考点清单02 单元语法知识梳理归纳 -2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（沪教版2020选择性必修三）

2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（沪教版2020选必三） 专题02 单元语法知识梳理归纳 Unit 1 Across the Globe 动词时态语态复习 · 动词时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 does/is/are/am is/are/am doing have done 过去 did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done · 动词语态梳理 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done · 单句语法填空（时态与语态） 1．Nowadays, cycling along with jogging and swimming，_______(regard)as one of the best all­round forms of exercise. 2．While online shopping _________(change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive. 3．Christmas is the most important festival in the western world.It ______ (fall) on December 25. 4．They had to wait and _______ (hope)that someone would come and help them. 5．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games，music and calendars and more new functions _________ (add)． 6．If we_________ (book) a table earlier，we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. 7．Due to the hard training they________ (do) before，their performances were very impressive. 8．Jack has never been to China，but he talks about it as if he__________ (be) there many times. 9．More expressways __________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 10．Sooner or later those dishonest people __________ (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary，when we are honest，we are truly free. 11. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ________（leave） for London to attend a meeting. 12. The manager had fallen asleep where he ________（lie), without undressing. 13. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ________(see) her before. 14. The little girl ________(cry) her heart out because she ________(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn't ever going to find it . 15. John and I ________(be) friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ (see) each other a couple of times before that. 16. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness______.（grow） 17. The news came as no surprise to me. I ________ （know） for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 18. The old scientist used to say that knowledge ______(come) from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work. Keys: 1. is regarded 2. has changed 3.falls 4. hoped 5. are being added 6. had booked 7. had done 8. had been 9. will be built 10. will pay 11.will have left 12. was lying 13.had never seen 14.cried, had lost 15.have been, had seen 16. grew 17. had known 18. comes · 语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空) Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)this year.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on. The gardens of the school 8 (improve) this year.New trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 参考答案： 1. has been done　2.has been completed　3.is being built　4.are collecting　5.will be spent　 6. is being made7.will be put　8.are being improved　9.are being planted 10.is going to be painted · Translation（注意动词时态与语态） 1. 由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。 2. 在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. 当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。 4. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。 5. 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。 6.等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 答案：（only for reference） 1. John was dismissed by his boss as he didn’t pay much attention to his work. 2. Over the past 10 years, great changes have happened in this area. 3. When he got to school, he realized that he had left his homework at home. 4. Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice. 5. Many years ago people never knew that population would become a big problem．  6. By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. Unit 2 Things that Matter 定语从句 · 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. · 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 单句语法填空（用适当的关系代词或关系副词） 1.“I prefer to work in black and white，_______ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.” 2.The number of smokers， ______ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 3.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 4.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 5.The children，all of ________ had played the whole day long，were worn out. 6.Nowadays，it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book，about _________ many experts are worried. 7.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 8.The city was attacked by such terrible weather________ few citizens had ever experienced before. 9.There they met people from other parts of the country，______ had also volunteered to help. 10.It's helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently. 11.The house, ______ door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of ______ are from the countryside. 12.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of ______ had taken more than three years. 13.Lily took a few friends to my birthday party，none of_____ I was familiar with. 14.The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting ________ he had ever done. 15.The App WeChat provides a networking platform _________ communication is faster and easier. 16.He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of _________ were published in the 1990s. 17.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _________ the weather may be better. 18.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _______ school education depends.  19. Please send us all the information ___________ you have about the candidate for the position. 20.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ______ has been proved.答案：1.which 2.which 3. when 4. where 5. whom 6. which 7. whose 8. as 9. who 10.where 11.whose whom 12. which 13. whom 14.that 15. where 16. which 17. when 18. which 19. that 20. which Translation（注意使用定语从句） 1．上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2．桂林是座具有2 000年历史的城市。(which/that在从句子中作主语) 3．住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。(who/that在从句中作主语) 4．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(that在从句中作宾语) 5. 两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似这种问题方面很有经验。 (whose在从句中作定语) 6. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when） 参考答案： 1. The man whom/that you saw last week has left the town. 2. Guilin is a city which/that has a history of 2，000 years. 3. The man who/that lives downstairs speaks English well. 4. He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard. 5.The boss whose company I worked in two years ago has much experience in solving such kind of problem. 6. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. and There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. Unit 3 Mind and Body 非谓语动词之分词 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 重写下列句子，用分词短语做后置定语 1. I really regretted the hours that were wasted on computer games. ________________________________________________________ 2. His stories which usually talks about net love, are popular with the youth. ________________________________________________________ 3. The Internet has changed the world. It is now used by millions of people. ________________________________________________________ 4. You can’t take away these magazines. These magazines belong to our school library. ________________________________________________________ 5. Mobile phones help people communicate. They are sold all over the world. ________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1.I really regretted the hours wasted on computer games. 2.His stories talking about net love are popular with the youth. 3.The Internet used by millions of people has changed the world. 4. You can’t take away these magazines belonging to our school library. 5. Mobile phones sold all over the world help people communicate. 用分词做宾补填空 1. If you want the job ________ (do) in the time, you have to hurry. 2. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ______ (beat). 3. When the exam was over, I felt a great weight _______ (take) off my mind. 4. It was very hot that day. They had the electric fan ________ (blow) all day long. 5. Workers in the factories have their hearing ________ (harm) by the great noises. 参考答案： 1. done 2. beating 3. taken 4. blowing 5. harmed 用分词做状语填空 1. ______ (dress) in a while uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 2. When _____(offer) help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” 3.______(wait) in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 4. _______ (tell) many times , he finally understood it. 5. When ______(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 6.______(face)with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. 7. Ideally ______ (locate) for Broadway theatres and Firth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. （08上海） 8. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____(exhaust) （05上海春考） 9. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____(take) advantage of the health and relaxation. (05上海) 10.When _____(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year. 参考答案： 1.Dressed 2. offered 3.Having waited 4. Having been told 5. comparing 6. Facing 7. located 8. exhausted 9. taking 10.completed Translation：（注意使用分词） 1. 由于不知道该干什么，他就去向老师求助。 2. 虽然没被邀请，他还是去参加了晚会。 3. 站在山顶上我们可以看到全城. 4. 他们正在讨论的是什么话题？ 5. 请填写这份表格,写下你的姓名,住址和电话. 6. 这寺院建于公元前490年，距今已有1500千年的历史。 7. 干完活后,工人们停下来休息。 8. 和你相比,我们还有很大差距。 9. 他走出房间，身后跟着他忠实的小狗。 10. 全球气候变暖使得一些稀有动物濒临灭绝。(leave) 答案：（only for reference） 1.Not knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher. 2. Though not invited ,he went to the party. 3. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city. 4. What’s the subject being discussed by them? 5. Please fill in the form, giving your name,address and telephone number. 6.Built in 490 BC, the temper is over1500 years old. 7.Having finished the work, the workers stopped to have a rest. 8.Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 9.He went out of the room, followed by his honest little dog. 10. The global warming has left some rare species of animals threatened with extinction/in great danger of extinction. Unit 4 Words 动词不定式作主语和表语 一、动词不定式作主语 1. 基本概念 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）可直接或借助形式主语 it 作句子的主语，表示具体的行为或动作。 2. 结构形式 直接作主语：To + 动词原形 + 谓语 + 其他成分。 例句：To master a language requires patience. 分析：“To master a language” 是主语，表示具体行为；谓语是 “requires”，宾语是 “patience”。 形式主语 it：It + 谓语 + 其他成分 + to + 动词原形。 例句：It is essential to protect the environment. 分析：“It” 作形式主语，真正主语是 “to protect the environment”，避免句子头重脚轻。 3. 常用句型 It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 例句：It is difficult to solve this problem. 重点形容词：easy, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, foolish, wise 等。 It takes + 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth. 例句：It took me two hours to finish the homework. 同义转换：To finish the homework took me two hours.（较少用） It is + 名词 + to do sth. 例句：It is a pleasure to work with you. 常见名词：a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea 等。 4. 例句深化分析 例句 1：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） 分析：两个不定式分别作主语和表语，形成对称结构。 例句 2：To err is human; to forgive, divine.（犯错是人之常情；宽恕是超凡的。） 分析：省略结构，第二个分句省略了 “is divine”，仅保留 “to forgive”。 二、动词不定式作表语 1. 基本概念 动词不定式位于系动词（如 be、seem、appear 等）后，补充说明主语的内容或性质。 2. 结构形式 主语 + 系动词 + to + 动词原形（表语） 例句 1：Her goal is to become a doctor. 例句 2：The problem seems to be getting worse. 3. 功能用法 解释主语内容 例句：My dream is to travel around the world. 分析：“to travel around the world” 具体说明 “dream” 的内容。 与主语存在逻辑等同关系 例句：The most important thing is to stay calm. 分析：“to stay calm” 等同于 “the most important thing”。 表将来动作 例句：Our next step is to conduct experiments. 分析：“to conduct experiments” 表示将来要做的动作。 4. 特殊句型 主语（疑问词 + to do）+ 系动词 + 表语 例句：The question is how to improve our efficiency. 分析：疑问词 + 不定式结构作主语，表语进一步解释问题的内容。 主语（表建议的名词）+ 系动词 + to do 例句：My suggestion is to start early. 分析：“suggestion” 后用不定式作表语，表具体建议。 5. 例句深化分析 例句 1：What I want to do is to help those in need. 分析：主语从句 “What I want to do”，表语 “to help those in need”，强调具体行为。 例句 2：All you have to do is (to) press the button. 分析：当主语部分有实义动词 “do” 时，表语的不定式可省略 “to”。 三、动词不定式作主语与表语的对比 语法功能 主语 表语 位置 句首 系动词后 作用 表示行为或动作，常与必要性、目的、责任等相关。 补充说明主语的内容、性质或未来方向，与主语存在逻辑上的等同或解释关系。 例句 To protect the environment is our duty. Our duty is to protect the environment. 特点 常用形式主语 it 避免句子头重脚轻。 可与主语从句（如 what 从句）互换，强调具体内容。 四、巩固练习 （一）用动词不定式改写句子 Reading books is a good habit. 改写：To read books is a good habit. She wants to become a teacher. That is her dream. 合并：Her dream is to become a teacher. We should protect the environment. It is our responsibility. 合并：It is our responsibility to protect the environment. （二）翻译句子 学好英语需要大量的练习。 翻译：To learn English well requires a lot of practice. 我们的任务是在月底前完成这个项目。 翻译：Our task is to finish this project by the end of the month. 真正重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。 翻译：What really matters is not what you say but what you do. （四）语法填空 1.It is no use ______ (complain) about the situation. We should take action. 答案：complaining 解析：“It is no use doing sth.” 固定句型，用动名词。 2. The first thing ______ (do) when you arrive is to find a place to stay. 答案：to do 解析：序数词后用不定式作后置定语。 3.What I plan ______ (do) tomorrow is to visit the museum. 答案：to do 解析：“plan to do sth.” 固定搭配。 练习答案详解 （一）改写句子 To read books is a good habit. 动名词与不定式作主语可互换，但动名词更常见，不定式更强调具体行为。 Her dream is to become a teacher. 原句两个简单句合并为主系表结构，不定式作表语解释 “dream” 的内容。 It is our responsibility to protect the environment. 用形式主语 “It” 避免句子头重脚轻，真正主语是 “to protect the environment”。 （二）翻译句子 To learn English well requires a lot of practice. 不定式作主语，“requires” 是谓语，“a lot of practice” 是宾语。 Our task is to finish this project by the end of the month. “Our task” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“to finish...” 是表语，表将来动作。 What really matters is not what you say but what you do. 主语从句 “What really matters”，表语由 “not...but...” 连接两个宾语从句。 （三）语法填空 complaining：“It is no use/good doing sth.” 固定句型，意为 “做某事没用 / 无意义”。 to do：序数词 “first” 后用不定式作后置定语，表 “要做的第一件事”。 to do：“plan to do sth.” 固定搭配，“plan” 后接不定式。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$