暑假作业03 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 系统构建副词比较级与最高级“概念-规则-应用-易错”全链条训练，融合标志词识别、词性区分等实用方法，适配中考高频考点。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |理论讲解|6大板块|“than用比较级/范围词用最高级”标志词法；hard/hardly等易混词对比|从基本概念（修饰功能）→构成规则（分类变化）→句型结构→特殊用法→运用方法→易错点，形成递进逻辑| |题型训练|单选10/完成句10/完形10/阅读3篇/回答问题5/七选5|结合语境判断比较等级；通过教材原句强化规则迁移|覆盖中考核心题型，从基础辨析到语篇应用，实现知识向语言能力转化|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业03 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 一、时间标志词绝对区分（无交叉） 时态 专属时间标志词 一般过去时 yesterday, last week/month/year, ...ago, in 20XX, just now, once（曾经） 现在完成时 since, for, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, ever, never 二、用法本质对比 1. 一般过去时：仅陈述过去某个时间发生的事实，与现在无任何关联，动作已经结束 My dad went to China last month.（只说明上个月去了，现在已回来） 2. 现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响，或动作持续到现在 My dad has been to China three times.（强调现在有三次去中国的经历） 三、同一语境下的时态转换 1. 肯定句转换：去掉一般过去时标志词，改为现在完成时标志词，动词变为 have/has + 过去分词 一般过去时：I visited the museum yesterday. 现在完成时：I have visited the museum before. 2. 否定句转换 一般过去时：I didn't see him last week. 现在完成时：I haven't seen him for a week. 3. 疑问句转换 一般过去时：Did you finish your homework just now? 现在完成时：Have you finished your homework yet? 四、解题技巧 1. 先找句子中的时间标志词，直接判断时态 2. 若无标志词，判断动作是否对现在有影响：有影响用现在完成时，仅陈述事实用一般过去时 五、易错易混概念 1. 看到 just 就用现在完成时（just now 必须用一般过去时） 错误：I have met him just now. 正确：I met him just now. 2. 混淆 in 2020（一般过去时）和 since 2020（现在完成时） 描述过去的经历时，误用过一般过去时（正确：I have been to Beijing twice.） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Where is your father? —He ______ to Beijing on business. He ______ there last night. A. has gone; went B. has been; went C. has gone; has gone D. went; has gone 【答案】A 【解析】句意：— 你爸爸在哪里？— 他去北京出差了，昨晚到的那里。考查现在完成时（has gone to/has been to辨析）和一般过去时。has gone to表示 “去了某地还未返回”，符合爸爸不在说话现场的语境；last night是一般过去时的时间标志，故第二空用went。 2. My cousin ______ in the countryside for two years. Now he lives in the city. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. will live 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我表弟在乡下住了两年，现在他住在城里。考查一般过去时。“现在住在城里” 说明 “住在乡下” 是过去发生且已结束的动作，与现在无延续关系，故用一般过去时lived。 3. —______ you ______ the movie Hi, Mom? —Yes, I ______ it with my parents last Spring Festival. A. Did; see; have seen B. Have; seen; saw C. Did; see; saw D. Have; seen; have seen 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 你看过《你好，李焕英》这部电影吗？— 是的，我去年春节和父母一起看的。考查现在完成时和一般过去时。第一句询问 “是否有过看电影的经历”，用现在完成时Have; seen；last Spring Festival是具体过去时间，故第二空用一般过去时saw。 4. I ______ my English notebook. I can't find it anywhere. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我把英语笔记本丢了，到处都找不到。考查现在完成时。“丢笔记本” 是过去发生的动作，对现在造成 “找不到” 的影响，符合现在完成时的用法，故填have lost。 5. The famous writer ______ a new novel last year, and he ______ two more since then. A. wrote; wrote B. has written; wrote C. wrote; has written D. has written; has written 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这位著名作家去年写了一本新小说，从那以后他又写了两本。考查一般过去时和现在完成时。last year是具体过去时间，第一空用wrote；since then（从那以后）是现在完成时的标志，第二空用has written。 6. —Tom, ______ you ______ your homework? —Not yet. I ______ it after dinner. A. did; finish; will do B. have; finished; will do C. did; finish; do D. have; finished; do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 汤姆，你完成作业了吗？— 还没有，我晚饭后做。考查现在完成时和一般将来时。Not yet是现在完成时的标志，第一空用Have; finished；“晚饭后做” 是将来的动作，第二空用will do。 7. We ______ many trees along the river since 2020. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. will plant 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自 2020 年以来，我们已经在河边种了很多树。考查现在完成时。since+过去时间点是现在完成时的典型时间标志，故填have planted。 8. —I called you at 8 o'clock yesterday evening, but no one answered. —Oh, sorry. I ______ a shower at that time. A. took B. was taking C. have taken D. will take 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 我昨晚 8 点给你打电话，但没人接。— 哦，对不起，我当时正在洗澡。考查过去进行时。at that time（指代昨晚 8 点）表示过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，故用was taking。 9. Mr. Green ______ in our school for five years, and he ______ here in 2018. A. has worked; came B. worked; came C. has worked; has come D. worked; has come 【答案】A 【解析】句意：格林先生在我们学校工作五年了，他 2018 年来到这里。考查现在完成时和一般过去时。for five years表示动作从过去持续到现在，第一空用has worked；in 2018是具体过去时间，第二空用came。 10. —______ you ever ______ to the Nanjing Museum? —Yes, I ______ there with my classmates last month. A. Did; go; went B. Have; been; went C. Have; gone; went D. Did; go; have been 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 你曾经去过南京博物院吗？— 是的，我上个月和同学一起去的。考查现在完成时（have been to/have gone to辨析）和一般过去时。ever是现在完成时的标志，have been to表示 “去过某地已返回”，符合语境；last month是具体过去时间，第二空用went。 二、完成句子： A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空一词） 1. My grandmother ______ (plant) many flowers in the garden yesterday. 【答案】planted 【解析】句意：我奶奶昨天在花园里种了很多花。时间状语 "yesterday"（昨天）是一般过去时的标志性时间词，表示动作发生在过去某个确定的时间点，因此谓语动词要用过去式。"plant" 的过去式直接在词尾加 - ed，即 "planted"。 2. We ______ (not see) each other since we graduated from primary school. 【答案】haven’t seen 【解析】句意：自从我们小学毕业以来，我们就没见过面。"since + 一般过去时的句子" 是现在完成时的典型时间状语，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在。现在完成时的否定结构是 "have/has not + 动词过去分词"。主语是 "We"（第一人称复数），助动词用 "have"，"see" 的过去分词是 "seen"，故填 "haven't seen"。 3. —When ______ you ______ (join) the Reading Club? —Last term. 【答案】did; join 【解析】句意：—— 你什么时候加入的读书俱乐部？—— 上学期。答语 "Last term"（上学期）表示过去的具体时间，因此问句要用一般过去时。一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形？因此第一空填助动词 "did"，第二空填动词原形 "join"。 4. The rain ______ (stop) already. Let's go out to play. 【答案】has stopped 【解析】句意：雨已经停了，我们出去玩吧。"already"（已经）是现在完成时的标志性副词，常用于肯定句中，强调动作已经完成并对现在产生影响（现在可以出去玩了）。主语 "The rain" 是第三人称单数，助动词用 "has"，"stop" 的过去分词需双写末尾辅音字母再加 - ed，即 "stopped"，故填 "has stopped"。 5. I ______ (read) this book twice. It's very interesting. 【答案】have read 【解析】句意：这本书我已经读过两遍了，非常有趣。"twice"（两次）表示动作发生的次数，是现在完成时的常用标志，强调过去的动作对现在的影响（了解书的内容，觉得有趣）。主语是 "I"（第一人称单数），助动词用 "have"，"read" 的过去分词仍为 "read"（发音变为 /red/），故填 "have read"。 B. 句型转换 1. Tom finished his homework just now.（改为现在完成时） Tom ______ ______ ______ his homework. 【答案】has just finished 【解析】原句句意：汤姆刚才完成了他的家庭作业。转换后句意：汤姆刚刚完成了他的家庭作业。现在完成时的结构为 "have/has + 动词过去分词"。主语 "Tom" 是第三人称单数，助动词用 "has"，"finish" 的过去分词是 "finished"。原句中的时间状语 "just now"（刚才）是一般过去时的标志，改为现在完成时需换成 "just"（刚刚），且 "just" 要放在助动词和过去分词之间。 2. She has lived in Suqian for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ she ______ in Suqian? 【答案】How long has; lived 【解析】原句句意：她已经在宿迁住了十年了。转换后句意：她在宿迁住了多久了？划线部分 "for ten years" 表示一段持续的时间，对一段时间提问要用疑问词组 "how long"（多久）。现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词？主语 "she" 是第三人称单数，助动词用 "has"，后面的过去分词 "lived" 保持不变。 3. They have already visited the Hongze Lake Wetland Park.（改为否定句） They ______ visited the Hongze Lake Wetland Park ______. 【答案】haven’t; yet 【解析】原句句意：他们已经参观过洪泽湖湿地公园了。转换后句意：他们还没有参观过洪泽湖湿地公园。 现在完成时的否定句结构为：主语 + have/has not + 动词过去分词。主语 "They" 是复数，助动词用 "have"，否定形式为 "haven't"。"already"（已经）通常用于肯定句，在否定句和疑问句中要换成 "yet"（还，仍然），且 "yet" 一般放在句末。 4. My father went to Beijing three days ago.（改为同义句） My father ______ ______ ______ Beijing for three days. 【答案】has been in 【解析】原句句意：我爸爸三天前去了北京。转换后句意：我爸爸已经在北京待了三天了。原句是一般过去时，"three days ago" 表示过去的时间点；转换后有 "for three days"（持续三天），需用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。"go to Beijing"（去北京）是短暂性动作，不能与一段时间连用，需转换为延续性表达 "be in Beijing"（在北京）。主语 "My father" 是第三人称单数，助动词用 "has"，"be" 的过去分词是 "been"，故填 "has been in"。 5. Did you clean your bedroom yesterday?（用 so far 改写句子） ______ you ______ your bedroom ______ ______? 【答案】Have; cleaned; so far 【解析】原句句意：你昨天打扫你的卧室了吗？转换后句意：到目前为止你打扫你的卧室了吗？"so far"（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，因此句子需改为现在完成时的一般疑问句。现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词？主语是 "you"，助动词用 "Have"，"clean" 的过去分词是 "cleaned"，时间状语 "so far" 放在句末。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Environmental Project Last month, our school 1 an environmental protection project. The teacher asked us to collect plastic bottles in our neighborhood. So far, we 2 over 500 bottles. I 3 this project very interesting. On the first day, I 4 only 10 bottles. I felt a little sad. But my deskmate Lily encouraged me. She said that every small action matters. Since then, I 5 out to collect bottles every weekend. Last Saturday, I 6 an old man in the park. He saw me collecting bottles and 7 me a big smile. He told me that he 8 collecting waste things for ten years. He said it was a good way to protect the environment. From this project, I 9 a lot. I know that protecting the environment is not a one-time thing. We should keep doing it. Our teacher says we 10 the bottles to a recycling center next week. I hope more people can join us. 1. A. starts B. started C. has started D. will start 2. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 3. A. find B. found C. have found D. will find 4. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 5. A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 6. A. meet B. met C. have met D. will meet 7. A. gives B. gave C. has given D. will give 8. A. keeps B. kept C. has kept D. will keep 9. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn 10. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主旨大意是：作者讲述了自己参与学校上个月发起的环保塑料瓶收集项目的经历。过程中作者从初期受挫到受他人鼓励坚持行动，通过与坚持拾荒十年的老人交流，深刻领悟到保护环境需要长期坚持，并期待更多人加入环保行列。 1. 句意：上个月，我们学校启动了一个环保项目。原因：时间状语 "Last month"（上个月）是一般过去时的标志，谓语动词用过去式 "started"。 2. 句意：到目前为止，我们已经收集了 500 多个瓶子。原因：时间状语 "So far"（到目前为止）是现在完成时的核心标志，结构为 "have/has + 过去分词"，主语是 "we"，用 "have collected"。 3. 句意：我觉得这个项目非常有趣。原因：此处表达作者现在的主观感受，用一般现在时，主语是 "I"，谓语动词用原形 "find"。 4. 句意：第一天，我只收集了 10 个瓶子。原因：时间状语 "On the first day"（第一天）指项目开始的过去某天，用一般过去时 "collected"。 5. 句意：从那以后，我每个周末都出去收集瓶子。原因：时间状语 "Since then"（从那以后）表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时 "have gone"。 6. 句意：上周六，我在公园里遇到了一位老人。原因：时间状语 "Last Saturday"（上周六）是明确的过去时间，用一般过去时 "met"。 7. 句意：他看到我在收集瓶子，对我露出了大大的微笑。原因："and" 连接两个并列的过去动作（saw 和 gave），时态保持一致，用一般过去时 "gave"。 8. 句意：他告诉我他已经收集废品十年了。原因：时间状语 "for ten years"（持续十年）表示动作长期延续，用现在完成时 "has kept"（初中阶段侧重考查完成时与时间段的搭配）。 9. 句意：通过这个项目，我学到了很多。原因：强调过去的经历对现在产生的影响（获得了感悟），用现在完成时 "have learned"。 10. 句意：我们老师说下周我们会把这些瓶子送到回收中心。原因：时间状语 "next week"（下周）是一般将来时的标志，用 "will take"。 二、阅读理解： A The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It has a history of over 2,000 years. The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, ordered people to build the earliest parts of the wall around 221 BC. Later, other dynasties continued to build and repair it. The most famous parts of the Great Wall were built during the Ming Dynasty. They are about 6,300 kilometers long. Every year, millions of people from all over the world visit the Great Wall. Many people say, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man." I have visited the Great Wall twice. The first time was in 2019 with my family. We climbed the Badaling Great Wall. It was very crowded. The second time was last year with my classmates. We went to the Mutianyu Great Wall. It was less crowded and more beautiful. I took many photos there. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese history and culture. I am proud of it. I hope I can visit it again someday. 1. When did Qin Shihuang order people to build the earliest parts of the Great Wall? A. Around 221 BC. B. In 2019. C. During the Ming Dynasty. D. Last year. 2. How long are the most famous parts of the Great Wall built during the Ming Dynasty? A. About 2,000 kilometers. B. About 6,300 kilometers. C. About 500 kilometers. D. About 10,000 kilometers. 3. How many times has the writer visited the Great Wall? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times. 4. Which part of the Great Wall did the writer visit with his classmates last year? A. Badaling Great Wall. B. Mutianyu Great Wall. C. Jiayuguan Great Wall. D. Shanhaiguan Great Wall. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of the Great Wall. B. The writer's experiences of visiting the Great Wall. C. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese history and culture. D. All of the above. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D 【解析】这是一篇说明与记叙结合的介绍性短文。主旨大意：文章先介绍了中国长城的世界地位、发展历史、明代长城的长度和全球知名度，再讲述了作者两次游览不同地段长城的亲身经历与感受，最后点明长城是中国历史文化的象征，抒发了作者的民族自豪感。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 “The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, ordered people to build the earliest parts of the wall around 221 BC” 可知，秦始皇在公元前 221 年左右下令修建最早的长城，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句 “The most famous parts of the Great Wall were built during the Ming Dynasty. They are about 6,300 kilometers long” 可知，明代最著名的长城段长约 6300 公里，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 “I have visited the Great Wall twice” 可知，作者一共游览过两次长城，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三、四句 “The second time was last year with my classmates. We went to the Mutianyu Great Wall” 可知，作者去年和同学去了慕田峪长城，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。文章既介绍了长城的历史（第一段、第二段），又讲述了作者的游览经历（第三段），还点明了长城的文化象征意义（第四段），A、B、C 三项均是文章内容的一部分，故选 D。 B A Special Trip to the Science Museum Last Friday, our class went to the City Science Museum. We took the school bus there. It took us about an hour to get there. When we arrived, the guide showed us around. First, we visited the Space Hall. We saw many models of spaceships and satellites. The guide told us that China has sent many astronauts into space since 2003. Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He went there in 2003. I have always dreamed of becoming an astronaut. Next, we went to the Robot Hall. There were many different kinds of robots. Some could play chess, some could dance, and some could even talk with people. I played chess with a robot. To my surprise, I lost the game! The robot was very smart. We also visited the Physics Hall and the Biology Hall. We did many interesting experiments there. We learned a lot about science. We left the museum at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. We were tired but very happy. I have never had such a wonderful trip before. I hope we can go there again soon. 1. How did the writer go to the City Science Museum? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By school bus. D. By car. 2. When did Yang Liwei become the first Chinese astronaut to go into space? A. In 2003. B. Last Friday. C. Since 2003. D. In 2020. 3. What did the writer do in the Robot Hall? A. He saw many models of spaceships. B. He played chess with a robot. C. He did many interesting experiments. D. He talked with a guide. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The writer has never dreamed of becoming an astronaut. B. The writer won the chess game against the robot. C. The writer visited four halls in the museum. D. The writer left the museum at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer doesn't like science. B. The writer had a good time at the museum. C. The museum is very far from the school. D. The writer will become an astronaut in the future. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主旨大意：作者记录了上周五和全班同学一起前往市科学博物馆的特别旅行，详细描述了参观太空厅、机器人厅、物理厅和生物厅的过程与见闻，分享了自己的收获和感受，表达了此次旅行的愉悦以及希望再次前往的心愿。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “We took the school bus there” 可知，作者乘坐校车前往科学博物馆，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句 “Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He went there in 2003” 可知，杨利伟在 2003 年成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句 “I played chess with a robot” 可知，作者在机器人厅和机器人下了象棋，故选 B。 4. 正误判断题。逐一核对原文：A 项与 “我一直梦想成为宇航员” 不符；B 项与 “我输掉了比赛” 不符；C 项正确，作者依次参观了太空厅、机器人厅、物理厅和生物厅共四个展厅；D 项与 “下午 4 点离开博物馆” 不符，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “We were tired but very happy. I have never had such a wonderful trip before” 可推断出作者在博物馆玩得很开心。A 项与原文相反，C 项 “非常远” 无法由 “车程约 1 小时” 推出，D 项 “将来会成为宇航员” 只是作者的梦想，不能确定，故选 B。 C The Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a small village near San Tai Mountain. It has changed a lot in the past ten years. Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty. There were no tall buildings. People lived in old houses. There was only one small shop in the village. People had to go to the town to buy things. The river near the village was polluted. There was a lot of rubbish in it. Now, great changes have taken place. The roads are wide and clean. Many tall buildings have been built. People live in new houses with big gardens. There are several supermarkets and restaurants in the village. People can buy things easily. The river is clean again. We can see fish swimming in it. I have lived in my hometown since I was born. I love my hometown very much. I hope it will become more and more beautiful in the future. 1. Where is the writer's hometown? A. Near San Tai Mountain. B. Near Hongze Lake. C. Near the Yangtze River. D. Near the Yellow Sea. 2. What were the roads like in the writer's hometown ten years ago? A. Wide and clean. B. Narrow and dirty. C. Long and straight. D. Short and crooked. 3. What can we see in the writer's hometown now? A. Old houses. B. Only one small shop. C. Tall buildings and supermarkets. D. A polluted river. 4. How long has the writer lived in his hometown? A. For ten years. B. Since he was born. C. For five years. D. Since last year. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of San Tai Mountain. B. The changes in the writer's hometown. C. The people in the writer's hometown. D. The beautiful scenery in the writer's hometown. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 【解析】这是一篇对比式记叙文。主旨大意：文章通过 “十年前” 与 “现在” 的鲜明对比，详细介绍了作者位于三台山附近的小村庄在过去十年间发生的全方位变化，涵盖道路、住房、商业配套和河流环境等方面，抒发了作者对家乡的热爱以及对家乡未来发展的美好祝愿。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “My hometown is a small village near San Tai Mountain” 可知，作者的家乡在三台山附近，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty” 可知，十年前家乡的道路又窄又脏，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，现在家乡建起了高楼，有了多家超市和餐馆。A、B、D 三项均是十年前家乡的旧貌，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 “I have lived in my hometown since I was born” 可知，作者从出生起就住在老家，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕 “家乡的变化” 展开，通过今昔对比展现家乡十年间的变迁。A、C、D 三项均非文章核心内容，故选 B。 D A Volunteer Experience Last summer vacation, I worked as a volunteer at the local library. I wanted to do something meaningful for the community. I started working on July 15th. I worked three hours a day, five days a week. My job was to organize books and help readers find what they needed. At first, I was a little nervous. But the librarian, Ms. Wang, was very kind. She taught me how to use the computer system to check books in and out. I met many interesting people during my volunteer work. I helped a little girl find her favorite storybook. She was very happy and gave me a big smile. I also helped an old man find some books about history. He told me that he had been coming to the library for over 30 years. By the end of the vacation, I had organized over 2,000 books. I had also helped more than 500 readers. I felt very proud of myself. I have learned that helping others can bring us happiness. I plan to volunteer again this summer vacation. 1. Where did the writer work as a volunteer last summer vacation? A. At a school. B. At a hospital. C. At a library. D. At a park. 2. How long did the writer work every day? A. For two hours. B. For three hours. C. For four hours. D. For five hours. 3. Who taught the writer how to use the computer system? A. A little girl. B. An old man. C. Ms. Wang. D. His classmate. 4. How many books had the writer organized by the end of the vacation? A. Over 2,000. B. Over 500. C. About 1,000. D. About 3,000. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The writer didn't like his volunteer work. B. The writer worked six days a week. C. Helping others can bring us happiness. D. The writer will not volunteer again. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主旨大意：作者讲述了自己去年暑假在当地图书馆做志愿者的经历，介绍了志愿工作的时间、具体内容，分享了帮助读者的暖心瞬间，以及通过志愿活动收获的成就感与感悟，表达了帮助他人能带来快乐的体会，并计划今年暑假再次参与志愿活动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “Last summer vacation, I worked as a volunteer at the local library” 可知，作者去年暑假在图书馆做志愿者，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “I worked three hours a day, five days a week” 可知，作者每天工作三个小时，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句 “But the librarian, Ms. Wang, was very kind. She taught me how to use the computer system to check books in and out” 可知，王女士教作者使用电脑系统，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 “By the end of the vacation, I had organized over 2,000 books” 可知，假期结束时作者整理了 2000 多本书，故选 A。 5. 主旨感悟题。根据最后一段倒数第二句 “I have learned that helping others can bring us happiness” 可知，这是作者从文章中得出的核心感悟。A、B、D 三项均与原文内容相反，故选 C。 一、七选五： 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Learn English Well English is one of the most important subjects in middle school. 1 However, many students don't know how to learn English well. Here are some tips for you. First, you should listen to the teacher carefully in class. 2 Take notes when necessary. Don't be afraid to ask questions. The teacher will be happy to help you. Second, practice speaking English as much as possible. You can talk with your classmates in English after class. 3 Don't be afraid of making mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes. Third, read English every day. You can read English newspapers, magazines or storybooks. 4 It can help you improve your reading skills and vocabulary. Fourth, keep an English diary. Write down what you do and what you think every day. 5 It is also a good way to practice your writing skills. If you follow these tips, I'm sure your English will improve soon. A. You can also join an English club. B. It can help you remember what you have learned. C. Many students want to learn English well. D. You should read for at least 20 minutes every day. E. It is very useful for your future. F. You should finish your homework on time. G. You can also watch English movies and listen to English songs. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. E 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主旨大意：文章针对中学生如何学好英语这一常见问题，从课堂听讲、口语练习、日常阅读和写英语日记四个维度，给出了具体且可操作的学习建议。 1. 句意：很多学生想要学好英语。根据前文 “English is one of the most important subjects in middle school” 和后文 “However, many students don't know how to learn English well” 可知，此处需衔接 “英语的重要性” 与 “学习方法的缺失”，说明学生有学好英语的普遍意愿，故选 C。 2. 句意：它能帮助你记住所学的内容。根据前文 “you should listen to the teacher carefully in class” 可知，“It” 指代 “课堂认真听讲” 这一行为，此处说明其核心作用，自然衔接后文 “Take notes when necessary” 的补充建议，故选 B。 3. 句意：你也可以加入英语俱乐部。根据前文 “practice speaking English as much as possible. You can talk with your classmates in English after class” 可知，此处是补充另一种练习英语口语的方式，“also” 体现方法的递进关系，贴合 “多开口说” 的主题，故选 A。 4. 句意：你应该每天至少阅读 20 分钟。根据前文 “read English every day. You can read English newspapers, magazines or storybooks” 可知，此处对 “每日阅读” 提出具体的时长要求，承接阅读材料的建议，引出后文 “提高阅读技能和词汇量” 的好处，故选 D。 5. 句意：它对你的未来非常有用。根据前文 “keep an English diary. Write down what you do and what you think every day” 可知，此处点明写英语日记的第一个好处，后文用 “also” 递进引出第二个好处 “练习写作技能”，逻辑连贯，故选 E。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业03 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 一、时间标志词绝对区分（无交叉） 时态 专属时间标志词 一般过去时 yesterday, last week/month/year, ...ago, in 20XX, just now, once（曾经） 现在完成时 since, for, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, ever, never 二、用法本质对比 1. 一般过去时：仅陈述过去某个时间发生的事实，与现在无任何关联，动作已经结束 My dad went to China last month.（只说明上个月去了，现在已回来） 2. 现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响，或动作持续到现在 My dad has been to China three times.（强调现在有三次去中国的经历） 三、同一语境下的时态转换 1. 肯定句转换：去掉一般过去时标志词，改为现在完成时标志词，动词变为 have/has + 过去分词 一般过去时：I visited the museum yesterday. 现在完成时：I have visited the museum before. 2. 否定句转换 一般过去时：I didn't see him last week. 现在完成时：I haven't seen him for a week. 3. 疑问句转换 一般过去时：Did you finish your homework just now? 现在完成时：Have you finished your homework yet? 四、解题技巧 1. 先找句子中的时间标志词，直接判断时态 2. 若无标志词，判断动作是否对现在有影响：有影响用现在完成时，仅陈述事实用一般过去时 五、易错易混概念 1. 看到 just 就用现在完成时（just now 必须用一般过去时） 错误：I have met him just now. 正确：I met him just now. 2. 混淆 in 2020（一般过去时）和 since 2020（现在完成时） 描述过去的经历时，误用过一般过去时（正确：I have been to Beijing twice.） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Where is your father? —He ______ to Beijing on business. He ______ there last night. A. has gone; went B. has been; went C. has gone; has gone D. went; has gone 2. My cousin ______ in the countryside for two years. Now he lives in the city. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. will live 3. —______ you ______ the movie Hi, Mom? —Yes, I ______ it with my parents last Spring Festival. A. Did; see; have seen B. Have; seen; saw C. Did; see; saw D. Have; seen; have seen 4. I ______ my English notebook. I can't find it anywhere. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose 5. The famous writer ______ a new novel last year, and he ______ two more since then. A. wrote; wrote B. has written; wrote C. wrote; has written D. has written; has written 6. —Tom, ______ you ______ your homework? —Not yet. I ______ it after dinner. A. did; finish; will do B. have; finished; will do C. did; finish; do D. have; finished; do 7. We ______ many trees along the river since 2020. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. will plant 8. —I called you at 8 o'clock yesterday evening, but no one answered. —Oh, sorry. I ______ a shower at that time. A. took B. was taking C. have taken D. will take 9. Mr. Green ______ in our school for five years, and he ______ here in 2018. A. has worked; came B. worked; came C. has worked; has come D. worked; has come 10. —______ you ever ______ to the Nanjing Museum? —Yes, I ______ there with my classmates last month. A. Did; go; went B. Have; been; went C. Have; gone; went D. Did; go; have been 二、完成句子： A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空一词） 1. My grandmother ______ (plant) many flowers in the garden yesterday. 2. We ______ (not see) each other since we graduated from primary school. 3. —When ______ you ______ (join) the Reading Club? —Last term. 4. The rain ______ (stop) already. Let's go out to play. 5. I ______ (read) this book twice. It's very interesting. B. 句型转换 1. Tom finished his homework just now.（改为现在完成时） Tom ______ ______ ______ his homework. 2. She has lived in Suqian for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ she ______ in Suqian? 3. They have already visited the Hongze Lake Wetland Park.（改为否定句） They ______ visited the Hongze Lake Wetland Park ______. 4. My father went to Beijing three days ago.（改为同义句） My father ______ ______ ______ Beijing for three days. 5. Did you clean your bedroom yesterday?（用 so far 改写句子） ______ you ______ your bedroom ______ ______? 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Environmental Project Last month, our school 1 an environmental protection project. The teacher asked us to collect plastic bottles in our neighborhood. So far, we 2 over 500 bottles. I 3 this project very interesting. On the first day, I 4 only 10 bottles. I felt a little sad. But my deskmate Lily encouraged me. She said that every small action matters. Since then, I 5 out to collect bottles every weekend. Last Saturday, I 6 an old man in the park. He saw me collecting bottles and 7 me a big smile. He told me that he 8 collecting waste things for ten years. He said it was a good way to protect the environment. From this project, I 9 a lot. I know that protecting the environment is not a one-time thing. We should keep doing it. Our teacher says we 10 the bottles to a recycling center next week. I hope more people can join us. 1. A. starts B. started C. has started D. will start 2. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 3. A. find B. found C. have found D. will find 4. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 5. A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 6. A. meet B. met C. have met D. will meet 7. A. gives B. gave C. has given D. will give 8. A. keeps B. kept C. has kept D. will keep 9. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn 10. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 二、阅读理解： A The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It has a history of over 2,000 years. The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, ordered people to build the earliest parts of the wall around 221 BC. Later, other dynasties continued to build and repair it. The most famous parts of the Great Wall were built during the Ming Dynasty. They are about 6,300 kilometers long. Every year, millions of people from all over the world visit the Great Wall. Many people say, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man." I have visited the Great Wall twice. The first time was in 2019 with my family. We climbed the Badaling Great Wall. It was very crowded. The second time was last year with my classmates. We went to the Mutianyu Great Wall. It was less crowded and more beautiful. I took many photos there. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese history and culture. I am proud of it. I hope I can visit it again someday. 1. When did Qin Shihuang order people to build the earliest parts of the Great Wall? A. Around 221 BC. B. In 2019. C. During the Ming Dynasty. D. Last year. 2. How long are the most famous parts of the Great Wall built during the Ming Dynasty? A. About 2,000 kilometers. B. About 6,300 kilometers. C. About 500 kilometers. D. About 10,000 kilometers. 3. How many times has the writer visited the Great Wall? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times. 4. Which part of the Great Wall did the writer visit with his classmates last year? A. Badaling Great Wall. B. Mutianyu Great Wall. C. Jiayuguan Great Wall. D. Shanhaiguan Great Wall. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of the Great Wall. B. The writer's experiences of visiting the Great Wall. C. The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese history and culture. D. All of the above. B A Special Trip to the Science Museum Last Friday, our class went to the City Science Museum. We took the school bus there. It took us about an hour to get there. When we arrived, the guide showed us around. First, we visited the Space Hall. We saw many models of spaceships and satellites. The guide told us that China has sent many astronauts into space since 2003. Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He went there in 2003. I have always dreamed of becoming an astronaut. Next, we went to the Robot Hall. There were many different kinds of robots. Some could play chess, some could dance, and some could even talk with people. I played chess with a robot. To my surprise, I lost the game! The robot was very smart. We also visited the Physics Hall and the Biology Hall. We did many interesting experiments there. We learned a lot about science. We left the museum at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. We were tired but very happy. I have never had such a wonderful trip before. I hope we can go there again soon. 1. How did the writer go to the City Science Museum? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By school bus. D. By car. 2. When did Yang Liwei become the first Chinese astronaut to go into space? A. In 2003. B. Last Friday. C. Since 2003. D. In 2020. 3. What did the writer do in the Robot Hall? A. He saw many models of spaceships. B. He played chess with a robot. C. He did many interesting experiments. D. He talked with a guide. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The writer has never dreamed of becoming an astronaut. B. The writer won the chess game against the robot. C. The writer visited four halls in the museum. D. The writer left the museum at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer doesn't like science. B. The writer had a good time at the museum. C. The museum is very far from the school. D. The writer will become an astronaut in the future. C The Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a small village near San Tai Mountain. It has changed a lot in the past ten years. Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty. There were no tall buildings. People lived in old houses. There was only one small shop in the village. People had to go to the town to buy things. The river near the village was polluted. There was a lot of rubbish in it. Now, great changes have taken place. The roads are wide and clean. Many tall buildings have been built. People live in new houses with big gardens. There are several supermarkets and restaurants in the village. People can buy things easily. The river is clean again. We can see fish swimming in it. I have lived in my hometown since I was born. I love my hometown very much. I hope it will become more and more beautiful in the future. 1. Where is the writer's hometown? A. Near San Tai Mountain. B. Near Hongze Lake. C. Near the Yangtze River. D. Near the Yellow Sea. 2. What were the roads like in the writer's hometown ten years ago? A. Wide and clean. B. Narrow and dirty. C. Long and straight. D. Short and crooked. 3. What can we see in the writer's hometown now? A. Old houses. B. Only one small shop. C. Tall buildings and supermarkets. D. A polluted river. 4. How long has the writer lived in his hometown? A. For ten years. B. Since he was born. C. For five years. D. Since last year. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of San Tai Mountain. B. The changes in the writer's hometown. C. The people in the writer's hometown. D. The beautiful scenery in the writer's hometown. D A Volunteer Experience Last summer vacation, I worked as a volunteer at the local library. I wanted to do something meaningful for the community. I started working on July 15th. I worked three hours a day, five days a week. My job was to organize books and help readers find what they needed. At first, I was a little nervous. But the librarian, Ms. Wang, was very kind. She taught me how to use the computer system to check books in and out. I met many interesting people during my volunteer work. I helped a little girl find her favorite storybook. She was very happy and gave me a big smile. I also helped an old man find some books about history. He told me that he had been coming to the library for over 30 years. By the end of the vacation, I had organized over 2,000 books. I had also helped more than 500 readers. I felt very proud of myself. I have learned that helping others can bring us happiness. I plan to volunteer again this summer vacation. 1. Where did the writer work as a volunteer last summer vacation? A. At a school. B. At a hospital. C. At a library. D. At a park. 2. How long did the writer work every day? A. For two hours. B. For three hours. C. For four hours. D. For five hours. 3. Who taught the writer how to use the computer system? A. A little girl. B. An old man. C. Ms. Wang. D. His classmate. 4. How many books had the writer organized by the end of the vacation? A. Over 2,000. B. Over 500. C. About 1,000. D. About 3,000. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The writer didn't like his volunteer work. B. The writer worked six days a week. C. Helping others can bring us happiness. D. The writer will not volunteer again. 一、七选五： 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Learn English Well English is one of the most important subjects in middle school. 1 However, many students don't know how to learn English well. Here are some tips for you. First, you should listen to the teacher carefully in class. 2 Take notes when necessary. Don't be afraid to ask questions. The teacher will be happy to help you. Second, practice speaking English as much as possible. You can talk with your classmates in English after class. 3 Don't be afraid of making mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes. Third, read English every day. You can read English newspapers, magazines or storybooks. 4 It can help you improve your reading skills and vocabulary. Fourth, keep an English diary. Write down what you do and what you think every day. 5 It is also a good way to practice your writing skills. If you follow these tips, I'm sure your English will improve soon. A. You can also join an English club. B. It can help you remember what you have learned. C. Many students want to learn English well. D. You should read for at least 20 minutes every day. E. It is very useful for your future. F. You should finish your homework on time. G. You can also watch English movies and listen to English songs. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $