专题01 选择性必修第三册单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期沪外版

专题01 选择性必修第三册单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Fighting Stress 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. (使)焦虑不安、施压；压力 ________________ 2. 身体上；肉体上 __________________________ 3. 害怕的；恐惧的 __________________________ 4. 典型的；正常的 __________________________ 5. 满是汗的；汗津津的 __________________ 6. 激励；鼓舞 __________________________ 7. 使烦恼；添麻烦 __________________________ 8. 活儿；东西；念头 __________________________ 9. 闲暇；空闲；休闲 __________________________ 10. 处理；应付 __________________________ 11. 延缓张伞跳伞 __________________________ 12. 巨大的；极大的 __________________________ 13. 反胃；恶心 __________________________ 14. 吞下；咽下 __________________________ 15. 惊险的；令人兴奋的 __________________ 16. 理解；察觉；意识到 ________________ 17. 明显的；易懂的 __________________________ 18. 不住地；一再 __________________________ 19. 焦虑不安的；惊慌的 ___________________ 20. 运转；起作用；功能 ___________________ 21. 情绪；强烈情感 __________________________ 22. (勉强)承认 __________________________ 23. 治疗专家 __________________________ 24. 消极的；负面的 __________________________ 25. 腹部的 __________________________ 26. 冥想；沉思 __________________________ 27. 瑜伽 __________________________ 28. 反复吟唱；呼喊 __________________________ 二、单词拓展 1. physical(adj.身体的) →____(adv.)→____(n.) 2. scare(v.使害怕) →____(adj.)→____(adj.) 3. norm(n.标准) →____(adj.)→____(adv.) 4. sweat(n.汗水；v.出汗) →____(adj.) 5. inspire(v.激励) →____(n.)→____(adj.)→____(adj.) 6. continue(v.持续) →____(adj.)→____(adv.)→____(adj.) 7. panic(n./v.恐慌) →____(adj.)→____(adj.) 8. meditate(v.冥想) →____(n.)→____(adj.) 9. thrill(v.使激动) →____(adj.)→____(adj.)→____(n.) 10. perceive(v.察觉) →____(n.)→____(adj.) 11. obvious(adj.明显的) →____(adv.) 12. admit(v.承认) →____(n.) 13. function(n.功能；v.运作) →____(adj.) 14. emotion(n.情绪) →____(adj.)→____(adv.) 15. negative(adj.消极的) →____(adv.) 16. vision(n.视力；视野) →____(adj.)→____(adj.) 三、常考单词 1. stress n. 压力；v.(使) 焦虑不安、施压 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be under great stress 身处巨大压力之下2. reduce mental stress 缓解心理压力3. stress the importance of 强调…… 的重要性 ①It is regular exercise that helps us release daily study stress and keep a positive mood.规律运动帮助我们释放日常学业压力，保持积极心态。②Experts stress that enough sleep plays a key role in easing tiredness and stress.专家强调充足睡眠对舒缓疲惫与压力至关重要。 2. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 背重点 背写作佳句 1. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事2. be inspired by 受…… 鼓舞3. inspire confidence in sb. 激起某人信心 ①Great role models inspire young people to stick to their dreams against difficulties.优秀榜样激励年轻人不畏磨难、坚守理想。②I was deeply inspired by his persistent fighting spirit. 他坚持不懈的奋斗精神深深打动并鼓舞了我。 3. handle v. 处理；应付 背重点 背写作佳句 1. handle troubles 处理难题2. handle emotional problems 疏导情绪问题3. properly handle conflicts 妥善处理矛盾 ①Learning time management enables us to handle various tasks efficiently.学会时间管理能让我们高效处理各类事务。②We should keep calm whenever we handle unexpected challenges.处理突发挑战时我们应当保持冷静。 4. perceive v. 察觉；看待；意识到 背重点 背写作佳句 1. perceive…as… 把…… 看作……2. perceive the value of 意识到…… 的价值 ①Different people perceive the same setback in totally different ways.不同的人以截然不同的视角看待同一次挫折。③As we grow up, we gradually perceive the significance of hard work.随着成长，我们慢慢意识到努力的意义。 5. admit v.(勉强) 承认；录取 背重点 背写作佳句 1. admit doing sth. 承认做过某事2. admit one’s mistakes 承认错误3. be admitted into university 被大学录取 ①Only when we bravely admit faults can we achieve steady improvement.只有勇于认错，我们才能稳步提升。②He admitted ignoring his parents’ sincere advice out of impatience.他承认自己因急躁忽略了父母诚恳的忠告。 6. emotion n. 情绪；强烈情感 背重点 背写作佳句 1. control one’s emotion 管控情绪2. negative emotion 负面情绪3. express inner emotion 抒发内心情绪 ①Reading classic works helps us understand complicated human emotions.品读经典帮我们读懂复杂的人类情感。②Holding back negative emotions for long is bad for physical health.长期压抑负面情绪有损身体健康。 7. negative adj. 消极的；负面的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. hold a negative attitude 抱有消极态度2. get rid of negative thoughts 摒弃消极想法3. negative influence 负面影响 ①We ought to ignore negative remarks and keep moving forward.我们应当无视负面言论，砥砺前行。②Bad habits will produce negative effects on teenagers’ growth.坏习惯会对青少年的成长造成负面影响。 8. tremendous adj. 巨大的；极大的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make tremendous progress 取得巨大进步2. bring tremendous changes 带来巨大变化3. face tremendous pressure 面临巨大压力 ①Modern technology has brought tremendous changes to people’s lifestyle.现代科技给人们的生活方式带来巨变。③With consistent efforts, she made tremendous progress in English.凭借持之以恒的努力，她的英语取得长足进步。 9. obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. It is obvious that… 显而易见……2. obvious difference 明显的差别 ①It is obvious that regular exercise contributes to our physical fitness.显而易见，规律锻炼有益于身体健康。②There exists an obvious gap between theory and practical experience.理论和实操经验之间存在明显差距。 10. function v. 运转；起作用 n. 功能 背重点 背写作佳句 1. function well 运转良好2. serve the function of 起到…… 作用 ①Enough rest helps our body and mind function normally after tired study.充足休息能让身心在疲惫学习后正常运转。②Books function as our lifelong teachers in the journey of growth.书籍在成长之路上充当我们一生的良师。 四．单元短语 1. 给……加以重负 __________________________ 2. 焦虑不安；心力交瘁 ________________ 3. 想要某物；想做某事 _______________ 4. 邀请；要求(某人讲话) ____________________ 5. (事前)心慌、紧张 __________________________ 6. 提出(讨论等) __________________________ 7. 挂在心上；惦念 __________________________ 8. 将……记在心中；记住；考虑到 ______________ 9. 求助于；求教于 __________________________ 10. 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉 __________________________ 11. 吸气 __________________________ 12. 呼气 __________________________ 13. 照顾；照料；爱护 __________________________ 14. (情绪激动)喉咙哽住、哽咽 _________________ 15. 不寻常；特殊；超凡脱俗 ____________________ 16. 精神状态 _________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 The to-infinitive as the subject or predicative（动词不定式作主语和表语） 一、动词不定式作主语 1. 基本用法 动词不定式（to do）放在句首，充当句子的主语，表示某次具体、一次性、将来的动作。 例句：To find one’s true vocation is very important.找到真正适合自己的职业非常重要。 2. 常用变通形式（it 作形式主语） 不定式作主语放句首会显得头重脚轻，英语习惯用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式后置。 句型：It is + adj./n. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 改写例句：It is very important to find one’s true vocation. 拓展例句：It takes courage to admit your regrets.承认遗憾需要勇气。 3. 易错提醒 不定式作主语，谓语动词永远用单数。 区别：动名词（doing）作主语多表示习惯、长期行为；不定式多表单次、特定行为。 二、动词不定式作表语 1. 基本用法 放在系动词（be, seem, appear等）后面，解释主语的具体内容、目的、职责、理想。 结构：主语 + be + to do 例句：My goal is to make better decisions in life.我的目标是在人生中做出更好的抉择。 例句：The best way is to learn from past mistakes.最好的办法是从过往错误中吸取教训。 2. 常见主语类型 常以 dream, goal, task, aim, plan, wish, job 等名词作句子主语。 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Nowadays, more and more high school students are suffering from various kinds of stress in daily study and life. 2. It is common for teenagers to feel anxious and stressed when faced with heavy schoolwork. 3. Stress has become an unavoidable problem troubling most young people nowadays. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 点明学生压力来源：课业繁重、考试竞争、父母期待；② 压力负面影响：失眠、情绪低落、学习效率下降；③ 列举减压实用方法：运动、培养爱好、倾诉谈心。 2）主题高分词汇 stress n.压力；anxious adj.焦虑的；overburdened adj.负担过重的；relieve stress 缓解压力；release emotion 释放情绪；regular exercise 规律锻炼；communicate with 沟通；put pressure on sb 给某人施压 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. Only by adopting proper ways can we deal with stress and live a positive life. 2. As long as we learn to manage stress, we can turn pressure into motivation. 3. It is necessary for us to keep relaxed and face stress bravely in the long run. Unit 2 Cherishing Friendship 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 珍爱；钟爱；爱护 __________ 2. 手势；姿态；示意动作 __________ 3. 高一/初一/大学一年级新生 __________ 4. 大量；大批；串、束、扎 __________ 5. 爬；爬行；匍匐行进 __________ 6. 眼泪；泪珠；泪水 __________ 7. 一叠，一摞，一堆 __________ 8. 肌肉；肌 __________ 9. 轻拍 __________ 10. 兄；弟；姐；妹 __________ 11. 喘气，喘息，倒抽气 __________ 12. 楼层 __________ 13. 画家；油漆匠 __________ 14. 肺炎 __________ 15. 工作室；工作间；作坊 __________ 16. 床边 __________ 17. 常春藤 __________ 18. 怒；怒火；怒气 __________ 19. 门厅；过道，走廊 __________ 20. 灯笼；提灯 __________ 二、单词拓展 1. sad(adj.伤心的)→__________(n.悲伤；悲痛；难过) 2. graduate(v.毕业)→__________(n.毕业典礼；毕业) 3. deep(adj.深的)→__________(n.深厚；深度) 4. believe(v.相信)→__________(n.不信；怀疑) 5. estimate(v.估算)→__________(v.低估；对……估计不足) 6. fear(n.害怕)→__________(adv.害怕地，担心地) 7. include(v.包含)→__________(prep.包括……在内) 三、常考单词 1. cherish v. 珍爱；钟爱；爱护 背重点 背写作佳句 1. cherish friendship 珍视友情2. cherish precious memories 珍藏珍贵回忆 ①We should cherish the warm time spent staying with our family. 我们应当珍惜和家人相伴的温暖时光。②We cherish every valuable chance to improve ourselves. 我们珍惜每一次提升自我的宝贵机遇。 2. gesture n. 手势；姿态；善意举动 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make a gesture 做手势2. a gesture of kindness 善意之举 ①A polite small gesture can shorten the distance between strangers. 一个礼貌的小小举动可以拉近陌生人之间的距离。②He waved as a gesture of farewell to his friends. 他挥手向朋友们道别。 3. freshman n.（美）初一 / 高一 / 大一新生 背重点 背写作佳句 1. a college freshman 大学新生2. high school freshman 高一新生 ①As a freshman, he gradually got used to the new campus life. 作为新生，他慢慢适应了崭新的校园生活。②Most freshmen feel curious about everything in the new school. 大部分新生对新学校的一切充满好奇。 4. bunch n. 束；串；大量，大批 背重点 背写作佳句 1. a bunch of flowers 一束鲜花2. a bunch of troubles 一堆麻烦 ①She received a bunch of fresh roses on her birthday. 生日当天她收到一束新鲜玫瑰。②We met a bunch of unexpected problems in the activity. 我们在活动中遇到一堆突发难题。 5. crawl v. 爬行；匍匐行进 背重点 背写作佳句 1. crawl forward 匍匐前行2. crawl out of the room 爬出房间 ①The little baby crawled slowly toward his parents. 小宝宝缓缓爬向自己的父母。②They crawled carefully in the dark to avoid being found. 他们在黑暗中小心匍匐，防止被发现。 6. graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼 背重点 背写作佳句 1. graduation ceremony 毕业典礼2. after graduation 毕业后 ①After graduation, lots of students choose to enter university. 毕业后，许多学生选择升入大学。②We took many photos together on the day of graduation. 毕业当天我们一起拍了很多合照。 7. pat v. 轻拍 背重点 背写作佳句 1. pat sb. on the shoulder 轻拍某人肩膀 ①He patted me on the shoulder to cheer me up when I was upset. 我失落时，他轻拍我的肩膀鼓励我。②Mom patted the kid’s head gently before sleeping. 睡前妈妈轻轻拍了拍孩子的头。 8. disbelief n. 不信；怀疑 背重点 背写作佳句 1. in disbelief 难以置信地 ①She stared at the final result in complete disbelief. 她难以置信地盯着最终结果。②He shook his head in disbelief at the surprising news. 听到惊人消息，他难以置信地摇头。 9. depth n. 深度；感情深厚 背重点 背写作佳句 1. depth of feeling 深厚的情感2. in depth 深入地 ①This article shows great depth of true feeling. 这篇文章饱含深厚真挚的情感。②We discussed the problem in depth after class. 课后我们深入探讨了这个问题。 10. anger n. 怒火；怒气 背重点 背写作佳句 1. control one’s anger 控制怒火 ①It is wise to learn to control your anger in daily life. 日常生活中学会克制怒火是明智之举。②She tried her best to hold back her anger at that moment. 那一刻她尽力压抑住怒火。 四．单元短语 1. 清喉咙；清嗓子 __________ 2. 退学；退出 __________ 3. 把……打扫干净 __________ 4. 帮助……摆脱困境（或解决问题） __________ 5. （给某人）打电话 __________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 复合不定式 Complex Infinitives 一、带逻辑主语：for / of sb to do ① It + be + adj. + for sb to do（事物难易、客观） 1. It is extremely tough for inexperienced explorers to survive the freezing desert nights. 2. It remains vital for teenagers to develop good reading habits to polish their comprehensive abilities. ② It + be + 人品形容词 + of sb to do（kind/cruel/wise/silly） 1. It was generous of the local businessman to donate large sums to support rural education. 二、不定式时态&语态变体（重难点：to have done / to be doing / to be done） 1. to have done（动作早于主句谓语） He is reported to have devoted over ten years to researching endangered wildlife. 据报道他已花费十余年研究濒危野生动物。 2. to be doing（主句动作时，不定式正在进行） The famous novelist seems to be drafting a new science fiction these days. 3. to be done（不定式被动，表将来被动） These damaged cultural relics are scheduled to be repaired next spring. 三、复合宾语结构：动词+宾语+to do urge/require/intend/encourage/permit sb to do 1. Experts urge citizens to take practical measures to cut down carbon emissions. 2. The manager required all staff to hand in work reports ahead of the deadline. 四、不定式自带宾语、状语构成复杂不定式（作定语/状语） 1.（后置定语）We still have numerous tough problems to settle before launching the project. 2.（宾语）They choose to travel across the continent to experience varied local customs. 五、固定句式：疑问词+to do（复合不定式短语） The professor hasn’t decided where to hold the academic exchange meeting. 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Friendship is one of the most precious gifts that life has offered to us. 2. No one can live a completely satisfying life without sincere friendship around. 3. True friendship plays an important role in teenagers’ growth and daily life. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 友谊的意义：失意时陪伴、开心时分享、困境中帮扶；② 维系友情做法：真诚包容、换位思考、主动沟通；③ 举例：朋友帮自己走出低谷的小事。 2）主题高分词汇 cherish v.珍惜；sincere adj.真诚的；companion n.伙伴；forgive v.包容、原谅；stand by sb 陪伴某人；share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦；build up friendship 建立友谊 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. We should value every true friend and guard our precious friendship forever. 2. Real friendship stands the test of time and becomes better as time goes by. 3. With good friends beside us, our life will become much warmer and colourful. Unit 3 Exploring the Unknown 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 巨大的，庞大的 __________ 2. 测量；估量 __________ 3. 长度 __________ 4. 起源，来源 __________ 5. 神秘；奥秘 __________ 6. 金字塔 __________ 7. 考古学家 __________ 8. 日食/月食 __________ 9. 冬至/夏至 __________ 10. 计算；推算 __________ 11. 墓地，公墓 __________ 12. 骨头 __________ 13. 运输，运送 __________ 14. 三石塔 __________ 15. 难以置信的 __________ 16. 原始的；起初的 __________ 17. 天文台 __________ 18. 天文学家 __________ 19. 学者 __________ 20. 未知的 __________ 21. 渴望，愿望 __________ 22. 在远处；超出 __________ 23. 宇宙 __________ 24. 环绕，包围 __________ 25. 壕沟 __________ 26. 本土的，土著的 __________ 27. 领土，领地 __________ 28. 系统；体制 __________ 29. 肉 __________ 30. 部落 __________ 31. 卫星 __________ 32. 保护区；储备 __________ 33. 石灰岩 __________ 34. 造成（危险） __________ 二、单词拓展 1. primitive(adj.原始的)→__________(adv.原始地) 2. uncertain(adj.不确定的)→__________(n.不确定性) 3. predict(v.预言)→__________(n.预言) 4. human(n.人)→__________(n.人类) 5. exploit(v.开采；剥削)→__________(n.开发；滥用) 6. bare(adj.赤裸的)→__________(adv.赤脚地) 7. sharp(adj.锋利的)→__________(v.削尖) 8. dedicate(v.奉献)→__________(n.奉献) 三、常考单词 三、常考单词 1. enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. enormous pressure 巨大压力2. enormous changes 巨变 ①The project has brought enormous changes to local people’s daily life. 这个项目给当地人的日常生活带来了巨大变化。②He faced enormous difficulties but never gave up his original dream. 他遭遇重重困难，却从未放弃初心。 2. origin n. 起源；源头；起因 背重点 背写作佳句 1. the origin of …… 的起源2. trace its origin 追溯起源 ①Scientists are still exploring the origin of ancient buildings. 科学家仍在探寻这座古建筑的起源。②We can trace the origin of this custom back to thousands of years ago. 这个习俗的起源可以追溯到数千年前。 3. mystery n. 神秘事物；奥秘 背重点 背写作佳句 1. remain a mystery 仍是谜团2. solve the mystery 解开奥秘 ①The ancient pyramid still remains a mystery for modern researchers. 古老的金字塔对现代研究者来说依旧是谜团。②Many scientists spend years trying to solve this historical mystery. 众多科学家耗费数年想要解开这个历史奥秘。 4. calculate v. 计算；推测；核算 背重点 背写作佳句 1. calculate the cost 核算成本2. calculate the result 推算结果 ①We need to carefully calculate all costs before starting the plan. 开工前我们需要仔细核算全部开销。②It is hard to calculate how much influence this event will bring. 很难预估这件事会带来多大影响。 5. conclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论 背重点 背写作佳句 1. conclude from 从…… 推断2. conclude a conclusion 得出结论 ①From plenty of facts, we can conclude that hard work pays off. 从大量事实中我们能得出努力终有回报的结论。②Experts concluded that the building dates back to thousands of years ago. 专家推断该建筑始建于数千年前。 6. incredible adj. 难以置信的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. incredible progress 惊人的进步2. incredible scenery 绝美的风光 ①He has made incredible progress in his study within one year. 一年之内他在学业上取得了惊人进步。②The ancient stone buildings show incredible wisdom of ancient people. 这些古老石建筑展现了古人令人惊叹的智慧。 7. previous adj. 先前的；以往的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. previous experience 过往经验2. previous years 前些年 ①His previous working experience helps him deal with new challenges smoothly. 过往工作经验帮他从容应对新挑战。②Compared with previous days, our living conditions have improved greatly. 和从前相比，我们的生活条件大幅改善。 8. isolate v. 隔离；孤立；脱离 背重点 背写作佳句 1. isolate from 与…… 隔绝2. isolate oneself 自我封闭 ①Never isolate yourself from your friends when you meet troubles. 遇到难处别把自己和朋友隔离开。②Bad living habits may isolate people from a healthy lifestyle. 不良作息会让人脱离健康的生活方式。 9. derive v. 起源于；衍生出 背重点 背写作佳句 1. derive from 源自于2. derive benefit from 从中获益 ①Many useful ideas derive from daily life and practical experience. 很多实用的想法都源自日常生活与实践。②We can derive valuable lessons from past failures. 我们能从过往失败中汲取宝贵经验。 10. prohibit v. 禁止 背重点 背写作佳句 1. prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事2. prohibit sb. from doing 阻止某人做 ①Rules prohibit visitors from damaging the ancient relics in the park. 条例禁止游客损毁园区内古迹。②Laws prohibit people from hunting wild animals illegally. 法律严禁人们非法捕猎野生动物。 四．单元短语 1. 谈及；参考 __________ 2. 致力于；奉献于 __________ 3. 发生 __________ 4. 尽管 __________ 5. 源自，来源于 __________ 6. 对……构成威胁 __________ 7. 事实上 __________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。 Point 1 that引导的同位语从句 that在其引导的同位语从句中只起引导词的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不可省略。 ●Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 多年研究发现:有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能在他们长大后仍然存在 ●Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 温居聚会的名字源于这样一个事实,很久以前人们会带木柴作为乔迁礼物。 Point 2 whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”，不能省略，不能用诳替换。 ●He asked her a question whether they can be friends他问了她一个问题:他们能否成为朋友。 Point 3 疑问词引导的同位语从句 疑问词how, where,when,why等引导同位语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分。 ●He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我们展示了他是如何解决那个问题的。 Point 4 常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有: demand要求 advice建议 conclusion结论 hope希望 doubt怀疑 fact事实 formation信息 message消息 idea主意 news消息 order命令 problem问题 promise诺言 question问题 request 请求 suggestion建议 thought想法 truth事实 wish愿望 desire渴望;欲望 word消息 ●When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去参军 ●I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 我对自己承诺:今年,也就是我高中的第一年,会有所不同。 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Curiosity drives human beings to keep exploring the unknown world all the time. 2. From ancient mysterious sites to space exploration, humans never stop exploring mysteries. 3. There are countless unknown wonders waiting for us to discover around the world. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 探索的价值：推动科技进步、拓宽人类认知；② 举例：巨石阵古迹探秘、嫦娥探月工程；③ 青少年做法：保持好奇心、多阅读、勤于思考。 2）主题高分词汇 explore v.探索；mystery n.奥秘；mysterious adj.神秘的；origin n.起源；advance technology 发展科技；remain unknown 仍是未解之谜；scientific exploration 科学探索 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. It is our duty to keep curious and continue exploring unknown things in the future. 2. Continuous exploration helps human society make steady progress step by step. 3. As young learners, we should hold curiosity and discover new things actively. Unit 4 Protecting the Environment 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 恶棍；反派人物 __________ 2. 大气；大气层 __________ 3. 有毒的 __________ 4. 伤害，损害 __________ 5. 吸收 __________ 6. 转变，转化 __________ 7.（动植物）组织 __________ 7. 生物 __________ 8. 氧气 __________ 9. 可能性 __________ 10. 泼洒；溅落 __________ 11. 拥挤的 __________ 12. 山谷；流域 __________ 13. 淹没；溺死 __________ 14. 多产的；生产的 __________ 15. 红外线的 __________ 16. 辐射；放射线 __________ 17. 浓度；专心 __________ 18. 十年 __________ 19. 温和的；和煦的 __________ 20. 冰川 __________ 21. 后退；撤退 __________ 22. 极地的 __________ 23. 证明；论证 __________ 24. 海洋的；海生的 __________ 25. 包装材料 __________ 26. 垃圾；废物 __________ 27. 海龟 __________ 28. 水母，海蜇 __________ 29. 堵塞，阻塞 __________ 30. 毒死；毒害 __________ 31. 调查 __________ 32. 危及；威胁 __________ 33. 维持；支撑 __________ 34. 要素；基本部分 __________ 35. 循环；自行车 __________ 36. 使陷入险境；困住 __________ 二、单词拓展 1. apparent(adj.明显的)→__________(adv.显然；看来) 2. steady(adj.平稳的)→__________(adv.稳定地；稳固地) 3. upward(adj.向上的)→__________(adv.上升；向上) 4. crowd(n.人群)→__________(adj.拥挤的) 5. produce(v.生产)→__________(adj.多产的) 6. concentrate(v.集中)→__________(n.浓度；专注) 三、常考单词 1. absorb v. 吸收；吸纳 背重点 背写作佳句 1. absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳2. absorb knowledge 汲取知识 ①Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen in the daytime. 植物白天可以吸收二氧化碳、释放氧气。②It takes time for students to absorb new professional knowledge. 学生吸收新知识需要时间。 2. convert v. 转变；转化 背重点 背写作佳句 1. convert into 转换成2. convert energy 转化能量 ①Solar equipment can convert sunlight into usable electricity. 太阳能设备能把日光转化成可用电能。②We can convert waste into practical materials under proper conditions. 合适条件下我们能把废料转化为实用原料。 3. demonstrate v. 证明；论证；展示 背重点 背写作佳句 1. demonstrate facts 证实事实2. demonstrate an experiment 演示实验 ①Enough data can demonstrate the bad influence of pollution on nature. 充足数据能证实污染对自然的恶劣影响。②The scientist demonstrated how the machine works to visitors. 科学家向参观者演示机器运转原理。 4. threaten v. 危及；威胁 背重点 背写作佳句 1. threaten wildlife 威胁野生动物2. threaten the environment 破坏环境 ①Plastic garbage in oceans seriously threatens the survival of sea creatures. 海洋塑料垃圾严重威胁海洋生物生存。②Rising temperatures threaten the living environment of polar animals. 气温升高威胁极地动物的生存环境。 5. sustain v. 维持；支撑 背重点 背写作佳句 1. sustain life 维系生命2. sustain development 维持发展 ①Clean water and fresh air are necessary to sustain all living things. 净水与空气是维系所有生物生命的必需品。Green plants help sustain the balance of the whole ecosystem. 绿植助力维持整个生态系统平衡。 6. productive adj. 多产的；丰产的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. productive farmland 高产农田2. productive work 高效工作 ①Fertile soil makes this area one of the most productive farmlands. 肥沃土壤让这片土地成为高产农田。Reasonable rest helps us keep a productive study state. 合理休息能帮我们保持高效的学习状态。 7. concentration n. 浓度；专心 背重点 背写作佳句 1. air concentration 空气浓度2. full concentration 全神贯注 ①The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is rising year by year. 空气中二氧化碳浓度逐年升高。Good concentration is the key to finishing study tasks quickly. 专心致志是快速完成学习任务的关键。 8. retreat v. 后退；退缩 背重点 背写作佳句 1. glaciers retreat 冰川消融后退2. retreat from difficulty 逃避困难 ①Many glaciers around the world keep retreating due to global warming. 受全球变暖影响，全球多处冰川持续消融后退。We should never retreat when facing unexpected challenges. 面对突发挑战我们绝不应当退缩。 9. trap v. 困住；使陷入险境 背重点 背写作佳句 1. trap heat 困住热量2. be trapped in danger 身陷险境 ①Greenhouse gases trap heat and lead to global warming. 温室气体锁住热量，进而引发全球变暖。Many sea animals get trapped in plastic waste every year. 每年大量海洋动物被塑料垃圾困住。 10. mild adj. 温和的；和煦的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. mild climate 温和气候2. mild weather 和煦天气 ①This coastal city enjoys a mild climate all year round. 这座沿海城市全年气候温和宜人。Mild spring weather is perfect for outdoor field trips. 和煦的春日天气很适合户外研学。 四．单元短语 1. 而且；更为重要的是 __________ 2. 充当；用作 __________ 3. 发生 __________ 4. 起作用；参与 __________ 5. 构成；形成 __________ 6. 以……为食 __________ 7. 扔掉；丢弃 __________ 8. 参加 __________ 9. 避开；使不靠近 __________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 Emphatic Sentence（强调句型） 一、It is/was…that/who… It is/was + 被强调部分 + that(物/状)/who(人) + 剩余原句 1. 现在/将来事实：It is… 2. 过去事实：It was… 3. 强调人：who / that；强调事物、地点、时间、原因一律只用that 原句：Scientists made the major breakthrough after years of exploration. 强调主语： It was scientists that/who made the major breakthrough after years of exploration. 强调状语： It was after years of exploration that scientists made the major breakthrough. 检验口诀：删掉It is/was…that/who，句子成分完整、语义不变就是强调句。 二、谓语动词强调：do / does / did + 动词原形 只强调谓语，无that结构 一般现在：do/does 一般过去：did 例句： The researcher did devote decades to protecting endangered ocean creatures. 这位研究者的确耗费数十年保护濒危海洋生物。 二、动词不定式作表语 1. 基本用法 放在系动词（be, seem, appear等）后面，解释主语的具体内容、目的、职责、理想。 结构：主语 + be + to do 例句：My goal is to make better decisions in life.我的目标是在人生中做出更好的抉择。 例句：The best way is to learn from past mistakes.最好的办法是从过往错误中吸取教训。 2. 常见主语类型 常以 dream, goal, task, aim, plan, wish, job 等名词作句子主语。 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Environmental pollution has become a serious global problem that calls for immediate action. 2. It is high time that all people took practical steps to protect our living environment. 3. The damage to oceans and lands reminds us of the importance of environmental protection. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 现存环境问题：海洋垃圾、温室效应、空气污染；② 污染带来危害：生物生存受威胁、气候异常；③ 个人&社会措施：减少垃圾、低碳出行、节约资源。 2）主题高分词汇 threaten v.威胁；pollution n.污染；sustain v.维系；reduce waste 减少垃圾；greenhouse effect 温室效应；take practical action 采取实际行动；marine creature 海洋生物 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. Small efforts from every individual can make a big difference to environmental protection. 2. Only joint efforts of the whole society can save our earth from further damage. 3. We should form green living habits and protect the environment from daily small things. 一、单句语法填空 1．People have always been (scare) of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. 2．Contemporary designers have created three-dimensional building blocks (inspire) by the Luban Lock, serving as educational tools to inspire creativity and critical thinking in children.   3．The new evidence must (admit) before the final judgment is made. 4．Bodyboarding offers a (thrill) experience that brings you closer to the power of the ocean. 5．A library (function) as an education centre provides all kinds of books for the public. 6． (prevent) the habitats of the wild animals from being damaged is very important for wildlife protection. 7．When taking a test, you may feel shaky, (sweat), with your heart beating quickly. 8．One good tip for starting an art journey is (continual) challenging yourself to try something new. 9．This grand mission was intended (strengthen) China’s capacity in surveying deep-sea environments and increased the nation’s global influence in this field. 10．The company aims to (modern) its management system to adapt to the rapidly changing market environment. 11．I haven’t looked at the report in (deep). 12．They are likely to (response) positively to your request for help. 13．It’s important to (breath) fresh air every day to keep healthy. 14．She was anxious to find a good job after (graduate) so that she could improve herself better. 15．In Thailand, it’s customary to deep clean homes, schools, and public spaces to (pure) them ahead of the Thai New Year. 16．You should carefully preserve the precious (origin) and never use it casually in daily life. 17．There are certainly no signs Jason is a rich and successful man! 18．There are still some doubts she could finish it herself. 19．Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. 20．According to some records, the largest ships in Zheng He’s voyage were over 140 meters in (long), demonstrating the advanced technology in constructing ships. 21．The room (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in for a family. 22．The undeniable fact     AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives poses both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for modern society. 23．There is growing concern among parents their children might become overly dependent on digital devices for entertainment and information. 24．Unlike some complex yoga (pose), it focuses on breathing, similar to meditation. 25．The street is very (crowd) on weekends. 26．The tourists (trap) in the mountain were rescued by the police. 27．Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its (significant) as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. 28．This system has been practised for centuries, enabling the Dong people to live in harmony with the land while maintaining a food system that’s both (produce) and sustainable. 29．These normally harmless substances (物质) combine to form a highly (poison) gas. 30．He found the girls (absorb) in watching the TV play. 二、翻译 31．元宵节当天，志愿者们忙着在社区准备节日庆祝活动。（engage）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 32．第一次乘坐高铁远行，我学会了找站台，也学会了和陌生人打交道。(The first time) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 33．乡村生态研学中，呼吸着清新的空气，听着鸟鸣声，我意识到放慢脚步，才能看见风景。(aware) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 34．这家位于大学内拐角处的咖啡店看似普普通通，实则咖啡豆品质上乘，难怪多年来深受师生青睐。(locate) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 35．每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英)   ____________________________________________________________________ 36．当初我们选这款氢能源汽车时，看中的就是它的续航里程。(matter) (汉译英)   ____________________________________________________________________________________ 37．天气转凉时，他的胃会不舒服，奶奶经常提醒他把牛奶热一下再喝。(unless) (汉译英)   _____________________________________________________________________ 38．这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇，连外国读者都争相购买，销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英)   ____________________________________________________________________________________ 39．无论天气好坏，她从不错过晨跑。(miss)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 40．对于一家百年老店而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41．正如这篇报道中所介绍的那样，观众必须搭乘公共交通才能到达这个位于市中心的博物馆。(accessible) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．尽管那所乡村小学简陋，但依然给每个办公室配备了如空调、电饭锅和微波炉之类的电器，极大改进了教师们的工作条件。(despite)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43．中国的新能源汽车在过去的几年里发展迅速是公认的事实。(acknowledge) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 44．她对基础英语语法掌握得很好，所以能准确运用各种句型。(grasp n.) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．重要的是要保护我们的文化遗产，以便后代能够欣赏和传承。(preserve) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 46．只有始终保持谦逊，我们才能在面对批评时看清自己的不足，而非急于辩解。(Only) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 47．这家酒店的招牌下午茶可以在藤蔓满墙的花园中享用。（serve）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 48．外面狂风伴着暴雨，好心的店主招手让我进店躲躲。（accompany）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 49．回顾我的求学之路，我发现每当我等待考试结果揭晓的时候，时间仿佛静止了一般。(inform) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 50．这家公司的新管理层以员工福利和顾客信任为代价，追求降本增效，难怪它的声誉这么快就崩塌了。（expense）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ $专题01 选择性必修第三册单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Fighting Stress 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. stress：v.(使)焦虑不安、施压；n.压力 2. physically：adv.身体上；肉体上 3. scared：adj.害怕的；恐惧的 4. normal：adj.典型的；正常的 5. sweaty：adj.满是汗的；汗津津的 6. inspire：v.激励；鼓舞 7. bother：v.使烦恼；添麻烦 8. stuff：n.活儿；东西；念头 9. leisure：n.闲暇；空闲；休闲 10. handle：v.处理；应付 11. skydive：v.延缓张伞跳伞 12. tremendous：adj.巨大的；极大的 13. churn：v.反胃；恶心 14. swallow：v.吞下；咽下 15. thrilling：adj.惊险的；令人兴奋的 16. perceive：v.理解；察觉；意识到 17. obvious：adj.明显的；易懂的 18. continually：adv.不住地；一再 19. panicky：adj.焦虑不安的；惊慌的 20. function：v.运转；起作用；n.功能 21. emotion：n.情绪；强烈情感 22. admit：v.(勉强)承认 23. therapist：n.治疗专家 24. negative：adj.消极的；负面的 25. abdominal：adj.腹部的 26. meditation：n.冥想；沉思 27. yoga：n.瑜伽 28. chant：v.反复吟唱；呼喊 二、单词拓展 1. physical(adj.身体的) → physically(adv.身体上地) → physician(n.内科医生) 2. scare(v.使害怕) → scared(adj.感到害怕的) → scary(adj.令人害怕的) 3. norm(n.标准) → normal(adj.正常的) → normally(adv.正常地) 4. sweat(n.汗水；v.出汗) → sweaty(adj.流汗的) 5. inspire(v.激励) → inspiration(n.灵感) → inspiring(adj.令人鼓舞的) → inspired(adj.受鼓舞的) 6. continue(v.持续) → continual(adj.频繁的) → continually(adv.不断地) → continuous(adj.连续不断的) 7. panic(n./v.恐慌) → panicky(adj.惊慌的) → panicked(adj.受惊的) 8. meditate(v.冥想) → meditation(n.沉思) → meditative(adj.沉思的) 9. thrill(v.使激动) → thrilling(adj.令人兴奋的) → thrilled(adj.感到兴奋的) → thrill(n.兴奋感) 10. perceive(v.察觉) → perception(n.感知) → perceptive(adj.敏锐的) 11. obvious(adj.明显的) → obviously(adv.明显地) 12. admit(v.承认) → admission(n.承认；入场费) 13. function(n.功能；v.运作) → functional(adj.实用的；起作用的) 14. emotion(n.情绪) → emotional(adj.情绪化的) → emotionally(adv.情感上地) 15. negative(adj.消极的) → negatively(adv.消极地) 16. vision(n.视力；视野) → visible(adj.看得见的) → invisible(adj.看不见的) 三、常考单词 1. stress n. 压力；v.(使) 焦虑不安、施压 背重点 背写作佳句 1. be under great stress 身处巨大压力之下2. reduce mental stress 缓解心理压力3. stress the importance of 强调…… 的重要性 ①It is regular exercise that helps us release daily study stress and keep a positive mood.规律运动帮助我们释放日常学业压力，保持积极心态。②Experts stress that enough sleep plays a key role in easing tiredness and stress.专家强调充足睡眠对舒缓疲惫与压力至关重要。 2. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 背重点 背写作佳句 1. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事2. be inspired by 受…… 鼓舞3. inspire confidence in sb. 激起某人信心 ①Great role models inspire young people to stick to their dreams against difficulties.优秀榜样激励年轻人不畏磨难、坚守理想。②I was deeply inspired by his persistent fighting spirit. 他坚持不懈的奋斗精神深深打动并鼓舞了我。 3. handle v. 处理；应付 背重点 背写作佳句 1. handle troubles 处理难题2. handle emotional problems 疏导情绪问题3. properly handle conflicts 妥善处理矛盾 ①Learning time management enables us to handle various tasks efficiently.学会时间管理能让我们高效处理各类事务。②We should keep calm whenever we handle unexpected challenges.处理突发挑战时我们应当保持冷静。 4. perceive v. 察觉；看待；意识到 背重点 背写作佳句 1. perceive…as… 把…… 看作……2. perceive the value of 意识到…… 的价值 ①Different people perceive the same setback in totally different ways.不同的人以截然不同的视角看待同一次挫折。③As we grow up, we gradually perceive the significance of hard work.随着成长，我们慢慢意识到努力的意义。 5. admit v.(勉强) 承认；录取 背重点 背写作佳句 1. admit doing sth. 承认做过某事2. admit one’s mistakes 承认错误3. be admitted into university 被大学录取 ①Only when we bravely admit faults can we achieve steady improvement.只有勇于认错，我们才能稳步提升。②He admitted ignoring his parents’ sincere advice out of impatience.他承认自己因急躁忽略了父母诚恳的忠告。 6. emotion n. 情绪；强烈情感 背重点 背写作佳句 1. control one’s emotion 管控情绪2. negative emotion 负面情绪3. express inner emotion 抒发内心情绪 ①Reading classic works helps us understand complicated human emotions.品读经典帮我们读懂复杂的人类情感。②Holding back negative emotions for long is bad for physical health.长期压抑负面情绪有损身体健康。 7. negative adj. 消极的；负面的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. hold a negative attitude 抱有消极态度2. get rid of negative thoughts 摒弃消极想法3. negative influence 负面影响 ①We ought to ignore negative remarks and keep moving forward.我们应当无视负面言论，砥砺前行。②Bad habits will produce negative effects on teenagers’ growth.坏习惯会对青少年的成长造成负面影响。 8. tremendous adj. 巨大的；极大的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make tremendous progress 取得巨大进步2. bring tremendous changes 带来巨大变化3. face tremendous pressure 面临巨大压力 ①Modern technology has brought tremendous changes to people’s lifestyle.现代科技给人们的生活方式带来巨变。③With consistent efforts, she made tremendous progress in English.凭借持之以恒的努力，她的英语取得长足进步。 9. obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. It is obvious that… 显而易见……2. obvious difference 明显的差别 ①It is obvious that regular exercise contributes to our physical fitness.显而易见，规律锻炼有益于身体健康。②There exists an obvious gap between theory and practical experience.理论和实操经验之间存在明显差距。 10. function v. 运转；起作用 n. 功能 背重点 背写作佳句 1. function well 运转良好2. serve the function of 起到…… 作用 ①Enough rest helps our body and mind function normally after tired study.充足休息能让身心在疲惫学习后正常运转。②Books function as our lifelong teachers in the journey of growth.书籍在成长之路上充当我们一生的良师。 四．单元短语 1. load down with：给……加以重负 2. stressed out：焦虑不安；心力交瘁 3. feel like：想要某物；想做某事 4. call on：邀请；要求(某人讲话) 5. butterflies in one’s stomach：(事前)心慌、紧张 6. bring up：提出(讨论等) 7. on one’s mind：挂在心上；惦念 8. keep … in mind：将……记在心中；记住；考虑到 9. turn to：求助于；求教于 10. get rid of：摆脱；丢弃；扔掉 11. breathe in：吸气 12. breathe out：呼气 13. take care of：照顾；照料；爱护 14. feel a lump in your throat：(情绪激动)喉咙哽住、哽咽 15. out of the ordinary：不寻常；特殊；超凡脱俗 16. state of mind：精神状态 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 The to-infinitive as the subject or predicative（动词不定式作主语和表语） 一、动词不定式作主语 1. 基本用法 动词不定式（to do）放在句首，充当句子的主语，表示某次具体、一次性、将来的动作。 例句：To find one’s true vocation is very important.找到真正适合自己的职业非常重要。 2. 常用变通形式（it 作形式主语） 不定式作主语放句首会显得头重脚轻，英语习惯用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式后置。 句型：It is + adj./n. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 改写例句：It is very important to find one’s true vocation. 拓展例句：It takes courage to admit your regrets.承认遗憾需要勇气。 3. 易错提醒 不定式作主语，谓语动词永远用单数。 区别：动名词（doing）作主语多表示习惯、长期行为；不定式多表单次、特定行为。 二、动词不定式作表语 1. 基本用法 放在系动词（be, seem, appear等）后面，解释主语的具体内容、目的、职责、理想。 结构：主语 + be + to do 例句：My goal is to make better decisions in life.我的目标是在人生中做出更好的抉择。 例句：The best way is to learn from past mistakes.最好的办法是从过往错误中吸取教训。 2. 常见主语类型 常以 dream, goal, task, aim, plan, wish, job 等名词作句子主语。 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Nowadays, more and more high school students are suffering from various kinds of stress in daily study and life. 2. It is common for teenagers to feel anxious and stressed when faced with heavy schoolwork. 3. Stress has become an unavoidable problem troubling most young people nowadays. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 点明学生压力来源：课业繁重、考试竞争、父母期待；② 压力负面影响：失眠、情绪低落、学习效率下降；③ 列举减压实用方法：运动、培养爱好、倾诉谈心。 2）主题高分词汇 stress n.压力；anxious adj.焦虑的；overburdened adj.负担过重的；relieve stress 缓解压力；release emotion 释放情绪；regular exercise 规律锻炼；communicate with 沟通；put pressure on sb 给某人施压 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. Only by adopting proper ways can we deal with stress and live a positive life. 2. As long as we learn to manage stress, we can turn pressure into motivation. 3. It is necessary for us to keep relaxed and face stress bravely in the long run. Unit 2 Cherishing Friendship 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. cherish v.珍爱；钟爱；爱护 2. gesture n.手势；姿态；示意动作 3. freshman n.高一/初一/大学一年级新生 4. bunch n.大量；大批；串、束、扎 5. crawl v.爬；爬行；匍匐行进 6. tear n.眼泪；泪珠；泪水 7. stack n.一叠，一摞，一堆 8. muscle n.肌肉；肌 9. pat v.轻拍 10. sibling n.兄；弟；姐；妹 11. gasp n.喘气，喘息，倒抽气 12. storey n.楼层 13. painter n.画家；油漆匠 14. pneumonia n.肺炎 15. workroom n.工作室；工作间；作坊 16. bedside n.床边 17. ivy n.常春藤 18. anger n.怒；怒火；怒气 19. hallway n.门厅；过道，走廊 20. lantern n.灯笼；提灯 二、单词拓展 1. sad(adj.伤心的) → sadness(n.悲伤；悲痛；难过) 2. graduate(v.毕业) → graduation(n.毕业典礼；毕业) 3. deep(adj.深的) → depth(n.深厚；深度) 4. believe(v.相信) → disbelief(n.不信；怀疑) 5. estimate(v.估算) → underestimate(v.低估；对……估计不足) 6. fear(n.害怕) → fearfully(adv.害怕地，担心地) 7. include(v.包含) → including(prep.包括……在内) 三、常考单词 1. cherish v. 珍爱；钟爱；爱护 背重点 背写作佳句 1. cherish friendship 珍视友情2. cherish precious memories 珍藏珍贵回忆 ①We should cherish the warm time spent staying with our family. 我们应当珍惜和家人相伴的温暖时光。②We cherish every valuable chance to improve ourselves. 我们珍惜每一次提升自我的宝贵机遇。 2. gesture n. 手势；姿态；善意举动 背重点 背写作佳句 1. make a gesture 做手势2. a gesture of kindness 善意之举 ①A polite small gesture can shorten the distance between strangers. 一个礼貌的小小举动可以拉近陌生人之间的距离。②He waved as a gesture of farewell to his friends. 他挥手向朋友们道别。 3. freshman n.（美）初一 / 高一 / 大一新生 背重点 背写作佳句 1. a college freshman 大学新生2. high school freshman 高一新生 ①As a freshman, he gradually got used to the new campus life. 作为新生，他慢慢适应了崭新的校园生活。②Most freshmen feel curious about everything in the new school. 大部分新生对新学校的一切充满好奇。 4. bunch n. 束；串；大量，大批 背重点 背写作佳句 1. a bunch of flowers 一束鲜花2. a bunch of troubles 一堆麻烦 ①She received a bunch of fresh roses on her birthday. 生日当天她收到一束新鲜玫瑰。②We met a bunch of unexpected problems in the activity. 我们在活动中遇到一堆突发难题。 5. crawl v. 爬行；匍匐行进 背重点 背写作佳句 1. crawl forward 匍匐前行2. crawl out of the room 爬出房间 ①The little baby crawled slowly toward his parents. 小宝宝缓缓爬向自己的父母。②They crawled carefully in the dark to avoid being found. 他们在黑暗中小心匍匐，防止被发现。 6. graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼 背重点 背写作佳句 1. graduation ceremony 毕业典礼2. after graduation 毕业后 ①After graduation, lots of students choose to enter university. 毕业后，许多学生选择升入大学。②We took many photos together on the day of graduation. 毕业当天我们一起拍了很多合照。 7. pat v. 轻拍 背重点 背写作佳句 1. pat sb. on the shoulder 轻拍某人肩膀 ①He patted me on the shoulder to cheer me up when I was upset. 我失落时，他轻拍我的肩膀鼓励我。②Mom patted the kid’s head gently before sleeping. 睡前妈妈轻轻拍了拍孩子的头。 8. disbelief n. 不信；怀疑 背重点 背写作佳句 1. in disbelief 难以置信地 ①She stared at the final result in complete disbelief. 她难以置信地盯着最终结果。②He shook his head in disbelief at the surprising news. 听到惊人消息，他难以置信地摇头。 9. depth n. 深度；感情深厚 背重点 背写作佳句 1. depth of feeling 深厚的情感2. in depth 深入地 ①This article shows great depth of true feeling. 这篇文章饱含深厚真挚的情感。②We discussed the problem in depth after class. 课后我们深入探讨了这个问题。 10. anger n. 怒火；怒气 背重点 背写作佳句 1. control one’s anger 控制怒火 ①It is wise to learn to control your anger in daily life. 日常生活中学会克制怒火是明智之举。②She tried her best to hold back her anger at that moment. 那一刻她尽力压抑住怒火。 四．单元短语 1. clear one’s throat 清喉咙；清嗓子 2. drop out 退学；退出 3. clean out 把……打扫干净 4. help ... out 帮助……摆脱困境（或解决问题） 5. call … up （给某人）打电话 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 复合不定式 Complex Infinitives 一、带逻辑主语：for / of sb to do ① It + be + adj. + for sb to do（事物难易、客观） 1. It is extremely tough for inexperienced explorers to survive the freezing desert nights. 2. It remains vital for teenagers to develop good reading habits to polish their comprehensive abilities. ② It + be + 人品形容词 + of sb to do（kind/cruel/wise/silly） 1. It was generous of the local businessman to donate large sums to support rural education. 二、不定式时态&语态变体（重难点：to have done / to be doing / to be done） 1. to have done（动作早于主句谓语） He is reported to have devoted over ten years to researching endangered wildlife. 据报道他已花费十余年研究濒危野生动物。 2. to be doing（主句动作时，不定式正在进行） The famous novelist seems to be drafting a new science fiction these days. 3. to be done（不定式被动，表将来被动） These damaged cultural relics are scheduled to be repaired next spring. 三、复合宾语结构：动词+宾语+to do urge/require/intend/encourage/permit sb to do 1. Experts urge citizens to take practical measures to cut down carbon emissions. 2. The manager required all staff to hand in work reports ahead of the deadline. 四、不定式自带宾语、状语构成复杂不定式（作定语/状语） 1.（后置定语）We still have numerous tough problems to settle before launching the project. 2.（宾语）They choose to travel across the continent to experience varied local customs. 五、固定句式：疑问词+to do（复合不定式短语） The professor hasn’t decided where to hold the academic exchange meeting. 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Friendship is one of the most precious gifts that life has offered to us. 2. No one can live a completely satisfying life without sincere friendship around. 3. True friendship plays an important role in teenagers’ growth and daily life. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 友谊的意义：失意时陪伴、开心时分享、困境中帮扶；② 维系友情做法：真诚包容、换位思考、主动沟通；③ 举例：朋友帮自己走出低谷的小事。 2）主题高分词汇 cherish v.珍惜；sincere adj.真诚的；companion n.伙伴；forgive v.包容、原谅；stand by sb 陪伴某人；share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦；build up friendship 建立友谊 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. We should value every true friend and guard our precious friendship forever. 2. Real friendship stands the test of time and becomes better as time goes by. 3. With good friends beside us, our life will become much warmer and colourful. Unit 3 Exploring the Unknown 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 2. measure v.测量；估量 3. length n.长度 4. origin n.起源，来源 5. mystery n.神秘；奥秘 6. pyramid n.金字塔 7. archaeologist n.考古学家 8. eclipse n.日食/月食 9. solstice n.冬至/夏至 10. calculate v.计算；推算 11. cemetery n.墓地，公墓 12. bone n.骨头 13. transport v.运输，运送 14. trilithon n.三石塔 15. incredible adj.难以置信的 16. original adj.原始的；起初的 17. observatory n.天文台 18. astronomer n.天文学家 19. scholar n.学者 20. unknown adj.未知的 21. desire n.&v.渴望，愿望 22. beyond prep.在远处；超出 23. universe n.宇宙 24. surround v.环绕，包围 25. trench n.壕沟 26. indigenous adj.本土的，土著的 27. territory n.领土，领地 28. system n.系统；体制 29. flesh n.肉 30. tribe n.部落 31. satellite n.卫星 32. reserve n.保护区；储备 33. limestone n.石灰岩 34. pose v.造成（危险） 二、单词拓展 1. primitive(adj.原始的) → primitively(adv.原始地) 2. uncertain(adj.不确定的) → uncertainty(n.不确定性) 3. predict(v.预言) → prediction(n.预言) 4. human(n.人类个体) → humanity(n.人类总称) 5. exploit(v.开采；剥削) → exploitation(n.开发；滥用) 6. bare(adj.赤裸的) → barefoot(adv.赤脚地) 7. sharp(adj.锋利的) → sharpen(v.削尖) 8. dedicate(v.奉献) → dedication(n.奉献) 三、常考单词 1. enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. enormous pressure 巨大压力2. enormous changes 巨变 ①The project has brought enormous changes to local people’s daily life. 这个项目给当地人的日常生活带来了巨大变化。②He faced enormous difficulties but never gave up his original dream. 他遭遇重重困难，却从未放弃初心。 2. origin n. 起源；源头；起因 背重点 背写作佳句 1. the origin of …… 的起源2. trace its origin 追溯起源 ①Scientists are still exploring the origin of ancient buildings. 科学家仍在探寻这座古建筑的起源。②We can trace the origin of this custom back to thousands of years ago. 这个习俗的起源可以追溯到数千年前。 3. mystery n. 神秘事物；奥秘 背重点 背写作佳句 1. remain a mystery 仍是谜团2. solve the mystery 解开奥秘 ①The ancient pyramid still remains a mystery for modern researchers. 古老的金字塔对现代研究者来说依旧是谜团。②Many scientists spend years trying to solve this historical mystery. 众多科学家耗费数年想要解开这个历史奥秘。 4. calculate v. 计算；推测；核算 背重点 背写作佳句 1. calculate the cost 核算成本2. calculate the result 推算结果 ①We need to carefully calculate all costs before starting the plan. 开工前我们需要仔细核算全部开销。②It is hard to calculate how much influence this event will bring. 很难预估这件事会带来多大影响。 5. conclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论 背重点 背写作佳句 1. conclude from 从…… 推断2. conclude a conclusion 得出结论 ①From plenty of facts, we can conclude that hard work pays off. 从大量事实中我们能得出努力终有回报的结论。②Experts concluded that the building dates back to thousands of years ago. 专家推断该建筑始建于数千年前。 6. incredible adj. 难以置信的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. incredible progress 惊人的进步2. incredible scenery 绝美的风光 ①He has made incredible progress in his study within one year. 一年之内他在学业上取得了惊人进步。②The ancient stone buildings show incredible wisdom of ancient people. 这些古老石建筑展现了古人令人惊叹的智慧。 7. previous adj. 先前的；以往的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. previous experience 过往经验2. previous years 前些年 ①His previous working experience helps him deal with new challenges smoothly. 过往工作经验帮他从容应对新挑战。②Compared with previous days, our living conditions have improved greatly. 和从前相比，我们的生活条件大幅改善。 8. isolate v. 隔离；孤立；脱离 背重点 背写作佳句 1. isolate from 与…… 隔绝2. isolate oneself 自我封闭 ①Never isolate yourself from your friends when you meet troubles. 遇到难处别把自己和朋友隔离开。②Bad living habits may isolate people from a healthy lifestyle. 不良作息会让人脱离健康的生活方式。 9. derive v. 起源于；衍生出 背重点 背写作佳句 1. derive from 源自于2. derive benefit from 从中获益 ①Many useful ideas derive from daily life and practical experience. 很多实用的想法都源自日常生活与实践。②We can derive valuable lessons from past failures. 我们能从过往失败中汲取宝贵经验。 10. prohibit v. 禁止 背重点 背写作佳句 1. prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事2. prohibit sb. from doing 阻止某人做 ①Rules prohibit visitors from damaging the ancient relics in the park. 条例禁止游客损毁园区内古迹。②Laws prohibit people from hunting wild animals illegally. 法律严禁人们非法捕猎野生动物。 四．单元短语 1. refer to 谈及；参考 2. devote…to… 致力于；奉献于 3. take place 发生 4. in spite of 尽管 5. derive from 源自，来源于 6. pose dangers to 对……构成威胁 7. in fact 事实上 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。 Point 1 that引导的同位语从句 that在其引导的同位语从句中只起引导词的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不可省略。 ●Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 多年研究发现:有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能在他们长大后仍然存在 ●Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 温居聚会的名字源于这样一个事实,很久以前人们会带木柴作为乔迁礼物。 Point 2 whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”，不能省略，不能用诳替换。 ●He asked her a question whether they can be friends他问了她一个问题:他们能否成为朋友。 Point 3 疑问词引导的同位语从句 疑问词how, where,when,why等引导同位语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分。 ●He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我们展示了他是如何解决那个问题的。 Point 4 常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有: demand要求 advice建议 conclusion结论 hope希望 doubt怀疑 fact事实 formation信息 message消息 idea主意 news消息 order命令 problem问题 promise诺言 question问题 request 请求 suggestion建议 thought想法 truth事实 wish愿望 desire渴望;欲望 word消息 ●When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去参军 ●I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 我对自己承诺:今年,也就是我高中的第一年,会有所不同。 二、动词不定式作表语 1. 基本用法 放在系动词（be, seem, appear等）后面，解释主语的具体内容、目的、职责、理想。 结构：主语 + be + to do 例句：My goal is to make better decisions in life.我的目标是在人生中做出更好的抉择。 例句：The best way is to learn from past mistakes.最好的办法是从过往错误中吸取教训。 2. 常见主语类型 常以 dream, goal, task, aim, plan, wish, job 等名词作句子主语。 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Curiosity drives human beings to keep exploring the unknown world all the time. 2. From ancient mysterious sites to space exploration, humans never stop exploring mysteries. 3. There are countless unknown wonders waiting for us to discover around the world. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 探索的价值：推动科技进步、拓宽人类认知；② 举例：巨石阵古迹探秘、嫦娥探月工程；③ 青少年做法：保持好奇心、多阅读、勤于思考。 2）主题高分词汇 explore v.探索；mystery n.奥秘；mysterious adj.神秘的；origin n.起源；advance technology 发展科技；remain unknown 仍是未解之谜；scientific exploration 科学探索 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. It is our duty to keep curious and continue exploring unknown things in the future. 2. Continuous exploration helps human society make steady progress step by step. 3. As young learners, we should hold curiosity and discover new things actively. Unit 4 Protecting the Environment 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. villain n.恶棍；反派人物 2. atmosphere n.大气；大气层 3. poisonous adj.有毒的 4. harm n.伤害，损害 5. absorb v.吸收 6. convert v.转变，转化 7. tissue n.（动植物）组织 8. being n.生物 9. oxygen n.氧气 10. likelihood n.可能性 11. splash v.泼洒；溅落 12. crowded adj.拥挤的 13. valley n.山谷；流域 14. drown v.淹没；溺死 15. productive adj.多产的；生产的 16. infrared adj.红外线的 17. radiation n.辐射；放射线 18. concentration n.浓度；专心 19. decade n.十年 20. mild adj.温和的；和煦的 21. glacier n.冰川 22. retreat v.后退；撤退 23. polar adj.极地的 24. demonstrate v.证明；论证 25. marine adj.海洋的；海生的 26. packaging n.包装材料 27. garbage n.垃圾；废物 28. turtle n.海龟 29. jellyfish n.水母，海蜇 30. block v.堵塞，阻塞 31. poison v.毒死；毒害 32. survey n.调查 33. threaten v.危及；威胁 34. sustain v.维持；支撑 35. element n.要素；基本部分 36. cycle n.循环；自行车 37. trap v.使陷入险境；困住 二、单词拓展 1. apparent(adj.明显的)→apparently(adv.显然；看来) 2. steady(adj.平稳的)→steadily(adv.稳定地；稳固地) 3. upward(adj.向上的)→upwards(adv.上升；向上) 4. crowd(n.人群)→crowded(adj.拥挤的) 5. produce(v.生产)→productive(adj.多产的) 6. concentrate(v.集中)→concentration(n.浓度；专注) 三、常考单词 1. absorb v. 吸收；吸纳 背重点 背写作佳句 1. absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳2. absorb knowledge 汲取知识 ①Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen in the daytime. 植物白天可以吸收二氧化碳、释放氧气。②It takes time for students to absorb new professional knowledge. 学生吸收新知识需要时间。 2. convert v. 转变；转化 背重点 背写作佳句 1. convert into 转换成2. convert energy 转化能量 ①Solar equipment can convert sunlight into usable electricity. 太阳能设备能把日光转化成可用电能。②We can convert waste into practical materials under proper conditions. 合适条件下我们能把废料转化为实用原料。 3. demonstrate v. 证明；论证；展示 背重点 背写作佳句 1. demonstrate facts 证实事实2. demonstrate an experiment 演示实验 ①Enough data can demonstrate the bad influence of pollution on nature. 充足数据能证实污染对自然的恶劣影响。②The scientist demonstrated how the machine works to visitors. 科学家向参观者演示机器运转原理。 4. threaten v. 危及；威胁 背重点 背写作佳句 1. threaten wildlife 威胁野生动物2. threaten the environment 破坏环境 ①Plastic garbage in oceans seriously threatens the survival of sea creatures. 海洋塑料垃圾严重威胁海洋生物生存。②Rising temperatures threaten the living environment of polar animals. 气温升高威胁极地动物的生存环境。 5. sustain v. 维持；支撑 背重点 背写作佳句 1. sustain life 维系生命2. sustain development 维持发展 ①Clean water and fresh air are necessary to sustain all living things. 净水与空气是维系所有生物生命的必需品。Green plants help sustain the balance of the whole ecosystem. 绿植助力维持整个生态系统平衡。 6. productive adj. 多产的；丰产的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. productive farmland 高产农田2. productive work 高效工作 ①Fertile soil makes this area one of the most productive farmlands. 肥沃土壤让这片土地成为高产农田。Reasonable rest helps us keep a productive study state. 合理休息能帮我们保持高效的学习状态。 7. concentration n. 浓度；专心 背重点 背写作佳句 1. air concentration 空气浓度2. full concentration 全神贯注 ①The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is rising year by year. 空气中二氧化碳浓度逐年升高。Good concentration is the key to finishing study tasks quickly. 专心致志是快速完成学习任务的关键。 8. retreat v. 后退；退缩 背重点 背写作佳句 1. glaciers retreat 冰川消融后退2. retreat from difficulty 逃避困难 ①Many glaciers around the world keep retreating due to global warming. 受全球变暖影响，全球多处冰川持续消融后退。We should never retreat when facing unexpected challenges. 面对突发挑战我们绝不应当退缩。 9. trap v. 困住；使陷入险境 背重点 背写作佳句 1. trap heat 困住热量2. be trapped in danger 身陷险境 ①Greenhouse gases trap heat and lead to global warming. 温室气体锁住热量，进而引发全球变暖。Many sea animals get trapped in plastic waste every year. 每年大量海洋动物被塑料垃圾困住。 10. mild adj. 温和的；和煦的 背重点 背写作佳句 1. mild climate 温和气候2. mild weather 和煦天气 ①This coastal city enjoys a mild climate all year round. 这座沿海城市全年气候温和宜人。Mild spring weather is perfect for outdoor field trips. 和煦的春日天气很适合户外研学。 四．单元短语 1. what’s more 而且；更为重要的是 2. serve as 充当；用作 3. come about 发生 4. come in 起作用；参与 5. make up 构成；形成 6. live on 以……为食 7. throw away 扔掉；丢弃 8. take part in 参加 9. keep … off 避开；使不靠近 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元语法 Emphatic Sentence（强调句型） 一、It is/was…that/who… It is/was + 被强调部分 + that(物/状)/who(人) + 剩余原句 1. 现在/将来事实：It is… 2. 过去事实：It was… 3. 强调人：who / that；强调事物、地点、时间、原因一律只用that 原句：Scientists made the major breakthrough after years of exploration. 强调主语： It was scientists that/who made the major breakthrough after years of exploration. 强调状语： It was after years of exploration that scientists made the major breakthrough. 检验口诀：删掉It is/was…that/who，句子成分完整、语义不变就是强调句。 二、谓语动词强调：do / does / did + 动词原形 只强调谓语，无that结构 一般现在：do/does 一般过去：did 例句： The researcher did devote decades to protecting endangered ocean creatures. 这位研究者的确耗费数十年保护濒危海洋生物。 六．单元写作 一、开头（3种开篇句型） 1. Environmental pollution has become a serious global problem that calls for immediate action. 2. It is high time that all people took practical steps to protect our living environment. 3. The damage to oceans and lands reminds us of the importance of environmental protection. 二、中间段 1）写作思路 ① 现存环境问题：海洋垃圾、温室效应、空气污染；② 污染带来危害：生物生存受威胁、气候异常；③ 个人&社会措施：减少垃圾、低碳出行、节约资源。 2）主题高分词汇 threaten v.威胁；pollution n.污染；sustain v.维系；reduce waste 减少垃圾；greenhouse effect 温室效应；take practical action 采取实际行动；marine creature 海洋生物 三、结尾（3种收尾句型） 1. Small efforts from every individual can make a big difference to environmental protection. 2. Only joint efforts of the whole society can save our earth from further damage. 3. We should form green living habits and protect the environment from daily small things. 一、单句语法填空 1．People have always been (scare) of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. 【答案】scared 【详解】句意：人们一直以来都对鲨鱼心怀恐惧，但《大白鲨》这部电影更是让这种恐惧加剧了。空处作表语，表示“害怕的”用形容词scared，be scared of意思为：对……害怕的。 2．Contemporary designers have created three-dimensional building blocks (inspire) by the Luban Lock, serving as educational tools to inspire creativity and critical thinking in children.   【答案】inspired 【详解】句意：当代设计师以鲁班锁为灵感，创作出了立体积木，这类积木可作为益智教具，激发孩子们的创造力与批判性思维。本句已有谓语have created，inspire用非谓语形式，逻辑主语three-dimensional building blocks与inspire之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，修饰three-dimensional building blocks。 3．The new evidence must (admit) before the final judgment is made. 【答案】be admitted 【详解】句意：在做出最终判决之前，新的证据必须被采纳。 主语The new evidence与动词admit之间是被动关系； 情态动词must后接动词原形，被动结构为must be + 过去分词。 4．Bodyboarding offers a (thrill) experience that brings you closer to the power of the ocean. 【答案】thrilling 【详解】句意：趴板冲浪带来惊险刺激的体验，让你近距离感受海洋的力量。空处需用形容词修饰名词experience，thrill的形容词形式为thrilling，表示“令人激动的、惊险刺激的”。 5．A library (function) as an education centre provides all kinds of books for the public. 【答案】functioning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家用作教育中心的图书馆为公众提供各类书籍。句子已有谓语provides，空处为非谓语；逻辑主语library与function为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 6． (prevent) the habitats of the wild animals from being damaged is very important for wildlife protection. 【答案】Preventing/To prevent 【详解】考查动名词和动词不定式。句意：保护野生动物的栖息地不受破坏对于保护野生动物来说至关重要。分析句子可知，句中is是整个句子的谓语，谓语前的部分为句子主语，此处为动名词短语作主语，表抽象、泛指的行为（强调“阻止野生动物栖息地被破坏”这一行为本身，是野生动物保护的通用重要举措）。也可为不定式短语作主语，表具体、将要发生的行为（强调“去做阻止栖息地被破坏这件事”，是需要主动去实施的具体行动）。句首单词首字母大写。故填Preventing/To prevent。 7．When taking a test, you may feel shaky, (sweat), with your heart beating quickly. 【答案】sweaty 【详解】考查形容词。句意：考试时，你可能会感到发抖、出汗，心跳加速。根据空前“feel shaky”可知，此处与shaky并列，用形容词作表语，sweat的形容词形式为sweaty，表示“出汗的；有汗的”。故填sweaty。 8．One good tip for starting an art journey is (continual) challenging yourself to try something new. 【答案】continually 【详解】考查副词。句意为：开启艺术之旅的一个好建议是不断地挑战自己去尝试新事物。challenging为动词，需用副词来修饰，continual是形容词，其副词形式continually意为“不断地”，在句中作状语修饰challenging。故填continually。 9．This grand mission was intended (strengthen) China’s capacity in surveying deep-sea environments and increased the nation’s global influence in this field. 【答案】to strengthen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项宏伟的任务旨在加强中国在深海环境调查方面的能力，并提高中国在这一领域的全球影响力。be intended to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“旨在做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to strengthen。 10．The company aims to (modern) its management system to adapt to the rapidly changing market environment. 【答案】modernize 【详解】考查动词。句意：该公司旨在使其管理体系现代化，以适应快速变化的市场环境。固定结构aim to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”，to后接动词原形，modern对应的动词形式是modernize，意为“使……现代化”。故填modernize。 11．I haven’t looked at the report in (deep). 【答案】depth 【详解】考查名词。句意：我还没有深入地看过这份报告。此处在句中作宾语，故应用名词“depth深度”，in depth意为“深入地”，故填depth。 12．They are likely to (response) positively to your request for help. 【答案】respond 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们很可能对你的求助做出积极回应。根据固定搭配“be likely to do”可知，此空应是动词原形respond，意为“回应，作出反应”。故填respond。 13．It’s important to (breath) fresh air every day to keep healthy. 【答案】breathe 【详解】考查动词。句意：每天呼吸新鲜空气对保持健康很重要。本句使用固定句型：It’s important to do sth.（做某事是重要的），其中It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to do sth.。设空处前为不定式符号to，后面需要接动词原形。breath 是名词，意为“呼吸”，其对应的动词原形为breathe。 故填breathe。 14．She was anxious to find a good job after (graduate) so that she could improve herself better. 【答案】graduation 【详解】考查名词。句意：她急于毕业后找到一份好工作，这样她可以更好地提高自己。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，graduate的名词形式是graduation。故填graduation。 15．In Thailand, it’s customary to deep clean homes, schools, and public spaces to (pure) them ahead of the Thai New Year. 【答案】purify 【详解】考查动词。句意：在泰国，人们习惯在新年之前彻底清洁房屋、学校和公共场所，以净化它们。此空位于不定式符号to之后（不定式作目的状语），所以此处使用动词原形，pure的动词为purify意为“清洁，净化”符合句意。故填purify。 16．You should carefully preserve the precious (origin) and never use it casually in daily life. 【答案】original 【详解】句意：你应当妥善保存这份珍贵的原件，切不可在日常生活中随意使用它。空处作及物动词preserve的宾语，需用名词。 origin是名词，意为“起源、源头”，不符合本句语义逻辑。结合空前precious和后文never use it casually可知，这里表示“原件”，应用original。 17．There are certainly no signs Jason is a rich and successful man! 【答案】that 【详解】句意：当然没有迹象表明杰森是一个富有且成功的人！空处引导同位语从句，解释说明signs的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。 18．There are still some doubts she could finish it herself. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：对于她是否能独自完成这件事，仍然有一些疑虑。doubts后是同位语从句，解释说明doubts的具体内容。本空意为“是否”，用whether引导。 19．Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. 【答案】that 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：也许我们安慰自己说，我们说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”——我们说这些小谎言是为了保护别人免受真相的伤害。根据“the knowledge”可知，此处most of the lies we tell are ‘white lies’是对the knowledge具体内容的解释说明，为同位语从句。从句结构完整，不缺成分，故用连接词that引导同位语从句。 20．According to some records, the largest ships in Zheng He’s voyage were over 140 meters in (long), demonstrating the advanced technology in constructing ships. 【答案】length 【详解】句意：据一些记载，郑和航行中最大的船只超过140米长，展示了当时先进的造船技术。根据空前的介词 in可知，此处需要填入 long 的名词形式 length，构成固定搭配in length意为“在长度上”。 21．The room (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in for a family. 【答案】measuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个房间宽5米，适合一家人居住。本句已有谓语is，动词measure用非谓语形式，逻辑主语The room与动词measure“量度为”是主谓关系，用现在分词，作后置定语修饰名词The room。故填measuring。 22．The undeniable fact     AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives poses both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for modern society. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：无可否认的事实——人工智能已深刻改变了我们的日常生活——给现代社会带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。空格后的部分AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives是同位语从句，对名词fact的内容进行解释说明，从句意义完整，且不缺成分，所以用连词that引导从句。故填that。 23．There is growing concern among parents their children might become overly dependent on digital devices for entertainment and information. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：家长们日益担忧他们的孩子可能会过度依赖数码设备来获取娱乐和信息。引导同位语从句，解释抽象名词concern (担忧)的具体内容。从句结构完整，不缺成分，且为陈述事实，故用仅起连接作用、无实义的that。故填that。 24．Unlike some complex yoga (pose), it focuses on breathing, similar to meditation. 【答案】poses 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：与一些复杂的瑜伽姿势不同，它注重呼吸，类似于冥想。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，此处“pose”由“some complex yoga”来修饰，应为名词，作宾语，意为“姿势”，为可数名词，空前有“some(一些)”，应用复数形式。故填poses。 25．The street is very (crowd) on weekends. 【答案】crowded 【详解】句意：这条街道在周末非常拥挤。空处需用形容词作表语，crowd的形容词形式为crowded，表示“拥挤的”。 26．The tourists (trap) in the mountain were rescued by the police. 【答案】trapped 【详解】句意：被困在山里的游客最终被警方救了出来。此处在句中作定语，修饰主语The tourists，The tourists与trap之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。 27．Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its (significant) as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. 【答案】significance 【详解】句意：敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史彰显了其作为文化与商业交流中心的重要地位。作动词的宾语，用名词significance。 28．This system has been practised for centuries, enabling the Dong people to live in harmony with the land while maintaining a food system that’s both (produce) and sustainable. 【答案】productive 【详解】句意：这套系统已实践了数百年，使侗族人得以与土地和谐共处，同时维持着既高产又可持续的食物体系。空格处与形容词sustainable并列，作表语，也用形容词productive，表示“高产的；有生产力的”。 29．These normally harmless substances (物质) combine to form a highly (poison) gas. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些通常无害的物质混合在一起，形成一种剧毒气体。分析可知，这里用形容词作定语，修饰名词“gas”。“poison”，名词，意为“毒药”，其形容词形式为“poisonous(有毒的)”。故填poisonous。 30．He found the girls (absorb) in watching the TV play. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现女孩们正全神贯注地看电视剧。此处考查“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。宾语the girls与absorb之间是被动关系，表示“女孩们被吸引”，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。absorb的过去分词是absorbed，(be) absorbed in意为“全神贯注于……”。故填absorbed。 二、翻译 31．元宵节当天，志愿者们忙着在社区准备节日庆祝活动。（engage）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】On the Lantern Festival, the volunteers were busy engaging themselves in preparing the festival celebrations in the community. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“元宵节当天”为on the Lantern Festival；表示“志愿者们”用复数名词volunteers，作主语；表示“忙着做某事”短语为be busy engaging oneself in doing sth.；表示“准备节日庆祝活动”为动名词短语preparing the festival celebrations in the community。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为On the Lantern Festival, the volunteers were busy engaging themselves in preparing the festival celebrations in the community. 32．第一次乘坐高铁远行，我学会了找站台，也学会了和陌生人打交道。(The first time) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The first time I traveled long distance by high-speed rail, I learned how to find the platform and how to deal with strangers. 【详解】考查状语从句和时态。表示“第一次”为the first time，引导时间状语从句，主语为I；表示“乘坐高铁远行”为travel long distance by high-speed rail；主句主语为I；表示“学会”用动词learn；表示“找站台”用疑问词+不定式结构，翻译为how to find the platform；表示“和陌生人打交道”为how to deal with strangers，and连接并列结构，发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为The first time I traveled long distance by high-speed rail, I learned how to find the platform and how to deal with strangers. 33．乡村生态研学中，呼吸着清新的空气，听着鸟鸣声，我意识到放慢脚步，才能看见风景。(aware) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】During the rural ecological study tour, breathing the fresh air and listening to the birdsong, I became aware that only by slowing down could I see the scenery. 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词和时态。表示“乡村生态研学中”短语为during the rural ecological study tour；表示“呼吸着清新的空气”为breathing the fresh air；表示“听着鸟鸣声”为listening to the birdsong，and连接并列结构，与主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词词作状语；主语为I；表示“意识到”短语为became aware that；表示“到放慢脚步，才能看见风景”翻译为倒装句，为only by slowing down could I see the scenery。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为During the rural ecological study tour, breathing the fresh air and listening to the birdsong, I became aware that only by slowing down could I see the scenery. 34．这家位于大学内拐角处的咖啡店看似普普通通，实则咖啡豆品质上乘，难怪多年来深受师生青睐。(locate) （汉译英） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The coffee shop, located at the corner inside the university, seems ordinary, but in fact its coffee beans are of high quality, so no wonder (that) it has been popular with teachers and students over the years. 【详解】考查非谓语动词短语和固定句型。主语“这家咖啡店”用the coffee shop，“看起来”seem，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，表语“普通的”用形容词ordinary，“位于大学内拐角处”为后置定语，表达为located at the corner inside the university，but表转折，连接并列句,“事实上”用in fact，主语“它的咖啡豆”用its coffee beans，“品质上乘”用are of high quality，构成系表成分，“因此”用so，连接并列句表结果，“难怪”用no wonder (that)...，从句的主语是it，指代上文提到的咖啡店，“受到某人的欢迎”用短语be popular with，“师生”用teachers and students，“多年来”用over the years，是现在完成时的标志词，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故翻译为：The coffee shop, located at the corner inside the university, seems ordinary, but in fact its coffee beans are of high quality, so no wonder (that) it has been popular with teachers and students over the years. 35．每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英)   ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“每天做点洗碗之类的家务活”用动名词短语作主语，为doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day；表示“对……很管用”可用have a good effect on；表示“培养耐心”为develop patience，develop用动名词形式作介词on的宾语。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 36．当初我们选这款氢能源汽车时，看中的就是它的续航里程。(matter) (汉译英)   ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When we chose this (model of) hydrogen-powered car at that time, what mattered most was its range/how far it could go after being charged. 【详解】考查状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和固定表达。根据句意，该句描述过去发生的动作，全句使用一般过去时；表示“当初”为at that time作时间状语；表示“我们选这款氢能源汽车”为时间状语从句，用when引导，从句主语为we，“选择”为choose，动词用过去式，“这款氢能源汽车”为this hydrogen-powered car作从句宾语，所以从句译为When we chose this hydrogen-powered car at that time；表示“看中的就是”使用主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以可使用what引导，在从句中作主语，“看中”可理解为“重要”为mattered，表示“最”为most修饰mattered，所以主语从句译为what mattered most；表示“是”为was作系动词，主语从句视为单数，所以be动词为was；表示“它的续航里程”为its range或者“充电后能跑多远”使用表语从句作表语，结合句意使用how far引导，主语使用it指代“汽车”，表示“能跑多远”为how far it could go，表示“充电后”为after being charged。故翻译为When we chose this (model of) hydrogen-powered car at that time, what mattered most was its range/how far it could go after being charged. 37．天气转凉时，他的胃会不舒服，奶奶经常提醒他把牛奶热一下再喝。(unless) (汉译英)   _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the weather gets cold(er), he has stomach discomfort, so the grandmother often reminds him not to drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed. 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“天气转凉时”为as引导时间状语从句，翻译为as the weather gets colder；主语“他”为he；表示“胃会不舒服”为have stomach discomfort，结合主语动词have 用has；与第二句为因果关系，用连词so ；第二个分句主语为the grandmother；表示“经常”用副词often；表示“提醒某人别做某事”短语为remind sb. not to do sth.；“他”用宾格代词him；“喝”用动词drink；表示“把牛奶热一下再喝”翻译为unless引导的条件状语从句，为drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed。陈述事实为一般现在时。故翻译为As the weather gets cold(er), he has stomach discomfort, so the grandmother often reminds him not to drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed. 38．这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇，连外国读者都争相购买，销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英)   ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；“这部关于宋朝历史的小说”用the historical novel about the Song Dynasty，作主语，“备受推崇”用be highly favored，主语novel是第三人称单数，be用was，“一出版”用upon its publication，作时间状语，“连”即“甚至”用副词even，“外国读者”用foreign readers，“争相购买”用rush to buy its copies，rush作谓语，用过去式rushed，“这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇”和“连外国读者都争相购买”是并列关系，用and连接；“销售量远超同类作品”处理为修饰novel的非限制性定语从句，“销售”用名词sales，和先行词copies之间为所属关系，用关系代词whose作引导词，“远远超过”用go far beyond，go作谓语，用过去式went，宾语“同类作品”用those in the same category/of the same kind。综上，故翻译为：The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. 39．无论天气好坏，她从不错过晨跑。(miss)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether the weather is good or bad, she never misses going for a morning run. 【详解】本句陈述经常或习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，表示“无论天气好坏”用whether the weather is good or bad，whether引导让步状语从句；表示“她”用she，作主句主语；表示“从不”用never；表示“错过”用miss，主语为第三人称单数，谓语用misses，后接名词或动名词作宾语；表示“晨跑”用go for a morning run，用动名词形式作宾语。 40．对于一家百年老店而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What does it take for a century-old store to maintain its appeal? 【详解】表示“如何才能”即“需要付出什么”用what does it take，为固定句型，it作形式主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“对于……而言”用for。表示“一家百年老店”用a century-old store，作for的宾语。表示“保持”用maintain，用不定式to maintain作真正主语。表示“它的吸引力”用its appeal，作maintain的宾语。 41．正如这篇报道中所介绍的那样，观众必须搭乘公共交通才能到达这个位于市中心的博物馆。(accessible) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As is introduced in this report, the museum in the city center is only accessible to visitors by public transport. 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句。表示“正如这篇报道中所介绍的那样”用as is introduced in this report，as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，as在从句中作主语。主句中：表示“这个位于市中心的博物馆”用the museum in the city center，作主语；表示“某人可抵达/可进入”用固定搭配be accessible to sb.，本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为the museum，be动词用is；博物馆的观众即“游客”，用visitors，作介词to的宾语；用only体现“只能通过某种方式”的限制；表示“搭乘公共交通”用by public transport。故翻译为As is introduced in this report, the museum in the city center is only accessible to visitors by public transport. 42．尽管那所乡村小学简陋，但依然给每个办公室配备了如空调、电饭锅和微波炉之类的电器，极大改进了教师们的工作条件。(despite)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the simplicity of that rural primary school, it has equipped each office with electrical appliances such as air conditioners, rice cookers, and microwaves, which has greatly improved the working conditions of teachers. 【详解】表示“尽管”用despite，后面接名词短语“那所乡村小学简陋”，翻译为the simplicity of that rural primary school；表示“给……配备……”用固定搭配equip...with...，表示“每个办公室”翻译为each office；表示“如空调、电饭锅和微波炉之类的电器”翻译为electrical appliances such as air conditioners, rice cookers, and microwaves；表示“极大改进了教师们的工作条件”用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前边句子描述的情况，从句描述过去的情况对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，且从句谓语使用第三人称单数形式，表示“极大改进”用has greatly improved，表示“教师们的工作条件”the working conditions of teachers。 43．中国的新能源汽车在过去的几年里发展迅速是公认的事实。(acknowledge) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is an acknowledged fact that China’s new energy vehicles have developed rapidly over the past few years. 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“……是公认的事实”句型为It is an acknowledged fact that；表示“中国的新能源汽车”为China’s new energy vehicles，作主语；表示“发展迅速”为develop rapidly；表示“在过去的几年里”为over the past few years，从句用现在完成时。故翻译为It is an acknowledged fact that China’s new energy vehicles have developed rapidly over the past few years. 44．她对基础英语语法掌握得很好，所以能准确运用各种句型。(grasp n.) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She has a good grasp of basic English grammar, so she can use various sentence patterns accurately. 【详解】考查固定搭配、并列句结构及一般现在时。本句陈述客观能力与现状，使用一般现在时。题目要求使用grasp作名词，固定搭配have a good grasp of表示“对……掌握得很好”，“基础英语语法”为basic English grammar，“所以”用连词so连接结果分句，“准确运用各种句型”译为use various sentence patterns accurately，情态动词can后接动词原形，故翻译为She has a good grasp of basic English grammar, so she can use various sentence patterns accurately. 45．重要的是要保护我们的文化遗产，以便后代能够欣赏和传承。(preserve) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is important to preserve our cultural heritage so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词及短语。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“做某事是重要的”常用固定句型“It is important to do sth.”，这里“做某事”即“保护我们的文化遗产”，“保护”用动词preserve，“我们的文化遗产”是our cultural heritage，所以“保护我们的文化遗产”翻译为“preserve our cultural heritage”；“以便”常用so that来引导目的状语从句；“后代”常见表达为future generations；“欣赏”用动词appreciate；“传承”常见短语为pass on，这里it指代our cultural heritage，所以“以便后代能够欣赏和传承”翻译为“so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on”。故翻译为It is important to preserve our cultural heritage so that future generations can appreciate and pass it on.。 46．只有始终保持谦逊，我们才能在面对批评时看清自己的不足，而非急于辩解。(Only) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Only by staying modest all the time can we see our own shortcomings clearly when facing criticism instead of being eager to explain. 【详解】考查部分倒装结构、固定搭配及非谓语动词。本句陈述客观道理，使用一般现在时。题目要求以Only开头，表示“只有”，“only+介词短语”置于句首时主句需部分倒装，“（通过）始终保持谦逊”译为by staying modest all the time，“看清自己的不足”译为see our own shortcomings clearly，“面对批评”可译为when facing criticism，是状语从句的省略，“而非急于辩解”译为instead of being eager to explain，将情态动词can提到主语we之前。故翻译为Only by staying modest all the time can we see our own shortcomings clearly when facing criticism instead of being eager to explain. 47．这家酒店的招牌下午茶可以在藤蔓满墙的花园中享用。（serve）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The signature afternoon tea of this hotel can be served in the garden with vines covering the walls. 【详解】考查被动语态和with的复合结构。表示“这家酒店的招牌下午茶”用the signature afternoon tea of this hotel，作主语；表示“可以”用情态动词can，后接动词原形；表示“端上（食物）”用serve，与主语之间是被动关系，用be served，与can构成含情态动词的被动语态；表示“在藤蔓满墙的花园中”用in the garden with vines covering the walls，其中with的复合结构作后置定语修饰名词garden，表示“藤蔓”用vines，表示“覆盖”用cover，vines与cover之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故翻译为The signature afternoon tea of this hotel can be served in the garden with vines covering the walls. 48．外面狂风伴着暴雨，好心的店主招手让我进店躲躲。（accompany）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Outside, a violent wind was accompanied by heavy rain, and the kind shopkeeper waved me into the shop to take shelter. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和 并列句。表示“外面”用outside，作地点状语；表示“狂风”用strong wind，作主语；表示“伴随”用accompany，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语strong wind与accompany为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用was accompanied，用by引出发出动作者；表示“暴雨”用heavy rain，作by的宾语；用and连接两个并列的句子。表示“好心的店主”用the kind shopkeeper，作主语；表示“招手示意”用wave，此处描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“我”用me，作waved的宾语；表示“进店”用into the shop；表示“躲躲”用take shelter，作目的状语，用动词不定式。故翻译为Outside, a violent wind was accompanied by heavy rain, and the kind shopkeeper waved me into the shop to take shelter. 49．回顾我的求学之路，我发现每当我等待考试结果揭晓的时候，时间仿佛静止了一般。(inform) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Looking back on my school years, I find that whenever I waited to be informed of my exam results, time seemed to stand still. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语、宾语从句、时间状语从句。表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“发现”用find，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用动词原形，其后用宾语从句。表示“每当……时候”用whenever，引导时间状语从句，从句主语用I；表示“等待”用wait，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用waited；表示“揭晓”即“被告知”，inform sb. of sth.“告知某人某事”和I之间为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式to be informed of作宾语；表示“我的考试结果”用my exam results，作宾语；表示“时间”用time，作主语；表示“仿佛静止了一般”用seem to stand still，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式seemed。宾语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。表示“回顾我的求学之路”用look back on my school years，作状语，和主句主语I之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故翻译为Looking back on my school years, I find that whenever I waited to be informed of my exam results, time seemed to stand still. 50．这家公司的新管理层以员工福利和顾客信任为代价，追求降本增效，难怪它的声誉这么快就崩塌了。（expense）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The new management of this company pursued cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the expense of employee benefits and customer trust, and no wonder that its reputation collapsed so quickly. 【详解】考查时态、固定句型。表示“这家公司的新管理层”用the new management of this company，作主语。表示“追求降本增效”用pursue cost reduction and efficiency improvement，作谓语，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式pursued。表示“以……为代价”用at the expense of，为固定搭配。表示“员工福利和顾客信任”用employee benefits and customer trust，作宾语。表示“难怪”用固定句型no wonder that，表示“它的声誉”用its reputation，作主语。表示“崩塌”用collapse，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式collapsed。表示“这么快”用so quickly。故翻译为：The new management of this company pursued cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the expense of employee benefits and customer trust, and no wonder that its reputation collapsed so quickly. $