【答案】1. built 2. planted 3. divided 4. carried 5. kept 6. harvested 7. sent 8. made 9. taught 10. loved 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了学校本学期开展的 “开心农场” 特色活动，详细描述了农场的建设、学生参与劳动的日常流程、蔬菜的收获与去向，以及该活动在培养学生劳动观念、带来乐趣和知识方面的积极意义。 1. 句意：教学楼后面建了一个小农场。主语 “farm” 与 “建造” 是被动关系，结合首字母 b，填 build 的过去分词 built。 2. 句意：学生在这里种植了多种蔬菜。主语 “vegetables” 与 “种植” 是被动关系，结合首字母 p，填 plant 的过去分词 planted。 3. 句意：每周五下午，学生被分配去农场干活。主语 “students” 与 “分配” 是被动关系，结合首字母 d，填 divide 的过去分词 divided。 4. 句意：水从附近的河里被运来浇灌蔬菜。主语 “Water” 与 “运送” 是被动关系，结合首字母 c，填 carry 的过去分词 carried。 5. 句意：小工具被保存在一个木箱里。主语 “tools” 与 “保存” 是被动关系，结合首字母 k，填 keep 的过去分词 kept。 6. 句意：新鲜蔬菜每个月都会被收获。主语 “vegetables” 与 “收获” 是被动关系，结合首字母 h，填 harvest 的过去分词 harvested。 7. 句意：它们被送到学校食堂。主语 “They（蔬菜）” 与 “运送” 是被动关系，结合首字母 s，填 send 的过去分词 sent。 8. 句意：用这些蔬菜为我们做出美味的饭菜。主语 “meals” 与 “制作” 是被动关系，结合首字母 m，填 make 的过去分词 made。 9. 句意：学生被教导要热爱劳动。主语 “Students” 与 “教导” 是被动关系，结合首字母 t，填 teach 的过去分词 taught。 10. 句意：这个特别的活动受到所有师生的喜爱。主语 “activity” 与 “喜爱” 是被动关系，结合首字母 l，填 love 的过去分词 loved。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业04 一般现在时被动语态 一、基本概念 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观存在的被动状态。 二、完整句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. These books are written by Mo Yan. 2. 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词过去分词 The letter isn't written in English. These trees aren't planted in spring. 3. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. -Is the bridge made of stone? -Yes, it is. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? Where are these cars made? 三、主动语态变被动语态三步法 1. 找宾语：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 2. 变谓语：谓语动词变为 "am/is/are + 过去分词" 3. 加执行者：用 "by + 动作执行者" 引出（可省略） 主动：Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. 被动：Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane. 四、使用场景 1. 动作承受者是句子的重点 2. 不知道或不需要说明动作执行者 3. 动作执行者不言而喻（如 The bridge was built in 2000.） 五、特殊情况 主动语态中，使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch）后接省略 to 的不定式，变被动语态时必须还原 to 主动：The teacher made him clean the classroom. 被动：He was made to clean the classroom by the teacher. 六、易错易混概念 1. be 动词的单复数与主语不一致 错误：The books is written by Lu Xun. 正确：The books are written by Lu Xun. 2. 过去分词拼写错误（如 write→writed，正确：written） 3. 使役动词 / 感官动词变被动时，忘记还原 to 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. All the flowers in our school ______ every morning. A. water B. are watered C. is watered D. watered 2. This kind of toy ______ in China. Many kids like it. A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made 3. —______ your classroom ______ every day? —Yes, it is. A. Do; clean B. Does; clean C. Is; cleaned D. Are; cleaned 4. The storybooks ______ by my aunt. She is a writer. A. write B. are written C. is written D. writes 5. The little boy ______ to finish his homework first after school. A. makes B. is made C. made D. are made 6. Wood (木头) ______ to make paper in many factories. A. uses B. used C. is used D. are used 7. —Where ______ these new bikes ______? —They are made in Guangzhou. A. do; make B. are; made C. did; make D. is; made 8. People ______ to protect the wild animals (野生动物) by the government. A. ask B. are asked C. is asked D. asked 9. The nice song ______ all over the world now. A. sings B. sang C. is sung D. are sung 10. We often hear her sing in the room. She ______ to sing in the school show every year. A. hears B. is heard C. is heard to D. heard to 二、完成句子： （一）句型转换 1. People grow rice in the south of China.（改为被动语态） Rice ______ ______ in the south of China. 2. We clean the windows every week.（改为否定形式的被动句） The windows ______ ______ ______ every week. 3. The shop sells nice pens.（改为一般疑问句，被动语态） ______ nice pens ______ in the shop? （二）对划线部分提问 1. These apples are grown on the farm.（对划线部分 on the farm 提问） ______ ______ these apples ______? 2. This cup is made of glass.（对划线部分 glass 提问） ______ ______ this cup ______ of? 3. The letters are written by my sister.（对划线部分 my sister 提问） ______ ______ the letters ______ by? （三）根据中文提示，每空一词完成句子 1. 每天很多信件被邮递员派送。 Many letters ______ ______ by postmen every day. 2. 这座小桥不是由石头建成的。 The small bridge ______ ______ ______ of stone. 3. 学生们被要求按时上交作业。 Students ______ ______ to hand in homework on time. 4. 他被看到每天在操场跑步。 He ______ ______ ______ run on the playground every day. 一、完形填空： Nowadays, solar energy (太阳能) is widely used around us. Many things 1 by using solar energy in our daily life. First, some street lights 2 by solar power. They 3 during the day and work at night. Second, many new houses 4 with solar panels (太阳能板). Hot water 5 for families by these panels all year round. Besides, some small cars 6 by solar energy too. They 7 not for long trips, but they are good for short rides. Rules (规则) 8 to protect solar equipment (设备). People 9 to keep them clean and safe. Solar energy is clean and cheap. It 10 more and more popular in the world. 1. A. use B. are used C. is used D. used 2. A. support B. supported C. are supported D. is supported 3. A. charge B. are charged C. charges D. is charged 4. A. build B. built C. are built D. is built 5. A. provide B. provides C. are provided D. is provided 6. A. drive B. are driven C. is driven D. drives 7. A. use B. are used C. is used D. uses 8. A. make B. made C. are made D. is made 9. A. ask B. are asked C. is asked D. asked 10. A. become B. became C. is become D. is becoming 二、阅读理解： A Our school has many rules. All the rules are made to keep our school safe and tidy. All classrooms are cleaned by students every afternoon. Desks and chairs are put in order. Books in the school library are sorted (分类) by librarians every day. They are kept well for all students. School sports meetings are held (举办) twice a year. Many interesting games are played on the playground. Students are encouraged (鼓励) to take part in all kinds of activities. All the school things are taken good care of by us. We love our beautiful school. 1. Who cleans the classrooms every afternoon? A. Librarians B. Students C. Teachers D. Workers 2. The books in the library ______ every day. A. are sorted B. are sold C. are written D. are bought 3. How often is the school sports meeting held? A. Once a year B. Twice a year C. Three times a year D. Every month 4. What are students encouraged to do? A. Clean classrooms B. Read books C. Join activities D. Sort books 5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Our school is beautiful. B. School rules are for safety and tidiness. C. We have many activities. D. Students love our school. B Paper cutting (剪纸) is a traditional Chinese art. It has a long history. Today, many beautiful paper cuttings are made by old artists (艺人) in small shops. Red paper is usually used to make paper cuttings, because red means good luck. These works are put on windows and doors during festivals. They are loved by people of all ages. Now paper cutting lessons are given in some middle schools. Students are taught how to make simple paper cuttings. More young people know about this great art now. 1. Paper cuttings are usually made with ______. A. white paper B. red paper C. blue paper D. yellow paper 2. Where are paper cuttings put during festivals? A. On walls B. On desks C. On windows and doors D. On books 3. Who gives paper cutting lessons in some schools? A. Artists B. Teachers C. Students D. Shop owners 4. We can infer (推断) from the passage that ______. A. Paper cutting is not popular now B. Young people learn paper cutting at school C. No one likes paper cutting D. Paper cutting has a short history 5. The passage mainly talks about ______. A. Chinese festivals B. School lessons C. Chinese paper cutting D. Different kinds of paper C Dumplings are popular traditional food in North China. They are made of flour (面粉) and different fillings (馅料). Different fillings are prepared (准备) for different tastes. Dumplings are usually eaten during the Spring Festival. They are cooked in hot water. Many families are invited to eat dumplings together on New Year’s Eve. Delicious dumplings are enjoyed by everyone. Now dumplings are also sold in many big restaurants around the world. More foreign friends know and love this Chinese food. 1. Dumplings are mainly popular in ______ China. A. East B. South C. North D. West 2. What are dumplings made of? A. Flour and fillings B. Rice and fruit C. Meat and water D. Bread and vegetables 3. When do people usually eat dumplings? A. On Children’s Day B. During the Spring Festival C. On Teachers’ Day D. On Christmas 4. The underlined word “cooked” means ______ in Chinese. A. 售卖 B. 制作 C. 烹饪 D. 储存 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Dumplings are only eaten in China. B. Foreign friends don’t like dumplings. C. People eat dumplings alone on New Year’s Eve. D. Dumplings are sold in restaurants all over the world. D Rubbish (垃圾) is a big problem for cities. Now a new rule is used in most cities. All rubbish is divided (分类) by people at home first. Different kinds of rubbish are collected (收集) by cleaners every day. Useful rubbish like paper and plastic (塑料) is recycled (回收). It is made into new things again. Bad rubbish is dealt with (处理) in special ways. Everyone is asked to follow the rubbish-sorting rule. Our environment (环境) is protected better because of this rule. Let’s work together to make our cities cleaner and greener. 1. What do people do with rubbish first at home? A. Burn it B. Divide it C. Throw it away D. Sell it 2. Who collects rubbish every day? A. Teachers B. Farmers C. Cleaners D. Students 3. What can we know from the passage? A. All rubbish is useless. B. Recycled rubbish becomes new things. C. No one follows the rubbish rule. D. Rubbish is not a city problem. 4. Why do we sort rubbish? A. To make cities beautiful B. To protect the environment C. To get more money D. To save time 5. What is the best title (标题) for the passage? A. Rubbish Sorting B. City Life C. Different Rubbish D. Our Environment 一、首字母填空： Our school starts a new "Happy Farm" activity this term. A small farm is b______ (1) behind the teaching building. Many kinds of vegetables are p______ (2) by students here. Every Friday afternoon, students are d______ (3) to work on the farm. Water is c______ (4) from the river nearby to water vegetables. Small tools (工具) are k______ (5) in a wooden box. They are used by all students. Fresh vegetables are h______ (6) every month. They are s______ (7) to the school dining hall (食堂). Nice meals are m______ (8) with these vegetables for us. Students are t______ (9) to love labor (劳动). This special activity is l______ (10) by all teachers and students. It brings us fun and new knowledge. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $