专题04 Units 7～8高频考点+语法过去进行时&原因状语从句（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材沪教版

专题 Units 7~8（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 过去进行时的肯定、否定、疑问句型结构。 2. while 与 when 在时间状语从句中的区别（while + 延续性动词/过去进行时；when + 短暂动词/一般过去时）。 3. 原因状语从句引导词 because（最强，回答why）、as（由于，已知原因）、since（既然，显而易见原因）的用法。 复习难点： 1. 区分过去进行时与一般过去时：过去进行时强调“未完成”，一般过去时强调“已完成”。 2. while 与 when 的用法区别：while 后多用过去进行时（延续性动作）；when 后多用一般过去时（短暂动作）。 3. because 与 because of 的区别：because + 从句，because of + 名词/代词/动名词。 4. because 与 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 5. since 的双重含义：引导原因状语从句时意为“既然”；引导时间状语从句时意为“自从”。 6. as if 引导的虚拟语气（与事实相反时的时态变化）。 考情规律 掌握下列核心短语在具体语境中的正确搭配：the proudest moment, seem like, a shock to, It turns out that, cannot afford to do, stop sb. from doing, by mistake, hear sb. doing, keep quiet, in fear, as if, refuse to do, since（既然）, turn out to be, have difficulty doing（前单元）, look forward to（前单元）等 句型转换/翻译：• 过去进行时与一般过去时的转换（when / while 句型） • because 与 because of 互换 • 合并句子（用 because / as / since） • 改错（because 与 so 连用、过去进行时缺 be 动词等） • 翻译句子（过去进行时、原因状语从句、it turns out that 等） Unit 7 知识点1 the proudest moment It was the proudest moment of my life. 那是我一生中最骄傲的时刻。 the + 形容词最高级 + moment of one’s life 是一个常用结构，意为“某人一生中最……的时刻”。proudest 是 proud 的最高级形式，意为“最骄傲的”。 It was the happiest moment of my life.那是我一生中最幸福的时刻。 Winning the championship was _______ moment of his life. A. proud B. prouder C. the proudest D. most proud 知识点2 seem like 知识点2：The minutes seemed like hours. 几分钟仿佛像几个小时一样漫长。 seem like... 意为“仿佛像……；似乎像……”，表示一种比喻或主观感受。 常用于形容时间过得很慢或很快，或表达对某事物的主观印象。 常见搭配： seem like + 名词（仿佛像……） seem to be + 形容词（似乎是……） While waiting for the result, the days seemed like years. 等待结果时，几天仿佛像几年一样漫长。 While waiting for the exam results, every day _______ a year. A. seemed like B. seemed to C. looked like D. felt like 知识点3 a shock to It was a shock to my body. 这对我的身体来说是一种冲击。 a shock to + 名词 意为“对……来说是一种冲击/震惊”。 shock 在此作可数名词，表示“令人震惊的事”或“强烈的冲击”。 Moving to a new city was a shock to Tom. 搬家到一个新城市对汤姆来说是一种冲击。 The sudden change of plans was a great _______ everyone. A. shock for B. shock to C. shocking to D. shocked to 知识点4 It turns out that... 知识点4：It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too. 事实证明，在太空中吃东西也可以是一种乐趣。 It turns out that... 是一个固定句型，意为“事实证明……；结果证明……”，常用于引出一个出乎意料的事实或与预期相反的结果。 常见句型： It turns out that + 从句（事实证明……） turn out to be + 形容词/名词（结果是……） It turns out that exercising is also important in space. 事实证明，在太空中锻炼也很重要。 _______ the new method works better than the old one. A. It turns out that B. It turned out that C. It turns out to D. It is turned out that 知识点5 cannot afford to do sth. We can’t afford to make any mistakes. 我们承担不起犯任何错误。 cannot afford to do sth. 是一个固定短语，意为“承担不起做某事的后果”，强调后果的严重性，后接动词原形。 cannot afford + 名词（买不起/承担不起） We can’t afford to make any mistakes in this exam. 在这次考试中，我们承担不起犯任何错误。 With such a tight budget, we _______ any waste of materials. A. can't afford B. can't afford to C. can't afford having D. couldn't afford to have 知识点6 stop sb. from doing sth. & by mistake This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake. 这阻止了我在房间里四处飘浮和不小心撞到东西。 stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，from 后接动名词。 同义短语 prevent / keep sb from doing The seat belt stopped the passengers from getting hurt in the accident. 安全带阻止了乘客在事故中受伤。 by mistake 是固定短语，意为“错误地；无意中”，在句中作状语。 The guard _______ the stranger _______ entering the building. A. stopped; from B. stopped; to C. prevented; of D. kept; from Unit 8 知识点1 hear sb. doing sth. They heard some voices speaking a strange language. 他们听到一些声音在说一种奇怪的语言。 hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。 类似用法：see/watch/notice sb. doing sth. hear还可以接hear sb do sth. 意为“听到某人做某事”，强调听到做某事的全过程。 I heard someone singing in the next room. 我听到有人在隔壁房间里唱歌。 I saw Peter enter the house. 我看到Peter进入到了房子。 When I passed by the river, I _______ someone _______ a beautiful song. A. heard; sing B. heard; singing C. was hearing; sing D. hear; to sing 知识点2 keep quiet They hid behind some bushes and kept quiet. 他们躲在灌木丛后面，保持安静。 keep quiet 是固定短语，意为“保持安静”。 keep + 形容词 表示“保持某种状态”。 同类短语：keep silent 保持沉默，keep safe 保持安全 Please keep quiet in the library. 图书馆里请保持安静。 Please _______ in the reading room. Others are studying. A. keep quiet B. keep quietly C. to keep quiet D. keeping quiet 知识点3 in fear The children ran away in fear. 孩子们恐惧地逃跑了。 in fear 是固定短语，意为“恐惧地”，在句中作状语，描述动作发生时的状态。 同类短语：in surprise 惊讶地, in excitement兴奋地 The little girl looked at the stranger in fear. 小女孩恐惧地看着陌生人。 The rabbit ran away _______ when it saw the fox. A. in fear B. in fears C. with fear D. by fear 知识点4 as if Dad looked at them as if they were crazy. 爸爸看着他们，好像他们疯了一样。 as if 意为“好像；仿佛”，引导方式状语从句。当表示与事实相反的情况时，从句常用虚拟语气。 He talks as if he knew everything. 他说话好像什么都知道似的。 He talks about the famous singer _______ he had met her personally. A. as B. as if C. even if D. like 知识点5 refuse to do sth. Since no one else saw these aliens, I refuse to believe you. 既然没有其他人看到这些外星人，我拒绝相信你们。 refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”，后接动词原形。 同义词：decline to do sth.（较正式） He refused/refuses to help me with my homework.他拒绝帮助我做作业。 since 在此处作连词，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示已知的或明显的原因。 Since you have made up your mind, I won’t say more. 既然你已经决定了，我就不再多说了。 _______ you don't trust me, I _______ to go with you. A. Since; refuse B. Because; refuse C. Since; will refuse D. As; refused 语法总结 Unit 7 过去进行时 1.语法概述 含义：用来表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。 I was watching TV at eight o’clock last night. 昨晚8点我在看电视。 We were not (weren’t) sleeping at that time. 那时我们没有在睡觉。 Was he sleeping at eight o’clock? 他八点在睡觉吗？ 2.句型结构： 肯定句： 主语 + was/were + doing +其他 I was watching TV at 8 p.m. 我在8点的时候正在看电视。 否定句： 主语 + was/were+ not + doing + 其他 We were not sleeping at that time. 在那个时候我们正在睡觉。 疑问句： Was/Were + 主语+ doing + 其他 Was he sleeping at 8 o’clock? 他是不是8点的时候在睡觉？ 核心用法和特殊句型：while & when 用法 例句 时间词 1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 I was having dinner at 7:00 yesterday evening. 昨晚七点我正在吃晚饭。 at 8:00 last night, at that time, at this time yesterday 2.表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 I was studying in the library all afternoon. 我整个下午都在图书馆学习。 all morning, all day, from 8 to 10 yesterday 3.与 while 连用，表示两个同时发生的动作。 While we were travelling into space, ground  control was following us closely on the screens. 当我们飞向太空时，地面控制中心正在屏幕上密切关注着我们。 while + 过去进行时 4.与 when 连用，表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。 When the crash happened, both satellites were  travelling very fast. 当碰撞发生时，两颗卫星都在高速飞行。 when + 一般过去时 while 与 when 的区别（补充） while：后面通常接延续性动词，多用过去进行时，表示“在……期间”。 when：后面既可接瞬间动词（一般过去时），也可接延续性动词。 例子： ✅ While I was reading, the phone rang. ✅ When the phone rang, I was reading. ❌ When I was reading, the phone was ringing.（除非强调同时进行，否则不自然） 过去进行时 VS. 一般过去时 过去进行时：强调动作 正在进行（未完成） 一般过去时：强调动作 已经发生（已完成） 对比以下句子： She was cooking dinner at 6:00.（六点时她正在做饭——可能还没做完） She cooked dinner yesterday.（她昨天做了饭——已经完成了） 练习 1. I __________ (watch) TV when the phone rang. 2. They__________(play) football at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 3. She __________ (not sleep) at that time. 4. What__________ you__________(do) when I called you? 5. While we__________ (wait) for the bus, it started to rain. 6. I __________(walk) home when I__________ (see) a strange object in the sky. Unit 8 原因状语从句 一、语法概述 含义：原因状语从句用来说明主句动作发生的原因或理由。主要的引导词有：because，as, since。 对比简表 引导词 意思 语气强度 位置 特点 because 因为 最强 主句前/后 回答 why 提问，表示直接根本原因 as 由于 较弱 常放句首 表示已知或明显的原因，附带说明 since 既然 较弱 常放句首 表示已知的、显而易见的原因 because, as, since核心用法 because · 语气最强，回答 why 的提问 · 表示直接、根本的原因 · 可放在主句前或后 I didn’t go to school because I was ill. 我没去上学，因为我生病了。 Because the traffic was heavy, we were late. 因为交通拥堵，我们迟到了。 because 与 because of 的区别 词 词性 用法 例句 because 连词 + 从句 （主语+谓语） I didn’t go to school because I was ill. because of 介词短语 + 名词/代词/动名词 We stayed at home because of the rain. as（由于；因为） · 语气较弱，表示已知或明显的原因 · 常放在句首，原因只是附带说明 【课文原句】 As it was too late to go outside, Tina and her brother Tom decided to go and have a look the next day instead. 因为太晚了不能出去，蒂娜和她的哥哥汤姆决定第二天再去看。 As I was tired, I went to bed early. 因为我累了，我早早睡了。 since（既然；因为） · 语气较弱，表示已知的、显而易见的原因 · 常放在句首，意为“既然” 【课文原句】 Since no one else saw the aliens, their father refused to believe them. 既然没有别人看到外星人，他们的父亲拒绝相信他们。 Since you are here, let’s start. 既然你来了，我们开始吧。 综合练习 A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（过去进行时） 1. I __________ (watch) TV when the phone rang. 2. They__________(play) football at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 3. She__________ (not sleep) at that time. 4. What__________you__________(do) when I called you? 5. While we__________ (wait) for the bus, it started to rain. 6. I __________ (walk) home when I__________(see) a strange object in the sky. B. 用 because 或 because of 填空 7. We couldn’t go out __________ the heavy rain. 8. He was late __________ he got up late. 9. The flight was canceled __________ bad weather. 10. She passed the exam __________ she studied hard. 11. The game was stopped __________ the storm. C. 用适当的连词（because / as / since）连接句子 12. I was tired. I went to bed early. → I went to bed early __________ I was tired. 13.The road was icy. The accident happened. → The accident happened __________ the road was icy. 14.He is the best student. He works very hard. → He is the best student __________ he works very hard. 15.You are not interested. I won’t force you. → __________ you are not interested, I won’t force you. D. 翻译句子 16. 昨晚七点我正在吃晚饭。 → _________________________________ 17.因为交通拥堵，我们迟到了。 → _________________________________ 18.既然你来了，我们开始吧。 → _________________________________ E. 改错（每题一处错误） 19. I watching TV at eight o’clock last night. → _________________________________ 20.Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school. → _________________________________ 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．I was doing my homework _________ my mother came back home. A．while B．when C．before D．after 2．_________ my father was watching TV, I was reading a book. A．While B．When C．Until D．As soon as 3．While they _________ basketball on the playground, the teacher arrived. A．play B．played C．were playing D．are playing 4．Students in Grade Nine ____________a maths exam at this time yesterday. A．take B．are taking C．were taking D．have taken 5．Amon ____________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea. A．will sail B．is sailing C．was sailing D．has sailed 6．---Hurry up!   ---One moment. I ______ my e-mail and then I’m ready to go. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．have read 7．---I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before.    ---Don’t worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting. A．will introduce B．introduced C．have introduced D．had introduced 8．— I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then? — Oh, I ____________ my pet dog in my yard. A．walked B．was walking C．am walking D．will walk 9．–Linda, Dad has finished his work and we ___________ to the gym to pick you up. -Thank you, Mum. A．drive B．drove C．have driven D．are driving 10．—It's ten years since we came here. —How time flies! We ____ in China for so long. A．work B．worked C．will work D．have worked 11．______ I don’t have enough money, ______ I can’t afford the car. A．/; so B．Because; so C．/; and D．/; because 12．He didn’t go to school yesterday _______ he was ill. A．because B．because of C．if D．so 13．We didn’t enjoy the day ________ the weather was so bad. A．because B．though C．unless D．till 14．The baby is sleeping, ________ you’d better keep quiet. A．but B．or C．because D．so 15．They were late for the meeting ________ the heavy rain. A．because of B．because C．since D．as 16．It rained last night, ________ the ground is wet. A．or B．for C．but D．though 17．She won’t go to the cinema ______ she has already seen the film. A．until B．if C．so D．because 18．________ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest. A．Since B．Or C．Though D．Till 19．—Why didn’t you go to the party?     —______ I wasn’t invited. A．As B．Since C．Because D．So 20．—The story of Huang Xuhua, father of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇), moved us a lot. —Yes. ________ he loved our country so much, he worked secretly on nuclear submarines for years. A.Since B．As soon as C．Unless D．When 2、 完成句子。 1．这场足球比赛结果是今年最好的一场。 The football game ___________ to be the best one this year. 2．我错拿了她的连衣裙，因为它和我的连衣裙相像。 I took her dress ___________ because it was similar to mine. 3．每年，通过砍伐大量树木，人们破坏着这片区域。 By cutting down a lot of trees, people are ________ the area every year. 4．飞机起飞的时候我正在给我妈妈打电话。 I was calling my mother when the plane ____________. 5．在这个时刻，我们正在认真上英语课。 ___________, we are having an English class carefully. 6．我的日常从起床后喝一杯温水开始。 My ___________ starts with a glass of warm water after getting up. 7．他们考虑了一会儿，给出了一个好答案。 They thought about it ____________ and gave a good answer. 8．科学家们正在规划减少有害太空垃圾的方法。 Scientists are planning ways to reduce harmful ___________. 9．自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ____________, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 10．当他们处于困境中时，他们没有放弃。 They didn’t ____________ when they were in trouble. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、短文填空 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） 阅读下面的短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 For years, most people believed plants lived quiet, passive (被动的) lives. However, recent research 1 (reveal) a surprising truth: plants are constantly “talking” and interacting in ways we are just beginning to understand. A plant’s primary means of communication is chemical. When attacked by insects, many plants release 2 (chemical) into the air. This is not just a simple reaction; it’s a sophisticated warning system. Neighboring plants that detect these signals then start 3 (produce) their own defensive chemicals. Studies show a plant under threat can communicate 4 (effective) than we once imagined, triggering defenses in plants several meters away. In one key experiment, scientists designed some brilliant experiments 5 (prove) this phenomenon. They placed aphids (蚜虫) on a tomato plant and watched. Soon, nearby, untouched plants also began preparing 6 (them) for attack by raising their toxin levels. This showed the message was being received. The 7 (one) clear evidence came from this simple but clever test. 8 underground network formed by fungi (真菌) acts like the internet, connecting plant roots. Through this “Wood Wide Web,” plants can share nutrients and information. A strong, old tree might, for example, help a weak seedling by sending it sugars 9 this network. 10 this connection is cut, the seedling’s chances of survival drop greatly. This hidden conversation challenges us to look at the plant world with new respect. Plants are not just passive background objects; they are active participants in a complex, silent dialogue that sustains life on Earth. 二、以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中）Life in 2050: A Glimpse into TomorrowSmart Transportation   Getting around will be safer and greener. Self-driving cars powered by solar energy will dominate (占主流) the roads. 11 For example, traffic lights will communicate directly with vehicles to prevent accidents. Public transport like flying taxis may become common in big cities, reducing traffic jams effectively.  Education Revolution 12 Students worldwide will attend virtual classes using 3D hologram (全息) technology. AI teachers will provide personalized learning plans based on each student’s progress. 13 Paper books might still be used for special learning purposes. Face-to-face communication remains important for developing social skills.  Green Living Environmental protection will be at the heart of future life. Smart homes equipped with energy-saving AI systems will automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind will power entire cities. 14 Additionally, vertical farms in skyscrapers will produce fresh vegetables for urban areas. Surprisingly, people may eat lab-grown meat to protect natural resources. 15 A．For instance, rooftop solar panels and wind-powered streetlights will become standard in communities. B．Roads themselves will become intelligent partners of drivers. C．However, traditional schools won’t disappear completely. D．Classrooms will no longer be limited by physical (实物的) spaces. E．Weather control systems could prevent natural disasters. F．Experts believe these innovations will cut global energy waste by half by 2045. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） Many people today feel stressed (感到压力) by lasting competition, often called the “rat race (内卷).” This means facing too much pressure (压力) in almost every part of life. Parents feel they must give their children the best things and opportunities. Students get caught in an educational race, feeling they need to get grades and to attend the best schools to succeed. Office workers often put in very long hours, sometimes over 10 hours a day. People push themselves extremely hard to make more money or achieve big goal believing this is the only path to a good life. However, this lasting struggle often leads to more worry and unhappiness instead of achievement. Because of this heavy pressure, some people choose a different path called “lying flat. ” They decide to stop chasing those big, stressful goals like buying an expensive house, getting the highest grades, or landing the best job. They might lose interest in working or studying hard. Instead of trying new things or learning new skills, they might just stay in their comfort zone, watching videos or playing games for long hours. This can make them feel left behind as the world changes. Sadly, this choice often leads to feeling upset and losing confidence in themselves because they aren’t moving forward. Clearly, neither the exhausting (使人精疲力尽的) “rat race” nor completely “lying flat” is a healthy or happy solution. Living only for lasting competition makes people tired, stressed, and often unhappy. On the other hand, giving up completely leads to boredom, feeling worried, and missing out on opportunities. The best way forward is to find a balanced way. We should still have dreams and goals, but we can pursue (追求) them with healthy competition. Healthy competition means trying our best, learning, and improving ourselves, but without endlessly comparing ourselves to others or pushing to the point of tiredness. It’s like playing a sport: you try to win, but you also enjoy the game and respect your teammates and opponents (对手). This balanced way allows us to make steady progress, learn new things, and achieve meaningful things, while still having time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and be happy. It helps us avoid the extreme tiredness of the “rat race” and the lack of purpose in “lying flat,” leading to a more satisfying life. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The “rat race” is necessary for success in life. B．“Lying flat” is a good way to avoid stress. C．Both the “rat race” and “lying flat” have their advantages. D．A balanced way to life is the best solution. 2．What does the passage suggest about people who “lie flat”? A．They are more successful in life. B．They feel more relaxed and happy. C．They may lose confidence and feel left behind. D．They are more likely to achieve their goals. 3．What does the author mean by “healthy competition”? A．Competing with others to make more money. B．Managing to improve yourself without lasting comparison to others. C．Working extremely hard to achieve big goals. D．Trying to be the best in everything you do. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To suggest a balanced approach to life as the best solution. B．To ask people to stop competing and “lie flat.” C．To explain why the “rat race” is the only way to succeed. D．To encourage people to work harder and achieve more. Hundreds of foreign plants and animals are secretly entering China inside delivery boxes and hiding in city parks. About 660 such species now cause a loss of 200 billion yuan every year. Shenzhen Customs is fighting back with special machines after finding 17.5% more invaders (入侵者) in early 2025 than the year before. These “eco-invaders” push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests. One water plant grows so fast that it can cover a whole lake in just six days, making fish die from lack of air. Equally dangerous are fire ants, which have spread to 12 provinces in 20 years. These insects not only hurt people with painful stings (蜇刺) but also ruin crops across wide areas. The invaders sneak in (潜行) through clever hiding ways. Wood brought from other countries often carries tiny worms that kill pine trees within 40 days. Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild. Customs officers recently discovered new hiding tricks, such as large ants carried inside toy boxes and shoes during border checks. To stop these invaders, customs now uses smart machines called “AI X-ray scanners” that can see inside packages. These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before. At the same time, scientists are using special insects that eat harmful foreign weeds, creating nature’s own army against invaders. While customs officers work hard, ordinary people must also join the fight. Citizens should never set free foreign pets like red-eared turtles in nature, avoid buying strange animals or plants online, and immediately report any unknown fast-spreading species. “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment,” said a Shenzhen Customs officer after finding dangerous species in international mail. As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology with public awareness remains China’s strongest shield (防护物) in this unseen war for our environment. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe different types of foreign pets. B．To discuss the history of fire ants in China. C．To explain how Shenzhen Customs uses technology. D．To warn about harmful foreign species and protection methods. 6．What does the phrase “push out” in Paragraph 2 most likely means? A．endanger B．protect C．observe D．warn 7．How do some foreign species enter China? A．By flying freely across national borders. B．Through online shopping made by scientific researchers. C．Through being imported before escaping into nature. D．As passengers on airplanes inspected by customs officers. 8．What result did the “AI X-ray scanners” achieve? A．They help officers detect 25% more hidden species. B．They trained insects to eat harmful foreign weeds. C．They reduced border checks by about 25%. D．They discovered 660 entirely new species. 9．Why does the customs officer state “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment”? A．Because captured animals are sold to zoos to support environmental projects. B．To emphasize that preventing biological invasions protects ecological balance. C．To encourage citizens to keep foreign pets instead of buying local animals. D．To show that technology cannot work without international cooperation. 第 19 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题 Units 7~8（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 过去进行时的肯定、否定、疑问句型结构。 2. while 与 when 在时间状语从句中的区别（while + 延续性动词/过去进行时；when + 短暂动词/一般过去时）。 3. 原因状语从句引导词 because（最强，回答why）、as（由于，已知原因）、since（既然，显而易见原因）的用法。 复习难点： 1. 区分过去进行时与一般过去时：过去进行时强调“未完成”，一般过去时强调“已完成”。 2. while 与 when 的用法区别：while 后多用过去进行时（延续性动作）；when 后多用一般过去时（短暂动作）。 3. because 与 because of 的区别：because + 从句，because of + 名词/代词/动名词。 4. because 与 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 5. since 的双重含义：引导原因状语从句时意为“既然”；引导时间状语从句时意为“自从”。 6. as if 引导的虚拟语气（与事实相反时的时态变化）。 考情规律 掌握下列核心短语在具体语境中的正确搭配：the proudest moment, seem like, a shock to, It turns out that, cannot afford to do, stop sb. from doing, by mistake, hear sb. doing, keep quiet, in fear, as if, refuse to do, since（既然）, turn out to be, have difficulty doing（前单元）, look forward to（前单元）等 句型转换/翻译： • 过去进行时与一般过去时的转换（when / while 句型） • because 与 because of 互换 • 合并句子（用 because / as / since） • 改错（because 与 so 连用、过去进行时缺 be 动词等） • 翻译句子（过去进行时、原因状语从句、it turns out that 等） Unit 7 知识点1 the proudest moment It was the proudest moment of my life. 那是我一生中最骄傲的时刻。 the + 形容词最高级 + moment of one’s life 是一个常用结构，意为“某人一生中最……的时刻”。proudest 是 proud 的最高级形式，意为“最骄傲的”。 It was the happiest moment of my life.那是我一生中最幸福的时刻。 Winning the championship was _______ moment of his life. A. proud B. prouder C. the proudest D. most proud 解析：句意：赢得冠军是他一生中最骄傲的时刻。the + 形容词最高级 + moment of one's life 是固定结构，表示“某人一生中最……的时刻”。proud 的最高级是 proudest，前面需加定冠词 the。选项 A 是原级，B 是比较级，D 缺少 the 且形式不标准。故选 C。 知识点2 seem like 知识点2：The minutes seemed like hours. 几分钟仿佛像几个小时一样漫长。 seem like... 意为“仿佛像……；似乎像……”，表示一种比喻或主观感受。 常用于形容时间过得很慢或很快，或表达对某事物的主观印象。 常见搭配： seem like + 名词（仿佛像……） seem to be + 形容词（似乎是……） While waiting for the result, the days seemed like years. 等待结果时，几天仿佛像几年一样漫长。 While waiting for the exam results, every day _______ a year. A. seemed like B. seemed to C. looked like D. felt like 解析：句意：等待考试结果时，每一天都仿佛像一年那么漫长。seem like 意为“仿佛像……”，后接名词，表示主观感受。选项 B seemed to 后需接动词原形；C looked like 侧重外观相似；D felt like 意为“摸起来像”或“想要”，均不符合语境。故选 A。 知识点3 a shock to It was a shock to my body. 这对我的身体来说是一种冲击。 a shock to + 名词 意为“对……来说是一种冲击/震惊”。 shock 在此作可数名词，表示“令人震惊的事”或“强烈的冲击”。 Moving to a new city was a shock to Tom. 搬家到一个新城市对汤姆来说是一种冲击。 The sudden change of plans was a great _______ everyone. A. shock for B. shock to C. shocking to D. shocked to 解析：句意：计划的突然改变对每个人来说都是一次巨大的冲击。a shock to + 名词 是固定搭配，意为“对……来说是一种冲击”。shock 在此作可数名词。选项 A 介词错误；C shocking 是形容词；D shocked 是形容词。故选 B。 知识点4 It turns out that... 知识点4：It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too. 事实证明，在太空中吃东西也可以是一种乐趣。 It turns out that... 是一个固定句型，意为“事实证明……；结果证明……”，常用于引出一个出乎意料的事实或与预期相反的结果。 常见句型： It turns out that + 从句（事实证明……） turn out to be + 形容词/名词（结果是……） It turns out that exercising is also important in space. 事实证明，在太空中锻炼也很重要。 _______ the new method works better than the old one. A. It turns out that B. It turned out that C. It turns out to D. It is turned out that 解析：句意：事实证明，新方法比旧方法效果更好。It turns out that... 是固定句型，意为“事实证明……”，一般现在时可表示客观事实。选项 B 是过去时，但此处无过去时间提示；C 结构不完整，turn out to be 后接形容词或名词；D 被动形式错误。故选 A。 知识点5 cannot afford to do sth. We can’t afford to make any mistakes. 我们承担不起犯任何错误。 cannot afford to do sth. 是一个固定短语，意为“承担不起做某事的后果”，强调后果的严重性，后接动词原形。 cannot afford + 名词（买不起/承担不起） We can’t afford to make any mistakes in this exam. 在这次考试中，我们承担不起犯任何错误。 With such a tight budget, we _______ any waste of materials. A. can't afford B. can't afford to C. can't afford having D. couldn't afford to have 解析：句意：预算如此紧张，我们承担不起浪费任何材料。cannot afford to do sth. 是固定短语，意为“承担不起做某事的后果”，后接动词原形。选项 A 缺少 to；C 中 afford 后不接动名词；D 时态和形式均不合适。故选 B。 知识点6 stop sb. from doing sth. & by mistake This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake. 这阻止了我在房间里四处飘浮和不小心撞到东西。 stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，from 后接动名词。 同义短语 prevent / keep sb from doing The seat belt stopped the passengers from getting hurt in the accident. 安全带阻止了乘客在事故中受伤。 by mistake 是固定短语，意为“错误地；无意中”，在句中作状语。 The guard _______ the stranger _______ entering the building. A. stopped; from B. stopped; to C. prevented; of D. kept; from 解析：句意：保安阻止了陌生人进入大楼。stop sb. from doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。选项 B 中 stop to do 意为“停下来去做”；C 中 prevent 应与 from 搭配；D 中 keep sb. from doing 也可表示阻止，但 kept 后需加 from，本题只有一个空格填介词，A 最直接正确。故选 A。 Unit 8 知识点1 hear sb. doing sth. They heard some voices speaking a strange language. 他们听到一些声音在说一种奇怪的语言。 hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。 类似用法：see/watch/notice sb. doing sth. hear还可以接hear sb do sth. 意为“听到某人做某事”，强调听到做某事的全过程。 I heard someone singing in the next room. 我听到有人在隔壁房间里唱歌。 I saw Peter enter the house. 我看到Peter进入到了房子。 When I passed by the river, I _______ someone _______ a beautiful song. A. heard; sing B. heard; singing C. was hearing; sing D. hear; to sing 解析：句意：当我路过河边时，我听到有人在唱一首动听的歌。hear sb. doing sth. 表示“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。when I passed by 提示动作发生在过去且是瞬间，singing 表示当时正在唱。选项 A hear sb. do 强调听到全过程，此处不强调完整过程；C 时态错误；D 时态和结构错误。故选 B。 知识点2 keep quiet They hid behind some bushes and kept quiet. 他们躲在灌木丛后面，保持安静。 keep quiet 是固定短语，意为“保持安静”。 keep + 形容词 表示“保持某种状态”。 同类短语：keep silent 保持沉默，keep safe 保持安全 Please keep quiet in the library. 图书馆里请保持安静。 Please _______ in the reading room. Others are studying. A. keep quiet B. keep quietly C. to keep quiet D. keeping quiet 解析：句意：请在阅览室里保持安静，其他人正在学习。keep quiet 是固定短语，keep 为系动词，后接形容词 quiet 作表语。本句为祈使句，用动词原形。选项 B 中 quietly 是副词，不能作表语；C、D 非谓语动词形式不能作谓语。故选 A。 知识点3 in fear The children ran away in fear. 孩子们恐惧地逃跑了。 in fear 是固定短语，意为“恐惧地”，在句中作状语，描述动作发生时的状态。 同类短语：in surprise 惊讶地, in excitement兴奋地 The little girl looked at the stranger in fear. 小女孩恐惧地看着陌生人。 The rabbit ran away _______ when it saw the fox. A. in fear B. in fears C. with fear D. by fear 解析：句意：兔子看到狐狸时，恐惧地逃跑了。in fear 是固定短语，意为“恐惧地”，在句中作状语，描述动作发生时的状态。选项 B 中 fear 不可数；C with fear 也可表示“因恐惧”，但不如 in fear 常见且固定；D 搭配错误。故选 A。 知识点4 as if Dad looked at them as if they were crazy. 爸爸看着他们，好像他们疯了一样。 as if 意为“好像；仿佛”，引导方式状语从句。当表示与事实相反的情况时，从句常用虚拟语气。 He talks as if he knew everything. 他说话好像什么都知道似的。 He talks about the famous singer _______ he had met her personally. A. as B. as if C. even if D. like 解析：句意：他谈论那位著名歌手，就好像他亲自见过她一样。as if 意为“好像”，引导方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气（had met 表示与过去事实相反）。选项 A as 意为“作为”；C even if 意为“即使”；D like 作连词时不够正式。故选 B。 知识点5 refuse to do sth. Since no one else saw these aliens, I refuse to believe you. 既然没有其他人看到这些外星人，我拒绝相信你们。 refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”，后接动词原形。 同义词：decline to do sth.（较正式） He refused/refuses to help me with my homework.他拒绝帮助我做作业。 since 在此处作连词，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示已知的或明显的原因。 Since you have made up your mind, I won’t say more. 既然你已经决定了，我就不再多说了。 _______ you don't trust me, I _______ to go with you. A. Since; refuse B. Because; refuse C. Since; will refuse D. As; refused 解析：句意：既然你不信任我，我拒绝和你一起去。since 作连词意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示已知原因；refuse to do sth. 表示“拒绝做某事”。本句陈述一般事实，用一般现在时。选项 B because 语气较强，不如 since 自然；C 将来时态不必要；D 过去时态与语境不符。故选 A。 语法总结 Unit 7 过去进行时 1.语法概述 含义：用来表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。 I was watching TV at eight o’clock last night. 昨晚8点我在看电视。 We were not (weren’t) sleeping at that time. 那时我们没有在睡觉。 Was he sleeping at eight o’clock? 他八点在睡觉吗？ 2.句型结构： 肯定句： 主语 + was/were + doing +其他 I was watching TV at 8 p.m. 我在8点的时候正在看电视。 否定句： 主语 + was/were+ not + doing + 其他 We were not sleeping at that time. 在那个时候我们正在睡觉。 疑问句： Was/Were + 主语+ doing + 其他 Was he sleeping at 8 o’clock? 他是不是8点的时候在睡觉？ 核心用法和特殊句型：while & when 用法 例句 时间词 1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 I was having dinner at 7:00 yesterday evening. 昨晚七点我正在吃晚饭。 at 8:00 last night, at that time, at this time yesterday 2.表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 I was studying in the library all afternoon. 我整个下午都在图书馆学习。 all morning, all day, from 8 to 10 yesterday 3.与 while 连用，表示两个同时发生的动作。 While we were travelling into space, ground  control was following us closely on the screens. 当我们飞向太空时，地面控制中心正在屏幕上密切关注着我们。 while + 过去进行时 4.与 when 连用，表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。 When the crash happened, both satellites were  travelling very fast. 当碰撞发生时，两颗卫星都在高速飞行。 when + 一般过去时 while 与 when 的区别（补充） while：后面通常接延续性动词，多用过去进行时，表示“在……期间”。 when：后面既可接瞬间动词（一般过去时），也可接延续性动词。 例子： ✅ While I was reading, the phone rang. ✅ When the phone rang, I was reading. ❌ When I was reading, the phone was ringing.（除非强调同时进行，否则不自然） 过去进行时 VS. 一般过去时 过去进行时：强调动作 正在进行（未完成） 一般过去时：强调动作 已经发生（已完成） 对比以下句子： She was cooking dinner at 6:00.（六点时她正在做饭——可能还没做完） She cooked dinner yesterday.（她昨天做了饭——已经完成了） 练习 1. I was watching (watch) TV when the phone rang. 2. They were playing (play) football at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 3. She wasn’t sleeping (not sleep) at that time. 4. What were you doing (do) when I called you? 5. While we were waiting (wait) for the bus, it started to rain. 6. I was walking (walk) home when I saw (see) a strange object in the sky. 解析： 1. 句意： 电话铃响时，我正在看电视。 解析：主句 I was watching TV 使用过去进行时（was + watching），表示在过去某一时刻（电话铃响的那一刻）正在进行的动作。when 引导的时间状语从 句 the phone rang 使用一般过去时，表示一个短暂发生的动作（电话铃响）。过去进行时与 when 连用时，强调较长的背景动作（看电视）被一个短动作（电话响）打断。 2. 句意： 昨天下午四点，他们正在踢足球。 解析：at 4:00 yesterday afternoon 是一个具体的过去时间点，表示动作在该时间点正在进行。过去进行时 were playing 强调动作的“未完成性”和“持续性”，不关心动作是否结束。主语 They 是复数，因此用 were。 3.句意： 那时她没有在睡觉。 解析：at that time 指过去某个特定的时刻（上下文可知），要求用过去进行时。否定形式在 was/were 后加 not，was not 缩写为 wasn’t。主语 She 是单数，所以用 wasn’t sleeping。 4.句意： 我给你打电话时，你在做什么？ 解析：特殊疑问句结构：What + were + 主语 + doing + ...。when I called you 是一般过去时，表示一个过去的短动作。问句询问在对方打电话的那个时刻，主语正在进行的活动，因此主句使用过去进行时。 5.句意： 我们在等公交车时，天开始下雨了。 解析：while 引导的从句通常使用过去进行时（were waiting），表示一个持续的背景动作。主句 it started to rain 使用一般过去时，表示在背景动作进行期间发生的一个短暂动作。while 强调两个动作同时发生，且从句动作持续时间较长。 6.句意： 我正在步行回家时，看到天空中有一个奇怪的物体。 解析：主句 I was walking home 用过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作（步行回家）。when I saw a strange object 用一般过去时，表示在步行过程中突然发生的一个短动作（看见物体）。此结构与第1句相同：was/were + doing ... when + 一般过去时，表示“正在做某事时突然发生另一件事”。 Unit 8 原因状语从句 一、语法概述 含义：原因状语从句用来说明主句动作发生的原因或理由。主要的引导词有：because，as, since。 对比简表 引导词 意思 语气强度 位置 特点 because 因为 最强 主句前/后 回答 why 提问，表示直接根本原因 as 由于 较弱 常放句首 表示已知或明显的原因，附带说明 since 既然 较弱 常放句首 表示已知的、显而易见的原因 because, as, since核心用法 because · 语气最强，回答 why 的提问 · 表示直接、根本的原因 · 可放在主句前或后 I didn’t go to school because I was ill. 我没去上学，因为我生病了。 Because the traffic was heavy, we were late. 因为交通拥堵，我们迟到了。 because 与 because of 的区别 词 词性 用法 例句 because 连词 + 从句 （主语+谓语） I didn’t go to school because I was ill. because of 介词短语 + 名词/代词/动名词 We stayed at home because of the rain. as（由于；因为） · 语气较弱，表示已知或明显的原因 · 常放在句首，原因只是附带说明 【课文原句】 As it was too late to go outside, Tina and her brother Tom decided to go and have a look the next day instead. 因为太晚了不能出去，蒂娜和她的哥哥汤姆决定第二天再去看。 As I was tired, I went to bed early. 因为我累了，我早早睡了。 since（既然；因为） · 语气较弱，表示已知的、显而易见的原因 · 常放在句首，意为“既然” 【课文原句】 Since no one else saw the aliens, their father refused to believe them. 既然没有别人看到外星人，他们的父亲拒绝相信他们。 Since you are here, let’s start. 既然你来了，我们开始吧。 综合练习 A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（过去进行时） 1. I was watching (watch) TV when the phone rang. 2. They were playing (play) football at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 3. She was not sleeping/ wasn’t sleeping (not sleep) at that time. 4. What were you doing (do) when I called you? 5. While we were waiting (wait) for the bus, it started to rain. 6. I was walking (walk) home when I saw (see) a strange object in the sky. 解析： A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（过去进行时） 1. 答案：was watching 句意：电话铃响时，我正在看电视。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，rang 是一般过去时（短动作），主句表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 was watching。主语 I 对应 was。 2.答案：were playing 句意：昨天下午四点，他们正在踢足球。 解析：at 4:00 yesterday afternoon 是具体的过去时间点，表示动作在当时正在进行。主语 They 是复数，用 were playing。 3.答案：was not sleeping / wasn’t sleeping 句意：那时她没有在睡觉。 解析：at that time 表示过去某一时刻，谓语需用过去进行时。否定形式在 was 后加 not。主语 She 为单数，用 was。 4.答案：were; doing 句意：我给你打电话时，你在做什么？ 解析：特殊疑问句，疑问词 What 提前，后接 were you doing。when I called you 表示过去某一时刻，问对方当时正在进行的动作。 5.答案：were waiting 句意：我们在等公交车时，天开始下雨了。 解析：while 后通常接延续性动词的过去进行时，表示“在……期间”。主句 started 为一般过去时。we 是复数，用 were waiting。 6.答案：was walking; saw 句意：我正在步行回家时，看到天空中有一个奇怪的物体。 解析：when 引导的从句中 see 是短动作，用一般过去时 saw；主句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 was walking。主语 I 用 was。 B. 用 because 或 because of 填空 7. We couldn’t go out because of the heavy rain. 8. He was late because he got up late. 9. The flight was canceled because of bad weather. 10. She passed the exam because she studied hard. 11. The game was stopped because of the storm. B. 用 because 或 because of 填空 7. 答案：because of 句意：因为大雨，我们没法出去。 解析：the heavy rain 是名词短语，不是从句。because of 后接名词/代词/动名词，because 后接从句。故填 because of。 8.答案：because 句意：他迟到了，因为他起晚了。 解析：he got up late 是一个完整的句子（主语+谓语），需要用连词 because 引导原因状语从句。 9.答案：because of 句意：由于天气不好，航班被取消了。 解析：bad weather 是名词短语，无谓语动词，因此用 because of。 10.答案：because 句意：她通过了考试，因为她学习很努力。 解析：she studied hard 是完整的句子，包含主语和谓语，需要用 because 连接。 11.答案：because of 句意：比赛因暴风雨而中止。 解析：the storm 是名词短语，不是从句，故用 because of。 C. 用适当的连词（because / as / since）连接句子 12. I was tired. I went to bed early. → I went to bed early because I was tired. 13.The road was icy. The accident happened. → The accident happened because the road was icy. 14.He is the best student. He works very hard. → He is the best student because he works very hard. 15.You are not interested. I won’t force you. → Since you are not interested, I won’t force you. C. 用适当的连词（because / as / since）连接句子 12. 答案：because 句意：我早早上床睡觉，因为我累了。 解析：前后句为因果关系，“累”是直接原因。用 because 语气最强，自然合理。 13. 答案：because 句意：事故发生了，因为路面结冰。 解析：“路面结冰”是事故发生的直接原因，用 because 最合适。 14. 答案：because 句意：他是最好的学生，因为他学习非常努力。 解析：前后句为直接的因果关系，用 because。 15.答案：Since 句意：既然你不感兴趣，我不会强迫你。 解析：句首用 Since 表示“既然”，原因是对方已知的、显而易见的事实，语气委婉。 D. 翻译句子 16. 昨晚七点我正在吃晚饭。 → _________________________________ 17.因为交通拥堵，我们迟到了。 → _________________________________ 18.既然你来了，我们开始吧。 → _________________________________ D. 翻译句子 16. 答案：I was having dinner at 7:00 yesterday evening. 解析：过去具体时间点 at 7:00 yesterday evening，动作用过去进行时 was having dinner。 17.答案：Because the traffic was heavy, we were late. 或 We were late because the traffic was heavy. 解析：because 引导原因状语从句，可放在主句前或后。the traffic was heavy 表示“交通拥堵”。 18.答案：Since you are here, let’s start. 解析：Since 表示“既然”，引导已知原因。let’s start 为建议句式。 E. 改错（每题一处错误） 19. I watching TV at eight o’clock last night. → _________________________________ 20.Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school. → _________________________________ E. 改错 19. 答案：I was watching TV at eight o’clock last night. 句意：昨晚八点我正在看电视。 解析：过去进行时的谓语结构为 was/were + doing，主语 I 用 was。原句缺少 was。 20. 答案：Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. 或 He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. 句意：因为他生病了，所以没去上学。 解析：英语中一个句子只能保留一个表示“因为/所以”的连词。原句 because 和 so 同时出现，需去掉一个 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．I was doing my homework _________ my mother came back home. A．while B．when C．before D．after 2．_________ my father was watching TV, I was reading a book. A．While B．When C．Until D．As soon as 3．While they _________ basketball on the playground, the teacher arrived. A．play B．played C．were playing D．are playing 4．Students in Grade Nine ____________a maths exam at this time yesterday. A．take B．are taking C．were taking D．have taken 5．Amon ____________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea. A．will sail B．is sailing C．was sailing D．has sailed 6．---Hurry up!   ---One moment. I ______ my e-mail and then I’m ready to go. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．have read 7．---I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before.    ---Don’t worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting. A．will introduce B．introduced C．have introduced D．had introduced 8．— I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then? — Oh, I ____________ my pet dog in my yard. A．walked B．was walking C．am walking D．will walk 9．–Linda, Dad has finished his work and we ___________ to the gym to pick you up. -Thank you, Mum. A．drive B．drove C．have driven D．are driving 10．—It's ten years since we came here. —How time flies! We ____ in China for so long. A．work B．worked C．will work D．have worked 11．______ I don’t have enough money, ______ I can’t afford the car. A．/; so B．Because; so C．/; and D．/; because 12．He didn’t go to school yesterday _______ he was ill. A．because B．because of C．if D．so 13．We didn’t enjoy the day ________ the weather was so bad. A．because B．though C．unless D．till 14．The baby is sleeping, ________ you’d better keep quiet. A．but B．or C．because D．so 15．They were late for the meeting ________ the heavy rain. A．because of B．because C．since D．as 16．It rained last night, ________ the ground is wet. A．or B．for C．but D．though 17．She won’t go to the cinema ______ she has already seen the film. A．until B．if C．so D．because 18．________ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest. A．Since B．Or C．Though D．Till 19．—Why didn’t you go to the party?     —______ I wasn’t invited. A．As B．Since C．Because D．So 20．—The story of Huang Xuhua, father of China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇), moved us a lot. —Yes. ________ he loved our country so much, he worked secretly on nuclear submarines for years. A.Since B．As soon as C．Unless D．When 解析： 1．B 【详解】句意：妈妈回来的时候我正在写作业。 while常用来引导两个动作同时进行的时间状语从句，通常与表示持续性的动词连用，可用过去进行时，也可用一般过去时；本句中的came back为瞬间动作，更符合when的用法(短暂动作+一般过去时)。 2．A 【详解】句意：当我的父亲正在看电视时，我正在看书。 While当……时，与……同时；When当……时；Until直到；As soon as一……就。主从句中“was watching”和“was reading”都表示持续性动作，且都是过去进行时，因此此处表示两个动作同时进行，while“与……同时”符合用法和语境。when引导时间状语从句时，谓语既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；但它侧重“动作发生的时间点”，不强调两个动作的同步持续性，不如while贴合“两个动作同时进行”的语境。 3．C 【详解】句意：当他们在操场上打篮球的时候，老师到达了。 “While”引导的时间状语从句强调动作在过去某一时刻正在发生，主句“the teacher arrived”为一般过去时，因此从句应用过去进行时were playing。 4．C 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候九年级的学生正在参加数学考试。考查动词时态辨析。at this time yesterday昨天这个时候，用于过去进行时“was/were + doing”结构；根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。 5．C 【详解】句意：阿蒙驾船在暴风雨中航行时，一条大鱼从海里游了出来。 考查动词时态辨析。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循主过从过；根据when a giant fish came out of the sea.可知遇到大雨时阿蒙正在航行，主句需用过去进行时，故选C。 6．B 【详解】句意：——快点！——马上，我在读电子邮件，我准备走了。根据read一般现在时态的结构，am reading现在进行时态的结构，was reading过去进行时态的结构， have read现在完成时态的结构；根据One moment.和 then I’m ready to go.可知是我正在读，现在进行时态；故选B。 7．A 【详解】句意：——以前我从来没见过Taylor先生。——不要担心，开会前我会把他介绍给你的。根据will introduce一般将来时态的结构，introduced一般过去时态的结构，have introduced现在完成时态的结构，had introduced过去完成时态的结构；根据Don’t worry.和 before the meeting.可知是将来时态；故选A。 8．B 【详解】句意：——我昨晚给你打电话了，但是没有人接。那时你在哪里?——哦，我在院子里遛我的宠物狗。考查动词时态辨析。根据句意语境可知，昨晚你打电话时我正在遛狗，需用过去进行时“was/were doing”结构，故选B。 9．D 【详解】句意：——Linda，爸爸下班了，我们就要开车去健身房接你。——谢谢你们，妈妈。 考查现在进行时。A. drive驾驶、开车，动词原形；B. drove过去式；C. have driven现在完成时；D. are driving现在进行时。根据Linda, Dad has finished his work and we _____ to the gym to pick you up. 可知，前半句用的是现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响，即爸爸的工作已完成，那么现在的话就是要开车去接你，所以这里应该是“就要开车去接你”；drive可以用现在进行时形式表示将来。故答案选D。 10．D 【详解】句意：-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊！我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，一般过去时；will work一般将来时；have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知，这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。 11．A 【详解】句意：我没有足够的钱，所以我买不起这辆车。 根据句意，前半句是原因，后半句是结果，英语中because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中，只能保留其中一个连词。B项同时使用了Because和so，不符合语法规则；D项逻辑颠倒；A项省略第一个空，第二个空用so连接结果，符合语法和语境；C项没有体现因果关系。故选A。 12．A 【详解】句意：他昨天没去上学，因为他病了。 本题的含义是昨天他没有去上学，“他病了”应该是他没上学的原因，because后跟原因从句，because of后跟单词或短语，if如果后接条件状语从句，so因此。故选A。 13．A 【详解】句意：我们那天玩得并不开心，因为天气太糟糕了。 考查原因状语从句。because因为；though尽管；unless除非；till直到。由句意可知。“玩的不开心”和“天气不好”它们是因果关系。所以用because，故选A。 14．D 【详解】句意：孩子在睡觉，你最好保持安静。 考查连词辨析。but但是；or或者；because因为；so因此。根据“The baby is sleeping…you’d better keep quiet.”可知前后句子是因果关系，且后句是结果，故选D。 15．A 【详解】句意：因为大雨，他们开会迟到了。 考查词语辨析。because of 因为……（介词）；because因为（连词）；since自从，因为（连词）；as因为，当……时候（连词）。the heavy rain是名词短语，应该用介词修饰。故选A。 16．B 【详解】句意：昨晚下雨了，因为地上是湿的。 考查连词词义辨析。or或者；for因为，由于；but但是；though虽然，尽管。根据“the ground is wet”可知因为地面湿，所以认为昨晚下雨了，应用for表明附加或推断的理由。故选B。 17．D 【详解】句意：她不会去看电影，因为她已经看过这部电影了。 until直到；if如果；so因此；because因为。根据“She won’t go to the cinema... she has already seen the film.”，空前“她不会去看电影”，空后“她已经看过这部电影了”，前面是结果，后面是原因，应填because。 18．A 【详解】句意：既然你累了，你最好待在家里休息一下。 考查连词辨析。Since既然；Or或者；Though尽管；Till直到。根据“you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.”可知，既然你累了，你最好在家休息；Since符合语境，表示明显的或已为人所知的理由。故选A。 19．C 【详解】句意：——你为什么没去聚会？——因为我没有被邀请。 As因为（语气较弱）；Since既然（表示已知原因）；Because因为（直接回答why提问）；So所以（表结果）。根据问句“Why didn’t you go to the party?”可知，答句直接回答原因，应用Because，符合语境。 20．A 【详解】句意：——中国核潜艇之父黄旭华的故事深深打动了我们。——是的，因为他如此热爱我们的国家，所以他秘密从事核潜艇研究工作多年。 Since因为/自从；As soon as一……就……；Unless除非；when当……时候。根据上下文逻辑，“他热爱国家”是“他秘密从事核潜艇研究多年”的原因，应填Since。 2、 完成句子。 1．这场足球比赛结果是今年最好的一场。 The football game ___________ to be the best one this year. 2．我错拿了她的连衣裙，因为它和我的连衣裙相像。 I took her dress ___________ because it was similar to mine. 3．每年，通过砍伐大量树木，人们破坏着这片区域。 By cutting down a lot of trees, people are ________ the area every year. 4．飞机起飞的时候我正在给我妈妈打电话。 I was calling my mother when the plane ____________. 5．在这个时刻，我们正在认真上英语课。 ___________, we are having an English class carefully. 6．我的日常从起床后喝一杯温水开始。 My ___________ starts with a glass of warm water after getting up. 7．他们考虑了一会儿，给出了一个好答案。 They thought about it ____________ and gave a good answer. 8．科学家们正在规划减少有害太空垃圾的方法。 Scientists are planning ways to reduce harmful ___________. 9．自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ____________, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 10．当他们处于困境中时，他们没有放弃。 They didn’t ____________ when they were in trouble. 解析： 1．turned out 【详解】原句中的关键词为“结果是”，“结果是”的动词短语为turn out，根据句意可知，时态为一般过去时，需用动词turn的过去式turned。故填turned out。 2．by mistake 【详解】原句中“错拿”是关键词，took“拿”句中已翻译，为谓语动词，需用副词性介词短语修饰动词。by mistake“错误地”，在句中作状语，用来修饰谓语动词took。故填by mistake。 3．destroying 【详解】原句中“破坏”是关键词，表示“破坏”的单词是destroy，结合“are”和“破坏着”，句子时态为现在进行时，应用动词destroy的现在分词destroying。 4．took off 【详解】原句中“起飞”是关键词，表示“起飞”的短语是take off。本句主句为过去进行时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故填took off。 5．At this point/At this moment 【详解】原句中“在这个时刻”是关键词，表示“在这个时刻”的短语是at this point/moment，介词短语，句首单词，首字母要大写。 6．daily routine 【详解】原句中的关键词为“日常”，“日常”的英文表达为daily routine，空处为句子主语，结合空后的“starts”可知，需用名词单数。故填daily routine。 7．for a while 【详解】原句中“一会儿”是关键信息，表示“一段时间”用for a while，作时间状语。 8．space junk 【详解】根据中文“太空垃圾”的英文短语为space junk。space junk为不可数名词，原形即可。故填space junk。 9．Since then 【详解】原句中“自那以后”是关键词，表示“自那以后”的短语是since then，句首首字母大写。 10．give up 【详解】原句中“放弃”是关键词，表示“放弃”的动词短语是give up。didn’t为助动词的否定形式，后接动词原形。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、短文填空 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） 阅读下面的短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 For years, most people believed plants lived quiet, passive (被动的) lives. However, recent research 1 (reveal) a surprising truth: plants are constantly “talking” and interacting in ways we are just beginning to understand. A plant’s primary means of communication is chemical. When attacked by insects, many plants release 2 (chemical) into the air. This is not just a simple reaction; it’s a sophisticated warning system. Neighboring plants that detect these signals then start 3 (produce) their own defensive chemicals. Studies show a plant under threat can communicate 4 (effective) than we once imagined, triggering defenses in plants several meters away. In one key experiment, scientists designed some brilliant experiments 5 (prove) this phenomenon. They placed aphids (蚜虫) on a tomato plant and watched. Soon, nearby, untouched plants also began preparing 6 (them) for attack by raising their toxin levels. This showed the message was being received. The 7 (one) clear evidence came from this simple but clever test. 8 underground network formed by fungi (真菌) acts like the internet, connecting plant roots. Through this “Wood Wide Web,” plants can share nutrients and information. A strong, old tree might, for example, help a weak seedling by sending it sugars 9 this network. 10 this connection is cut, the seedling’s chances of survival drop greatly. This hidden conversation challenges us to look at the plant world with new respect. Plants are not just passive background objects; they are active participants in a complex, silent dialogue that sustains life on Earth. 解析：1．has revealed 2．chemicals 3．producing 4．more effectively 5．to prove 6．themselves 7．first 8．An 9．through 10．If/When 【导语】本文通过最新研究揭示了植物并非被动生存的生物，它们能通过化学信号释放警告、与邻近植物互动，还能借助真菌形成的地下 “植物互联网” 共享养分与信息。这一发现挑战了人们对植物的传统认知，展现了植物在生态系统中积极交流、维系生命的复杂机制。 【详解】1．句意：然而，近期研究揭示了一个惊人的真相：植物一直在以我们才刚刚开始理解的方式“交谈”和互动。根据“recent research...a surprising truth”可知，研究是在过去某个时间开始的，但其揭示的结果对现在的认知产生了持续影响，所以时态为现在完成时，主语是research，助动词用has，reveal的过去分词是revealed。故填has revealed。 2．句意：当被昆虫攻击时，许多植物会向空气中释放化学物质。根据“many plants release...”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，chemical“化学物质”，是可数名词，植物释放的化学物质不止一种，因此用复数形式。故填chemicals。 3．句意：检测到这些信号的邻近植物随后会开始产生自己的防御性化学物质。“start doing sth”表示“开始做某事”，produce的动名词形式是producing。 4．句意：研究表明，受威胁的植物能比我们想象的更有效地交流，触发数米外植物的防御反应。根据“communicate...than”可知，此处需用副词比较级，effective的副词形式是effectively，effectively的比较级形式是more effectively。故填more effectively。 5．句意：在一项关键实验中，科学家设计了一些精妙的实验来证明这一现象。根据“ scientists designed some brilliant experiments...this phenomenon.”可知，设计实验是为了证明这一现象，所以填动词不定式。故填to prove。 6．句意：很快，附近未受影响的植物也开始通过提高毒素水平使自己为攻击做准备。根据“untouched plants also began preparing...for attack by raising their toxin levels”可知，此处是“prepare oneself for sth”，表示“为自己准备某事”，them的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 7．句意：第一个清晰的证据就来自这个简单却巧妙的实验。根据“The...clear evidence came from this simple but clever test.”可知，此处需表达“第一个清晰的证据”，用序数词first修饰evidence。故填first。 8．句意：由真菌构成的地下网络就像互联网一样，将植物的根部连接起来。根据“underground network formed by fungi (真菌) acts like the internet,”可知，此处表泛指，且underground以元音音素开头，句首首字母要大写，因此用不定冠词An。故填An。 9．句意：例如，一棵强壮的老树可能会通过这个网络向弱小的幼苗输送糖分来帮助它。根据“by sending it sugars...this network”可知，此处指通过这个网络输送糖分，应填through。故填through。 10．句意：如果/当这种连接被切断，幼苗的存活率会大幅下降。根据“...this connection is cut, the seedling’s chances of survival drop greatly.”可知，此处可填if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果这种连接被切断”；也可填when引导时间状语从句，意为“当这种连接被切断”。句首首字母要大写。故填If/When。 二、以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中）Life in 2050: A Glimpse into TomorrowSmart Transportation   Getting around will be safer and greener. Self-driving cars powered by solar energy will dominate (占主流) the roads. 11 For example, traffic lights will communicate directly with vehicles to prevent accidents. Public transport like flying taxis may become common in big cities, reducing traffic jams effectively.  Education Revolution 12 Students worldwide will attend virtual classes using 3D hologram (全息) technology. AI teachers will provide personalized learning plans based on each student’s progress. 13 Paper books might still be used for special learning purposes. Face-to-face communication remains important for developing social skills.  Green Living Environmental protection will be at the heart of future life. Smart homes equipped with energy-saving AI systems will automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind will power entire cities. 14 Additionally, vertical farms in skyscrapers will produce fresh vegetables for urban areas. Surprisingly, people may eat lab-grown meat to protect natural resources. 15 A．For instance, rooftop solar panels and wind-powered streetlights will become standard in communities. B．Roads themselves will become intelligent partners of drivers. C．However, traditional schools won’t disappear completely. D．Classrooms will no longer be limited by physical (实物的) spaces. E．Weather control systems could prevent natural disasters. F．Experts believe these innovations will cut global energy waste by half by 2045. 解析：11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．F 【导语】本文主要从智能交通、教育变革和绿色生活三个方面展望了2050年的生活景象。 【详解】11．根据“Self-driving cars powered by solar energy will dominate the roads.”以及“For example, traffic lights will communicate directly with vehicles to prevent accidents.”可知，此处是在说道路与司机、车辆的智能关联，选项B “道路本身将成为司机的智能伙伴”符合语境。故选B。 12． 根据“Students worldwide will attend virtual classes using 3D hologram technology.”可知，此处是说未来课堂不受物理空间限制，选项D“教室将不再受物理空间的限制”符合语境。故选D。 13．根据“AI teachers will provide personalized learning plans based on each student’s progress.”以及“Paper books might still be used for special learning purposes. Face-to-face communication remains important for developing social skills.”可知，此处是说传统学校不会完全消失，选项C “然而，传统学校不会完全消失” 符合语境。故选C。 14．根据“Smart homes equipped with energy-saving AI systems will automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind will power entire cities.”以及“Additionally, vertical farms in skyscrapers will produce fresh vegetables for urban areas.”可知，此处是举例说明可再生能源在社区的应用，选项A “例如，屋顶太阳能电池板和风力路灯将成为社区的标准配置” 符合语境。故选A。   15．根据“Surprisingly, people may eat lab-grown meat to protect natural resources.”可知，此处是说这些创新对能源等方面的积极影响，选项F“专家认为，到2045年，这些创新将使全球能源浪费减少一半”符合语境。故选F。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东深圳·期中） Many people today feel stressed (感到压力) by lasting competition, often called the “rat race (内卷).” This means facing too much pressure (压力) in almost every part of life. Parents feel they must give their children the best things and opportunities. Students get caught in an educational race, feeling they need to get grades and to attend the best schools to succeed. Office workers often put in very long hours, sometimes over 10 hours a day. People push themselves extremely hard to make more money or achieve big goal believing this is the only path to a good life. However, this lasting struggle often leads to more worry and unhappiness instead of achievement. Because of this heavy pressure, some people choose a different path called “lying flat. ” They decide to stop chasing those big, stressful goals like buying an expensive house, getting the highest grades, or landing the best job. They might lose interest in working or studying hard. Instead of trying new things or learning new skills, they might just stay in their comfort zone, watching videos or playing games for long hours. This can make them feel left behind as the world changes. Sadly, this choice often leads to feeling upset and losing confidence in themselves because they aren’t moving forward. Clearly, neither the exhausting (使人精疲力尽的) “rat race” nor completely “lying flat” is a healthy or happy solution. Living only for lasting competition makes people tired, stressed, and often unhappy. On the other hand, giving up completely leads to boredom, feeling worried, and missing out on opportunities. The best way forward is to find a balanced way. We should still have dreams and goals, but we can pursue (追求) them with healthy competition. Healthy competition means trying our best, learning, and improving ourselves, but without endlessly comparing ourselves to others or pushing to the point of tiredness. It’s like playing a sport: you try to win, but you also enjoy the game and respect your teammates and opponents (对手). This balanced way allows us to make steady progress, learn new things, and achieve meaningful things, while still having time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and be happy. It helps us avoid the extreme tiredness of the “rat race” and the lack of purpose in “lying flat,” leading to a more satisfying life. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The “rat race” is necessary for success in life. B．“Lying flat” is a good way to avoid stress. C．Both the “rat race” and “lying flat” have their advantages. D．A balanced way to life is the best solution. 2．What does the passage suggest about people who “lie flat”? A．They are more successful in life. B．They feel more relaxed and happy. C．They may lose confidence and feel left behind. D．They are more likely to achieve their goals. 3．What does the author mean by “healthy competition”? A．Competing with others to make more money. B．Managing to improve yourself without lasting comparison to others. C．Working extremely hard to achieve big goals. D．Trying to be the best in everything you do. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To suggest a balanced approach to life as the best solution. B．To ask people to stop competing and “lie flat.” C．To explain why the “rat race” is the only way to succeed. D．To encourage people to work harder and achieve more. Hundreds of foreign plants and animals are secretly entering China inside delivery boxes and hiding in city parks. About 660 such species now cause a loss of 200 billion yuan every year. Shenzhen Customs is fighting back with special machines after finding 17.5% more invaders (入侵者) in early 2025 than the year before. These “eco-invaders” push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests. One water plant grows so fast that it can cover a whole lake in just six days, making fish die from lack of air. Equally dangerous are fire ants, which have spread to 12 provinces in 20 years. These insects not only hurt people with painful stings (蜇刺) but also ruin crops across wide areas. The invaders sneak in (潜行) through clever hiding ways. Wood brought from other countries often carries tiny worms that kill pine trees within 40 days. Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild. Customs officers recently discovered new hiding tricks, such as large ants carried inside toy boxes and shoes during border checks. To stop these invaders, customs now uses smart machines called “AI X-ray scanners” that can see inside packages. These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before. At the same time, scientists are using special insects that eat harmful foreign weeds, creating nature’s own army against invaders. While customs officers work hard, ordinary people must also join the fight. Citizens should never set free foreign pets like red-eared turtles in nature, avoid buying strange animals or plants online, and immediately report any unknown fast-spreading species. “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment,” said a Shenzhen Customs officer after finding dangerous species in international mail. As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology with public awareness remains China’s strongest shield (防护物) in this unseen war for our environment. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe different types of foreign pets. B．To discuss the history of fire ants in China. C．To explain how Shenzhen Customs uses technology. D．To warn about harmful foreign species and protection methods. 6．What does the phrase “push out” in Paragraph 2 most likely means? A．endanger B．protect C．observe D．warn 7．How do some foreign species enter China? A．By flying freely across national borders. B．Through online shopping made by scientific researchers. C．Through being imported before escaping into nature. D．As passengers on airplanes inspected by customs officers. 8．What result did the “AI X-ray scanners” achieve? A．They help officers detect 25% more hidden species. B．They trained insects to eat harmful foreign weeds. C．They reduced border checks by about 25%. D．They discovered 660 entirely new species. 9．Why does the customs officer state “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment”? A．Because captured animals are sold to zoos to support environmental projects. B．To emphasize that preventing biological invasions protects ecological balance. C．To encourage citizens to keep foreign pets instead of buying local animals. D．To show that technology cannot work without international cooperation. 解析： 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了现代社会中普遍存在的两种生活态度——“内卷”和“躺平”，并指出这两种态度都存在弊端，进而提出平衡的生活方式才是最佳解决方案。 【详解】11．主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了“内卷”现象，即人们在生活的各个方面都面临巨大压力，接着描述了与之相反的“躺平”现象，即一些人选择放弃追求高压力的目标，但随后指出这两种态度都存在问题。最后，文章提出平衡的生活方式，即既要有梦想和目标，又要以健康的方式追求它们，避免过度竞争和完全放弃。因此，文章的主旨大意是平衡的生活方式是最佳解决方案。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This can make them feel left behind as the world changes. Sadly, this choice often leads to feeling upset and losing confidence in themselves because they aren’t moving forward.”可知，选择“躺平”的人可能会随着世界的变化而感到被落下，并且因为不前进而感到沮丧和失去自信。因此，选项C“他们可能会失去信心并感到被落下”符合题意。故选C。 13．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Healthy competition means trying our best, learning, and improving ourselves, but without endlessly comparing ourselves to others or pushing to the point of tiredness.”可知，健康的竞争意味着尽我们最大的努力，学习并提升自己，但不要无休止地与他人比较或把自己逼到疲惫的境地。因此，选项B“设法提升自己而不与他人进行无休止的比较”符合题意。故选B。 14．主旨大意题。文章首先描述了“内卷”和“躺平”两种现象及其弊端，然后提出平衡的生活方式是最佳解决方案，并解释了健康竞争的含义和重要性。因此，作者的写作目的是建议人们采取平衡的生活方式。选项A“建议平衡的生活方式作为最佳解决方案”符合题意。故选A。 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 【导语】本文揭示了外来物种通过多种渠道入侵中国造成的生态威胁，并介绍了海关利用AI扫描仪等科技手段联合公众共同防御的措措施。 【详解】15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了外来物种入侵中国的危害、入侵途径及防治措施，因此选项D最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 16．词句猜测题。根据“These ‘eco-invaders’ push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests.”可知“push out”与后面的“harm”含义相近，意为“危害、威胁”。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild.”可知，部分外来物种是通过合法引进后逃逸到野外的。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段“These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before.”可知，AI扫描仪帮助海关多发现了25%的隐蔽物种。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据“As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology…in this unseen war for our environment.”及全文关于外来物种危害的论述，可知海关官员的话意在强调拦截有害生物有助于保护生态环境平衡。故选B。 第 19 页 共 27 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $