专题03 Units 5～6（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材人教版

专题03 Units 5~6（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握描述灾害与天气的形容词、副词及重点辨析与用法。 2. 理解并运用过去进行时句型。 3. 掌握描述文化特征的形容词。 4.理解并运用重点句型（so...that.. unless as soon as引导的状语从句） 复习难点： 1.过去进行时的用法 2.-ed与-ing结尾情感形容词的辨析。 3.so ... that ... 与 such ... that ... /so ... that ... 与 so that 的区分 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.侧重描述自然灾害和天气的形容词、副词的词形转换在具体语境中的选择，以及 warn、refuse 等动词的固定搭配。 2.侧重形容词否定前缀（un-/im-/in-）在具体语境中的选择与判断，以及 -ed 和 -ing 结尾情感形容词在语境中的辨析，以及 It is + adj. + to do sth. 固定句型的搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常涉及过去进行时结构的互变、when/while的句型转换，以及时间状语从句中的“主将从现”。 2.常涉及 so ... that ... 与 such ... that ... 的同义转换、so ... that ... 与 so that 的翻译区别、unless = if ... not 的同义转换，以及 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句的主从时态转换。 Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 一、掌握描述灾害与天气的形容词、副词及重点辨析与用法。 1.描述自然灾害的形容词（高频考查） （1）描述天气/灾情严重程度的形容词 形容词 中文释义 例句 serious / severe 严重的 The flood caused serious damage. dangerous 危险的 The situation was extremely dangerous. sudden 突然的 The sudden change in weather surprised everyone. thick 厚的；浓密的 Thick black clouds were forming in the sky. safe 安全的 Everyone was safe after the earthquake. powerful 强大的；有力量的 The powerful tornado destroyed many houses. natural 自然的 natural disasters 自然灾害 （2）描述风速/移动速度的形容词 形容词 中文释义 比较级 最高级 fast 快的 faster fastest slow 慢的 slower slowest strong 强壮的；强烈的 stronger strongest weak 微弱的；虚弱的 weaker weakest （3）形容词/副词的词形转换（单元高频语法考点） 本单元形容词/副词的词形转换是词汇考试的必考内容，需重点掌握： 原词 词性 转换形式 转换结果 possible adj. 可能的 → 副词 possibly 可能；或许 nature n. 自然 → 形容词 natural 自然的 power n. 能量；力量 → 形容词 powerful 强大的 sudden adj. 突然的 → 副词 suddenly 突然地 thick adj. 厚的 → 副词 thickly 厚厚地 rain n./v. 雨；下雨 → 形容词 rainy 阴雨的；多雨的 storm n. 暴风雨 → 形容词 stormy 暴风雨的 wind n. 风 → 形容词 windy 有风的 snow n. 雪 → 形容词 snowy 多雪的 danger n. 危险 → 形容词 dangerous 危险的 lucky adj. 幸运的 → 反义词 unlucky 不幸的 usual adj. 通常的 → 反义词 unusual 不寻常的 thankful adj. 感激的 → 副词 thankfully 幸亏；感激地 terrible adj. 糟糕的 → 副词 terribly 非常糟地；非常 复习提醒：形容词与副词的相互转换（加 -ly 等）以及与反义词之间的转换（加 un-、dis-、im- 等前缀）是单选题和词形填空题的重中之重。 2.重点形容词、副词辨析 （1）finally / at last / at the end of 的辨析 词汇 用法说明 例句 finally 副词，表示“最后”，多用于列举或顺序描述 Finally, the rescue team arrived. at last 短语，表示经过长时间等待后的“终于”，带有感情色彩 At last, the rain stopped. at the end of 后接时间/地点，表示“在……的末尾” They met at the end of the street. （2）nearly 与 almost 的辨析 词汇 用法说明 例句 nearly 差不多；几乎（强调接近但未完全达到） I was nearly late this morning. almost 几乎（比nearly程度更强，可用于肯定/否定） Almost everyone survived. （3）sudden 与 suddenly 的辨析 sudden（形容词：突然的） 修饰名词，常用搭配 all of a sudden（突然地） suddenly（副词：突然地 修饰动词或整个句子 例句： The sudden change of weather surprised us. / Suddenly, the alarm went off. / We heard a loud noise all of a sudden. （4） soundly 与 deeply 的辨析 soundly（副词：酣畅地） 常与 sleep 搭配，sleep soundly 意为“睡得很香” deeply（副词：深刻地；深深地） 常修饰情感类动词 例句：After the storm, they slept soundly for the first time in days. / I was deeply moved by their bravery. （5）lucky 与 thankfully 的辨析 lucky（形容词：幸运的） 修饰人或事，be lucky to do sth. thankfully（副词：幸亏；感激地） 表示庆幸，常用于句首 例句：We were lucky to have a safe place. / Thankfully, no one was hurt. （6）worse 与 worst 的辨析 词汇 比较层级 用法说明 例句 worse bad/badly 的比较级 更坏的；更糟的（两者比较） The situation got even worse. worst bad/badly 的最高级 最坏的；最糟的（三者及以上） This was the worst flood in 50 years. 【典型例句】 The fire burned many trees, but thankfully, no one was hurt. The rescue workers worked for 12 hours straight and nearly gave up, but they kept going until everyone was safe. 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 warn Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner.欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。(教材P42) warn v. 警告；提醒注意 warn 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见搭配为: warn sb (not) to do sth 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 warn sb of about sth警告某人注意某事 war sb against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事 warn (sb) + that从句警告(某人)说…… 例句： 1.I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。 2.The message warmed us of/ about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。 3.He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。 4.Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健康有害。 —It’s dangerous to swim in this river. —Yes, you are right. The government has warned people ________ in it. A．swimming B．to swim C．not to swim D．not swimming 知识点2 interview take place When did the interviews take place?采访是什么时候进行？(教材P43) 【详解1】interview n.采访;面试 v.采访;对(某人进行面试) (1)interview作名词，意为"面试；访谈"。 He will have an interview next week for the manager’s job.他下周将要接受一个经理职位的面试。 The interview was published in all the papers.各家报纸都刊载了这次采访。 (2)interview作动词，意为"采访；面试"。interview sb.意为"采访某人",相当于have an interview with sb.。 Many people went to interview a young boy after he became an Internet sensation for his good looks and innocent smile.一个年轻男孩因其帅气的外表和纯真的微笑在网络引起轰动后，很多人去采访他。 拓展:interviewee作名词，意为"被采访者；参加面试者”;interviewer作名词，意为"采访者；主持面试者"。 【详解2】take place意为＂发生＂。 【易混辨析】 happen ＂发生＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。 ☞ A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 take place 一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。 ☞ Great changes took place in my hometown last year. 去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 1．Robert wants to become a volunteer too, so he goes to the animal shelter and has ________. A．a party B．an interview C．a meal 2．— More and more people would like to sell their things online. — It is easy for the trade (贸易) to ________ on the Internet. A．take off B．take away C．take place D．take out 3．Our school sports meeting will ________ on October 28. Will you ________ it? A．hold; join B．take place; join in C．happen; join D．have; take part in 知识点3 possibly Where did the interviews possibly take place? 采访可能在哪里进行？(教材P43) 【详解】possibly adv.可能；或许 辨析possibly, maybe, perhaps和probably 辨析 用法 possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低 maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子 perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末 probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高 This last task is possibly the most difficult.这最后一项任务也许是最难的。 Maybe he’ll change his mind.或许他会改变主意。 It won’t take so long next time,perhaps.也许下次不用那么久。 You probably don’t remember me, but we met at a meeting last year.你可能不记得我了，但我们去年在一次会议上见过面。 —My sister studies _______ hardest in our class. —Yes. I think it will be quite _______ for her to win the competition. A．probably, possibly B．probable, possibly C．probable, possible D．probably, possible 知识点4 nearly A window in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.这个男人家的窗户破了，屋顶也几乎被掀翻。(教材P43) 【详解】nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 辨析nearly与almost 辨析 用法 nearly 不可与no、never、nothing等 否定词连用，但可与not连 用，not nearly“远非，绝不是 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时 两者常可互换 nearly前可用very、pretty词、形容词、副 等词修饰 almost 表示"几乎；差不多 ”,可与any或no、never、nothing 等否定词连用，但不能与not连用 They are nearly/almost reaching the end.他们几乎要 到终点了。 There are nearly 2,000 students in our school.我们学校有近2000名学生。 It's almost time to go.是差不多该走的时候了。 Almost no one believes her.几乎没有人相信她。 The rescue team worked through the night and ________ gave up, but they finally put out the fire at dawn. A．nearly B．carefully C．clearly D．quickly 知识点5 trouble Did you have any trouble during the typhoon？台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗？(教材P43) 【详解】trouble n.苦恼；困难；困境 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 【拓展延伸】trouble构成的其他搭配：get into trouble“陷入困境；遇到麻烦”；be in trouble“处于困境之中”。 Eg.If you get into trouble, you can call me. 如果你遇到麻烦，可以给我打电话。 Please call 110 when you are in trouble. 当你有困难时请拨打110。 have trouble doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，a little，great，no，a lot of等。 ☞ I have no difficulty in learning English well. 我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。 ☞ I have some trouble in reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。 1．Don’t trouble ________ until ________ troubles you. A．troubles; trouble B．trouble; troubles C．trouble; trouble D．troubles; troubles 2．I’m sorry I am late. I hope I didn’t cause you ________. A．too much trouble B．so many troubles C．much too trouble D．so more troubles 知识点6 while What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?下大雪的时候你在做什么？（教材P45） 【详解】while 为连词，表示＂在……期间；当……的时候＂。 while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。while用于表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的，常对同类的两个动作进行对比。 ☞ I was writing a letter while Mom was watching TV. 妈妈在看电视的时候我在写信。 ☞ Please write while I read. 我读的时候请写下来。 【知识拓展】 when 既可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段，从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。 while 只表示某个时间段，从句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，且多用于进行时态。强调主句与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 1．While my father ________ Tai Chi in the park yesterday, I was reading books on the bench. A．practices B．practiced C．is practicing D．was practicing 2．While the astronaut ________ outside the spaceship, he dropped a tool. A．is working B．was working C．worked D．works 知识点7 beat When Jenny looked up,thick black clouds were forming in the sky,and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。(教材P45) 【详解】 v.敲;打 (1)beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。 Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。 (2) beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"。 He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。 【用法详解】beat的多种用法： 单词 含义 用法 例句 beat 击打 主语是人，宾语可以是人或物 Somebody is beating at the door. 有人在敲门。 拍打 主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。 beat on against“拍打在某地方” The rain beats heavily against the windows. 雨水重重地敲打窗户。 打败 beat后常接人或由人组成的队伍（beat sb.） He always beats me in tennis. 他打网球总是赢我。 win表示赢得比赛、奖牌、奖杯等，通常match, competition, game, prize等搭配（win sth.） If we win the match, we will be the champion.如果我们赢了比赛，我们就是冠军。 【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为for。常用搭配：be against (doing) sth.“反对（做）某事”；play against sb. “与某人比赛”。 Eg.He stood against the door. 他倚着门站着。 Are you for or against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？ She is against smoking at home. 她反对在家抽烟。 辨析beat与win 辨析 用法 beat 意为“打败战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。 win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等 He won the first prize in the English speech competition.他在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。 We beat the football team of Class 2 yesterday.我们昨天打败了二班的足球队。 1．In the basketball game last Friday, we ________ the team from Class 1 and ________ the game. A．beat; won B．won; won C．beat; beat D．won; beat 知识点8 since In August 2022,China experienced a great heatwave,the worst since 1961.2022年8月，中国经历了自1961年以来最严重的热浪。（教材P48） 【详解】since prep.,adv.&conj.自……以后；从……以来 conj.既然；由于 (1)since作介词，后跟某一确定的过去的时间点或“一段时间+ago”。for后跟时间段 Since then,around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year,the villagers perform fire dragon dances to make wishes.从那以后，每年中秋节前后，村民们都会表演火龙舞来祈福。 (2)since作副词，常用于句末。 She left London ten years ago,and I haven't seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她。 (3)since作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“自……以来”。对由since引导的时间状语从句提问时，要用how long。 It is five years since they left here.他们离开这里已经五年了。 —How long have you worked here?你在这里工作多久了? —Since I graduated from college.自从我大学毕业后。 (4)since作连词，引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然；由于”。 Since you’re tired,let’s stay at home.既然你累了，咱们就待在家里吧。 Since its broth is mostly just water and has no red peppers,it is not spicy.因为其底汤主要是水，不含红辣椒，所以不辣。 辨析because, since和as 辨析 用法 because 表示直接因果关系，可指已知或未知的事实，语气最强，常用于回答以why开头的问句；引导的从句通常置于主句之后，在强调时置于主句之前；because不能与so连用 since 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常翻译成“既然”),语气比because弱 as 引导原因状语从句时，表示较为明显或双方已知的事实，语气亦较弱，位置较为灵活(常放在主句之前) 1．Smart devices ________ our lives since they were first invented. A．change B．will change C．have changed D．has changed 2．I ________ a lot of good manners since I entered middle school. A．will learn B．learned C．have learned D．learn 知识点9 volunteer 知识点16： Over 5,000 firefighters,police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。(教材P48) 【详解】volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 (1)volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”，常见搭配为： be a volunteer for sth (2)volunteer作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，常见搭配为： volunteer as...自愿充当…… volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse. 她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。 I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools. 在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。 Many students choose to be ________ in the community service centre during weekends. Their ________ work has helped a lot of people in need. A．voluntary; volunteer B．volunteer; voluntary C．volunteers; voluntary D．voluntary; volunteers Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 一、掌握描述文化特征的形容词（重点辨析与用法） 1. 描述文化礼仪的形容词及其否定前缀 原形 中文释义 否定形式 中文释义 构词规则 polite 有礼貌的 impolite 不礼貌的 im- + polite formal 正式的 informal 非正式的 in- + formal proper 恰当的；正确的 improper 不合适的 im- + proper safe 安全的 unsafe 不安全的 un- + safe common 常见的 uncommon 罕见的；不寻常的 un- + common usual 通常的 unusual 不寻常的 un- + usual true 真实的 false 错误的；不真实的 对应词，非派生 核心规律：本单元集中呈现了形容词通过前缀（un-/im-/in-）构成反义关系的构词规律。记忆口诀：un-最常用，pin（发音）/im-/in-注意。 2. -ed与-ing结尾情感形容词的辨析（单元语法核心考点） 后缀 含义 修饰对象 典型词例 -ed 感到……的 人（描述人的内心感受、情绪状态） embarrassed,confused,surprised -ing 令人……的 事物/情况（描述事物引发的感受） embarrassing,confusing,surprising 【典型例句】 I was surprised by your bow.（你的鞠躬让我感到惊讶。——人感到惊讶） That’s surprising!（真令人惊讶！——事物令人惊讶） Don’t look so embarrassed!（别看起来那么尴尬！——人感到尴尬） But it is embarrassing!（但这很尴尬！——事物令人尴尬） I was confused by the French kissing customs.（法国的亲吻习俗让我感到困惑。） The Japanese bowing culture is confusing to many Westerners.（日本鞠躬文化让很多西方人感到困惑。） 3.描述行为的核心形容词 形容词 中文释义 搭配句型 rude 粗鲁的；无礼的 It’s rude to do sth.（做某事是粗鲁的） polite 有礼貌的 It’s polite to do sth.（做某事是有礼貌的） proper 恰当的；正确的 the proper way to do sth. private 私人的；不喜欢谈论私事的 private topics 私人话题 married 已婚的 get married 结婚 cultural 文化的 cultural differences 文化差异 Asian 亚洲的 Asian countries 亚洲国家 confused 困惑的 feel confused about... 对……感到困惑 confusing 令人困惑的 a confusing situation 令人困惑的局面 重点句型：It’s impolite/rude to do sth.（做某事是不礼貌/粗鲁的）—考试高频。 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 so …that… 如此……以至于…… —Do you ever bow?你们会行鞠躬礼吗? —No, that's so formal that we don't do it these days.不会，那太正式了以至于我们现在不这么做。 so …that… 如此……以至于…… “so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句”； so…that 意思是“如此…以至于…” 拓展：如果名词被many, much, few, little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。 so that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词. （2）so ... that ... 与 so that 的翻译辨析（高频易错点） 原句 翻译（从中文到英文） 判断要点 表达“如此……以至于……” sb. + be + so + adj./adv. + that + 结果 so后面必须有形容词/副词 表达“为了；以便” sb. + do + so that + sb. + can/could do so that 引导目的状语从句，从句常用情态动词 1．The film was so ________ that I fell asleep half way. A．interesting B．exciting C．boring D．moving 2．Mr Wang is________ kind________ all the students like him very much. A．too, to B．enough, to C．as, as D．so, that 3．The little boy was ________ excited _________ he couldn’t say a word when he saw his favorite star. A．too; to B．such; that C．so; that D．enough; to 知识点2 be used to But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.但一旦我习惯了，我就对那里的文化变得更加好奇和感兴趣。 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 1．I used to ________ my dream. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful one day. A．give up, keeping B．giving up, keeping C．giving up, keep 2．—Are you a teacher of English? —No, but I ________ two years ago. A．used to be B．am used to C．used to do D．don’t used 知识点3 hear from It's so great to hear from you.收到你的来信真是太棒了。 hear动词，意为＂听说＂。hear from sb 意为＂收到某人的来信＂。 常用结构为： （1）hear sb do sth意为＂听见某人做某事＂。 （2）hear sb doing sth意为＂听见某人正在做某事＂。 （3）hear of /about sb / sth意为＂听说某人或某事＂。 （4）hear+that从句意为＂听说……＂。 1．They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far. A．don’t hear from B．didn’t hear from C．haven’t heard from D．won’t hear from 2．I expect ________ from my new friend in Australia at the end of this month. A．hearing B．to hearing C．to hear D．heard 知识点4 attend When I attended my friend's party, I didn't bring anything.我去参加朋友的聚会时，什么也没带。 辨析 意义及用法 join ①指加入某党派、组织、社会团体等，并成为其中一员，相当于become a member of。 ②join sb. 指“加入某人的行列”。 join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如比赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语。 attend 意为“出席”，多为正式用语，可指参加婚礼、典礼、葬礼或上课等，但不一定起到积极的作用。 take part in 指参加某一活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。take an active part in 积极参加 —Would you like to ________ my birthday party this Saturday? —Sorry, I have an important meeting to ________. A．attend; join B．take part in; attend C．join; take part in D．attend; join in 知识点5 remember And remember to wait for the host to start before you eat.还有记住，要等主人开始用餐后你再吃。 【详解1】remember 用法：动词，意为“记住；记得”，常考结构： remember to do sth.（记得要去做某事，事情未做） remember doing sth.（记得做过某事，事情已做） 例句：Please remember to turn off the lights before leaving.离开前请记得关灯。 【详解2】wait的用法 如：①I’m quite happy to wait for you here.我非常高兴在此等候您。 ②Don’t wait to solve problems until the things go worse. 别等到事情变得更糟才解决问题。 1．Remember ________ others in public, and you must avoid ________ impolite words anytime. A．to greet; saying B．greeting; to say C．to greet; to say D．greeting; saying 2．—Did you close the windows before the heavy rain arrived? —Yes, I clearly remember ________ all the windows before I left home. A．close B．to close C．closing 知识点6 it作形式主语 It's important to bring a gift when you visit someone.拜访别人的时候，带上一份礼物是很重要的。 【详解1】本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，其句式结构如下： it is important to bring a gift when you visit someone .真正主语 形式主语 在从句中，it是形式主语，不定式复合结构to bring a gift when you visit someone是真正的主语。 【知识拓展】 it作形式主语的用法 (1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语放在句尾。 (2)it作形式主语的三种常见句型结构： ①It’s + adj. + to do... ②It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... ③It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... (3)It’s + adj. + for sb +to do...与It’s+ adj. +of sb +to do...的用法辨析 It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示客观情况，如：hard，easy，important等 It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等，如kind，nice，clever等 It’s important ________ us ________ get up early and do morning exercises. A．of; to B．for; for C．for; to D．of; for 知识点7 marry They don't like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married, or how much money they make.他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否结婚，或者赚多少钱。 知识点2： marry动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶”。常见搭配： 固定搭配 用法 marry sb. 嫁给某人/与某人结婚 marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人/为某人娶某人 get married to sb. “与某人结婚”，get married强调动作，不能与时间段连用；而be married强调状态，可以与时间段连用 be married to sb. Eg.She married a doctor. 她和一位医生结了婚。 She was determined to marry her daughter to a rich man. 她决定要把自己的女儿嫁给一个有钱人。 They got married last year.他们去年结婚了。 His parents have been married for twenty years.他的父母已经结婚20年了。 Mr. Wang ________ a beautiful lady in 2020. He and his wife ________ for six years. A．married; have been married B．married; have got married C．married to; have got married D．married to; have been married 知识点8 make sure/whenever .Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can.最后但同样重要的是，确保你尽可能使用法语。 make sure 用法：短语动词，意为“确保；查明”，后可接 of sth. 或 that 从句。 例句：Make sure you lock the door when you go out.出门时务必锁好门。 whenever=not matter “无论何时；任何时候” 【拓展】类似的由“特殊疑问词+-ever”构成的合成词还有： 无论谁 no matter = ________ 无论什么no matter = ________ 无论哪里 no matter = _______ 不管怎样 no matter = ________ 1．When traveling in China, make sure ________ a taste of the special food in each city you visit. A．have B．to have C．having 2．Make sure ________ your desk tidy. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．keepping 3．—Does Mr. Miller love his dog? —Yes. Whenever he goes out, he takes it with him. A．No matter who B．No matter when C．No matter what 知识点9 unless 除非你和对方相当熟络，否则最好不要问私人问题。 用法：连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，相当于 if not，遵循 主将从现。 例句：You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。 1．It’s too ________. I don’t think you can get to the airport on time, ________ you take a taxi. A．late; unless B．late; if C．early; unless D．early; if 2．—Ma Long started playing table tennis at the age of 5 and won six Olympic gold medals. —I think he________ loving table tennis ________the sun rises in the west. A．won’t stop; if B．stops; unless C．won’t stop; unless D．stops; if 知识点10 point at It is impolite to point at people in many countries. 在许多国家，用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 point at的意思是＂指向＂，相当于point to，二者一般可互换。point to 指向较近之物。point at指向较远之物，point 后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语，point...at...表示＂将……指向……＂。 ☞ The teacher pointed to one of the pictures. 老师指着其中的一幅图片。 ☞ She was pointing her finger at me. 她用手指指着我。 ☞ He pointed his gun at the enemy. 他举枪对准了敌人。 1．In Japan, you shouldn’t point ________ others with chopsticks or stick them ________ the bowl. A．at, on B．to, at C．to, onto D．at, into 2．You shouldn’t point ________ others with chopsticks while you’re ________ table. A．on; on B．at; on C．at; at D．on; at 知识点11 can't wait to I can't wait to congratulate them.我迫不及待地想向他们表示祝贺。 用法：固定句式，意为“迫不及待地想做某事”，表达急切心情。 例句：The children can’t wait to open their Christmas presents.孩子们迫不及待地想打开圣诞礼物。 The chicken smells good. I can't wait ______ it. A．have B．has C．eat D．to eat 知识点12 at first I was a little lonely at first, but I'm starting to make some friends. 一开始我还有点孤单，但我已经开始交到一些朋友了。 at first意为＂首先，最初＂，通常用于句首或句末，与后来发生的事情相对照，其反义短语为at last，意为＂最后，最终＂。 ☞ At first I didn’t want to go, but I soon changed my mind. 起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。 【易混辨析】 at first 与at the beginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。 ☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。 first of all 与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。 ☞ First of all, open the window. 首先，打开窗户。 1．I think English is hard for me. ________, I don’t know the grammar. A．At first B．First of all C．Not at all D．On the other hand 2．I hated learning English ________, but I am good at it now. A．at last B．at first C．at least D．at most 知识点13 wish She wished her friend happy birthday on the wrong date.她在错误的日期祝福朋友生日快乐。 辨析 用法 wish wish for sth. 想要某物 wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人…… wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事 wish (that)... 希望…… hope hope for sth. 想要某物 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 hope (that)... 希望…… Look forward to look forward to sth. /doing sth. 期盼某物/做某事 30.person receiving the email收到电子邮件的人 【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 1．Lu Yao wishes ________ about her experience of facing challenges in her life. A．to talk B．talking C．talk D．talks 2．________ a lot of good ________! A．What; wish B．What; wishes C．How; wishes 语法 过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 1．—Why was there nobody in the classroom at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? Where did the students go? —They ________ a class about environmental protection in the school hall. A．had B．will have C．have had D．were having 2．When the teacher walked into the classroom, all the students ________ notes quietly. A．take B．took C．are taking D．were taking 3．My cousin saw a traffic accident while he ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．was waiting B．waited C．waits D．is waiting 4．—I called you last night. But you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I ________ a shower at that time. A．take B．took C．was taking D．am taking 5．—What did you do during the weekend? —I ________ a new novel about Anhui local stories the whole weekend. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．have read 6．—I didn’t see you at school yesterday afternoon. Where were you? —I ________ some old clothes for the children in poor areas with my mom. A．prepare B．will prepare C．was preparing D．had prepared 7．While my father ________ Tai Chi in the park yesterday, I was reading books on the bench. A．practices B．practiced C．is practicing D．was practicing 8．—I called you at 7:00 this morning, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ________ breakfast at that time, so I didn’t hear the phone. A．was cooking B．am cooking C．will cook D．cooked 9．—Why didn’t you answer my WeChat message at 8:30 last night? —Oh, I ________ my piano lesson at that time. A．take B．took C．am taking D．was taking 10．—Alice, I saw a bird fall down just now. What was wrong with it? —Sorry, I didn’t notice it. I ________ some trees at that time. A．plant B．was planting C．have planted D．will plant unless、as soon as、so...that引导的状语从句 一、语法概述 在主从复合句中，用作状语的句子叫状语从句。unless、as soon as、so...that分别引导条件状语从句、时间状语从句和结果状语从句。 二、unless、as soon as、so...that引导的状语从句的用法 引导词 用法及示例 unless 意为“ ”，相当于if...not。引导条件状语从句，句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，即遵循“ ”原则。 Eg.如果明天不下雨，我们将去游泳。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go swimming. = . as soon as 意为“”，引导时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“ ”原则；若主句是一般过去时或过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg.我一吃完饭就会做作业。 . so...that 意为“”，引导结果状语从句，其结构如下： ►so +形容词/副词+ that从句 ►so +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that从句 ►so + many/few +可数名词复数+ that从句 ►so + much/little +不可数名词+ that从句 【口诀】“多多少少（many/much/few/little）要用so” Eg.他如此强壮以至于能搬动这个箱子。 . 她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。 . 【拓展延伸】 1.在so...that中，当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句且从句主语与主句主语相同时，so...that可以与...enough to do 进行转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，可与too...to...或not...enough to do进行转换。 Eg.He is so strong that he can carry the box.他如此强壮，能搬动这个箱子。 = He is strong enough to carry the box. Jimmy is so young that he can’t go to school. 吉米（年龄）太小了，不能去上学。 = Jimmy is too young to go to school. = Jimmy is not old enough to go to school. 2.such...that也可以引导结果状语从句，其结构为： ►such + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+不可数名词+ that从句 Eg.They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们是很好的学生，所以老师喜欢他们。 1．As we live in a rapidly developing world, we will be left behind ________ we keep learning. A．until B．unless C．though D．if 2．—Will you go out for a walk with me? —Wait a minute. I will go with you ________ I finish washing the dishes. A．as long as B．as soon as C．even though D．so that 3．________ he is very young, he has read lots of books about Chinese history and culture. A．Even though B．Because C．Since D．If 4．We should save water ________ we can protect our earth. A．although B．until C．so that D．if 5．________ difficult the problem is, we should try our best to solve it. A．No matter what B．No matter when C．No matter where D．No matter how 6．It is important for teenagers to learn to manage their time ________ they can balance study and hobbies. A．so that B．as soon as C．even if D．unless 7．— I’m so nervous about the coming exam. — Take it easy.________ you prepare well, you will succeed. A．As long as B．Even though C．So that D．Unless 8．Susan ________ stop thinking about the maths problem ________ she worked it out. A．doesn’t;until B．didn’t;until C．didn’t;after 9．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep. A．too；to B．so；that C．very；that D．such；that 10．Miss Xu will go jogging in Yannan Park ________ it rains. A．unless B．till C．since D．as 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—I never thought she would _________ my invitation to the theatre. —She will _________ missing the show some day. A．return; be proud of B．review; be happy with C．refuse; feel sorry for D．accept; pay attention to 2．—Emily’s father seems to know everything. —So he does! We all admire him for his rich _________. A．knowledge B．age C．power D．spirit 3．—What were you doing ________ the storm happened? —I ________ home. A．while; drove B．when; drove C．when; was driving D．while; was driving 4．It was getting windy, and the ________ were getting bigger at the beach yesterday afternoon. A．clouds B．stones C．waves D．boats 5．—Can we take a bus to the park? —We can ________ take it, but the bus is very slow at this time. A．soundly B．exactly C．possibly D．nicely 6．The teacher was ________ us to be careful with fire when the bell rang. A．warning B．letting C．allowing D．making 7．I was doing my homework ________ my mother came back home last night. A．while B．when C．after D．before 8．I was so tired that I fell ________ as soon as I lay down. A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy D．sleeping 9．—Don’t give up. Everything will be over soon. —Yes. We should learn to be brave when we are ________. A．in turn B．in trouble C．in time D．in common 10．Many of my classmates have lived in Pizhou ________ they were born. A．for B．when C．since D．before 11．We need to use ________ language when we talk to elders. A．informal B．casual C．formal D．simple 12．—You look so excited! What’s the good news? —I ________ my pen pal in America just now. She will come to China this summer. A．heard from B．left for C．wrote to D．worried about 13．She felt ________ when she fell in front of everyone. A．embarrassed B．excited C．embarrassing D．exciting 14．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep. A．too；to B．so；that C．very；that D．such；that 15．________ you promise to bring my MP3 player back by Saturday, I won’t lend it to you. A．Unless B．If C．But D．When 16．It is ________ to interrupt someone while they are speaking. You should always wait until they finish. A．impolite B．polite C．safe D．unsafe 17．The new culture was ________ different from her own ________ she felt a strong culture shock. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 18．A sincere apology can ________ when you have accidentally hurt someone’s feelings. A．go a long way B．go the wrong way C．go far away D．go short 19．We had a great time at the beach last weekend. We really enjoyed ________. A．us B．ourselves C．our D．ours 20．People usually ________ to each other when they meet in Japan. A．bow B．shake C．hug D．kiss 【答案】A 2、 单词拼写 1．It’s ________ (help) to learn some basic skills to deal with natural disasters. 2．The ________ (beautiful) of the Li River attracts many visitors every year. 3．The ________ (culture) differences between China and Western countries are very interesting. 4．________ (thank), the police arrived in time and saved the little girl. 5．With enough preparation, he could ________ (possible) pass such a difficult exam. 6．His mood is so __________ that I never know how he’ll react. (change) 7．It is ________ (proper) to talk loudly in the library. Please keep your voice down. 8．After failing the first time, she felt deeply ________ (embarrass) in front of her classmates. 9．He was ________ (confuse) about the strange body language. 10．My sister got ________ (marry) last spring and have lived a happy and quiet life since then. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 Something that I learnt from both my parents was the importance of having respect for other people. I remember one day when we were travelling on a bus and I sat down while other people were 1 . My mother shouted at me, “ 2 immediately! You have young legs and you don’t need to sit down.” At the time I felt embarrassed about being told off (责备) 3 , but now I understand. I think children nowadays have 4 the respect and it really makes me angry if I see children sitting down while 5 people are standing. One area in which we had a lot of rules was 6 manners. For example, we weren’t allowed to start our meal 7 the oldest person had started. We had to say “thank you” when our 8 was served, and eat everything on our plates before we could 9 the table. We couldn’t 10 any noise when eating. Worse than that, we were only allowed to have sweets at the weekend, as a special 11 if we had been good. Although my upbringing (养育) was perhaps a bit strict (严格的) compared with 12 children, I’m very thankful to my parents for giving me a clear 13 in life. Even though I was sometimes punished, I think it has made me a better person. 14 my opinion, children need clear rules, but more than that they need to learn how to get on with 15 people and realize they are not the center of the world. 1．A．sitting B．talking C．standing D．sleeping 2．A．Get up B．Sit up C．Give up D．Look up 3．A．in order B．in public C．in surprise D．in person 4．A．won B．shown C．wasted D．lost 5．A．older B．richer C．taller D．heavier 6．A．greeting B．table C．watching D．tour 7．A．if B．because C．until D．though 8．A．farm B．water C．house D．food 9．A．move B．book C．leave D．lay 10．A．make B．express C．warn D．advise 11．A．lesson B．treat C．check D．need 12．A．lovely B．careless C．modern D．perfect 13．A．direction B．answer C．message D．plan 14．A．For B．At C．To D．In 15．A．some B．other C．few D．several 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  hurt  hard  trouble  when  mix  care  burn  passenger  kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 — their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned— but they kept working. Even with 4 best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure camp-fires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves— we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、任务型阅读 In April, a powerful windstorm blew through North China, turning skies orange and making trees dance like crazy. According to weather reports, winds hit over 130 km/h as strong as a tropical (热带的) storm in mountain areas of Beijing and Hebei, while flat areas experienced winds of 90—110 km/h. This kind of storm is very unusual for April, and it lasted for more than 48 hours, knocking down street signs and making airplanes to cancel (取消) flights. Besides strong winds, the storm carried thick sand and dust (尘土) from Mongolia and China’s northwest deserts. They make the sky dark, making it look like nighttime during the day. In cities like Beijing and Tianjin, the air pollution (污染) got to the worst level possible. People had to wear masks not only for health protection but also to keep off polluted air. Schools closed, parks shut down, and delivery services received many orders as people stayed indoors. The storm caused many dangers, including: * Falling signs * Flying rubbish and branches * Overturned trucks on highways Scientists warned that the wind was strong enough to lift small cars. At the same time, heavy snowstorms in Inner Mongolia made the situation even worse. How did people stay safe? Scientists gave the following advice: ☆Stay indoors ☆Close windows tightly ☆Move light items inside 1．What was the speed of wind in flat areas according to Paragraph 1? 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to? 3．Why did people have to wear masks in Beijing and Tianjin? 4．What dangers did the storm cause according to the text? 5．What will you do to keep safe if there is a storm in your city? (At least 4 tips) 二、阅读理解 阅读以下内容，从其后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项是多余的。 Gift giving traditions are greatly different from one country to another. 6 Let’s take a look at the special gifting traditions from around the world. 7 Many Americans think practical gifts like this are useful and thoughtful. However, in certain European countries like Germany, people believe that a knife presented as a gift will cut off your friendship. In Indian culture, left hands are thought to be unclean. 8 This tradition comes from long-held cultural thoughts about cleanliness and respect. In Indian culture, an odd number (奇数) of things or money stands for good luck. Indians often choose odd numbers for gifts to send good wishes. 9 In Zimbabwe, it is common to directly ask for a gift. When you receive a gift without asking for it, even if the giver’s family is poor, it’s the worst way to refuse the offering. 10 These may include jumping up and down, dancing or cheering. A．For example, £11 should be given instead of £10. B．So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands. C．You’d better give a much more expensive gift in return. D．In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea. E．For example, you can give them two bottles of wine as a present. F．Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”. G．A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Units 5~6（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握描述灾害与天气的形容词、副词及重点辨析与用法。 2. 理解并运用过去进行时句型。 3. 掌握描述文化特征的形容词。 4.理解并运用重点句型（so...that.. unless as soon as引导的状语从句） 复习难点： 1.过去进行时的用法 2.-ed与-ing结尾情感形容词的辨析。 3.so ... that ... 与 such ... that ... /so ... that ... 与 so that 的区分 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.侧重描述自然灾害和天气的形容词、副词的词形转换在具体语境中的选择，以及 warn、refuse 等动词的固定搭配。 2.侧重形容词否定前缀（un-/im-/in-）在具体语境中的选择与判断，以及 -ed 和 -ing 结尾情感形容词在语境中的辨析，以及 It is + adj. + to do sth. 固定句型的搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常涉及过去进行时结构的互变、when/while的句型转换，以及时间状语从句中的“主将从现”。 2.常涉及 so ... that ... 与 such ... that ... 的同义转换、so ... that ... 与 so that 的翻译区别、unless = if ... not 的同义转换，以及 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句的主从时态转换。 Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 一、掌握描述灾害与天气的形容词、副词及重点辨析与用法。 1.描述自然灾害的形容词（高频考查） （1）描述天气/灾情严重程度的形容词 形容词 中文释义 例句 serious / severe 严重的 The flood caused serious damage. dangerous 危险的 The situation was extremely dangerous. sudden 突然的 The sudden change in weather surprised everyone. thick 厚的；浓密的 Thick black clouds were forming in the sky. safe 安全的 Everyone was safe after the earthquake. powerful 强大的；有力量的 The powerful tornado destroyed many houses. natural 自然的 natural disasters 自然灾害 （2）描述风速/移动速度的形容词 形容词 中文释义 比较级 最高级 fast 快的 faster fastest slow 慢的 slower slowest strong 强壮的；强烈的 stronger strongest weak 微弱的；虚弱的 weaker weakest （3）形容词/副词的词形转换（单元高频语法考点） 本单元形容词/副词的词形转换是词汇考试的必考内容，需重点掌握： 原词 词性 转换形式 转换结果 possible adj. 可能的 → 副词 possibly 可能；或许 nature n. 自然 → 形容词 natural 自然的 power n. 能量；力量 → 形容词 powerful 强大的 sudden adj. 突然的 → 副词 suddenly 突然地 thick adj. 厚的 → 副词 thickly 厚厚地 rain n./v. 雨；下雨 → 形容词 rainy 阴雨的；多雨的 storm n. 暴风雨 → 形容词 stormy 暴风雨的 wind n. 风 → 形容词 windy 有风的 snow n. 雪 → 形容词 snowy 多雪的 danger n. 危险 → 形容词 dangerous 危险的 lucky adj. 幸运的 → 反义词 unlucky 不幸的 usual adj. 通常的 → 反义词 unusual 不寻常的 thankful adj. 感激的 → 副词 thankfully 幸亏；感激地 terrible adj. 糟糕的 → 副词 terribly 非常糟地；非常 复习提醒：形容词与副词的相互转换（加 -ly 等）以及与反义词之间的转换（加 un-、dis-、im- 等前缀）是单选题和词形填空题的重中之重。 2.重点形容词、副词辨析 （1）finally / at last / at the end of 的辨析 词汇 用法说明 例句 finally 副词，表示“最后”，多用于列举或顺序描述 Finally, the rescue team arrived. at last 短语，表示经过长时间等待后的“终于”，带有感情色彩 At last, the rain stopped. at the end of 后接时间/地点，表示“在……的末尾” They met at the end of the street. （2）nearly 与 almost 的辨析 词汇 用法说明 例句 nearly 差不多；几乎（强调接近但未完全达到） I was nearly late this morning. almost 几乎（比nearly程度更强，可用于肯定/否定） Almost everyone survived. （3）sudden 与 suddenly 的辨析 sudden（形容词：突然的） 修饰名词，常用搭配 all of a sudden（突然地） suddenly（副词：突然地 修饰动词或整个句子 例句： The sudden change of weather surprised us. / Suddenly, the alarm went off. / We heard a loud noise all of a sudden. （4） soundly 与 deeply 的辨析 soundly（副词：酣畅地） 常与 sleep 搭配，sleep soundly 意为“睡得很香” deeply（副词：深刻地；深深地） 常修饰情感类动词 例句：After the storm, they slept soundly for the first time in days. / I was deeply moved by their bravery. （5）lucky 与 thankfully 的辨析 lucky（形容词：幸运的） 修饰人或事，be lucky to do sth. thankfully（副词：幸亏；感激地） 表示庆幸，常用于句首 例句：We were lucky to have a safe place. / Thankfully, no one was hurt. （6）worse 与 worst 的辨析 词汇 比较层级 用法说明 例句 worse bad/badly 的比较级 更坏的；更糟的（两者比较） The situation got even worse. worst bad/badly 的最高级 最坏的；最糟的（三者及以上） This was the worst flood in 50 years. 【典型例句】 The fire burned many trees, but thankfully, no one was hurt. The rescue workers worked for 12 hours straight and nearly gave up, but they kept going until everyone was safe. 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 warn Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner.欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。(教材P42) warn v. 警告；提醒注意 warn 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见搭配为: warn sb (not) to do sth 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 warn sb of about sth警告某人注意某事 war sb against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事 warn (sb) + that从句警告(某人)说…… 例句： 1.I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。 2.The message warmed us of/ about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。 3.He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。 4.Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健康有害。 —It’s dangerous to swim in this river. —Yes, you are right. The government has warned people ________ in it. A．swimming B．to swim C．not to swim D．not swimming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在这条河里游泳很危险。——是的，你说得对。政府已经警告人们不要在里面游泳。  根据“It’s dangerous to swim in this river”可知，河里游泳很危险，因此政府应是警告人们“不要”在里面游泳。warn sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”，此处应用否定形式not to swim。 知识点2 interview take place When did the interviews take place?采访是什么时候进行？(教材P43) 【详解1】interview n.采访;面试 v.采访;对(某人进行面试) (1)interview作名词，意为"面试；访谈"。 He will have an interview next week for the manager’s job.他下周将要接受一个经理职位的面试。 The interview was published in all the papers.各家报纸都刊载了这次采访。 (2)interview作动词，意为"采访；面试"。interview sb.意为"采访某人",相当于have an interview with sb.。 Many people went to interview a young boy after he became an Internet sensation for his good looks and innocent smile.一个年轻男孩因其帅气的外表和纯真的微笑在网络引起轰动后，很多人去采访他。 拓展:interviewee作名词，意为"被采访者；参加面试者”;interviewer作名词，意为"采访者；主持面试者"。 【详解2】take place意为＂发生＂。 【易混辨析】 happen ＂发生＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。 ☞ A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 take place 一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。 ☞ Great changes took place in my hometown last year. 去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 1．Robert wants to become a volunteer too, so he goes to the animal shelter and has ________. A．a party B．an interview C．a meal 【答案】B 【详解】句意：罗伯特也想成为一名志愿者，于是他前往动物收容所并接受了面试。a party“一场聚会”；an interview“一次面试”；a meal“一顿饭”前半句说罗伯特也想成为一名志愿者，收容所一般会对申请者进行筛选，have an interview“参加面试”符合语境逻辑，a party“一场聚会”和a meal“一顿饭”都不符合逻辑。 2．— More and more people would like to sell their things online. — It is easy for the trade (贸易) to ________ on the Internet. A．take off B．take away C．take place D．take out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——越来越多的人想要在网上卖他们的东西。——贸易在网上发生很容易。考查动词短语辨析。take off起飞；take away拿走；take place发生；take out拿出。根据“It is easy for the trade to...on the Internet.”可知，此处是指贸易在网上发生很容易。故选C。 3．Our school sports meeting will ________ on October 28. Will you ________ it? A．hold; join B．take place; join in C．happen; join D．have; take part in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校的运动会将在10月28日举行。你会参加吗？考查动词短语辨析。hold举行，及物动词，后直接跟宾语；take place发生，不及物动词，无被动语态；happen发生，不及物动词，指偶然发生；have有。此处指举办运动会，用have时，应为have a sports meeting。题干中“sports meeting”是主语，空格处需填不及物动词作谓语，且根据“on October 28”可知，此处是指运动会“发生”在10月28日，因此用take place符合题意。题干第二空，join参加，常指加入某个组织或团体，成为其中的一员；join in参加，指参加到某项活动中去，后面一般接表示“活动”的名词或代词；take part in参加，指参加群众性活动、会议等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起作用，有时与join in可互换。题干中“it”指代上文的运动会，是活动，因此用join in或take part in均可。故选B。 知识点3 possibly Where did the interviews possibly take place? 采访可能在哪里进行？(教材P43) 【详解】possibly adv.可能；或许 辨析possibly, maybe, perhaps和probably 辨析 用法 possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低 maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子 perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末 probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高 This last task is possibly the most difficult.这最后一项任务也许是最难的。 Maybe he’ll change his mind.或许他会改变主意。 It won’t take so long next time,perhaps.也许下次不用那么久。 You probably don’t remember me, but we met at a meeting last year.你可能不记得我了，但我们去年在一次会议上见过面。 —My sister studies _______ hardest in our class. —Yes. I think it will be quite _______ for her to win the competition. A．probably, possibly B．probable, possibly C．probable, possible D．probably, possible 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我姐姐可能在我们班学习最努力。——是的。我认为她很有可能赢得比赛。考查形容词副词。probably可能地，副词；possibly可能，副词；probable可能，形容词；possible可能，形容词。第一空修饰动词，应用副词，第二空位于be动词后作表语，应用形容词，故选D。 知识点4 nearly A window in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.这个男人家的窗户破了，屋顶也几乎被掀翻。(教材P43) 【详解】nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 辨析nearly与almost 辨析 用法 nearly 不可与no、never、nothing等 否定词连用，但可与not连 用，not nearly“远非，绝不是 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时 两者常可互换 nearly前可用very、pretty词、形容词、副 等词修饰 almost 表示"几乎；差不多 ”,可与any或no、never、nothing 等否定词连用，但不能与not连用 They are nearly/almost reaching the end.他们几乎要 到终点了。 There are nearly 2,000 students in our school.我们学校有近2000名学生。 It's almost time to go.是差不多该走的时候了。 Almost no one believes her.几乎没有人相信她。 The rescue team worked through the night and ________ gave up, but they finally put out the fire at dawn. A．nearly B．carefully C．clearly D．quickly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：救援队通宵工作，几乎放弃了，但他们终于在黎明时扑灭了大火。nearly几乎；carefully仔细地；clearly清楚地；quickly快速地。句中“worked through the night”和“but they finally put out the fire at dawn.”提示，过程艰难，几乎放弃但最终成功。 知识点5 trouble Did you have any trouble during the typhoon？台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗？(教材P43) 【详解】trouble n.苦恼；困难；困境 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 【拓展延伸】trouble构成的其他搭配：get into trouble“陷入困境；遇到麻烦”；be in trouble“处于困境之中”。 Eg.If you get into trouble, you can call me. 如果你遇到麻烦，可以给我打电话。 Please call 110 when you are in trouble. 当你有困难时请拨打110。 have trouble doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，a little，great，no，a lot of等。 ☞ I have no difficulty in learning English well. 我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。 ☞ I have some trouble in reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。 1．Don’t trouble ________ until ________ troubles you. A．troubles; trouble B．trouble; troubles C．trouble; trouble D．troubles; troubles 【答案】C 【详解】句意：别自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。考查动词形式。第一个空前的“Don’t trouble”中，trouble是动词，意为“打扰”，后接宾语，应使用名词形式trouble（麻烦）；第二个空是until引导的时间状语从句，根据动词使用第三人称单数形式troubles可知，主语是trouble，不可数名词。故选C。 2．I’m sorry I am late. I hope I didn’t cause you ________. A．too much trouble B．so many troubles C．much too trouble D．so more troubles 【答案】A 【详解】句意：非常抱歉，我迟到了。我希望没有给你造成太多的麻烦。考查名词。too much trouble太多的麻烦；so many troubles表达错误；much too trouble表达错误；so more troubles表达错误。trouble麻烦，一般用作不可数名词。much too太，其后接形容词或副词。too much太多，其后接不可数名词。故选A。 知识点6 while What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?下大雪的时候你在做什么？（教材P45） 【详解】while 为连词，表示＂在……期间；当……的时候＂。 while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。while用于表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的，常对同类的两个动作进行对比。 ☞ I was writing a letter while Mom was watching TV. 妈妈在看电视的时候我在写信。 ☞ Please write while I read. 我读的时候请写下来。 【知识拓展】 when 既可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段，从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。 while 只表示某个时间段，从句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，且多用于进行时态。强调主句与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 1．While my father ________ Tai Chi in the park yesterday, I was reading books on the bench. A．practices B．practiced C．is practicing D．was practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天我爸爸在公园打太极时，我坐在长椅上看书。while强调过去两个动作同步持续进行，整体语境为过去场景，用过去进行时。 2．While the astronaut ________ outside the spaceship, he dropped a tool. A．is working B．was working C．worked D．works 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当宇航员正在飞船外工作时，他掉了一个工具。根据主句谓语dropped可知句子基调为过去时。从句引导词While表示“当……期间”，强调背景动作正在进行，因此从句应用过去进行时(was/were + doing)。主语the astronaut为单数，be动词用was。A项为现在进行时，C项为一般过去时，D项为一般现在时，均不符合语境。 知识点7 beat When Jenny looked up,thick black clouds were forming in the sky,and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。(教材P45) 【详解】beat v.敲;打 (1)beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。 Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。 (2) beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"。 He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。 【用法详解】beat的多种用法： 单词 含义 用法 例句 beat 击打 主语是人，宾语可以是人或物 Somebody is beating at the door. 有人在敲门。 拍打 主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。 beat on against“拍打在某地方” The rain beats heavily against the windows. 雨水重重地敲打窗户。 打败 beat后常接人或由人组成的队伍（beat sb.） He always beats me in tennis. 他打网球总是赢我。 win表示赢得比赛、奖牌、奖杯等，通常match, competition, game, prize等搭配（win sth.） If we win the match, we will be the champion.如果我们赢了比赛，我们就是冠军。 【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为for。常用搭配：be against (doing) sth.“反对（做）某事”；play against sb. “与某人比赛”。 Eg.He stood against the door. 他倚着门站着。 Are you for or against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？ She is against smoking at home. 她反对在家抽烟。 辨析beat与win 辨析 用法 beat 意为“打败战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。 win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等 He won the first prize in the English speech competition.他在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。 We beat the football team of Class 2 yesterday.我们昨天打败了二班的足球队。 1．In the basketball game last Friday, we ________ the team from Class 1 and ________ the game. A．beat; won B．won; won C．beat; beat D．won; beat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在上周五的篮球比赛中，我们击败了来自一班的队伍，并且赢得了比赛。 考查动词辨析。beat后接对手（如人或团队），表示击败；won后接比赛或奖品，表示赢得。第一空后接“the team”（对手），故用beat；第二空后接“the game”（比赛），故用won。故选A。 知识点8 since In August 2022,China experienced a great heatwave,the worst since 1961.2022年8月，中国经历了自1961年以来最严重的热浪。（教材P48） 【详解】since prep.,adv.&conj.自……以后；从……以来 conj.既然；由于 (1)since作介词，后跟某一确定的过去的时间点或“一段时间+ago”。for后跟时间段 Since then,around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year,the villagers perform fire dragon dances to make wishes.从那以后，每年中秋节前后，村民们都会表演火龙舞来祈福。 (2)since作副词，常用于句末。 She left London ten years ago,and I haven't seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她。 (3)since作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“自……以来”。对由since引导的时间状语从句提问时，要用how long。 It is five years since they left here.他们离开这里已经五年了。 —How long have you worked here?你在这里工作多久了? —Since I graduated from college.自从我大学毕业后。 (4)since作连词，引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然；由于”。 Since you’re tired,let’s stay at home.既然你累了，咱们就待在家里吧。 Since its broth is mostly just water and has no red peppers,it is not spicy.因为其底汤主要是水，不含红辣椒，所以不辣。 辨析because, since和as 辨析 用法 because 表示直接因果关系，可指已知或未知的事实，语气最强，常用于回答以why开头的问句；引导的从句通常置于主句之后，在强调时置于主句之前；because不能与so连用 since 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常翻译成“既然”),语气比because弱 as 引导原因状语从句时，表示较为明显或双方已知的事实，语气亦较弱，位置较为灵活(常放在主句之前) 1．Smart devices ________ our lives since they were first invented. A．change B．will change C．have changed D．has changed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从智能设备首次被发明以来，它们已经改变了我们的生活。句中出现“since they were first invented”，“since+一般过去时的从句”是现在完成时的标志，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。句子主语“Smart devices”是复数，所以助动词用have，change的过去分词是changed，因此应该用have changed。 2．I ________ a lot of good manners since I entered middle school. A．will learn B．learned C．have learned D．learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从我进入中学以来，我已经学会了很多良好的礼仪。will learn一般将来时；learned一般过去时；have learned现在完成时；learn一般现在时。根据句中时间状语“since I entered middle school”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词。 知识点9 volunteer 知识点16： Over 5,000 firefighters,police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。(教材P48) 【详解】volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 (1)volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”，常见搭配为： be a volunteer for sth (2)volunteer作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，常见搭配为： volunteer as...自愿充当…… volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse. 她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。 I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools. 在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。 Many students choose to be ________ in the community service centre during weekends. Their ________ work has helped a lot of people in need. A．voluntary; volunteer B．volunteer; voluntary C．volunteers; voluntary D．voluntary; volunteers 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多学生选择在周末去社区服务中心当志愿者。他们的志愿工作帮助了许多需要帮助的人。 考查名词和动词辨析。voluntary自愿的，形容词；volunteer名词，志愿者。根据“Many students choose to be”可知，许多学生选择成为志愿者，第一空表示“志愿者”，且由“students”可知是复数形式；第二空修饰名词work，需用形容词，表示“自愿的”。故选C。 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 一、掌握描述文化特征的形容词（重点辨析与用法） 1. 描述文化礼仪的形容词及其否定前缀 原形 中文释义 否定形式 中文释义 构词规则 polite 有礼貌的 impolite 不礼貌的 im- + polite formal 正式的 informal 非正式的 in- + formal proper 恰当的；正确的 improper 不合适的 im- + proper safe 安全的 unsafe 不安全的 un- + safe common 常见的 uncommon 罕见的；不寻常的 un- + common usual 通常的 unusual 不寻常的 un- + usual true 真实的 false 错误的；不真实的 对应词，非派生 核心规律：本单元集中呈现了形容词通过前缀（un-/im-/in-）构成反义关系的构词规律。记忆口诀：un-最常用，pin（发音）/im-/in-注意。 2. -ed与-ing结尾情感形容词的辨析（单元语法核心考点） 后缀 含义 修饰对象 典型词例 -ed 感到……的 人（描述人的内心感受、情绪状态） embarrassed,confused,surprised -ing 令人……的 事物/情况（描述事物引发的感受） embarrassing,confusing,surprising 【典型例句】 I was surprised by your bow.（你的鞠躬让我感到惊讶。——人感到惊讶） That’s surprising!（真令人惊讶！——事物令人惊讶） Don’t look so embarrassed!（别看起来那么尴尬！——人感到尴尬） But it is embarrassing!（但这很尴尬！——事物令人尴尬） I was confused by the French kissing customs.（法国的亲吻习俗让我感到困惑。） The Japanese bowing culture is confusing to many Westerners.（日本鞠躬文化让很多西方人感到困惑。） 3.描述行为的核心形容词 形容词 中文释义 搭配句型 rude 粗鲁的；无礼的 It’s rude to do sth.（做某事是粗鲁的） polite 有礼貌的 It’s polite to do sth.（做某事是有礼貌的） proper 恰当的；正确的 the proper way to do sth. private 私人的；不喜欢谈论私事的 private topics 私人话题 married 已婚的 get married 结婚 cultural 文化的 cultural differences 文化差异 Asian 亚洲的 Asian countries 亚洲国家 confused 困惑的 feel confused about... 对……感到困惑 confusing 令人困惑的 a confusing situation 令人困惑的局面 重点句型：It’s impolite/rude to do sth.（做某事是不礼貌/粗鲁的）—考试高频。 二、重点单词讲解 知识点1 so …that… 如此……以至于…… —Do you ever bow?你们会行鞠躬礼吗? —No, that's so formal that we don't do it these days.不会，那太正式了以至于我们现在不这么做。 so …that… 如此……以至于…… “so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句”； so…that 意思是“如此…以至于…” 拓展：如果名词被many, much, few, little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。 so that表示“以便”， 用来引导目的状语从句。相当于in order that, 从句中常用can, could, may, might等情态动词. （2）so ... that ... 与 so that 的翻译辨析（高频易错点） 原句 翻译（从中文到英文） 判断要点 表达“如此……以至于……” sb. + be + so + adj./adv. + that + 结果 so后面必须有形容词/副词 表达“为了；以便” sb. + do + so that + sb. + can/could do so that 引导目的状语从句，从句常用情态动词 1．The film was so ________ that I fell asleep half way. A．interesting B．exciting C．boring D．moving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这部电影太无聊了，以至于我在半途中睡着了。interesting有趣的；exciting令人兴奋的；boring无聊的；moving感人的。根据“I fell asleep half way.”可知看电影看到一半睡着了，说明电影很无聊。 2．Mr Wang is________ kind________ all the students like him very much. A．too, to B．enough, to C．as, as D．so, that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：王老师如此和蔼，以至于所有学生都非常喜欢他。too...to...太……而不能……，后面接动词原形；enough...to...足够……去做……，后面接动词原形；as...as..和……一样，后面接比较对象；so...that...如此……以至于……，后面接从句。根据空后“all the students like him very much”是一个完整句子，表示结果，符合 so...that...引导结果状语从句的用法。 3．The little boy was ________ excited _________ he couldn’t say a word when he saw his favorite star. A．too; to B．such; that C．so; that D．enough; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当这个小男孩看到他最喜欢的明星时，他是如此兴奋以至于说不出话来。 too...to...太……而不能……；such...that...如此……以至于……（such后接名词或名词短语）；so...that...如此……以至于……（so后接形容词或副词，that后接完整句子）；enough...to...足够……去做某事（enough置于形容词之后且后接动词原形）。题干中“excited”是形容词且后面接的是句子“he couldn’t say a word”，可知符合“so...that...”结构。 知识点2 be used to But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.但一旦我习惯了，我就对那里的文化变得更加好奇和感兴趣。 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 1．I used to ________ my dream. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful one day. A．give up, keeping B．giving up, keeping C．giving up, keep 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我曾经放弃过我的梦想。但现在我习惯了持续做任何事情。我认为我总有一天会成功的。考查非谓语动词。give up放弃；keeping保持，keep的ing形式；keep保持，动词原形。根据used to do sth“过去常常做某事”可知，第一个空格用动词原形；根据get used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”可知，第二个空格填keeping。故选A。 2．—Are you a teacher of English? —No, but I ________ two years ago. A．used to be B．am used to C．used to do D．don’t used 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你是一个英语老师吗？——不是，但是两年前我是。考查一般过去时used to do用法。根据“but I...two years ago”可知，此处表达的是我曾经是。used to be“过去是……”，故选A。 知识点3 hear from It's so great to hear from you.收到你的来信真是太棒了。 hear动词，意为＂听说＂。hear from sb 意为＂收到某人的来信＂。 常用结构为： （1）hear sb do sth意为＂听见某人做某事＂。 （2）hear sb doing sth意为＂听见某人正在做某事＂。 （3）hear of /about sb / sth意为＂听说某人或某事＂。 （4）hear+that从句意为＂听说……＂。 1．They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far. A．don’t hear from B．didn’t hear from C．haven’t heard from D．won’t hear from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们上周去了北京，到现在我们还没有他们的消息。考查时态。so far表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用，其构成为主语+have/has+done。故选C。 2．I expect ________ from my new friend in Australia at the end of this month. A．hearing B．to hearing C．to hear D．heard 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我希望在本月底收到我在澳大利亚的新朋友的来信。考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth.“期望做某事”，是固定词组。故选C。 知识点4 attend When I attended my friend's party, I didn't bring anything.我去参加朋友的聚会时，什么也没带。 辨析 意义及用法 join ①指加入某党派、组织、社会团体等，并成为其中一员，相当于become a member of。 ②join sb. 指“加入某人的行列”。 join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如比赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语。 attend 意为“出席”，多为正式用语，可指参加婚礼、典礼、葬礼或上课等，但不一定起到积极的作用。 take part in 指参加某一活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。take an active part in 积极参加 —Would you like to ________ my birthday party this Saturday? —Sorry, I have an important meeting to ________. A．attend; join B．take part in; attend C．join; take part in D．attend; join in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个星期六你愿意参加我的生日聚会吗？——对不起，我有一个重要的会议要参加。 考查词义辨析。attend出席，参加（会议或课）；join加入（组织或团体）；take part in参加（群众性活动）；join in加入，参加（活动）。由空格后“my birthday party”可知是参加生日派对，表达参加活动，第一个空格处用动词短语take part in或join in， 根据“an important meeting”可知表达出席会议，第二个空格处用动词attend。故选B。 知识点5 remember And remember to wait for the host to start before you eat.还有记住，要等主人开始用餐后你再吃。 【详解1】remember 用法：动词，意为“记住；记得”，常考结构： remember to do sth.（记得要去做某事，事情未做） remember doing sth.（记得做过某事，事情已做） 例句：Please remember to turn off the lights before leaving.离开前请记得关灯。 【详解2】wait的用法 如：①I’m quite happy to wait for you here.我非常高兴在此等候您。 ②Don’t wait to solve problems until the things go worse. 别等到事情变得更糟才解决问题。 1．Remember ________ others in public, and you must avoid ________ impolite words anytime. A．to greet; saying B．greeting; to say C．to greet; to say D．greeting; saying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：记得在公共场合和别人打招呼，而且任何时候你都必须避免说不礼貌的话。根据“remember”的用法“remember to do sth.”以及“remember doing sth.”可知，第一空表示记得去做某事，所以用“to greet”；根据“avoid”的用法“avoid doing sth.”可知，第二空用“saying”。 2．—Did you close the windows before the heavy rain arrived? —Yes, I clearly remember ________ all the windows before I left home. A．close B．to close C．closing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在大雨到来之前你关窗户了吗？——是的，我清楚地记得离开家之前关了所有的窗户。 remember to do sth. 表示“记得要做某事”，动作未发生；remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”，动作已发生。根据答语“Yes”及时间状语“before I left home”可知，关窗户的动作已经完成，是记得做过这件事，应用动名词形式。应填closing。 知识点6 it作形式主语 It's important to bring a gift when you visit someone.拜访别人的时候，带上一份礼物是很重要的。 【详解1】本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，其句式结构如下： [ it is important to bring a gift when you visit someone ].真正主语 形式主语 在从句中，it是形式主语，不定式复合结构to bring a gift when you visit someone是真正的主语。 【知识拓展】 it作形式主语的用法 (1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语放在句尾。 (2)it作形式主语的三种常见句型结构： ①It’s + adj. + to do... ②It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... ③It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... (3)It’s + adj. + for sb +to do...与It’s+ adj. +of sb +to do...的用法辨析 It’s + adj. + for sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示客观情况，如：hard，easy，important等 It’s + adj. + of sb + to do... 句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等，如kind，nice，clever等 It’s important ________ us ________ get up early and do morning exercises. A．of; to B．for; for C．for; to D．of; for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：早起并做早操对我们来说很重要。固定句型“It’s+adj.+for/of sb+to do sth.”中介词的辨析：当形容词表示事物的性质时，介词用for；当形容词表示人的性格特征时，介词用of。important表示事情的重要性，第一空填for。第二空填to构成动词不定式作真正主语。 知识点7 marry They don't like it when others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married, or how much money they make.他们不喜欢别人问他们的年龄、家庭、是否结婚，或者赚多少钱。 知识点2： marry动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶”。常见搭配： 固定搭配 用法 marry sb. 嫁给某人/与某人结婚 marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人/为某人娶某人 get married to sb. “与某人结婚”，get married强调动作，不能与时间段连用；而be married强调状态，可以与时间段连用 be married to sb. Eg.She married a doctor. 她和一位医生结了婚。 She was determined to marry her daughter to a rich man. 她决定要把自己的女儿嫁给一个有钱人。 They got married last year.他们去年结婚了。 His parents have been married for twenty years.他的父母已经结婚20年了。 Mr. Wang ________ a beautiful lady in 2020. He and his wife ________ for six years. A．married; have been married B．married; have got married C．married to; have got married D．married to; have been married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：王先生在 2020 年娶了一位漂亮的女士。他和妻子已经结婚六年了。marry是及物动词，后直接接人，不用介词to，排除 C、D 选项；根据“for six years”是一段时间，可知谓语动词需用延续性动词，have been married表示状态可延续，A符合语法要求；have got married表示瞬间动作不可延续。 知识点8 make sure/whenever .Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can.最后但同样重要的是，确保你尽可能使用法语。 make sure 用法：短语动词，意为“确保；查明”，后可接 of sth. 或 that 从句。 例句：Make sure you lock the door when you go out.出门时务必锁好门。 whenever=not matter when “无论何时；任何时候” 【拓展】类似的由“特殊疑问词+-ever”构成的合成词还有： 无论谁 no matter who = ____whoever_____ 无论什么no matter what = ____whatever_____ 无论哪里 no matter where = ___wherever_____ 不管怎样 no matter how = ____however_____ 1．When traveling in China, make sure ________ a taste of the special food in each city you visit. A．have B．to have C．having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在中国旅游时，一定要确保品尝你到访的每个城市的特色美食。考查非谓语动词用法。have有，动词原形；to have动词不定式；having现在分词或动名词。make sure后接不定式to do表示“确保做某事”。故选B。 2．Make sure ________ your desk tidy. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．keepping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：确保你的桌子保持整洁。考查非谓语动词。根据“Make sure”可知，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语，make sure to do sth表示确保做某事。选项C“to keep”符合语法规则。故选C。 3．—Does Mr. Miller love his dog? —Yes. Whenever he goes out, he takes it with him. A．No matter who B．No matter when C．No matter what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——米勒先生爱他的狗吗？——是的。他每次出门都带着它。考查状语从句连词。no matter who无论谁；no matter when无论何时；no matter what无论什么。whenever引导让步状语状语从句，与no matter when同义，表示“无论何时”。故选B。 知识点9 unless 除非你和对方相当熟络，否则最好不要问私人问题。 用法：连词，意为“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，相当于 if not，遵循 主将从现。 例句：You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。 1．It’s too ________. I don’t think you can get to the airport on time, ________ you take a taxi. A．late; unless B．late; if C．early; unless D．early; if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：太晚了。我认为你不能按时到机场，除非你坐出租车。考查形容词辨析和连词用法。late迟到的；early早的；unless除非；if如果。根据“I don’t think you can get to the airport on time”可知，时间紧迫，可能太晚，故第一空选late；第二空表示“除非坐出租车，否则不能按时到”，需要用unless表示条件。故选A。 2．—Ma Long started playing table tennis at the age of 5 and won six Olympic gold medals. —I think he________ loving table tennis ________the sun rises in the west. A．won’t stop; if B．stops; unless C．won’t stop; unless D．stops; if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——马龙5岁开始打乒乓球，赢得了六枚奥运会金牌。——我认为他不会停止对乒乓球的热爱，除非太阳从西边升起。考查时态和连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句。根据语境可知，前半句表达的是“我认为他不会停止对乒乓球的热爱”，应该用一般将来时的否定形式won’t stop；后半句表达的是“除非太阳从西边升起”，表示一个不太可能发生的条件，所以应该用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 知识点10 point at It is impolite to point at people in many countries. 在许多国家，用手指指着别人是不礼貌的。 point at的意思是＂指向＂，相当于point to，二者一般可互换。point to 指向较近之物。point at指向较远之物，point 后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语，point...at...表示＂将……指向……＂。 ☞ The teacher pointed to one of the pictures. 老师指着其中的一幅图片。 ☞ She was pointing her finger at me. 她用手指指着我。 ☞ He pointed his gun at the enemy. 他举枪对准了敌人。 1．In Japan, you shouldn’t point ________ others with chopsticks or stick them ________ the bowl. A．at, on B．to, at C．to, onto D．at, into 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在日本，你不应该用筷子指着别人，也不应该把它们插进碗里。at向；on在……上；to朝，向；onto到……上；into进入……里。第一空考查固定搭配point at sb“指着某人”，应用at；第二空根据stick...into...“把……插进……”可知用into。应填at, into。 2．You shouldn’t point ________ others with chopsticks while you’re ________ table. A．on; on B．at; on C．at; at D．on; at 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吃饭的时候你不应该用筷子指着别人。考查介词辨析。根据“point ... others”和“table”可知，point at“指向；指着”；at table“在吃饭”。故选C。 知识点11 can't wait to I can't wait to congratulate them.我迫不及待地想向他们表示祝贺。 用法：固定句式，意为“迫不及待地想做某事”，表达急切心情。 例句：The children can’t wait to open their Christmas presents.孩子们迫不及待地想打开圣诞礼物。 The chicken smells good. I can't wait ______ it. A．have B．has C．eat D．to eat 【答案】D 【详解】句意：鸡肉闻起来很香。我等不及要吃了。考查非谓语动词。have吃，喝；has是have的第三人称单数形式；eat吃，动词原形；to eat动词不定式。句中使用了句型can’t wait to do sth.“等不及去做某事”，故选D。 知识点12 at first I was a little lonely at first, but I'm starting to make some friends. 一开始我还有点孤单，但我已经开始交到一些朋友了。 at first意为＂首先，最初＂，通常用于句首或句末，与后来发生的事情相对照，其反义短语为at last，意为＂最后，最终＂。 ☞ At first I didn’t want to go, but I soon changed my mind. 起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。 【易混辨析】 at first 与at the beginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。 ☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。 first of all 与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。 ☞ First of all, open the window. 首先，打开窗户。 1．I think English is hard for me. ________, I don’t know the grammar. A．At first B．First of all C．Not at all D．On the other hand 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为英语对我来说很难。首先，我不懂语法。考查副词短语。At first起初；First of all首先；Not at all一点也不；On the other hand另一方面。根据“I think English is hard for me…I don’t know the grammar.”可知是指英语的困难有很多，首先是语法。故选B。 2．I hated learning English ________, but I am good at it now. A．at last B．at first C．at least D．at most 【答案】B 【详解】句意：起初我讨厌学英语，但现在我很擅长了。考查短语辨析。at last最后；at first起初；at least至少；at most最多。根据“I hated learning English...but I am good at it now.”可知，此处指刚开始讨厌英语。故选B。 知识点13 wish She wished her friend happy birthday on the wrong date.她在错误的日期祝福朋友生日快乐。 辨析 用法 wish wish for sth. 想要某物 wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人…… wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事 wish (that)... 希望…… hope hope for sth. 想要某物 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 hope (that)... 希望…… Look forward to look forward to sth. /doing sth. 期盼某物/做某事 30.person receiving the email收到电子邮件的人 【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 1．Lu Yao wishes ________ about her experience of facing challenges in her life. A．to talk B．talking C．talk D．talks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：刘瑶希望谈论关于她面对生活中的挑战的经验。考查非谓语动词。wish to do sth.意为“希望做某事”，故选A。 2．________ a lot of good ________! A．What; wish B．What; wishes C．How; wishes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多么美好的祝愿啊！考查感叹句和名词复数用法。wish祝愿，可数名词；a lot of后跟名词复数，可排除A选项。本句是感叹句，中心词是名词复数wishes，用What引导感叹句，其结构为what+形容词+名词复数+(主谓)。故选B。 语法 过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 1．—Why was there nobody in the classroom at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? Where did the students go? —They ________ a class about environmental protection in the school hall. A．had B．will have C．have had D．were having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天下午3点教室里为什么没有人？学生们去哪了？——他们正在学校大厅上一门关于环境保护的课程。根据时间状语“at 3:00 yesterday afternoon”可知，此处强调过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，应填were having。 2．When the teacher walked into the classroom, all the students ________ notes quietly. A．take B．took C．are taking D．were taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师走进教室时，所有学生正在安静地记笔记。考查过去进行时。when引导过去瞬间动作，主句描述过去某一时刻正在进行的持续动作，用过去进行时（were doing）。故选D。 3．My cousin saw a traffic accident while he ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．was waiting B．waited C．waits D．is waiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我表弟在公交车站正在等公交车的时候看到了一起交通事故。主句谓语动词saw是see的过去式，说明整个事件发生在过去；此处强调主句动作发生的瞬间，从句动作正在进行，因此从句要用过去进行时，应填was waiting。 4．—I called you last night. But you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I ________ a shower at that time. A．take B．took C．was taking D．am taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我昨晚给你打电话了。但你没接。——哦，抱歉。那时我正在洗澡。根据“I called you last night”及“at that time”可知，动作发生在过去某一时刻正在进行，应用过去进行时，故填was taking。 5．—What did you do during the weekend? —I ________ a new novel about Anhui local stories the whole weekend. A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．have read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你周末做了什么？——我整个周末都在读一本关于安徽本土故事的小说。考查过去进行时。“the whole weekend”强调**过去一整段时间持续进行**的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 6．—I didn’t see you at school yesterday afternoon. Where were you? —I ________ some old clothes for the children in poor areas with my mom. A．prepare B．will prepare C．was preparing D．had prepared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天下午我在学校没见到你，你在哪儿？——我当时正和妈妈为贫困地区的孩子们整理旧衣服。根据问句“Where were you?”可知，询问的是昨天下午那个特定时间“我”在哪里，所以答句应该用过去进行时来表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时的结构是“was/were+现在分词”。“I”是第一人称，所以用“was”，“prepare”的现在分词是“preparing”，即“was preparing”。 7．While my father ________ Tai Chi in the park yesterday, I was reading books on the bench. A．practices B．practiced C．is practicing D．was practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天我爸爸在公园打太极时，我坐在长椅上看书。while强调过去两个动作同步持续进行，整体语境为过去场景，用过去进行时。 8．—I called you at 7:00 this morning, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ________ breakfast at that time, so I didn’t hear the phone. A．was cooking B．am cooking C．will cook D．cooked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我今天早上 7 点给你打电话了，但你没接。——对不起，我那时正在做早餐，所以我没听到电话。was cooking 过去进行时；am cooking 现在进行时；will cook 一般将来时；cooked 一般过去时。根据时间状语“at 7:00 this morning”和回答中的“at that time”可知，此处表示过去某一特定时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。 9．—Why didn’t you answer my WeChat message at 8:30 last night? —Oh, I ________ my piano lesson at that time. A．take B．took C．am taking D．was taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨晚八点半你为什么没回我的微信消息？——哦，我那时正在上钢琴课。根据“at 8:30 last night”及“at that time”可知，此处强调过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时“was taking”。 10．—Alice, I saw a bird fall down just now. What was wrong with it? —Sorry, I didn’t notice it. I ________ some trees at that time. A．plant B．was planting C．have planted D．will plant 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爱丽丝，我刚才看见一只鸟掉下来了。它怎么了？——抱歉，我没注意到。那时我正在种树。根据“at that time”可知，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，应填was planting。 unless、as soon as、so...that引导的状语从句 一、语法概述 在主从复合句中，用作状语的句子叫状语从句。unless、as soon as、so...that分别引导条件状语从句、时间状语从句和结果状语从句。 二、unless、as soon as、so...that引导的状语从句的用法 引导词 用法及示例 unless 意为“ 除非；如果不 ”，相当于if...not。引导条件状语从句，句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，即遵循“ 主将从现 ”原则。 Eg.如果明天不下雨，我们将去游泳。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go swimming. = Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go swimming . as soon as 意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“ 主将从现 ”原则；若主句是一般过去时或过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg.我一吃完饭就会做作业。 I will do my homework as soon as I finish the meal . so...that 意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，其结构如下： ►so +形容词/副词+ that从句 ►so +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ that从句 ►so + many/few +可数名词复数+ that从句 ►so + much/little +不可数名词+ that从句 【口诀】“多多少少（many/much/few/little）要用so” Eg.他如此强壮以至于能搬动这个箱子。 He is so strong that he can carry the box . 她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。 She is so beautiful a girl that we all like her . 【拓展延伸】 1.在so...that中，当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句且从句主语与主句主语相同时，so...that可以与...enough to do 进行转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，可与too...to...或not...enough to do进行转换。 Eg.He is so strong that he can carry the box.他如此强壮，能搬动这个箱子。 = He is strong enough to carry the box. Jimmy is so young that he can’t go to school. 吉米（年龄）太小了，不能去上学。 = Jimmy is too young to go to school. = Jimmy is not old enough to go to school. 2.such...that也可以引导结果状语从句，其结构为： ►such + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+可数名词单数+ that从句 ►such +形容词+不可数名词+ that从句 Eg.They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们是很好的学生，所以老师喜欢他们。 1．As we live in a rapidly developing world, we will be left behind ________ we keep learning. A．until B．unless C．though D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们生活在飞速发展的时代，除非坚持学习，不然就会被淘汰。until直到；unless除非（=if…not）；though虽然；if如果。根据逻辑：不持续学习→就落后，unless we keep learning=if we don’t keep learning（如果我们不坚持学习），符合句意。 2．—Will you go out for a walk with me? —Wait a minute. I will go with you ________ I finish washing the dishes. A．as long as B．as soon as C．even though D．so that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你会和我出去散步吗？——等一下。我一洗完碗就和你一起去。 as long as只要；as soon as一……就；even though即使；so that以便。根据“Wait a minute”和“I finish washing the dishes”可知，此处表示一洗完碗就去，as soon as符合语境。 3．________ he is very young, he has read lots of books about Chinese history and culture. A．Even though B．Because C．Since D．If 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管他很年轻，但他已经读了很多关于中国历史和文化的书籍。Even though尽管，表让步；Because因为，表原因；Since自从/既然；If如果，表条件。根据“…he is very young, he has read lots of books about Chinese history and culture.”提示，前后分句存在让步关系，“年轻”与“读了很多书”形成对比，需用Even though表示让步。 4．We should save water ________ we can protect our earth. A．although B．until C．so that D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该节约用水，以便我们能保护我们的地球。although虽然；until直到；so that以便；if如果。根据句意可知，“节约用水”是手段，“保护地球”是目的，so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”，符合逻辑。 5．________ difficult the problem is, we should try our best to solve it. A．No matter what B．No matter when C．No matter where D．No matter how 【答案】D 【详解】句意：无论这个问题有多难，我们都应该尽力去解决它。 No matter what无论什么，后接名词或代词，不能修饰形容词。No matter when无论何时，用于引导时间状语从句。No matter where无论哪里，用于引导地点状语从句。No matter how无论多么，后接形容词或副词，此处修饰形容词difficult，应填No matter how。 6．It is important for teenagers to learn to manage their time ________ they can balance study and hobbies. A．so that B．as soon as C．even if D．unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对于青少年来说，学会管理时间是很重要的，以便他们能够平衡学习和爱好。 so that以便；as soon as一……就；even if即使；unless除非。根据“It is important for teenagers to learn to manage their time”和“they can balance study and hobbies”可知，前句是做法，后句是目的，表示“为了/以便”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。 7．— I’m so nervous about the coming exam. — Take it easy.________ you prepare well, you will succeed. A．As long as B．Even though C．So that D．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我对即将到来的考试很紧张。——放轻松。只要你准备得好，你就会成功。As long as只要，引导条件状语从句；Even though即使，引导让步状语从句；So that以便，引导目的状语从句；Unless除非，引导否定条件状语从句。根据“you prepare well, you will succeed”可知，前后句是条件关系，表示具备某个条件就会产生某种结果。结合语境，此处需要表示肯定条件的连词。应填As long as。 8．Susan ________ stop thinking about the maths problem ________ she worked it out. A．doesn’t;until B．didn’t;until C．didn’t;after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：苏珊直到算出这道数学题，才停止思考。until直到……；after在……之后。not...until...直到……才……。根据从句中“worked”可知句子时态为一般过去时，主句需用didn’t，排除A；结合句意可知是直到算出来才停止思考，应用until 引导时间状语从句，排除C。故选B。 9．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep. A．too；to B．so；that C．very；that D．such；that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影如此无聊，以至于我睡着了。 so...that...如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；too...to...太……而不能……，后接动词原形，不能接句子；very不能与that连用构成结果状语从句，such...that...如此……以至于……，但其结构为such+(a/an)+……(形容词)+名词+that从句。本题空格后直接是形容词boring，没有名词，应填so；that。 10．Miss Xu will go jogging in Yannan Park ________ it rains. A．unless B．till C．since D．as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：徐小姐将去雁南公园慢跑，除非下雨。unless除非；till直到；since自从，因为；as当……时，因为。根据语境可知，通常下雨会影响户外慢跑，此处表示“除非下雨（否则就去）”，用unless引导条件状语从句，符合逻辑。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．—I never thought she would _________ my invitation to the theatre. —She will _________ missing the show some day. A．return; be proud of B．review; be happy with C．refuse; feel sorry for D．accept; pay attention to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我从没想过她会拒绝我的剧院邀请。——总有一天她会为错过这场演出感到懊悔。 return返回；be proud of为……骄傲；review复习；be happy with对……满意；refuse拒绝；feel sorry for为……遗憾；accept接受；pay attention to注意。根据答句“missing the show”可知第一空是拒绝邀请，第二空是后悔遗憾，应填refuse；feel sorry for。 2．—Emily’s father seems to know everything. —So he does! We all admire him for his rich _________. A．knowledge B．age C．power D．spirit 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——艾米丽的父亲似乎知道一切。——的确如此！我们都钦佩他丰富的知识。 knowledge知识；age年龄；power力量；spirit精神。根据“Emily’s father seems to know everything.”可知，因为他似乎知道一切，所以我们都钦佩他丰富的“知识”。 3．—What were you doing ________ the storm happened? —I ________ home. A．while; drove B．when; drove C．when; was driving D．while; was driving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——暴风雨来临的时候你正在做什么？——我正开车回家。 when后面既可以接短暂性动词（瞬间发生），也可接延续性动词，happened（发生） 是瞬间短暂动作，第一个空只能用when。while后面只能接延续性动作（动词多用进行时），不能搭配瞬间动词happened。问句用were you doing（过去进行时），回答要对应“过去正在开车”，用过去进行时was driving。 4．It was getting windy, and the ________ were getting bigger at the beach yesterday afternoon. A．clouds B．stones C．waves D．boats 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天下午风变大了，海滩上的海浪变得更大了。 clouds云；stones石头；waves海浪；boats船。根据“It was getting windy”和“at the beach”可知，风大且在海滩的场景下，海浪会变大，waves符合该语境逻辑，其他选项均不符合，应选waves。 5．—Can we take a bus to the park? —We can ________ take it, but the bus is very slow at this time. A．soundly B．exactly C．possibly D．nicely 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们可以乘公交车去公园吗？——我们可能可以乘它，但是这个时候公交车很慢。soundly彻底地；exactly确切地；possibly可能地；nicely恰当地。根据答语后半句“but the bus is very slow at this time”可知，虽然可以坐公交，但存在速度慢的问题。can possibly表示“或许可以、有可能”，用来表达一种可行但有缺点的方案，完美匹配后半句“but the bus is very slow at this time”（能坐但很慢）的语境，应填possibly。 6．The teacher was ________ us to be careful with fire when the bell rang. A．warning B．letting C．allowing D．making 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当铃声响起时，老师正在告诫我们要小心用火。 warning警告/告诫；letting让；allowing允许；making使/让。let和make后接省略to的不定式作宾补（let/make sb do sth），与题干中“to be”结构不符。根据“careful with fire”可知是安全提示，warn sb to do sth表示“告诫某人做某事”，符合语境。 7．I was doing my homework ________ my mother came back home last night. A．while B．when C．after D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚我的妈妈回家时，我正在做作业。 while当……时候；when当……时候；after在……之后；before在……之前。根据“I was doing my homework...my mother came back home”可知，主句是过去进行时，从句是一般过去时，表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行，when引导的从句常用一般过去时，while引导的从句常用进行时。 8．I was so tired that I fell ________ as soon as I lay down. A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy D．sleeping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我太累了，以至于我一躺下就睡着了。 sleep睡觉；asleep睡着的；sleepy困倦的；sleeping正在睡觉。根据“fell…as soon as I lay down”可知，此处表示“入睡”，fall asleep是固定短语，意为“睡着”，符合语境。 9．—Don’t give up. Everything will be over soon. —Yes. We should learn to be brave when we are ________. A．in turn B．in trouble C．in time D．in common 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——别放弃。一切很快就会结束。——是的。当我们处于困境中时，我们应该学会勇敢。in turn轮流；in trouble处于困境中；in time及时；in common共同的。根据上文“Don’t give up. Everything will be over soon.”以及答句中“learn to be brave” 可知，此处指在困境中要勇敢，应填in trouble。 10．Many of my classmates have lived in Pizhou ________ they were born. A．for B．when C．since D．before 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的很多同学自从出生起就一直生活在邳州。 for因为；when当……时；since自从；before在……之前。根据“Many of my classmates have lived in Pizhou...they were born.”可知，主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，表示动作从过去持续到现在。 11．We need to use ________ language when we talk to elders. A．informal B．casual C．formal D．simple 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们和长辈说话时，需要使用正式的语言。 informal非正式的；casual随意的；formal正式的；simple简单的。根据后句“when we talk to elders”可知，和长辈说话应该用“正式的”语言，以示尊重，应填formal。 12．—You look so excited! What’s the good news? —I ________ my pen pal in America just now. She will come to China this summer. A．heard from B．left for C．wrote to D．worried about 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看起来这么兴奋！有什么好消息？——我刚才收到了我在美国的笔友的来信。她今年夏天要来中国。heard from收到……来信；left for动身前往某地；wrote to写信给某人；worried about担心，忧虑。根据上文“What’s the good news?”和下文“She will come to China this summer.”可知，说话人是因为得到了笔友要来中国的消息才感到兴奋。heard from符合收到消息的语境。 13．She felt ________ when she fell in front of everyone. A．embarrassed B．excited C．embarrassing D．exciting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当她在众人面前摔倒时，她感到尴尬。 embarrassed感到尴尬的；excited感到兴奋的；embarrassing令人尴尬的；exciting令人兴奋的。主语是“She”，描述人的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词；根据“fell in front of everyone”可知在众人面前摔倒应是感到尴尬，而非兴奋。应填embarrassed。 14．The movie was ________ boring ________ I fell asleep. A．too；to B．so；that C．very；that D．such；that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影如此无聊，以至于我睡着了。 so...that...如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；too...to...太……而不能……，后接动词原形，不能接句子；very不能与that连用构成结果状语从句，such...that...如此……以至于……，但其结构为such+(a/an)+……(形容词)+名词+that从句。本题空格后直接是形容词boring，没有名词，应填so；that。 15．________ you promise to bring my MP3 player back by Saturday, I won’t lend it to you. A．Unless B．If C．But D．When 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非你承诺周六前把我的MP3播放器带回来，否则我不会把它借给你。 Unless除非；If如果；But但是；When当……时候。根据主句“I won’t lend it to you”可知，借出的前提是对方承诺归还。Unless引导条件状语从句，意为“除非”，符合“不承诺就不借”的逻辑关系。 16．It is ________ to interrupt someone while they are speaking. You should always wait until they finish. A．impolite B．polite C．safe D．unsafe 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当别人说话时打断他们是不礼貌的。你应该总是等到他们说完。 impolite不礼貌的；polite有礼貌的；safe安全的；unsafe不安全的。根据“You should always wait until they finish.”可知，打断别人说话是不好的行为，是不礼貌的，impolite符合语境。 17．The new culture was ________ different from her own ________ she felt a strong culture shock. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种新文化如此不同于她自己的文化，以至于她感到了强烈的文化冲击。 根据句意前后是因果关系，可排除too…to…、enough…to…；根据different是形容词，可知要用so+形容词+that从句；such后面要接名词短语，不能直接修饰形容词，因此选so；that。 18．A sincere apology can ________ when you have accidentally hurt someone’s feelings. A．go a long way B．go the wrong way C．go far away D．go short 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你不小心伤害了某人的感情时，真诚的道歉会大有帮助。 go a long way大有帮助；go the wrong way走错路；go far away去远方；go short短缺，不足。“A sincere apology can …when you have accidentally hurt someone’s feelings.”提示，此处表达道歉对于弥补过失会大有帮助。 19．We had a great time at the beach last weekend. We really enjoyed ________. A．us B．ourselves C．our D．ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末我们在海滩玩得很开心。我们真的玩得很开心。us我们，人称代词宾格；ourselves我们自己，反身代词；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。固定搭配enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，主语是“We”，所以反身代词用ourselves。 20．People usually ________ to each other when they meet in Japan. A．bow B．shake C．hug D．kiss 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在日本，人们见面时通常互相鞠躬。bow鞠躬；shake握手；hug拥抱；kiss亲吻。根据“in Japan”及常识可知，日本传统的见面礼仪是鞠躬，且“bow to sb.”符合句中搭配。 2、 单词拼写 1．It’s ________ (help) to learn some basic skills to deal with natural disasters. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意：学习一些应对自然灾害的基本技能是很有帮助的。 固定句型It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.，意思是“做某事是……”，可知空处需要填形容词；help 动词变形容词为 helpful，表示“有帮助的”，符合语境。 2．The ________ (beautiful) of the Li River attracts many visitors every year. 【答案】beauty 【详解】句意：漓江的美景每年都吸引着许多游客。the+名词+of，表示“……的……”，beautiful“美丽的”是形容词，此处用名词形式beauty，不可数名词。 3．The ________ (culture) differences between China and Western countries are very interesting. 【答案】cultural 【详解】句意：中国与西方国家之间的文化差异十分有趣。 空格后是名词differences，需用形容词修饰；culture是名词，对应的形容词形式为cultural，意为“文化的”。 4．________ (thank), the police arrived in time and saved the little girl. 【答案】Thankfully 【详解】句意：万幸的是，警察及时赶到救下了这个小女孩。句首空格修饰整个主句，需要副词作状语。thank的副词形式为thankfully，位于句首，首字母大写。 5．With enough preparation, he could ________ (possible) pass such a difficult exam. 【答案】possibly 【详解】句意：如果做好充分的准备，他很有可能通过这样的高难度考试。修饰动词“pass”应使用副词possibly“可能地”。 6．His mood is so __________ that I never know how he’ll react. (change) 【答案】changeable 【详解】句意：他的情绪如此多变，我从来不知道他会作何反应。本句是so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”，副词so后面需要接形容词修饰名词mood“情绪”；后半句表示“我从来不知道他会如何反应”，说明他的情绪是多变的；提示词change是动词“改变”，此处应填其形容词changeable，意为“多变的、变化无常的”。 7．It is ________ (proper) to talk loudly in the library. Please keep your voice down. 【答案】improper 【详解】句意：在图书馆里大声说话是不恰当的。请小声一点。“it is+形容词+to do sth.”是固定句式，意为“做某事是……的”，结合“talk loudly in the library”可知，在图书馆大声说话是不恰当的，此处应使用反义词improper“不恰当的”。 8．After failing the first time, she felt deeply ________ (embarrass) in front of her classmates. 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】句意：第一次失败后，她在同学们面前感到十分尴尬。系动词felt后需要用形容词作表语。embarrass是动词“使尴尬”，它的形容词有两个：embarrassed“感到尴尬的”，形容人，和embarrassing“令人尴尬的”，形容事物，此处主语是she，指人“感到尴尬的”，所以填embarrassed。 9．He was ________ (confuse) about the strange body language. 【答案】confused 【详解】句意：他对这种奇怪的肢体语言感到困惑。根据语境可知，此处描述人的感受，需用形容词作表语。confuse“使困惑”，动词，其形容词形式confused 表示“（人）感到困惑的”，用来修饰人，符合语境。 10．My sister got ________ (marry) last spring and have lived a happy and quiet life since then. 【答案】married 【详解】句意：我姐姐去年春天结婚了，从那以后过着幸福平静的生活。根据“My sister got…(marry) last spring and have lived a happy and quiet life since then.可知是固定短语get married表示“结婚”，符合语境。故填married。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 Something that I learnt from both my parents was the importance of having respect for other people. I remember one day when we were travelling on a bus and I sat down while other people were 1 . My mother shouted at me, “ 2 immediately! You have young legs and you don’t need to sit down.” At the time I felt embarrassed about being told off (责备) 3 , but now I understand. I think children nowadays have 4 the respect and it really makes me angry if I see children sitting down while 5 people are standing. One area in which we had a lot of rules was 6 manners. For example, we weren’t allowed to start our meal 7 the oldest person had started. We had to say “thank you” when our 8 was served, and eat everything on our plates before we could 9 the table. We couldn’t 10 any noise when eating. Worse than that, we were only allowed to have sweets at the weekend, as a special 11 if we had been good. Although my upbringing (养育) was perhaps a bit strict (严格的) compared with 12 children, I’m very thankful to my parents for giving me a clear 13 in life. Even though I was sometimes punished, I think it has made me a better person. 14 my opinion, children need clear rules, but more than that they need to learn how to get on with 15 people and realize they are not the center of the world. 1．A．sitting B．talking C．standing D．sleeping 2．A．Get up B．Sit up C．Give up D．Look up 3．A．in order B．in public C．in surprise D．in person 4．A．won B．shown C．wasted D．lost 5．A．older B．richer C．taller D．heavier 6．A．greeting B．table C．watching D．tour 7．A．if B．because C．until D．though 8．A．farm B．water C．house D．food 9．A．move B．book C．leave D．lay 10．A．make B．express C．warn D．advise 11．A．lesson B．treat C．check D．need 12．A．lovely B．careless C．modern D．perfect 13．A．direction B．answer C．message D．plan 14．A．For B．At C．To D．In 15．A．some B．other C．few D．several 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文作者回忆父母教导的尊重他人及餐桌礼仪，感激严格养育让自己明白规则，学会与人相处，不再以自我为中心。 【详解】1．我坐下，而其他人站着。   后文提到母亲责备作者，让她起身让座，说明当时其他人是“站着”的，standing符合语境；sitting“坐着”、talking“交谈”、sleeping“睡觉”均不符合语境。 2．句意：母亲对我喊道：“马上起来！你有年轻的腿，不需要坐下。”   后文提到母亲让作者让座，Get up“起来”符合语境；Sit up“坐直”、Give up“放弃”、Look up“查阅”均不符合语境。 3．句意：当时在公共场合被责备，我感到很尴尬。   事情发生在公交车上，是公共场合，in public“在公共场合”符合语境；in order“按顺序”、in surprise“惊讶地”、in person“亲自”均不符合语境。 4．句意：我认为现在的孩子已经失去了这种尊重，如果看到孩子坐着而年长的人站着，我真的很生气。 后文提到作者对孩子不尊重长辈的行为感到生气，说明现在的孩子lost“失去”了这种尊重，符合语境；won“赢得”、shown“展示”、wasted“浪费”均不符合语境。 5．句意：我真的很生气，如果看到孩子坐着而年长的人站着。 前文提到母亲让作者给长辈让座，说明此处是older“年长的”人站着，符合语境；richer“更富有的”、taller“更高的”、heavier“更重的”均不符合语境。 6．句意：我们有很多规矩的一个方面是餐桌礼仪。 后文提到吃饭时的各种规矩，属于table manners“餐桌礼仪”，符合语境；greeting“问候”、watching“观看”、tour“旅行”均不符合语境。 7．句意：例如，我们不允许在最年长的人开始吃饭之前就开始吃饭。 此处表示“直到……才”，not…until…为固定搭配，until符合语境；if“如果”、because“因为”、though“虽然”均不符合语境。 8．句意：当我们的食物被端上来时，我们必须说“谢谢”。   此处指用餐时食物被端上，food“食物”符合语境；farm“农场”、water“水”、house“房子”均不符合语境。 9．句意：在离开餐桌之前，我们必须把盘子里的东西都吃完。 吃完饭后要离开餐桌，leave“离开”符合语境；move“移动”、book“预订”、lay“放置”均不符合语境。 10．句意：吃饭时我们不能发出任何噪音。 固定搭配make noise表示“发出噪音”，make符合语境；express“表达”、warn“警告”、advise“建议”均不符合语境。 11．句意：更糟糕的是，我们只允许在周末吃糖果，作为表现好的特殊奖励。 表现好才能吃糖果，是一种特殊待遇，treat“款待/奖励” 符合语境；lesson“课程”、check“检查”、need“需要”均不符合语境。 12．句意：虽然我的成长经历和现代的孩子相比可能有点严格，但我很感谢父母给了我明确的人生方向。 此处指和现在的孩子对比，modern“现代的”符合语境；lovely“可爱的”、careless“粗心的”、perfect“完美的”均不符合语境。 13．句意：我很感谢父母给了我明确的人生方向。   父母的教导让作者有了人生方向，direction“方向”符合语境；answer“答案”、message“信息”、plan“计划”均不符合语境。 14．句意：在我看来，孩子需要明确的规则。 固定搭配in one’s opinion表示“在某人看来”，In符合语境；For“为了”、At“在”、To“到”均不符合语境。 15．句意：但更重要的是，他们需要学会如何与他人相处，并意识到自己不是世界的中心。 固定搭配get on with other people 表示“与他人相处”，other“其他的”符合语境；some“一些”、few“很少的”、several“几个”均不符合语境。 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 they  hurt  hard  trouble  when  mix  care  burn  passenger  kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 — their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned— but they kept working. Even with 4 best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure camp-fires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves— we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 【答案】 1．mixing 2．burned/burnt 3．hurt 4．their 5．when 6．hard 7．trouble 8．kids 9．careful 10．passengers 【导语】本文主要讲述了去年夏天发生在小镇附近的一场严重森林火灾，分析了火灾难以扑灭的原因，并强调了森林防火的重要性，呼吁大家特别是孩子们要负起责任、遵守规则，预防火灾。 【详解】1．句意：那是因为风很大，将火焰和干树叶混合在一起，使其蔓延得更快。根据空后“the flames (火焰) with dry leaves”可知，此处表示“将……和……混合”，应用 mix…with… 结构；mixing为现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随，即“风很大，（同时）将火焰和树叶混合在一起”，说明风大带来的伴随结果。 2．句意：大火燃烧了数天，摧毁了附近的树木和房屋。空处作谓语，根据“The fire…for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby.”可知，此处“燃烧了”数天，动词burn符合句意；因描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。burn的过去式为burned/burnt。 3．句意：一些消防员受伤了——他们的手、脸、胳膊和腿都被烧伤了——但他们继续工作。根据后文“their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned”可知，消防员受伤了；get hurt是固定搭配，意为“受伤”。 4．句意：尽管他们尽了最大努力，大部分森林还是被摧毁了。此处需修饰名词efforts，指“他们的最大努力”，需用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。 5．句意：因为当火灾变得太大时，它们就会变得非常危险。根据“fires grow too big, they become very dangerous”可知，此处表示时间条件，即“当……时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。 6．句意：热量太高，风力使其难以控制。根据“The heat is too high”可知，火灾难以控制，此处应用形容词hard作宾补，构成make it hard to do sth.结构，意为“使做某事变得困难”。 7．句意：即使是小的行为，比如确保营火完全熄灭，也可以防止大麻烦。形容词big后接名词，根据“Even small acts, like making sure camp-fires are completely out”可知，防止的是大麻烦或问题，应用不可数名词trouble表示泛指。 8．句意：对于我们孩子们来说，我们能做什么？根据下文“First, never play with matches in the woods.”可知，此处是针对孩子们说的，应用kid的复数形式kids。 9．句意：如果我们细心且负责任，我们就能从一开始就帮助防止火灾发生。根据并列形容词responsible可知，此处也应用形容词作表语，根据“and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place.”可知，防止火灾发生，需要我们“细心”，需将care变成形容词careful“细心的”。 10．句意：就像乘客在公交车上遵守规则以确保安全一样，我们必须遵守森林规则以保护自然。根据“follow rules on a bus”可知，此处指公交车上的乘客，应用passenger的复数形式passengers，表示泛指。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、任务型阅读 In April, a powerful windstorm blew through North China, turning skies orange and making trees dance like crazy. According to weather reports, winds hit over 130 km/h as strong as a tropical (热带的) storm in mountain areas of Beijing and Hebei, while flat areas experienced winds of 90—110 km/h. This kind of storm is very unusual for April, and it lasted for more than 48 hours, knocking down street signs and making airplanes to cancel (取消) flights. Besides strong winds, the storm carried thick sand and dust (尘土) from Mongolia and China’s northwest deserts. They make the sky dark, making it look like nighttime during the day. In cities like Beijing and Tianjin, the air pollution (污染) got to the worst level possible. People had to wear masks not only for health protection but also to keep off polluted air. Schools closed, parks shut down, and delivery services received many orders as people stayed indoors. The storm caused many dangers, including: * Falling signs * Flying rubbish and branches * Overturned trucks on highways Scientists warned that the wind was strong enough to lift small cars. At the same time, heavy snowstorms in Inner Mongolia made the situation even worse. How did people stay safe? Scientists gave the following advice: ☆Stay indoors ☆Close windows tightly ☆Move light items inside 1．What was the speed of wind in flat areas according to Paragraph 1? 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to? 3．Why did people have to wear masks in Beijing and Tianjin? 4．What dangers did the storm cause according to the text? 5．What will you do to keep safe if there is a storm in your city? (At least 4 tips) 【答案】1．90—110 km/h. 2．Thick sand and dust. 3．Not only for health protection but also to keep off polluted air. 4．The storm caused many dangers, including falling signs, flying rubbish and branches and overturned trucks on highways. 5．I will stay indoors, close windows tightly, move light items inside and put the flashlights within our reach. 【导语】本文主要讲述了一场强风暴席卷华北地区，风力巨大并伴随沙尘，造成严重空气污染、诸多安全隐患，同时文中给出了应对风暴的安全防护建议。 【详解】1．首段直接给出平原地区风速信息“flat areas experienced winds of 90—110 km/h”，题目对应原文这句具体数据，属于原文细节直接提取，因此答案可直接摘抄原文风速。 2．第二段划线词They指代前一句“the storm carried thick sand and dust from Mongolia and China’s northwest deserts”中的“thick sand and dust”，需要结合上文句子内容判断代词指代对象。 3．根据第二段“the air pollution got to the worst level possible. People had to wear masks not only for health protection but also to keep off polluted air”可知，因为空气污染达到最高级别，人们需要戴口罩保护健康、隔绝污染空气，从这两句原文中就能梳理出原因。 4．文中以列表和文字写明风暴带来的危害：Falling signs、Flying rubbish and branches、Overturned trucks on highways，还提到the wind was strong enough to lift small cars以及heavy snowstorms in Inner Mongolia made the situation even worse，答案需要把这些原文列举的危险信息整合概括即可。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，可参照文中科学家给出的建议，再结合生活实际写出至少四条避险做法，表述合理、贴合防灾常识即可。 二、阅读理解 阅读以下内容，从其后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项是多余的。 Gift giving traditions are greatly different from one country to another. 6 Let’s take a look at the special gifting traditions from around the world. 7 Many Americans think practical gifts like this are useful and thoughtful. However, in certain European countries like Germany, people believe that a knife presented as a gift will cut off your friendship. In Indian culture, left hands are thought to be unclean. 8 This tradition comes from long-held cultural thoughts about cleanliness and respect. In Indian culture, an odd number (奇数) of things or money stands for good luck. Indians often choose odd numbers for gifts to send good wishes. 9 In Zimbabwe, it is common to directly ask for a gift. When you receive a gift without asking for it, even if the giver’s family is poor, it’s the worst way to refuse the offering. 10 These may include jumping up and down, dancing or cheering. A．For example, £11 should be given instead of £10. B．So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands. C．You’d better give a much more expensive gift in return. D．In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea. E．For example, you can give them two bottles of wine as a present. F．Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”. G．A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else. 【答案】6．G 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．F 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家各不相同的送礼习俗，分别讲述了美国、德国、印度以及津巴布韦独特的送礼文化与礼仪讲究。 【详解】6．前文提到不同国家的送礼传统大不相同，G选项“A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else.”表示在一个地方表示尊重的行为在另一个地方可能是不礼貌的，承接上文，解释各国送礼习俗差异的具体体现。 7．后文提到许多美国人认为这类实用的礼物贴心又有用，同时对比了德国送刀具的禁忌，D选项“In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea.”表示在美国，一套厨房刀具似乎是绝佳的礼物选择，引出下文美、德两国送礼差异的内容。 8．前文提到在印度文化中，左手被认为是不干净的，B选项“So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands.”表示所以触碰、送礼等行为都需要用右手完成，承接上文，说明印度对应的送礼礼仪。 9．前文提到印度人送礼偏爱奇数数字来传递美好祝愿，A选项“For example, £11 should be given instead of £10.”表示例如，应该送11英镑而不是10英镑，举例佐证上文印度偏爱奇数送礼的习俗。 10．后文提到可以通过蹦跳、跳舞、欢呼等方式表达谢意，F选项“Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”.”表示此外，用行动表达感谢比单纯说谢谢更好，引出下文具体的致谢行为方式。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $