专题01 Units 1～2高频考点+语法动词不定式&动词ing（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材沪教版

专题 Units 3~4（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握动词不定式（to do）的语法功能：作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语；理解并运用 enough to / too...to / It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do 等特殊句型。 2.掌握动名词（doing）的用法：作主语（谓语用单数；It is no use doing）；作宾语（接特定动词或介词）。 3.掌握 -ing/-ed 结尾形容词的用法：区分并正确使用 -ing（令人…）与 -ed（感到…）。 复习难点： 1. 区分并正确使用 remember/forget/regret/try/stop 后接 to do（未做/打算）与 doing（已做/方法/停止）的不同含义。 2.掌握使役动词和感官动词作宾补时的规则：make/let/see/hear + 宾语 + do（不带 to）；其余动词用 to do。 3.掌握介词后接动名词的结构：look forward to、have difficulty (in)、be good at 等短语中的 to/at/in 为介词，后接 doing。 考情规律 掌握下列核心短语在具体语境中的正确搭配：volunteer, offer, suffer from, cheer up, encourage, have difficulty doing sth. , look forward to, mean. 句型转换/翻译：常涉及形式主语 it，too...to 与 enough to 互换，建议句型 Why don’t you句型转换。 Unit 1 知识点1 volunteer 1.作动词，意为：自愿做，义务做；常见短语有：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 She volunteered to teach children English.她自愿教孩子们英语。 2.作名词，意为：自愿者。 He is a volunteer at the hospital.他是医院的一个志愿者。 voluntary adj. 自愿的，志愿的，主动的，例如：voluntary work。 She _______ to teach children English as a _______ at the community center last year. A. volunteered; volunteer B. voluntary; voluntarily C. volunteer; voluntary D. voluntarily; volunteer 知识点2 offer My best friend and I offered to help. 我和我最好的朋友主动提出帮忙。（教材p5） offer 作动词，意为“主动提出；自愿给予”。常用结构为“offer to do sth.”，表示主动提出做某事。 She offered to look after the children. 她主动提出照看孩子们。 They offered to raise money for the hospital. 他们主动提出为医院筹款。 offer 也可作名词，意为“提议；提供”。 Thank you for your kind offer. 谢谢你的好意。 He generously offered ______ for the dinner. A. pay B. to pay C. paying D. paid 知识点3 suffer from The children there all suffer from serious diseases. 那里的孩子都患有严重的疾病。（教材p5） suffer from 是一个固定动词短语，意为“患（病）；受……之苦”, 后通常接表示疾病、问题或痛苦的名词。 He suffers from headache. 他患有头痛。 注意：suffer 单独使用时，意为“遭受（痛苦、损失等）”，是及物动词。 The company suffered heavy losses. 公司遭受了重大损失。 The old man ______ a heart attack last year and has been taking medicine since then. A. suffered B. suffered from C. was suffered D. was suffered from 知识点4 cheer up We wanted to cheer them up. 我们想让他们振作起来。（教材p5） cheer up 是一个动词短语，意为“（使）高兴起来；（使）振作”。注意：当宾语是代词时（如 them, me, her），代词必须放在 cheer 和 up 中间。 The good news cheered them up. 这个好消息使他振作起来。 Cheer up! Things will get better. 振作起来！事情会好起来的。 She looked really sad. Let's try to ______. A. cheer up her B. cheer her up C. cheer up she D. cheer she up 知识点5 in low spirits He was in low spirits because he could not play it any more. 他情绪低落，因为他再也不能踢球了。(教材p5） in low spirits是一个固定短语，意为“情绪低落；意志消沉”。反义词是 in high spirits（兴高采烈）。 After losing the game, the whole team was in low spirits. 输掉比赛后，全队情绪低落。 The children were in high spirits on the trip. 孩子们在旅途中兴高采烈。 raise one’s spirits 意为“使某人振奋” Her words raised our spirits. 她的话使我们振作起来。 After his pet dog died, the little boy was ______ for a long time. A. in high spirits B. in low spirits C. raise his spirits D. in a low spirit 知识点6 continue I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 我将来会继续做志愿工作。（教材p5） continue 作动词，意为“继续”。其后可以接_动词不定式_或 __动名词__，意思基本相同。 结构1：continue to do sth. 结构2：continue doing sth. It continued raining all day. 雨持续下了一整天。 continue 后也可直接接名词。 He continued his story. 他继续讲他的故事。 Although it was getting dark, the workers ______ working in the field. A. continued B. continued to C. still D. stopped 知识点7 encourage We encouraged them to tell stories. 我们鼓励他们讲故事。（教材p5） encourage sb. to do sth. 是一个常用句型，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 My parents always encourage me to try new things. 我的父母总是鼓励我尝试新事物。 encourage 的名词形式是 encouragement（鼓励） Thank you for your encouragement. 谢谢你的鼓励。 Our teacher often encourages us ______ questions in class. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 知识点8 have difficulty (in) doing sth. Some of them have difficulty moving and taking part in social activities. 他们中有一些人在移动和参加社会活动上有困难。（教材p5） have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，学生常犯的错误在于把difficulty写成difficult；还有后面的动词要用doing，而不是动词原型。 Some disable children have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. Although he is only five, he has no difficulty ______ simple math problems. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved Unit 2 知识点1 matter Body language matters！肢体语言很重要！（教材p20） matter 在此处作不及物动词，意为“要紧；有关系”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 结构为：“主语 + matter(s)”。 Does it matter if I’m late? 如果我迟到了，要紧吗？ Your opinion matters a lot to me. 你的意见对我很重要。 matter 也可作名词，意为“事情；问题”。 It’s a personal matter. 这是件私事。 It doesn't ______ if you can't answer all the questions correctly. The important thing is to try your best. A. problem B. matter C. affect D. mind 知识点2 mean Communicating means more than just speaking. 沟通不仅仅是说话。（教材p20） 1. mean 作动词，意为“意思是；意味着”。常用结构为：“主语 + mean(s) + 名词/从句”。 communicating是动名词，在此处作句子的主语。 This sign means danger. 这个标志意味着“危险”。 What does this word mean? 这个词是什么意思？ 2. mean后面加动词ing，意为“意味着；结果是” Being late means missing (miss) the important part. 3. 词形变换：名词，意思 meaning；形容词，有意义的 meaningful To get good grades ______ studying hard every day. A. mean B. means C. means to D. meaning 知识点3 impression You don’t give people a good impression. 你没有给人留下好印象。（教材p21） impression是名词，意为“印象”。give/leave sb a good impression是固定短语，意为“给某人留下好印象”。 His polite words gave/left me a good impression. 他礼貌的言辞给我留下了好印象。 She made a bad impression on her boss. 她给老板留下了坏印象。 【拓展】impression 的动词形式是impress。 His skills impressed everyone. 他的技术给每个人留下了深刻印象。 His sense of humor ______ a deep impression on the guests at the party. A. gave B. left C. made D. all of the above 知识点4 look forward to I look forward to meeting her. 我期待着见到她。（教材p25） look forward to是一个固定短语，意为“期待；盼望”。这里的 to 是介词，所以后面要接doing。 I look forward to your reply. 我期待着你的回复。 We are really looking forward ______ you at the party. A. to see B. seeing C. to seeing D. for seeing 知识点5 Why don’t you do Why don’t you try using gestures? 你为什么不试试用手势呢？（教材p27） “Why don’t you do”是一个常用的句型，用于提出建议，意为“你为什么不……呢？”，语气比“You should...”更委婉。 Why don’t you ask your teacher for help? 你为什么不向老师求助呢？ Why don't you ______ a walk after dinner? It's good for your health. A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken 语法总结 表格总结 动词不定式 (to do) – Unit 1 动词ing形式 (doing) – Unit 2 基本形式 to + 动词原形（有时可省略to） 动词ing（动名词或现在分词） 含义 表示将要发生的动作或目的、具体某次行为 表示一般性、习惯性动作或抽象概念 作主语 1. To + 动词 + is/was + 形容词 2. It is + 形容词 + to do sth.（常用形式） 例：It is important to learn English. 1. Verbing + 谓语动词（谓语用单数） 2. It is no use + doing（it形式主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作宾语 1. 动词 + to do（want, hope, decide, learn…） 2. 动词 + 疑问词 + to do（what to do, how to go…） 例：I want to go home. 1. 动词 + doing（enjoy, finish, practice, mind…） 2. 介词 + doing（be good at, think about, look forward to…） 3. 部分动词两者均可（like, begin, continue…） 例：I enjoy reading. 作宾语补足语 1. 动词 + 宾语 + to do（ask, tell, want…） 2. 动词 + 宾语 + do（使役/感官动词：make, let, see…） 例：She asked me to help. / He made me cry. 本单元未涉及此用法 作状语 表目的（回答“为什么”） · to do（基本） · in order to do（强调） · so as to do（正式） 例：He studies hard to pass the exam. 本单元未涉及此用法（现在分词可作状语，但未要求） 作定语 后置定语，修饰名词或代词 · 名词 + to do · something/anything/nothing + to do 例：I have something to eat. 本单元未涉及此用法（现在分词可作状语，但未要求） 特殊句型 ① 形容词 + enough + to do（足够……去做） ② too + 形容词 + to do（太……而不能） ③ It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do    - for sb：说明动作特征    - of sb：评价人的品质 例：The box is too heavy to carry. It is kind of you to help. 动词ing / ed 形容词（作表语或定语） · ing：事物/人的本身特性，令人……的（interesting, exciting, boring…） · ed：人的感受，感到……的（interested, excited, bored…） 例：The movie is boring. I am bored. 否定形式 not to do 例：He decided not to go. not doing 例：He finished not eating?（通常说 He didn’t finish eating） 更常见：He suggested not waiting. Unit 1 动词不定式 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由"to + 动词原形"构成（有时可省略to），表示将要发生的动作或动作的目的。 （1）作主语 定义：不定式放在句首，充当句子的主语。 常见句型： To + 动词 + is/was + 形容词 To finish the work in one day was impossible. 在一天内完成这项工作是不可能的。 It is + 形容词 + to do sth.（常用形式） It is important to exercise every day. 每天锻炼很重要。 ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. That B. It C. This D. There （2）作宾语 定义：跟在及物动词后面，说明动作的内容。 分类：动词 + to do（直接宾语） 动词 + 疑问词 + to do（带疑问词的宾语） 常用接不定式作宾语的动词：意愿类：want, wish, hope, would like 计划类：plan, decide, agree, choose 开始类：begin, start, continue 其他：learn, promise, refuse, offer I want to buy a new dictionary. Do you know how to use this machine? Please tell me when to start the meeting. Tom promised ______ late for school again. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. don’t be （3）作宾语补足语 定义：跟在宾语后面，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 类型：动词 + 宾语 + to do The teacher told us to close the windows. 老师告诉我们关上窗户。 动词 + 宾语 + do（不带to） 1. 使役动词（have, let, make）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel）后接不带to的不定式 2. help后可接to do或do My mother made me clean my room. 妈妈让我打扫房间。 I will have the repairman fix the computer. 我会让修理工修电脑。 The funny story made everyone ______ loudly. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing （4）作状语 定义：表示动作的目的，回答"为什么"的问题。 常见形式：to do（基本形式） in order to do（强调形式） so as to do（正式用语） He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 In order to pass the exam, he reviewed all the notes.为了通过考试，他复习了所有笔记。 He spoke loudly so as to make himself heard. 他大声说话，以便让别人听清自己。 He left home early ______ the first train. A. so as to catch B. in order not to miss C. so as not to miss D. to missing （5）作定语 定义：修饰名词或代词，放在被修饰词之后。 常见结构：名词 + to do（不定式作后置定语） something/anything/nothing + to do I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。（to do 修饰 homework） There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。（介词 about 不能丢） I need a piece of paper ______. A. to write B. to write on C. writing on D. write on 二、特殊句型结构 （1）形容词 + enough + to do He is old enough to go to school.（他年龄足够大，可以上学了。） The room is big enough to hold 50 people.（房间足够大，可以容纳50人。） （2） too + 形容词 + to do 太...而不能做某事 She is too young to understand.（她太小了，无法理解。） The box is too heavy to carry.（这个箱子太重了，搬不动。） （3） It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do 详细解析 for：说明动作的特征（对某人来说...） of：评价人的品质（某人...是...的） It is important for us to learn English. 对我们来说学习英语很重要。 It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 形容词描述人的特征时用of：kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude 形容词描述事情特征时用for：important, necessary, possible, difficult 形容词描述事情特征时用for：important, necessary, possible, difficult The little boy is ______ to carry such a heavy box. A. too strong B. strong enough C. enough strong D. so strong It is very clever ______ you to solve the math problem so quickly. A. for B. of C. to D. with Unit 2 动词ing （1）作主语 定义：动词的-ing形式（动名词）在句中充当主语，表示一个动作或行为。 常见结构： Verb-ing + 谓语动词（谓语动词通常用单数形式） It is + no use + doing（常用it作形式主语） Learning a new language takes time and effort. 学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。——为打翻的牛奶哭泣没有用。 两个或以上动名词作主语时，谓语用复数： Taking notes and asking questions are (be) good study habits. It is no use ______ about the exam results now. A. worry B. to worry C. worrying D. worried （2）作宾语 定义：动名词跟在某些动词或介词后作宾语。 常用搭配动词： 必须接-ing enjoy, finish, practice, suggest, mind, avoid 可接-ing或to do like, love, hate, begin, start, continue 介词后接-ing be good at, think about, look forward to 区别“动词+doing”与“动词+to do”： · remember doing（记得做过某事） remember to do（记得要去做某事） I remember sending (send) the letter. 我记得寄过信了。 Remember to send (send) the letter. 记得去寄信。 · forget doing：忘记做过某事（事情已做，但忘记了） forget to do：忘记要去做某事（事情未做） I forget telling (tell) him the secret. 我忘记曾告诉过他那个秘密。 Don’t forget to call (call) me tomorrow. 明天别忘了给我打电话。 · regret doing：后悔做过某事（对已发生的事感到遗憾） regret to do：遗憾要做某事（通常用于通知坏消息） I regret arguing (argue) with my parents. 我后悔跟父母吵架了。 We regret to inform (inform) you that you didn’t pass the test. 我们遗憾地通知你，你没有通过考试。 · try doing：尝试做某事（看结果如何，强调方法） try to do：努力/设法去做某事（强调付出努力） You should try eating (eat) less sugar to lose weight. 你应该尝试少吃糖来减肥。 He tried to open (open) the door, but it was stuck. 他努力去开门，但门卡住了。 · stop doing：停止正在做的事 stop to do：停下来去做另一件事 Please stop talking (talk) when the teacher comes in. 老师进来时请停止说话。 We were tired, so we stopped to have (have) a rest. 我们累了，于是停下来休息一下。 · · The cake was too dry. You should try ______ some butter. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 解析： try doing 意为“尝试做某事（看效果如何）”，句意为“蛋糕太干了，你应该试着加些黄油”。B 项 try to do 表示“努力/设法去做”，但这里强调尝试新方法，用 adding 更合适 二、动词-ing和-ed形式作形容词 （1）基本区别 -ing 事物或人（本身特性） 令人……的 -ed 人（的感受） 感到……的 （2） 对比详解 bore The movie is boring.（电影很无聊） I am bored.（我感到无聊） excite The game is exciting.（比赛令人兴奋） We are excited.（我们感到兴奋） surprise The news is surprising.（消息令人惊讶） She looks surprised.（她看起来很惊讶） confuse His words are confusing.（他的话令人困惑） I feel confused.（我感到困惑） interest The book is interesting.（书很有趣） He is interested in science.（他对科学感兴趣） 用括号中词的正确形式填空。 1. The children were ________ (excite) about the school trip. 2. His explanation was so ________ (confuse) that nobody understood it. 3. I felt ________ (bore) during the long lecture. 4. It was a ________ (surprise) result for everyone. 5. Are you ________ (interest) in learning sign language? 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．My parents always ________ me ________ confident when I meet difficulties. A．encourage; be B．encourage; to be C．encourages; being D．encouraged; been 2．As the school sports meeting is coming,it is important to for us ________ sports more often. A．to practise doing B．practise doing C．practising doing D．to practise to do 3．Let your mother ________ what you have decided. A．know B．to know C．knowing D．known 4．What about ________ a letter to your friend on the Internet? Maybe he will give you the reply. A．try sending B．try to send C．trying sending D．trying to send 5．It’s very kind________ me with my English. A．for you help B．for you helping C．of you to help D．of you helps 6．________ to English songs ________ a good way to learn English. A．Listen; is B．Listening; is C．Listen; are D．Listening; are 7．Don’t forget ________ the books when you finish ________ them. A．to put away; reading B．putting away; reading C．putting away; to read D．to put away; to read 8．We were ________ when we heard the good news. A．exciting B．excited C．excite D．excitingly 9．Mr. White is humorous. He makes us ________ a lot. A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughs 10．The ________ result shocked everyone. A．surprised B．surprising C．surprise D．Surprisingly 二、完成句子 11．他们情绪低落。你能使他们高兴起来吗? They are ________ ________ ________. Can you ________ ________ ________? 12．我早上早起有困难。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ early in the morning. 13．现在越来越多的人花时间做志愿工作。 Nowadays,more and more people ________ time ________ ________ ________ 14．当我们旅行时，我们应该给当地人留下好印象。 When we travel, we should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ local people. 15．他坐起来，带着微笑准备发言。    He ________ ________ and got ready to speak ________ ________ ________. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中）Volunteering has become 1 important part of many teenagers’ lives. An increasing number of students choose to spend their spare time 2 people in need. Last year, our school started a regular volunteer programme at a local elderly care home. 3 part in this activity requires patience, kindness, and a willingness to help 4 . In the beginning, some volunteers felt a little nervous when 5 with strangers. However, the elderly residents were very friendly. They felt 6 and cheerful to have 7 to talk with. A 8 girl in our class named Lisa became the youngest volunteer there. She read stories to the residents and taught them 9 to use smartphones. She found 10 wonderful to make a difference in someone’s life. So far, the elderly people in the care home 11 great care and support from our school volunteers. Many of them said they felt 12 than before because of these visits. Our school has made it a rule that every student 13 to join in at least one volunteer activity each term. Qualities such as patience and kindness 14 never be learned from textbooks alone. Therefore, students should make great use 15 every opportunity to volunteer, as giving back to the community is one of the most meaningful things a young person can do. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．to help B．help C．helped D．helping 3．A．Take B．Taken C．Taking D．Took 4．A．other B．others C．the other D．another 5．A．talking B．talked C．to talk D．talk 6．A．pleasure B．pleased C．pleasant D．please 7．A．someone B．anyone C．no one D．everyone 8．A．fourteen-year-old B．fourteen-years-old C．fourteen -years old D．fourteen years old 9．A．what B．how C．where D．when 10．A．them B．it C．this D．that 11．A．received B．were receiving C．have received D．has received 12．A．lonely B．loneliness C．lonelier D．less lonely 13．A．requires B．has required C．is required D．is requiring 14．A．must B．can C．need D．would 15．A．of B．for C．with D．in 二、完型填空 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中）We were three days into a 27-day journey through eastern Nepal’s (尼泊尔) forests, walking through low clouds and constant rain. “Are we on the right path?” I asked my guide Raj. He 1 , rain dropping from his cap, “I’m quite sure.” As we walked down a muddy valley, a waterfall blocked our way. We removed our shoes, 2 barefoot through icy water. “This is a real adventure!” I thought. After we made our way across, we looked at each other through the downpour (暴雨) and threw our heads back in laughter, almost forgetting we were 3 and cold. This positive attitude is typical of Nepalis. When things get 4 , they make the best of it and keep walking. Life here is often hard: freezing temperatures, poor soil and few usable roads. Yet its wild beauty is 5 what draws tourists here. Hours later, we spotted a small 6 in the distance. I entered and saw Pemba, a 14-year-old boy, making tea and his little sister taking care of the fire. As the downpour beat against the roof, Pemba smiled shyly, steadily stirring (搅拌) the tea. There are many mountain shelters like this teahouse. 7 come here to rest and eat. But what they really want is to 8 others. People sit around the teahouse stoves and talk for hours, even if they come from different countries and different backgrounds. Now, as we started to go back, I 9 how important the local families were to our climb. They guided the climbers and gave us warmth. More than anything else, that was what made our 10 possible. 1．A．appeared B．nodded C．refused D．left 2．A．struggling B．sitting C．lying D．dancing 3．A．lonely B．hungry C．sad D．wet 4．A．strange B．easy C．tough D．busy 5．A．hardly B．finally C．suddenly D．exactly 6．A．café B．teahouse C．shop D．restaurant 7．A．Locals B．Guides C．Tourists D．Children 8．A．connect with B．compete against C．talk about D．wait for 9．A．forgot B．realized C．doubted D．proved 10．A．future B．decision C．journey D．Progress 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） After noticing that his keyboard playing calmed his noisy dog, Yuvi Agarwal, a 12-year-old boy from Houston, wondered if music could help comfort shelter (收容所) animals, too. So with support from his parents, he founded a nonprofit program Wild Tunes in 2023 to invite musicians to perform at animal shelters. So far, about 100 volunteers of all ages have played at nine shelters in cities including Houston and Denver. Yuvi explained that music could break through language barriers — even across species. At Denver Animal Shelter, he saw an old dog named Pituca become calm within minutes of his playing, and some animals even fall asleep. In Houston, a rescue dog called Penelope had refused to leave her cage to eat. After Yuvi played, she came out, kissed his face and touched his ears. Although music’s effect on humans is well-studied, its impact on animals remains unclear. Some research shows that classical music may help calm dogs in stressful places like animal shelters. However, experts like Dr. Lori Kogan say the evidence is still limited. “We want simple answers, like ‘music calms animals’, but it is more nuanced,” said Kogan, adding that many factors matter, such as the environment, the type of music, the volume, and the animal’s past experiences. She suggests trying music with your own pet — if it helps your pet relax, that’s good. Even though scientists are still debating, Yuvi believes music can comfort stressed animals. He plans to expand his nonprofit program across the country. Volunteers also benefit because they can play music or sing for a nonjudgmental audience. This helps build their confidence. Yuvi’s work shows that music’s calming power may work for animals too. 1．What made Yuvi start the program Wild Tunes? A．A strong interest in keyboard. B．A suggestion from his parents. C．A special experience with his own dog. D．An invitation from Houston and Denver. 2．What does the example of the rescue dog Penelope show? A．The dog loves to play with humans. B．The dog becomes even sleepier with music. C．The dog feels relaxed after listening to some music. D．The dog understands music better than other animals. 3．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．clear B．complex C．important D．surprising 4．How do volunteers benefit from Yuvi’s program? A．They get well-paid for their performances. B．They have more chances to play music or sing. C．They enjoy music’s calming effect on themselves. D．They become more confident by playing without judgement. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A Music-related Job for Volunteers B．A Music Program for Stressed Animals C．A Debate over Music’s Effect on Animals D．An Opportunity to Realise a Teenager’s Dream （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中） People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 6．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 7．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 8．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 9．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 第 19 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题 Units 1~2（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握动词不定式（to do）的语法功能：作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语；理解并运用 enough to / too...to / It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do 等特殊句型。 2.掌握动名词（doing）的用法：作主语（谓语用单数；It is no use doing）；作宾语（接特定动词或介词）。 3.掌握 -ing/-ed 结尾形容词的用法：区分并正确使用 -ing（令人…）与 -ed（感到…）。 复习难点： 1. 区分并正确使用 remember/forget/regret/try/stop 后接 to do（未做/打算）与 doing（已做/方法/停止）的不同含义。 2.掌握使役动词和感官动词作宾补时的规则：make/let/see/hear + 宾语 + do（不带 to）；其余动词用 to do。 3.掌握介词后接动名词的结构：look forward to、have difficulty (in)、be good at 等短语中的 to/at/in 为介词，后接 doing。 考情规律 掌握下列核心短语在具体语境中的正确搭配：volunteer, offer, suffer from, cheer up, encourage, have difficulty doing sth. , look forward to, mean. 句型转换/翻译：常涉及形式主语 it，too...to 与 enough to 互换，建议句型 Why don’t you句型转换。 Unit 1 知识点1 volunteer 1.作动词，意为：自愿做，义务做；常见短语有：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 She volunteered to teach children English.她自愿教孩子们英语。 2.作名词，意为：自愿者。 He is a volunteer at the hospital.他是医院的一个志愿者。 voluntary adj. 自愿的，志愿的，主动的，例如：voluntary work。 She _______ to teach children English as a _______ at the community center last year. A. volunteered; volunteer B. voluntary; voluntarily C. volunteer; voluntary D. voluntarily; volunteer 句意： 她去年自愿在社区中心教孩子们英语，作为一名志愿者。根据句意，第一空表示“自愿做”，在句中作谓语动词，常用短语 volunteer to do sth.，根据上下文时态（last year ，去年）需用过去式 volunteered；第二空表示“志愿者”，在句中作介词 as 的宾语，需用名词 volunteer，故选A 项 。 知识点2 offer My best friend and I offered to help. 我和我最好的朋友主动提出帮忙。（教材p5） offer 作动词，意为“主动提出；自愿给予”。常用结构为“offer to do sth.”，表示主动提出做某事。 She offered to look after the children. 她主动提出照看孩子们。 They offered to raise money for the hospital. 他们主动提出为医院筹款。 offer 也可作名词，意为“提议；提供”。 Thank you for your kind offer. 谢谢你的好意。 He generously offered ______ for the dinner. A. pay B. to pay C. paying D. paid 解析： 动词 offer 的固定搭配是 offer to do sth.，意为“主动提出做某事”。因此应选 to pay。其他选项均不 符合 offer 的用法，故选B。 知识点3 suffer from The children there all suffer from serious diseases. 那里的孩子都患有严重的疾病。（教材p5） suffer from 是一个固定动词短语，意为“患（病）；受……之苦”, 后通常接表示疾病、问题或痛苦的名词。 He suffers from headache. 他患有头痛。 注意：suffer 单独使用时，意为“遭受（痛苦、损失等）”，是及物动词。 The company suffered heavy losses. 公司遭受了重大损失。 The old man ______ a heart attack last year and has been taking medicine since then. A. suffered B. suffered from C. was suffered D. was suffered from 解析：suffer from + 疾病/问题 意为“患……病；受……之苦”，符合句中“心脏病发作”的语境。选项 A suffered 单独使用时，后接痛苦、损失等（如 suffer losses），不直接接具体疾病名称。选项 C、D 为被动形式，suffer 一般不用被动语态。故选B。 知识点4 cheer up We wanted to cheer them up. 我们想让他们振作起来。（教材p5） cheer up 是一个动词短语，意为“（使）高兴起来；（使）振作”。注意：当宾语是代词时（如 them, me, her），代词必须放在 cheer 和 up 中间。 The good news cheered them up. 这个好消息使他振作起来。 Cheer up! Things will get better. 振作起来！事情会好起来的。 She looked really sad. Let's try to ______. A. cheer up her B. cheer her up C. cheer up she D. cheer she up 解析：cheer up 是动词短语，当宾语为代词（如 her, him, me, them 等）时，代词必须放在 cheer 与 up 中间，即 cheer + 代词 + up。选项 A 的代词在后，错误；选项 C 和 D 使用了主格 she，且位置错误。因此，正确答案是 B. cheer her up。 知识点5 in low spirits He was in low spirits because he could not play it any more. 他情绪低落，因为他再也不能踢球了。(教材p5） in low spirits是一个固定短语，意为“情绪低落；意志消沉”。反义词是 in high spirits（兴高采烈）。 After losing the game, the whole team was in low spirits. 输掉比赛后，全队情绪低落。 The children were in high spirits on the trip. 孩子们在旅途中兴高采烈。 raise one’s spirits 意为“使某人振奋” Her words raised our spirits. 她的话使我们振作起来。 After his pet dog died, the little boy was ______ for a long time. A. in high spirits B. in low spirits C. raise his spirits D. in a low spirit 解析：in low spirits 是固定短语，意为“情绪低落；意志消沉”，符合句中“宠物狗死了”带来的悲伤情绪。选项 A in high spirits 意为“兴高采烈”，与语境相反。选项 C raise his spirits 意为“使他振奋”，是动词短语，不能与 was 直接连用作表语。选项 D in a low spirit 中 spirit 应用复数形式 spirits（固定搭配）。因此，正确答案是 B. in low spirits。 知识点6 continue I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 我将来会继续做志愿工作。（教材p5） continue 作动词，意为“继续”。其后可以接_动词不定式_或 __动名词__，意思基本相同。 结构1：continue to do sth. 结构2：continue doing sth. It continued raining all day. 雨持续下了一整天。 continue 后也可直接接名词。 He continued his story. 他继续讲他的故事。 Although it was getting dark, the workers ______ working in the field. A. continued B. continued to C. still D. stopped 解析：continue 可直接接动名词，即 continue doing sth.，表示“继续做正在做的事”。句中 “continued working” 符合结构。选项 B continued to 缺少宾语（应为 continued to work），且此处用 continuing 更自然。选项 C still 是副词，句子就缺少的是谓语动词，副词不能作谓语，选项 D stopped 与句意“虽然天黑了，但工人们继续工作”相反。 知识点7 encourage We encouraged them to tell stories. 我们鼓励他们讲故事。（教材p5） encourage sb. to do sth. 是一个常用句型，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 My parents always encourage me to try new things. 我的父母总是鼓励我尝试新事物。 encourage 的名词形式是 encouragement（鼓励） Thank you for your encouragement. 谢谢你的鼓励。 Our teacher often encourages us ______ questions in class. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 解析：固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。因此应选 to ask。选项 A 缺少 to；选项 C 是动名词；选项 D 是过去分词，均不符合搭配。因此，正确答案是 B. to ask。 知识点8 have difficulty (in) doing sth. Some of them have difficulty moving and taking part in social activities. 他们中有一些人在移动和参加社会活动上有困难。（教材p5） have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，学生常犯的错误在于把difficulty写成difficult；还有后面的动词要用doing，而不是动词原型。 Some disable children have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. Although he is only five, he has no difficulty ______ simple math problems. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 解析：固定搭配 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”，其中 difficulty 是名词，后面动词用 -ing 形式。本题为否定形式 “has no difficulty”，表示“没有困难”，但仍需用 solving。选项 A 是动词原形；B 是不定式；D 是过去分词，均不符合结构。因此，正确答案是 C. solving。 Unit 2 知识点1 matter Body language matters！肢体语言很重要！（教材p20） matter 在此处作不及物动词，意为“要紧；有关系”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 结构为：“主语 + matter(s)”。 Does it matter if I’m late? 如果我迟到了，要紧吗？ Your opinion matters a lot to me. 你的意见对我很重要。 matter 也可作名词，意为“事情；问题”。 It’s a personal matter. 这是件私事。 It doesn't ______ if you can't answer all the questions correctly. The important thing is to try your best. A. problem B. matter C. affect D. mind 解析：句意：如果你不能正确回答所有问题，也没关系。重要的是尽你最大的努力。matter 在此处作不及物动词，意为“要紧；有关系”，常用于否定句和疑问句。句意为“如果你不能正确回答所有问题也没关系”，符合语境。选项 A problem 是名词，不能作谓语；选项 C affect 意为“影响”，不符合句意；选项 D mind 作动词时意为“介意”，通常用于“Do you mind...?”结构，此处不适用。因此，正确答案是 B. matter。 知识点2 mean Communicating means more than just speaking. 沟通不仅仅是说话。（教材p20） 1. mean 作动词，意为“意思是；意味着”。常用结构为：“主语 + mean(s) + 名词/从句”。 communicating是动名词，在此处作句子的主语。 This sign means danger. 这个标志意味着“危险”。 What does this word mean? 这个词是什么意思？ 2. mean后面加动词ing，意为“意味着；结果是” Being late means missing (miss) the important part. 3. 词形变换：名词，意思 meaning；形容词，有意义的 meaningful To get good grades ______ studying hard every day. A. mean B. means C. means to D. meaning 解析：句意： 取得好成绩意味着每天努力学习。此处 mean 意为“意味着”，其后应接动名词短语。主语 To get good grades 是动词不定式短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 means。完整结构：mean doing sth.，即 means studying hard。选项 A mean 主谓不一致；选项 C means to 意为“打算做”，不符合句意；选项 D meaning 不是谓语动词形式。故选A 知识点3 impression You don’t give people a good impression. 你没有给人留下好印象。（教材p21） impression是名词，意为“印象”。give/leave sb a good impression是固定短语，意为“给某人留下好印象”。 His polite words gave/left me a good impression. 他礼貌的言辞给我留下了好印象。 She made a bad impression on her boss. 她给老板留下了坏印象。 【拓展】impression 的动词形式是impress。 His skills impressed everyone. 他的技术给每个人留下了深刻印象。 His sense of humor ______ a deep impression on the guests at the party. A. gave B. left C. made D. all of the above 解析：句意： 他的幽默感给聚会上的客人留下了深刻的印象。 固定搭配中，表示“给某人留下……印象”可以用 give/leave a...impression on sb. 或 make a...impression on sb.。三个选项 gave、left、made 均可与 a deep impression on 搭配，因此 all of the above 正确。常见句型：give/leave a good impression on sb. & make a bad impression on sb. 故选D。 知识点4 look forward to I look forward to meeting her. 我期待着见到她。（教材p25） look forward to是一个固定短语，意为“期待；盼望”。这里的 to 是介词，所以后面要接doing。 I look forward to your reply. 我期待着你的回复。 We are really looking forward ______ you at the party. A. to see B. seeing C. to seeing D. for seeing 解析：句意： 我们真的很期待在聚会上见到你。look forward to 是固定短语，其中 to 是介词，后面必须接名词、代词或动名词。因此应填 to seeing。选项 A to see 是不定式，不符合要求；选项 B seeing 缺少介词 to；选项 D for seeing 搭配错误。故选C。 知识点5 Why don’t you do Why don’t you try using gestures? 你为什么不试试用手势呢？（教材p27） “Why don’t you do”是一个常用的句型，用于提出建议，意为“你为什么不……呢？”，语气比“You should...”更委婉。 Why don’t you ask your teacher for help? 你为什么不向老师求助呢？ Why don't you ______ a walk after dinner? It's good for your health. A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken 解析：句意： 你为什么不晚饭后散散步？对你的健康有好处。Why don't you 是用于提出建议的句型，意为“你为什么不……？”，其后必须跟动词原形。因此应填 take。选项 A 是动名词；B 是不定式；D 是过去分词，均不符合此句型。故选C。 语法总结 表格总结 动词不定式 (to do) – Unit 1 动词ing形式 (doing) – Unit 2 基本形式 to + 动词原形（有时可省略to） 动词ing（动名词或现在分词） 含义 表示将要发生的动作或目的、具体某次行为 表示一般性、习惯性动作或抽象概念 作主语 1. To + 动词 + is/was + 形容词 2. It is + 形容词 + to do sth.（常用形式） 例：It is important to learn English. 1. Verbing + 谓语动词（谓语用单数） 2. It is no use + doing（it形式主语） 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作宾语 1. 动词 + to do（want, hope, decide, learn…） 2. 动词 + 疑问词 + to do（what to do, how to go…） 例：I want to go home. 1. 动词 + doing（enjoy, finish, practice, mind…） 2. 介词 + doing（be good at, think about, look forward to…） 3. 部分动词两者均可（like, begin, continue…） 例：I enjoy reading. 作宾语补足语 1. 动词 + 宾语 + to do（ask, tell, want…） 2. 动词 + 宾语 + do（使役/感官动词：make, let, see…） 例：She asked me to help. / He made me cry. 本单元未涉及此用法 作状语 表目的（回答“为什么”） · to do（基本） · in order to do（强调） · so as to do（正式） 例：He studies hard to pass the exam. 本单元未涉及此用法（现在分词可作状语，但未要求） 作定语 后置定语，修饰名词或代词 · 名词 + to do · something/anything/nothing + to do 例：I have something to eat. 本单元未涉及此用法（现在分词可作状语，但未要求） 特殊句型 ① 形容词 + enough + to do（足够……去做） ② too + 形容词 + to do（太……而不能） ③ It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do    - for sb：说明动作特征    - of sb：评价人的品质 例：The box is too heavy to carry. It is kind of you to help. 动词ing / ed 形容词（作表语或定语） · ing：事物/人的本身特性，令人……的（interesting, exciting, boring…） · ed：人的感受，感到……的（interested, excited, bored…） 例：The movie is boring. I am bored. 否定形式 not to do 例：He decided not to go. not doing 例：He finished not eating?（通常说 He didn’t finish eating） 更常见：He suggested not waiting. Unit 1 动词不定式 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由"to + 动词原形"构成（有时可省略to），表示将要发生的动作或动作的目的。 （1）作主语 定义：不定式放在句首，充当句子的主语。 常见句型： To + 动词 + is/was + 形容词 To finish the work in one day was impossible. 在一天内完成这项工作是不可能的。 It is + 形容词 + to do sth.（常用形式） It is important to exercise every day. 每天锻炼很重要。 ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. That B. It C. This D. There 解析：句意：保护环境对于我们来说是很有必要的。本题考查形式主语 it 的用法。句中真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 to protect the environment，为了避免句子头重脚轻，用 It 作形式主语，构成 It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 结构。其他选项（That, This, There）均不能用于此句型。 （2）作宾语 定义：跟在及物动词后面，说明动作的内容。 分类：动词 + to do（直接宾语） 动词 + 疑问词 + to do（带疑问词的宾语） 常用接不定式作宾语的动词：意愿类：want, wish, hope, would like 计划类：plan, decide, agree, choose 开始类：begin, start, continue 其他：learn, promise, refuse, offer I want to buy a new dictionary. Do you know how to use this machine? Please tell me when to start the meeting. Tom promised ______ late for school again. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. don’t be 解析：动词 promise 后面要接不定式作宾语，构成 promise to do sth.，否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，即 promise not to do sth.。选项 B “not to be” 符合这一结构。选项 A 缺少 to；选项 C 否定位置错误（一般 not 放在 to 前）；选项 D 是祈使句的否定形式，不能作宾语。 （3）作宾语补足语 定义：跟在宾语后面，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 类型：动词 + 宾语 + to do The teacher told us to close the windows. 老师告诉我们关上窗户。 动词 + 宾语 + do（不带to） 1. 使役动词（have, let, make）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel）后接不带to的不定式 2. help后可接to do或do My mother made me clean my room. 妈妈让我打扫房间。 I will have the repairman fix the computer. 我会让修理工修电脑。 The funny story made everyone ______ loudly. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing 解析： 使役动词 make 后接宾语补足语时，不定式省略 to，即 make + 宾语 + do sth.，表示“使/让某人做某事”。因此用动词原形 laugh。选项 B 多加了 to；选项 C 是过去分词；选项 D 是现在分词，均不符合此结构，故选A。 （4）作状语 定义：表示动作的目的，回答"为什么"的问题。 常见形式：to do（基本形式） in order to do（强调形式） so as to do（正式用语） He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 In order to pass the exam, he reviewed all the notes.为了通过考试，他复习了所有笔记。 He spoke loudly so as to make himself heard. 他大声说话，以便让别人听清自己。 He left home early ______ the first train. A. so as to catch B. in order not to miss C. so as not to miss D. to missing 解析： 句意“他早早离开家为了不错过第一趟火车”。表示否定目的用 so as not to do 或 in order not to do。选项 C 正确。选项 A 是肯定形式“为了赶上”，与句意不符；选项 B 虽形式正确但意为“为了不赶不上”，双重否定不合适；选项 D 语法错误（to 后应接原形）。故选C。 （5）作定语 定义：修饰名词或代词，放在被修饰词之后。 常见结构：名词 + to do（不定式作后置定语） something/anything/nothing + to do I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。（to do 修饰 homework） There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。（介词 about 不能丢） I need a piece of paper ______. A. to write B. to write on C. writing on D. write on 解析： 不定式作定语修饰 paper，动词 write 是不及物动词，需要加上介词 on 才能与 paper 构成逻辑上的 动宾关系（write on the paper）。因此用 to write on。A 缺少介词；C 和 D 形式错误（不定式用 to do）； 故选B。 二、特殊句型结构 （1）形容词 + enough + to do He is old enough to go to school.（他年龄足够大，可以上学了。） The room is big enough to hold 50 people.（房间足够大，可以容纳50人。） （2） too + 形容词 + to do 太...而不能做某事 She is too young to understand.（她太小了，无法理解。） The box is too heavy to carry.（这个箱子太重了，搬不动。） （3） It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do 详细解析 for：说明动作的特征（对某人来说...） of：评价人的品质（某人...是...的） It is important for us to learn English. 对我们来说学习英语很重要。 It is kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 形容词描述人的特征时用of：kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude 形容词描述事情特征时用for：important, necessary, possible, difficult 形容词描述事情特征时用for：important, necessary, possible, difficult The little boy is ______ to carry such a heavy box. A. too strong B. strong enough C. enough strong D. so strong 解析： 句意为“这个小男孩足够强壮，能搬动这么重的箱子”。表示“足够……去做某事”用 形容词 + enough + to do，故 B 正确。A 项 “too strong to...” 意为“太强壮以至于不能”，逻辑矛盾；C 项语序错误（enough 应放在形容词后）；D 项缺少 to do 结构，故选B。 It is very clever ______ you to solve the math problem so quickly. A. for B. of C. to D. with 解析： 本句形容词 clever 是评价人的智力品质（“聪明”），说明“你这个人真聪明”，符合 It is + adj. + of sb + to do 结构。若用 for，则形容词应说明动作的特征（如 important, difficult, easy 等），而 clever 不适合 for。 故 B 正确。 Unit 2 动词ing （1）作主语 定义：动词的-ing形式（动名词）在句中充当主语，表示一个动作或行为。 常见结构： Verb-ing + 谓语动词（谓语动词通常用单数形式） It is + no use + doing（常用it作形式主语） Learning a new language takes time and effort. 学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。——为打翻的牛奶哭泣没有用。 两个或以上动名词作主语时，谓语用复数： Taking notes and asking questions are (be) good study habits. It is no use ______ about the exam results now. A. worry B. to worry C. worrying D. worried 解析： 句型 It is no use + doing sth. 表示“做……没有用”，其中 it 是形式主语，真正主语是 后面的动名词短语。因此应填 worrying。A 是动词原形；B 是不定式（虽可作主语，但此句 型固定用 doing）；D 是过去词，故选C。 （2）作宾语 定义：动名词跟在某些动词或介词后作宾语。 常用搭配动词： 必须接-ing enjoy, finish, practice, suggest, mind, avoid 可接-ing或to do like, love, hate, begin, start, continue 介词后接-ing be good at, think about, look forward to 区别“动词+doing”与“动词+to do”： · remember doing（记得做过某事） remember to do（记得要去做某事） I remember sending (send) the letter. 我记得寄过信了。 Remember to send (send) the letter. 记得去寄信。 · forget doing：忘记做过某事（事情已做，但忘记了） forget to do：忘记要去做某事（事情未做） I forget telling (tell) him the secret. 我忘记曾告诉过他那个秘密。 Don’t forget to call (call) me tomorrow. 明天别忘了给我打电话。 · regret doing：后悔做过某事（对已发生的事感到遗憾） regret to do：遗憾要做某事（通常用于通知坏消息） I regret arguing (argue) with my parents. 我后悔跟父母吵架了。 We regret to inform (inform) you that you didn’t pass the test. 我们遗憾地通知你，你没有通过考试。 · try doing：尝试做某事（看结果如何，强调方法） try to do：努力/设法去做某事（强调付出努力） You should try eating (eat) less sugar to lose weight. 你应该尝试少吃糖来减肥。 He tried to open (open) the door, but it was stuck. 他努力去开门，但门卡住了。 · stop doing：停止正在做的事 stop to do：停下来去做另一件事 Please stop talking (talk) when the teacher comes in. 老师进来时请停止说话。 We were tired, so we stopped to have (have) a rest. 我们累了，于是停下来休息一下。 · · The cake was too dry. You should try ______ some butter. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 解析： try doing 意为“尝试做某事（看效果如何）”，句意为“蛋糕太干了，你应该试着加些黄油”。B 项 try to do 表示“努力/设法去做”，但这里强调尝试新方法，用 adding 更合适 二、动词-ing和-ed形式作形容词 （1）基本区别 -ing 事物或人（本身特性） 令人……的 -ed 人（的感受） 感到……的 （2） 对比详解 bore The movie is boring.（电影很无聊） I am bored.（我感到无聊） excite The game is exciting.（比赛令人兴奋） We are excited.（我们感到兴奋） surprise The news is surprising.（消息令人惊讶） She looks surprised.（她看起来很惊讶） confuse His words are confusing.（他的话令人困惑） I feel confused.（我感到困惑） interest The book is interesting.（书很有趣） He is interested in science.（他对科学感兴趣） 用括号中词的正确形式填空。 1. The children were excited (excite) about the school trip. 2. His explanation was so confusing (confuse) that nobody understood it. 3. I felt bored (bore) during the long lecture. 4. It was a surprising (surprise) result for everyone. 5. Are you interested (interest) in learning sign language? 解析：1.主语是 children“孩子们”（人），表示“孩子们对旅行感到兴奋”，用 -ed 形式。 2.主语是 explanation “解释”（事物），表示“他的解释令人困惑”，用 -ing 形式。 3. 主语是 I（人），表示“我感到无聊”，用 -ed 形式。 4. 修饰名词 result（结果），表示“令人惊讶的结果”，用 -ing 形式。 5. 主语是 you（人），表示“你对……感兴趣”，用 -ed 形式，且固定搭配 be interested in。 模块说明： 1. 对专题涉及的单元知识点分层进行实战演练。 2. 可以设计基础题（全员必会，10~15道小题）、提升题（中等以上学生完成，语篇题为主，3~5道）、拓展题（学有余力学生挑战，语篇题为主，1~2道））等不同层次的练习任务。也可以从其他拓展拔高的维度设计，比如重难突破、易混易错、链接中考等。试题有典型性。优先选用近年的期末真题，最具参考价值。 （组稿完成后，该文本框需删除） 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．My parents always ________ me ________ confident when I meet difficulties. A．encourage; be B．encourage; to be C．encourages; being D．encouraged; been 2．As the school sports meeting is coming,it is important to for us ________ sports more often. A．to practise doing B．practise doing C．practising doing D．to practise to do 3．Let your mother ________ what you have decided. A．know B．to know C．knowing D．known 4．What about ________ a letter to your friend on the Internet? Maybe he will give you the reply. A．try sending B．try to send C．trying sending D．trying to send 5．It’s very kind________ me with my English. A．for you help B．for you helping C．of you to help D．of you helps 6．________ to English songs ________ a good way to learn English. A．Listen; is B．Listening; is C．Listen; are D．Listening; are 7．Don’t forget ________ the books when you finish ________ them. A．to put away; reading B．putting away; reading C．putting away; to read D．to put away; to read 8．We were ________ when we heard the good news. A．exciting B．excited C．excite D．excitingly 9．Mr. White is humorous. He makes us ________ a lot. A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughs 10．The ________ result shocked everyone. A．surprised B．surprising C．surprise D．Surprisingly 解析： 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B A A C C B A B C B 1．B 【详解】句意：当我遇到困难时，我的父母总是鼓励我要自信。 主语My parents为复数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形encourage；固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，confident是形容词，前面需用be动词，故第二空填to be。 2．A 【详解】句意：随着校运会的临近，对我们来说更经常地练习运动是很重要的。   to practise doing不定式作真正主语，意为“练习做某事”；practise doing动词原形；practising doing动名词短语；to practise to do不定式，但practise后不接不定式。本句中“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”为固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式短语。practise后应接动名词作宾语，故to practise doing符合结构要求。 3．A 【详解】句意：让你妈妈知道你所做的决定。 考查使役动词let和不带to的动词不定式。根据“Let your mother...what you have decided.”和选项可知，此处表示让你的妈妈知道你所做的决定，可用let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，此空应是动词原形know。故选A。 4．C 【详解】句意：在网上尝试给你的朋友发一封信怎么样？也许他会给你回复。 根据“What about ... a letter to your friend on the Internet?”可知，此处是建议尝试某种方法，用try doing sth，且“about”是介词，后跟动名词形式，应填trying sending。 5．C 【详解】句意：你帮助我学习英语，真是太好了。 “It’s+adj.+of/for+sb+to do sth”是固定句型，句中it是形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式。若是描述人的性格、品质的形容词，介词用of；若是描述事物性质的形容词，介词用for。kind表示“善良的”，表示人的品质，因此用of，后接to help。 6．B 【详解】句意：听英语歌曲是学习英语的好方法。 第一空位于句首作主语，应用动名词形式Listening；动名词短语作主语时视为单数，应该用is。 7．A 【详解】句意：当你读完这些书时，别忘了把它们收起来。 forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”，还没有做；forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事”，已经做过。finish doing sth.表示“完成做某事”。根据“Don’t forget”可知，是提醒未做的动作，第一空用to put away；finish后接动名词，第二空用reading。 8．B 【详解】句意：当我们听到这个好消息时，我们很激动。 exciting令人激动的，常用来修饰物；excited感到激动的，常用来修饰人；excite使激动，是动词；excitingly激动地，是副词。这里描述的是“我们”的感受，即“我们感到激动”，应填excited。 9．C 【详解】句意：怀特先生很幽默。他让我们笑个不停。 make sb. do sth.是固定用法，表示“让某人做某事”，动词用原形，应填laugh。 10．B 【详解】句意：这个令人惊讶的结果震惊了所有人。 surprised感到惊讶的；surprising令人惊讶的；surprise惊喜；surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据“The...result”可知，此处是形容词修饰名词result，是指物，应填surprising。 二、完成句子 11．他们情绪低落。你能使他们高兴起来吗? They are ________ ________ ________. Can you ________ ________ ________? 12．我早上早起有困难。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ early in the morning. 13．现在越来越多的人花时间做志愿工作。 Nowadays,more and more people ________ time ________ ________ ________ 14．当我们旅行时，我们应该给当地人留下好印象。 When we travel, we should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ local people. 15．他坐起来，带着微笑准备发言。    He ________ ________ and got ready to speak ________ ________ ________. 解析：11．in low spirits cheer them up 【详解】原句中“情绪低落”和“使他们高兴起来”是关键词，“情绪低落”对应的固定短语是in low spirits，“使他们高兴起来”对应的固定短语是cheer them up，can为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填in；low；spirits；cheer；them；up。 12. have difficulty getting up 【详解】原句中“做某事有困难”是关键词，对应的固定搭配是have difficulty doing sth，“起床”对应get up，本句为一般现在时，主语是第一人称I，谓语动词用原形。故填have；difficulty；getting；up。 13．spend doing voluntary work 【详解】原句中“花时间做”是关键表达，“花时间做某事”的固定搭配为spend time (in) doing sth.，“志愿工作”对应英文voluntary work。 本句为一般现在时，主语more and more people为复数，谓语动词用原形；spend后需接动名词形式；voluntary作形容词修饰名词work。 13. make/leave a good impression on 【详解】原句中“给……留下好印象”为关键信息，对应固定搭配make/leave a good impression on sb.。 15．sat up with a smile 【详解】原句中“坐起来”是关键词，表示“坐起来”的短语是sit up，后半句“带着微笑”对应短语with a smile。本句时态为一般过去时，sit的过去式为sat。故填sat；up；with；a；smile. 试卷第1页，共3页 第 1 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中）Volunteering has become 1 important part of many teenagers’ lives. An increasing number of students choose to spend their spare time 2 people in need. Last year, our school started a regular volunteer programme at a local elderly care home. 3 part in this activity requires patience, kindness, and a willingness to help 4 . In the beginning, some volunteers felt a little nervous when 5 with strangers. However, the elderly residents were very friendly. They felt 6 and cheerful to have 7 to talk with. A 8 girl in our class named Lisa became the youngest volunteer there. She read stories to the residents and taught them 9 to use smartphones. She found 10 wonderful to make a difference in someone’s life. So far, the elderly people in the care home 11 great care and support from our school volunteers. Many of them said they felt 12 than before because of these visits. Our school has made it a rule that every student 13 to join in at least one volunteer activity each term. Qualities such as patience and kindness 14 never be learned from textbooks alone. Therefore, students should make great use 15 every opportunity to volunteer, as giving back to the community is one of the most meaningful things a young person can do. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．to help B．help C．helped D．helping 3．A．Take B．Taken C．Taking D．Took 4．A．other B．others C．the other D．another 5．A．talking B．talked C．to talk D．talk 6．A．pleasure B．pleased C．pleasant D．please 7．A．someone B．anyone C．no one D．everyone 8．A．fourteen-year-old B．fourteen-years-old C．fourteen -years old D．fourteen years old 9．A．what B．how C．where D．when 10．A．them B．it C．this D．that 11．A．received B．were receiving C．have received D．has received 12．A．lonely B．loneliness C．lonelier D．less lonely 13．A．requires B．has required C．is required D．is requiring 14．A．must B．can C．need D．would 15．A．of B．for C．with D．in 解析：1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年参与志愿者活动的意义，以及学校组织的养老院志愿服务项目给老人和学生带来的影响。 【详解】1．句意：志愿服务已经成为许多青少年生活中“一个”重要的部分。 空后单词“important”是以元音音素开头的，因此前面的不定冠词应用“an”。“a”用于辅音音素开头的单词前；“the”是定冠词，表示特指，此处表示泛指“一个”，不符合语境。 2．句意：越来越多的学生选择花费他们的业余时间去“帮助”有需要的人。 固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”意为“花费时间做某事”，因此此处应用动名词形式“helping”。“to help”是不定式，通常表目的；“help”是原形；“helped”是过去式，均不符合该固定搭配。 3．句意：“参加”这项活动需要耐心、善良和乐于助人的意愿。 句中“requires”是谓语动词，前面的部分是主语。动词原形不能作主语，应用动名词短语“Taking part in this activity”作主语。“Take”是原形；“Taken”是过去分词；“Took”是过去式，均不能作主语。 4．句意：参加这项活动需要耐心、善良和乐于助人的意愿。 此处指“帮助“其他人”，“others”是代词，意为“其他人”，相当于“other people”，符合语境。“other”是形容词，后需接名词；“the other”指两者中的另一个；“another”指三者或三者以上中的另一个，均不符合语境。 5．句意：一开始，一些志愿者在与陌生人“交谈”时感到有点紧张。 句中“when”引导的时间状语从句省略了主语和be动词，完整形式为“when they were talking with strangers”，因此此处应用现在分词“talking”。“talked”是过去式；“to talk”是不定式；“talk”是原形，均不符合省略句的用法。 6．句意：他们感到“高兴”和愉快，因为有人可以和他们交谈。 此处“felt”是系动词，后接形容词作表语。“pleased”是形容词，意为“高兴的”，修饰人，符合语境。“pleasure”是名词，意为“快乐”；“pleasant”是形容词，意为“令人愉快的”，通常修饰物；“please”是动词，意为“使高兴”，均不符合语境。 7．句意：他们感到高兴和愉快，因为“有人”可以和他们交谈。 此处指“有人”可以和他们交谈，“someone”意为“某人，有人”，符合语境。“anyone”通常用于否定句或疑问句；“no one”意为“没有人”，与句意相反；“everyone”意为“每个人”，不符合语境。 8．句意：我们班“一个十四岁的”女孩丽莎成为了那里最年轻的志愿者。 复合形容词“数词-名词-形容词”作定语时，名词用单数形式，因此“十四岁的”应表达为“fourteen-year-old”。“fourteen-years-old”中“years”用了复数，错误；“fourteen -years old”格式错误；“fourteen years old”通常作表语，不作定语。 9．句意：她给老人们读故事，并教他们“如何”使用智能手机。 此处指教老人们“如何”使用智能手机，“how”意为“如何”，符合语境。“what”意为“什么”；“where”意为“在哪里”；“when”意为“什么时候”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：她发现改变某人的生活是“很棒的”。 固定句型“find it+adj.+to do sth.”意为“发现做某事是……的”，其中“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。因此此处应用“it”。“them”是宾格代词；“this”是指示代词；“that”是指示代词，均不符合该句型。 11．句意：到目前为止，养老院的老人们“已经收到”了我们学校志愿者的悉心照顾和支持。 时间状语“So far”意为“到目前为止”，通常与现在完成时连用。主语“the elderly people”是复数，因此谓语动词应用“have received”。“received”是一般过去时；“were receiving”是过去进行时；“has received”是现在完成时，但主语是单数，均不符合语境。 12．句意：他们中的许多人说，因为这些探望，他们感到比以前“不那么孤独”了。 根据语境，志愿者们的探望让老人们感到不那么孤独了，“less lonely”意为“不那么孤独”，符合语境。“lonely”是原级；“loneliness”是名词，意为“孤独”；“lonelier”是比较级，意为“更孤独”，与句意相反，均不符合语境。 13．句意：我们学校规定每个学生每学期“被要求”参加至少一项志愿者活动。 主语“every student”与动词“require”之间是被动关系，因此应用被动语态“is required”。“requires”是主动语态；“has required”是现在完成时主动语态；“is requiring”是现在进行时主动语态，均不符合语境。 14．句意：诸如耐心和善良之类的品质“不能”仅仅从课本中学到。 根据语境，耐心和善良等品质不能仅仅从课本中学到，“can”与“never”连用表示“不能”，符合语境。“must”意为“必须”；“need”意为“需要”；“would”意为“将要”，均不符合语境。 15．句意：因此，学生们应该充分利用每一个做志愿者的机会。 固定搭配“make great use of”意为“充分利用”，因此此处应用介词“of”。“for”意为“为了”；“with”意为“和……一起”；“in”意为“在……里面”，均不符合该固定搭配。 二、完型填空 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中）We were three days into a 27-day journey through eastern Nepal’s (尼泊尔) forests, walking through low clouds and constant rain. “Are we on the right path?” I asked my guide Raj. He 1 , rain dropping from his cap, “I’m quite sure.” As we walked down a muddy valley, a waterfall blocked our way. We removed our shoes, 2 barefoot through icy water. “This is a real adventure!” I thought. After we made our way across, we looked at each other through the downpour (暴雨) and threw our heads back in laughter, almost forgetting we were 3 and cold. This positive attitude is typical of Nepalis. When things get 4 , they make the best of it and keep walking. Life here is often hard: freezing temperatures, poor soil and few usable roads. Yet its wild beauty is 5 what draws tourists here. Hours later, we spotted a small 6 in the distance. I entered and saw Pemba, a 14-year-old boy, making tea and his little sister taking care of the fire. As the downpour beat against the roof, Pemba smiled shyly, steadily stirring (搅拌) the tea. There are many mountain shelters like this teahouse. 7 come here to rest and eat. But what they really want is to 8 others. People sit around the teahouse stoves and talk for hours, even if they come from different countries and different backgrounds. Now, as we started to go back, I 9 how important the local families were to our climb. They guided the climbers and gave us warmth. More than anything else, that was what made our 10 possible. 1．A．appeared B．nodded C．refused D．left 2．A．struggling B．sitting C．lying D．dancing 3．A．lonely B．hungry C．sad D．wet 4．A．strange B．easy C．tough D．busy 5．A．hardly B．finally C．suddenly D．exactly 6．A．café B．teahouse C．shop D．restaurant 7．A．Locals B．Guides C．Tourists D．Children 8．A．connect with B．compete against C．talk about D．wait for 9．A．forgot B．realized C．doubted D．proved 10．A．future B．decision C．journey D．Progress 解析：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者在尼泊尔徒步的经历，感悟当地人的积极态度及人际联结使旅程成为可能。 【详解】1．句意：他点点头，雨水从他的帽子上滴落下来，“我相当确定。” 前文提到作者问“我们走对路了吗？”，后文提到他回答“我相当确定”。在回答之前，他先有一个肯定的动作回应，即“点头”。应选用nodded。 2．句意：我们脱下鞋子，赤脚在冰冷的水中挣扎前行。 上文说脱掉鞋子，下文说走过冰冷的水。赤脚在冰水中行走是困难的，struggling表示“挣扎着、艰难地”，符合语境。 3．句意：我们成功穿过去之后，透过暴雨看着彼此，仰头大笑，几乎忘了我们浑身湿透又寒冷。 上文提到“through the downpour(暴雨)”，说明衣服“湿”了。应选用wet。 4．句意：当情况变得艰难时，他们尽力而为，继续前行。 上文说“尼泊尔人有积极的态度”，下文具体说明“生活在这里常常很艰苦：极冷的温度、贫瘠的土壤、缺乏可用的道路”，空处需要点明情况的“艰难”，与后文的hard呼应。应选用tough。 5．句意：然而，它的自然美景正是吸引游客来这里的原因。 上文说生活艰苦，下文说“Yet its wild beauty draws tourists here”，yet表示转折，exactly强调“正是”这种野性之美吸引了游客，起到加强语气的作用。 6．句意：几个小时后，我们看到远处有一家小茶馆。 后文提到 Pemba在making tea和stirring the tea，下一段第一句明确说“There are many mountain shelters like this teahouse”，所以这里的建筑是“茶馆”。应选用teahouse。 7．句意：游客来这里休息和吃饭。 前文讲teahouse是山间休息站，后文说“they come from different countries and different backgrounds”，能来自不同国家的人应该是“游客”，应选用tourists。 8．句意：但他们真正想要的是与他人建立联系。 后文提到“不同国家的人坐在茶馆谈论数小时”，说明人们寻求的是“交流连接”。应选用connect with。 9．句意：现在，当我们开始返回时，我意识到当地家庭对我们的攀登有多么重要。 上文描述旅途中的经历，now表示回到现在的时间点，as we started to go back表示“在返回时”，这时作者回顾旅途，产生了新的认识。realized表示“意识到”，符合这种“回顾后明白”的语境。 10．句意：最重要的是，正是这一点让我们的旅程成为可能。 根据首段“27-day journey”可知，此处指这次徒步旅程。应选用journey。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） After noticing that his keyboard playing calmed his noisy dog, Yuvi Agarwal, a 12-year-old boy from Houston, wondered if music could help comfort shelter (收容所) animals, too. So with support from his parents, he founded a nonprofit program Wild Tunes in 2023 to invite musicians to perform at animal shelters. So far, about 100 volunteers of all ages have played at nine shelters in cities including Houston and Denver. Yuvi explained that music could break through language barriers — even across species. At Denver Animal Shelter, he saw an old dog named Pituca become calm within minutes of his playing, and some animals even fall asleep. In Houston, a rescue dog called Penelope had refused to leave her cage to eat. After Yuvi played, she came out, kissed his face and touched his ears. Although music’s effect on humans is well-studied, its impact on animals remains unclear. Some research shows that classical music may help calm dogs in stressful places like animal shelters. However, experts like Dr. Lori Kogan say the evidence is still limited. “We want simple answers, like ‘music calms animals’, but it is more nuanced,” said Kogan, adding that many factors matter, such as the environment, the type of music, the volume, and the animal’s past experiences. She suggests trying music with your own pet — if it helps your pet relax, that’s good. Even though scientists are still debating, Yuvi believes music can comfort stressed animals. He plans to expand his nonprofit program across the country. Volunteers also benefit because they can play music or sing for a nonjudgmental audience. This helps build their confidence. Yuvi’s work shows that music’s calming power may work for animals too. 1．What made Yuvi start the program Wild Tunes? A．A strong interest in keyboard. B．A suggestion from his parents. C．A special experience with his own dog. D．An invitation from Houston and Denver. 2．What does the example of the rescue dog Penelope show? A．The dog loves to play with humans. B．The dog becomes even sleepier with music. C．The dog feels relaxed after listening to some music. D．The dog understands music better than other animals. 3．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．clear B．complex C．important D．surprising 4．How do volunteers benefit from Yuvi’s program? A．They get well-paid for their performances. B．They have more chances to play music or sing. C．They enjoy music’s calming effect on themselves. D．They become more confident by playing without judgement. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A Music-related Job for Volunteers B．A Music Program for Stressed Animals C．A Debate over Music’s Effect on Animals D．An Opportunity to Realise a Teenager’s Dream （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期中） People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 6．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 7．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 8．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 9．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 10．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 解析： 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了12岁的男孩Yuvi Agarwal发现音乐能安抚自己的宠物狗，进而想知道音乐是否也能帮助收容所的动物。在父母支持下，他创立了“Wild Tunes”非营利项目，邀请音乐家到动物收容所表演。 【详解】1．根据第一段“After noticing that his keyboard playing calmed his noisy dog…he founded a nonprofit program Wild Tunes in 2023”可知，是他和自己的狗特殊经历促使他启动该项目。 2．根据第二段“In Houston, a rescue dog called Penelope had refused to leave her cage to eat. After Yuvi played, she came out, kissed his face and touched his ears”，这说明Penelope在听了音乐后变得放松了。 3．前文提到人们想要“音乐能安抚动物”这样的简单答案，但后文指出影响效果的因素很多 (环境、音乐类型、音量、动物过往经历)，说明实际情况并非单一简单，而是“微妙且复杂的”；因此“nuanced”在这里意为“复杂的、多方面的”，与“complex”同义。 4．根据最后一段“Volunteers also benefit because they can play music or sing for a nonjudgmental audience. This helps build their confidence.”可知，志愿者通过在无评判的环境中演奏，变得更加自信。 5．全文围绕Yuvi发起的Wild Tunes项目展开，核心主题是“用音乐帮助缓解收容所中压力较大的动物”，因此“A Music Program for Stressed Animals”最贴合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。 【详解】6．推理判断题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ... It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。 9．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。 10．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。 第 19 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $