精品解析：上海市实验学校2025-2026学年第二学期高二月考英语考试

上海市实验学校2025学年第二学期高二英语B6U2-3单元考试 （考试时间：105分钟） 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，请在答题纸上粘贴二维码，请用黑色或蓝黑色水笔答题，不得使用修正液涂改。 3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 4．试卷满分115分。 I. Multiple choice 8% Direction: Choose the BEST answer for the following questions. There is only ONE best answer. 1. At the British Museum, many ancient artifacts with connections ________ lost civilizations are currently ________ display, offering visitors a rare glimpse into how people once lived. A. with, in B. to, on C. with, at D. to, under 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在大英博物馆，许多与失落文明有联系的古代文物目前正在展出，为游客提供了一窥过去人们如何生活的难得机会。第一空，connection to 意为“与……的联系”；第二空，on display 为固定搭配，意为“在展出”。 2. It is ________ of compulsive hoarders to feel overwhelming anxiety at the mere thought of discarding even trivial items like old magazines or chipped mugs — a behavior widely considered far from ________ by those they keep company. A. normal; characteristic B. characteristic; typical C. typical; normal D. typical; average 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：一想到要丢弃旧杂志或有缺口的马克杯等微不足道的物品，强迫性囤积症患者就会感到极度的焦虑，这是他们典型的特征——这种行为被与他们作伴的人认为远非正常。normal“正常的”，characteristic“特有的”， typical“典型的”，average“平均的”。固定句型It is typical of sb. to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是典型的/一贯的”，第一空表示强迫性囤积症患者的典型特征，填typical；第二空表示这种行为被周围人认为是不正常的，far from normal“不正常”。 3. For people living with hoarding disorders, the ________ urge to cling to every seemingly trivial item leaves them deeply ________ to even gentle suggestions to declutter their overcrowded homes. A. compulsory; reluctant B. compulsive; resistant C. compulsive; reluctant D. compulsory; resistant 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：对于患有囤积症的人来说，紧紧抓住每一件看似微不足道的物品的强迫性冲动，使得他们对清理过度拥挤的房屋的温和建议也表现出深深的抗拒。A. compulsory强制的，reluctant不情愿的；B. compulsive强迫性的（指无法控制的冲动），resistant抗拒的；C. compulsive强迫性的（指无法控制的冲动）， reluctant不情愿的；D. compulsory强制的，resistant抗拒的。第一空：compulsory意为“义务的、强制的（指规则要求）”，compulsive意为“强迫性的（指无法控制的冲动）”。根据urge及hoarding disorders可知，此处描述的是无法自控的心理冲动，应用compulsive。第二空：reluctant意为“不情愿的”，常用于be reluctant to do sth.“不愿做某事”；resistant意为“抗拒的”，常用于be resistant to sth.“对某事有抵抗力”。根据句意，囤积症患者对清理建议是“抗拒”而非“不情愿”，且搭配介词为to，应用resistant。 4. After retiring, my uncle decided to ________ gardening as a relaxing hobby, but within a year, weeds had completely ________ the backyard, leaving no room for anything else. A. take over; taken up B. take in; taken off C. take off; taken in D. take up; taken over 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：退休后，我叔叔决定开始把园艺作为一项令人放松的爱好，但不到一年，杂草就完全占据了后院，没有给其他任何东西留下空间。take over接管；take up开始从事；take in吸收；take off起飞。第一空表示开始从事园艺这项爱好，应使用take up；第二空表示杂草占据了后院，应使用take over。 5. Which underlined “dimension” is the CLOSEST in meaning to the one in the sentence “Her job added a new dimension to her life”? A. The problem has reached dimensions we never expected. B. We need to calculate the exact dimensions of the new building. C. Please measure the dimensions of the box before buying a cover for it. D. The disaster revealed a previously unknown dimension of human courage. 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：下面哪个划线的“dimension”与句子“她的工作为她的生活增添了新的方面”中的“dimension”意思最接近？在题干中dimension意为“方面，特点”； A选项句意：这个问题已经达到了我们从未预料到的规模，此处dimension意为“规模”；B选项句意：我们需要计算新大楼的准确尺寸，此处dimension意为“尺寸”；C选项句意：在买罩子之前，请测量一下盒子的尺寸，此处dimension意为“尺寸”；D选项句意：这场灾难展现了人类勇气以前未知的方面，此处dimension意为“方面”，由此可知，题干中的dimension意为“方面”，与D选项中的dimension意思最接近。 6. Which two of the following sentences are grammatically CORRECT? a. She is strongly opposed to changing the current policy. b. Many residents oppose to build a new factory near the community. c. His opinion is completely opposite to mine on this issue. d. The bank is opposite to the supermarket on Main Street. A. ac B. ad C. bc D. bd 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】b选项中，oppose doing为固定短语，含义为“反对做……”，所以其中的动词不定式to build应改为building，所以b项语法错误；d项中，opposite在本句中为介词，其后面不应再跟介词，所以d项语法错误，其他两项无语法错误。 7. Which two of the following sentences are grammatically CORRECT? a. After the flood, the village remained nothing. b. After the flood, nothing remained in the village. c. Convinced that preparation guarantees success, she planned her study schedule well ahead. d. After consulting her tutor, she is convinced of that preparation guarantees success. A. ac B. ad C. bc D. bd 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：以下哪两个句子在语法上是正确的？句子b中，remain作不及物动词，意为“剩下，遗留”，主语应为被剩下的事物（nothing），表示“洪水过后，村庄里什么也没剩下”，语法正确；句子c中，be convinced that...意为“确信……”，此处使用过去分词短语Convinced that...作状语，其逻辑主语she与convince构成被动关系，表示“她坚信准备能保证成功，所以提前做好了学习计划”，语法正确。 8. How many of the sentences are grammatically CORRECT? a. Mum’s stuffs have spread out everywhere. b. These recordings are a moment for his talent as a pianist. c. Elaine is annoyed by her mother’s junk as she searches a place to do her homework. d. The Rosetta Stone was the key to unlock the language of the ancient Egyptians. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：有多少个句子在语法上是正确的？a. 妈妈的东西到处都是。b. 这些唱片展示了他作为钢琴家的才华。c. 伊莱恩在找地方做作业时，对她妈妈的破烂感到烦恼。d. 罗塞塔石碑是解开古埃及人语言的钥匙。a句中，stuff (东西)为不可数名词，无复数形式，应改为stuff，且谓语动词应使用单数has；b句中，表达“……的丰碑”应使用固定搭配a monument to，而不是a moment for；c句中，表达“寻找某地”应使用search for a place，search a place意为“搜查某个地方”，不符合语境；d句中，the key to...意为“……的关键”，其中to为介词，后应接动名词，应改为unlocking。四个句子均有错误，正确的句子数量为0。 II. Vocabulary 10% Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. way B. free C. right D. problematic E. intended F. means G. prone H. possessions I. held J. live K. honor Many hoarders don’t see their behavior as disordered, and psychology didn’t either — at first. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the holy book of psychiatric diagnoses, was revised to list severe hoarding as a disorder in its own ____9____. To meet the diagnostic criteria, someone must have acquired an unmanageable, even hazardous number of ____10____ that appear to be useless or of limited value — yet would cause them severe distress if discarded. At first, it was called Collyer’s syndrome, in ____11____ of Homer and Langley Collyer, brothers who, between 1909 and 1947, slowly buried themselves in their family mansion, filling it inch by inch. By mid century, as mass production and a postwar economic boom made it possible for people of modest ____12____ to acquire more and more objects, Collyer’s syndrome became more widespread. Psychologists decided that hoarding must be subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a repeated, ritualized action ____13____ to ward off anxiety. That categorization ____14____ for decades — even though clinical hoarding affects up to 6 percent of the world population, twice as many as OCD. A 2010 review by David Mataix-Cols at King’s College London noted that at least 80 percent of people who engaged in extreme hoarding didn’t meet the criteria for OCD. They were more ____15____ to depression than those with OCD. They struggled more with decision-making. They were much less inclined to recognize their behavior as ____16____. Genetic linkage studies showed a different pattern of heritability than OCD, and brain scans showed a different pattern of activation. Drugs that were successful in treating OCD were not effective for hoarding. Finally, in 2013, hoarding disorder was sprung ____17____ of the OCD category. And it can be connected to an array of causes as motley (混杂) as the stuff that gets hoarded. It shows up on a continuum, spanning everything from an overcluttered home that’s spun out of control. It can extend to the accumulation of ____18____ animals (though that’s a very different proposition). 【答案】9. C 10. H 11. K 12. F 13. E 14. I 15. G 16. D 17. B 18. J 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍了囤积症从最初被视为强迫症的一种亚型，到最终被《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》列为独立精神障碍的诊断与认知历程。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：2013年，《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》这本精神病诊断的权威著作经过修订，将严重囤积症本身列为一种疾病。空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词，right为名词，构成固定短语in its own right，意为“本身”，符合句意。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：要满足诊断标准，一个人必须获得了数量难以管理甚至具有危险性的物品，这些物品看似无用或价值有限——但如果丢弃它们，却会给此人带来严重的痛苦。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词。根据“that appear to be useless or of limited value”可知，possessions为名词，含义为“财产；物品”，符合句意。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：最初，它被称为科利尔综合征，以纪念霍默和兰利·科利尔兄弟，这对兄弟在1909年至1947年间，一点一点地用物品填满他们的家族豪宅，最终将自己埋葬其中。空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词。根据“At first, it was called Collyer’s syndrome”可知，honor为名词，含义为“荣誉；敬意”，构成固定短语in honor of，意为“为纪念……”，符合句意。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：到了世纪中叶，随着大规模生产和战后经济繁荣使收入普通的人也能够购买越来越多的物品，科利尔综合征变得更加普遍。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词，根据“as mass production and a postwar economic boom”可知，means为名词，含义为“收入；财富”，构成固定短语people of modest means，意为“收入普通的人”，符合句意。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家认定囤积症一定是强迫症的一种亚型：一种重复的、仪式化的行为，旨在抵御焦虑。空处修饰名词action，作后置定语，intend和被修饰词action构成被动关系，应用过去分词intended，构成be intended to do sth结构，含义为“旨在；意图是”符合语意。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这种分类持续了数十年——尽管临床囤积症影响全球多达6%的人口，是强迫症患病人数的两倍。空处在句中作谓语，且根据时间状语for decades可知应用一般过去时；根据“for decades”可知，held为动词hold的过去式，含义为“保持；持续”，符合句意。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们比强迫症患者更容易患抑郁症。空处作were的表语，应用形容词，根据“than those with OCD”可知，prone为形容词，含义为“易于……的；有……倾向的”，构成固定搭配be prone to，意为“易于做某事”，符合句意。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们更不愿意承认自己的行为有问题。在这里考查固定搭配recognize...as，as后面可以加名词或形容词，意为“承认……是……”。在这里用形容词problematic，含义为“有问题的；成问题的”，符合句意。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最终，在2013年，囤积症从强迫症类别中脱离出来。空处位于动词sprung之后，构成固定搭配spring...free of，意为“摆脱；脱离”应用形容词free，含义为“自由的；不受约束的”，符合句意。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它可以延伸到活体动物的积累（尽管这是一个非常不同的情况）。空处修饰名词animals，作定语，应用形容词，根据“animals”可知，live为形容词，含义为“活的；有生命的”，符合句意。 III. Reading comprehension Section A 30% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context. (A) More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life Balance As a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more ___19___ time. Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her ___20___, she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more ___21___ are making. New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to ___22___ opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the ___23___ say there almost always is a main cause, either work- or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more ___24___ job offer. For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better ___25___ situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required ___26___ all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same ___27___ with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.” In the ____28____ to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when ____29____ possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their ____30____ lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of ____31____, including salary, advancement and fulfillment. Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that ____32____. Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs (手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make ____33____ and financial concessions (让步) for work-life balance. 19. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment 20. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution 21. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents 22. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for 23. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort 24. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly 25. A. work B. living C. security D. education 26. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing 27. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule 28. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability 29. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically 30. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern 31. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners 32. A. power B. support C. skill D. control 33. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate 【答案】19. C 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。大多数父母愿意在事业和经济上做出让步，以实现工作和生活的平衡。 【19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，三年前，德莫斯开始试水，看看经营自己的企业，制作营销视频，是否会为更多的家庭时间创造一个选择。A. balance平衡；B. business商业；C. family家庭；D. entertainment娱乐。根据前文“As a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. (作为电视新闻主持人，辛西娅·德莫斯的家庭生活对她来说是个挑战)”可知，此处是指为了有更多的家庭时间。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有重新谈判合同，而是辞去了工作，进入了下一个阶段——建立自己的视频制作/媒体培训公司。A. issue问题；B. contract合同；C. future未来；D. contribution贡献。根据“she left her job”可知，此处是指她没有和公司续约。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是越来越多的父母在平衡工作与生活的道路上做出的职业转变。A. employers老板；B. employees员工；C. children孩子；D. parents父母。根据“working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park.(由于要在晚上和周末工作，她很少送三岁的儿子和五岁的女儿去睡觉，周六也很少去公园)”可知，此处是指作为父母而做出的职业转变。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一项最新研究显示，人们辞职的首要原因是为了寻求更好的工作与生活平衡的机会。A. give up放弃；B. seek out寻求；C. act on采取行动；D. substitute for代替。根据“opportunities with a better work-life balance”可知，此处是指辞职寻求更好的工作与生活平衡的机会。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：做出这一改变的人表示，几乎总是有一个主要原因，要么是工作，要么是家庭。A. change改变；B. mistake错误；C. difference不同；D. effort努力。根据“leave their jobs”可知，此处是指做出职业上的改变。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它甚至可能是一个更有利于家庭的工作机会。A. budget-friendly价格适宜的；B. female-friendly有利于女性的；C. family-friendly有利于家庭的；D. business-friendly商业友好的。根据前文“It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events.(它可能是一件改变人生的事件，比如一个孩子的诞生，也可能是一位要求苛刻的新老板，工作职责的改变，或太多错过的重要事件)”可知，此处是罗列改变职业的原因。根据前文“It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance”可知，改变职业的原因也有可能是一个更有利于家庭的工作机会。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对丹尼·哈里斯来说，主要原因是对一个有年幼女儿的母亲来说，有一个更好的工作环境很有吸引力。A. work工作；B. living生活；C. security安全；D. education教育。根据“Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school.(哈里斯之前在南佛罗里达的两家公司担任营销总监，后来有机会在她女儿的学校担任类似的职位)”可知，此处是指换一个更好的工作环境。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个需要权衡所有因素的决定。A. identifying识别；B. understanding理解；C. describing描述；D. weighing权衡。根据“The upside included(好处包括)”和“The downside(坏处)”可知，此处是指权衡所有因素。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样做的好处包括在工作日看到她的孩子，并与他们共有相同的日程安排。A. idea想法；B. feeling感受；C. value价值；D. schedule日程。根据“Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. (哈里斯之前在南佛罗里达的两家公司担任营销总监，后来有机会在她女儿的学校担任类似的职位)”可知，在女儿的学校工作，会和女儿有相同的日程安排。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在努力实现工作与生活的平衡的过程中，有工作的母亲们十多年来一直在“辞职”，当经济条件允许时，她们选择留在家里照顾孩子。A. struggle努力；B. permission允许；C. decision决定；D. ability能力。根据“to achieve work-life balance”可知，此处是指在努力实现工作与生活的平衡的过程中。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在努力实现工作与生活的平衡的过程中，有工作的母亲们十多年来一直在“辞职”，当经济条件允许时，她们选择留在家里照顾孩子。A. physically身体上地；B. medically医学上地； C. financially经济上地；D. logically逻辑上地。根据“choosing to stay at home with their children”可知，此处是指当经济条件允许时，她们就不再工作，选择留在家里照顾孩子。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但今天，男性和女性都在改变工作，选择更适合他们理想生活方式的工作。A. past过去的；B. desired理想的；C. interesting有趣的；D. modern现代的。文章是讲人们换工作是为了更好地适应自己想要的生活，实现家庭和工作的平衡。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种转变通常意味着要认真考虑牺牲，包括薪水、晋升和满足感。A. jobs工作；B. hobbies爱好；C. sacrifices牺牲；D. partners搭档。根据“But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their desired lifestyle.”可知，他们换工作是为了适应自己的理想生活，那就意味着会牺牲薪水、晋升和满足感。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们正在开办自己的律师事务所或成为自雇顾问，以获得这种控制权。A. power权利；B. support支持；C. skill技巧；D. control控制。根据前文“what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules(工作的父亲们通常寻找的是可预见性和对自己日程安排的控制力)”可知，他们正在开办自己的律师事务所或成为自雇顾问，以获得这种控制权。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于每周工作40小时的传统已经过时，全球安永会计师事务所对近9700名全职员工进行的一项调查发现，大多数父母愿意在事业和经济上做出让步，以实现工作和生活的平衡。A. identity身份；B. career事业；C. mental精神病患者；D. considerate体贴的。根据“The shift often means serious consideration of sacrifices, including salary, advancement and fulfillment.”可知，此处是指做出事业和经济上的让步。故选B。 (B) Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ____34____ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ____35____ could provide information for ____36____ generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ____37____ were observers rather than researchers. In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ____38____ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ____39____ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ____40____, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ____41____ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities.” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ____42____ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy. Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ____43____, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ____44____ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people — their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ____45____ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ____46____. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ____47____ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ____48____ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities. 34. A. adventuring B. changing C. digging D. evolving 35. A. rituals B. history C. ruins D. science 36. A. lost B. later C. older D. several 37. A. inventors B. scholars C. visitors D. writers 38. A. extensively B. nationwide C. regularly D. broadly 39. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control 40. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Meanwhile 41. A. coined B. considered C. recognized D. used 42. A. created B. developed C. established D. investigated 43. A. countries B. fields C. locations D. ways 44. A. certain B. likely C. ready D. necessary 45. A. honorable B. peaceful C. rural D. recent 46. A. gave away B. gave off C. left behind D. left out 47. A. choosing B. examining C. studying D. protecting 48. A. aware of B. fed up with C. ignorant of D. familiar with 【答案】34. D 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. A 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了考古学的起源、发展历程、现代考古的研究方式以及文物保护的重要性。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：考古学是一门现代科学，但它已经发展了几个世纪。A. adventuring冒险；B. changing改变；C. digging挖掘；D. evolving发展，演变。根据上文“Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been”以及下文“More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids.”可知，考古学虽然被定义为现代科学，但其历史可以追溯到2400多年前，说明这门学科经历了漫长的发展演变过程。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：他可能是第一位认为遗迹和废墟可以为后代提供信息的作家。A. rituals仪式；B. history历史；C. ruins废墟，遗迹；D. science科学。根据上文“the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments”以及下文“could provide information”可知，希罗多德描述的是金字塔等古代建筑遗迹，这些遗迹属于废墟（ruins），与remains（遗迹）并列，共同作为提供历史信息的来源。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他可能是第一位认为遗迹和废墟可以为后代提供信息的作家。A. lost失去的；B. later后来的；C. older更老的；D. several几个的。根据上文“More than 2,400 years ago”以及“could provide information for”可知，希罗多德生活在2400多年前，他记录的信息是为之后世代的人提供的，later generations意为“后代”，符合时间逻辑。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，一千多年来，这些学者只是观察者而非研究者。A. inventors发明家；B. scholars学者；C. visitors参观者；D. writers作家。根据上文“the Greek historian Herodotus”以及下文“were observers rather than researchers”可知，此处指研究遗迹和废墟的学者。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：18世纪，来自多个国家的科学家和探险家广泛地旅行，以探索古代遗址。A. extensively广泛地；B. nationwide全国性地；C. regularly定期地；D. broadly广泛地。根据上文“scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries”以及下文“to explore ancient sites”可知，来自不同国家的科学家和探险家为了探索遗址而进行广泛的旅行，extensively强调范围和程度上的广泛，修饰travel更为恰当。 【39题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：至今仍在进行的挖掘工作始于1709年的赫库兰尼姆，这是一座在公元79年维苏威火山爆发时被火山灰掩埋的意大利城市。A. in progress进行中；B. in good condition状况良好；C. on display展出；D. out of control失控。根据上文“Digs that are still”以及下文“began in 1709 at Herculaneum”可知，1709年开始的挖掘工作至今仍在继续，in progress表示“正在进行中”，符合时间延续的逻辑。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，直到19世纪，考古学才成为一门被广泛认可的科学，学校也才将该学科视为学术研究。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Instead反而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据上文“The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765”以及下文“archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century”可知，前文讲述了18世纪的考古活动，后文指出考古学直到19世纪才被广泛认可，前后存在转折关系。 【41题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个术语本身是在1837年被创造出来的。A. coined创造（新词）；B. considered考虑；C. recognized认可；D. used使用。根据上文“The term itself was”以及下文“It comes from a Latin word meaning ‘the study of antiquities.’”可知，此处解释的是“archaeology”一词的词源，coin a term意为“创造术语”，是固定搭配。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：德国的海因里希·施利曼是首批使用科学方法研究这门学科的人之一，他在19世纪末调查了特洛伊古城的古代文明。A. created创造；B. developed发展；C. established建立；D. investigated调查，研究。根据上文“One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline”以及下文“the ancient civilization of the city of Troy”和“Surveys of the land”可知，施利曼作为考古学家，其工作是对特洛伊古城文明进行调查研究。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，考古学家在许多不同的地点发掘过去，包括沙漠和丛林，在被称为挖掘现场的地点工作。A. countries国家；B. fields领域；C. locations地点；D. ways方法。根据下文“including deserts and jungles”可知，沙漠和丛林都是具体的地理地点，因此此处指考古学家在不同地点开展工作。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对土地的勘测帮助他们选择可能提供文物的地点，这些文物将揭示某个特定人群的故事——他们的日常生活、信仰以及与其他文化的联系。A. certain确定的；B. likely可能的；C. ready准备好的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文“Surveys of the land help them choose sites”以及下文“to provide artifacts”可知，勘测的目的是找到可能出土文物的地点，likely表示可能性，符合考古勘探的不确定性特点。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有些人更喜欢研究更近的定居点。A. honorable可敬的；B. peaceful和平的；C. rural乡村的；D. recent近期的。根据上文“A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist”可知，遗址不一定非要古老才有研究价值，由此推断有些考古学家会研究更近时期的定居点，与old形成对比。 【46题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：例如，一位科学家通过研究矿工留下的垃圾来研究加利福尼亚的煤矿营地。A. gave away赠送；B. gave off发出；C. left behind留下；D. left out遗漏。根据上文“examining the garbage that miners”可知，考古学家研究的是矿工过去生活后遗留下来的垃圾，left behind意为“留下”，符合考古学研究遗存物的语境。 【47题详解】 考查动词。句意：考古学家可能为大学、博物馆或政府工作，其中一些人参与向公众普及保护古代遗址的知识。A. choosing选择；B. examining检查；C. studying研究；D. protecting保护。根据下文“Artifact hunters who are ________ history rob these places and sell what they find”可知，文物猎人掠夺遗址，与之相对，考古学家的职责之一是保护遗址，形成对比关系。 【48题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：那些不了解历史的文物猎人掠夺这些地方，并将他们的发现以几美元的价格卖给不道德的文物贩子。A. aware of了解；B. fed up with厌倦；C. ignorant of不了解；D. familiar with熟悉。根据下文“history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities”可知，这些文物猎人不尊重历史价值，为了金钱破坏遗址，说明他们对历史缺乏了解，ignorant of history意为“不了解历史”，符合对其行为的批判。 Section B 22% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Ever since the discovery of the first pyramid, scientists have wondered how ancient Egyptians built these monumental structures that are visible even from space. There are a number of theories about the construction techniques they used. One question, however, had been left unanswered. Egyptologists had always wondered how workers were able to move the giant stones. These weigh as much as 2.5 tons each, and the mountains from which they were cut were often located hundreds of kilometres away from the pyramid sites. Dragging them on basic wooden sledges, similar to those people use to slide down snow-covered slopes in winter, was the obvious answer. However, to do so would have required superhuman strength against the friction of the desert sand. It now turns out that the workers probably did have some assistance — from ordinary water! What is even more amazing is that the answer the Egyptologists’ puzzle has been staring them in the face for many years, in a wall painting in the tomb of an ancient Egyptian king, or pharaoh. The artwork, which shows a pharaoh being pulled along by a large team of workers, has one significant detail that had so far been misinterpreted — a man pouring water in front of the sledge the pharaoh is being dragged upon. Egyptologists had always thought that the man was performing some kind of religious ceremony. However, some scientists now believe that the water was being poured for a totally different reason. It was to help the sledge move more easily across the sand. This revelation was made by researchers from the University of Amsterdam and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter. The scientists arrived at this conclusion after conducting extensive testing in their laboratory, by sliding a weighted tray across both dry sand and sand that had been mixed with varying amounts of water. In dry sand, heaps formed in front of the tray as it was dragged along. This slowed it down dramatically. However, as the researchers added water, the sand hardened, which helped reduce both the force needed to pull the tray and the friction against it. That’s because the water helps form tiny water bridges, known as capillary bridges, between the sand particles (颗粒), causing them to stick together. The effect of this turns out to be significant. The force required to pull the sledge would have been reduced by as much as 50% as the sand became firmer, which meant that half as many workers were needed to move the heavy stones. 49. Which question about the pyramids is discussed in the passage? A. How the stones arrived at the sites? B. How the capillary bridges were built? C. How water was used in construction? D. How sand worked in their transportation? 50. What inspired scientists to find the answer to the puzzle discussed in the passage? A. The discovery of a worker’s log. B. A mysterious religious ceremony. C. The unexpected experiment result. D. A wall painting in a pharaoh’s tomb. 51. “This revelation” (in paragraph 5) refers to ________. A. the pharaoh’s real power B. the actual role that water played C. the way that the pharaoh was pulled along D. the reason for the misinterpretation of the artwork 52. Capillary bridges made it possible for fewer workers to pull the sledge by reducing ________. A. the mass of the stones B. the firmness of the sand C. the friction against the sledge D. the number of the sand particles 【答案】49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家通过研究古埃及壁画和实验，揭示了古埃及人如何利用水来减少摩擦，从而移动建造金字塔的巨石。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Egyptologists had always wondered how workers were able to move the giant stones. (埃及学家一直想知道工人们是如何移动那些巨石的。)”可知，文章讨论的是金字塔的石头如何运送到工地的问题。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“What is even more amazing is that the answer the Egyptologists’ puzzle has been staring them in the face for many years, in a wall painting in the tomb of an ancient Egyptian king, or pharaoh. (更令人惊奇的是，埃及学家们困惑的答案多年来一直就在他们眼前——在一幅古埃及国王（或法老）墓中的壁画上。)”可知，法老墓中的壁画启发了科学家找到答案。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, some scientists now believe that the water was being poured for a totally different reason. It was to help the sledge move more easily across the sand. (然而，一些科学家现在认为，倒水的原因完全不同。那是为了帮助雪橇更容易地在沙子上移动。)”以及第五段“This revelation was made by researchers from the University of Amsterdam and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter. (这一revelation是由阿姆斯特丹大学和物质基础研究基金会的研究人员做出的。)”可知，This revelation指的是水在搬运巨石过程中实际所起的作用。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, as the researchers added water, the sand hardened, which helped reduce both the force needed to pull the tray and the friction against it. That's because the water helps form tiny water bridges, known as capillary bridges, between the sand particles (颗粒), causing them to stick together. (然而，随着研究人员加水，沙子变硬了，这有助于减少拉动托盘所需的力和对它产生的摩擦力。这是因为水有助于在沙粒之间形成微小的水桥，称为毛细桥，使它们粘在一起。)”以及“The force required to pull the sledge would have been reduced by as much as 50% as the sand became firmer, which meant that half as many workers were needed to move the heavy stones. (随着沙子变得更坚实，拉动雪橇所需的力会减少多达50%，这意味着只需要一半的工人就能搬动这些沉重的石头。)”可知，毛细桥通过减少雪橇受到的摩擦力，使得更少的工人能够拉动雪橇。 (B) From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 53. Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A. B. C. D. 54. Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A. so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B. to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C. as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D. to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 55. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show the development of mapping technology. B. To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C. To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D. To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. 【答案】53. B 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地图的历史以及一些有趣的地图相关知识。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map.(大约公元150年，一位希腊科学家在地图上画出了南北和东西方向的线)”可知，地图中显示了经纬线，选项B图中这符合描述。故选B。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fake Places”部分“Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry.(制图师需要确保他们的作品不会被他人抄袭。为了保护他们的作品，许多制图师在地图中添加虚构的小镇或街道。只有原始制图师知道这些虚构的内容)”可知，添加虚构的城镇或街道是为了看是否有人抄袭地图。故选A。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts.(既然你已经对地图的早期历史有所了解，那我们来了解一些有趣的事实吧)”以及文章内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍地图的历史和一些有趣的事实。故选C。 (C) The statue of King Leopold II of Belgium that stands in sight of the royal palace in Brussels has been defaced dozens of times in recent years. Activists have painted its hands and eyes red as a reminder of the brutality that Leopold unleashed in the Congo Free State, a territory in central Africa, at the end of the 19th century. As many as 10 million Congolese-or half of the population-might have perished as Europeans forced entire villages to collect rubber and ivory for export. Leopold’s exploitation of Congo was a scandal. In 1908, after years of campaigning by journalists, the Belgian state stripped the king of his private possession. The Belgian Congo joined other European colonies in Africa where wanton（恶意的）extraction was to be replaced by a supposedly civilising mission. Yet though less transparently murderous, the “benign” colonialism of elsewhere was often not that different from what happened under Leopold. A new book, “In the Forest of No Joy”, by J. P. Daughton, an American historian, exposes how forced labour in the French Congo（now the Republic of Congo）, on the other side of the river from Leopold’s possession（now the Democratic Republic）, led to the deaths of tens of thousands of Africans. The book is a masterful, if relentlessly bleak, account of the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railway, a route designed to connect the central African interior to the Atlantic. What makes it so compelling is the divide it exposes between the often admirable intentions of colonial bureaucrats, who did genuinely think they were lifting Africans out of poverty, and the grim reality that they enabled. The application of “modern” government to conquered people could be almost as savage as plunder（掠夺）, Mr Daughton shows. The railway was the idea of Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazza, an Italian-born French explorer who conquered much of central Africa for France “by exclusively peaceful means”. The French state imagined itself as a bringer of civilisation to Africa, and the railway was to provide a way for the Congolese to take part in world trade. Yet Mr Daughton shows how the colonial administration in Congo had little capacity to build a railway without violence: it claimed to be recruiting paid volunteers while its agents forced Africans to work at gunpoint. Many were marched hundreds of kilometres to the tracks chained at the neck, as slaves had been a century before. Whatever work had to be done, reported Albert Londres, a French journalist, “it’s captives who do it.” Surprisingly, the French state documented these abuses diligently（the archives provide the source of much of Mr Daughton’s information）. In 1926 one inspector, Jean-Noel-Paul Pegourier, compared the treatment of workers on the railway to the German genocide of the Herero in Namibia before the first world war. Yet unlike the reports of Leopold’s abuses, these observations had little effect, not least because orders issued from Paris or even Brazzaville were simply ignored. Raphael Antonetti, the colonial governor, fought back with an avalanche of legalese. The railway was a masterpiece of engineering, as Mr Daughton readily admits. For decades it provided the only means of transporting goods within Congo. The wealth of Brazzaville, still so named, was built on it. In Britain and France, the infrastructure bequeathed to former colonies is often cited as an argument for its benefits. But to build it, a weak and stingy state had to rely on brutality. As Mr Daughton reports, “the Congo-Ocean provides an all too-useful case in point for how the language of humanity could be invoked to explain the deaths of thousands.” 56. According to the passage, King Leopold was infamous for ________. A. taking possession of the private belongings of 10 million Congolese by killing them B. reviving slavery by illegally transporting the native Congo villagers to Europe C. being physically handicapped by people in the Congo Free State for his cruel governance D. his tyrannical and exploitative behaviors imposing forced labor on the Congolese 57. Which of the following statements will Mr Daughton probably disagree with? A. European bureaucrats’ intention to bring prosperity to the Africans led to unintended consequences. B. The African workers involved in the railway construction were enslaved and ill-treated. C. Despite being crowned as a masterpiece of engineering, the railway is of little benefit to local people. D. Some colonists led no better lives when governed by civilized leaders than by tyrants. 58. Why did the documents made by the French state about the construction workers’ being abused barely contribute to improving the condition? A. Because the local governor turned a blind eye to the instructions given by higher officials. B. Because some of the descriptions were groundless and denied by the inspector on the site. C. Because the local agents fought back by filing a lawsuit against the alleged documents. D. Because the workers on the railway were contracted volunteers though being treated cruelly. 59. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. A Brief History of Forced Labor B. Blood on the Tracks C. Treasure of Colonialism D. The Vanishing Humanity 【答案】56. D 57. C 58. A 59. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了刚果海洋铁路的建设—是建立在残暴的基础之上的，同时它也暴露了殖民官僚之间的分歧。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ Activists have painted its hands and eyes red as a reminder of the brutality that Leopold unleashed in the Congo Free State,“（活动人士把它的手和眼睛涂成红色，提醒人们利奥波德在刚果自由邦犯下的暴行）可知 King Leopold非常残暴；根据文章第二段“A new book, “In the Forest of No Joy”, by J. P. Daughton, an American historian, exposes how forced labour in the French Congo（now the Republic of Congo）”（一本新书《在森林里没有快乐》由美国历史学家J.P. Daughton所写，揭露了法属刚果强迫劳动的行径)，可知，利奥波德强迫刚果人劳动的剥削行为。故选D项。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The railway was a masterpiece of engineering, as Mr Daughton readily admits. For decades it provided the only means of transporting goods within Congo. The wealth of Brazzaville, still so named, was built on it.”（多尔顿欣然承认，这条铁路是工程上的杰作。几十年来，它是在刚果境内运输货物的唯一途径。布拉柴维尔的财富就建立在此之上，至今仍被称为布拉柴维尔）可知这条铁路对当地的人民是有好处的。C项：Despite being crowned as a masterpiece of engineering, the railway is of little benefit to local people.（尽管被誉为工程上的杰作，但这条铁路对当地人民没有什么好处），和Mr Daughton的观点相反。故选C项。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Yet unlike the reports of Leopold’s abuses, these observations had little effect, not least because orders issued from Paris or even Brazzaville were simply ignored. Raphael ”然而，与关于利奥波德滥用职权的报道不同，这些观察结果几乎没有影响，尤其是因为巴黎甚至布拉柴维尔发布的命令都被忽视了。可知地方官对上级官员的指示视而不见。故选A项。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主题段第三段“The book is a masterful, if relentlessly bleak, account of the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railway, a route designed to connect the central African interior to the Atlantic. What makes it so compelling is the divide it exposes between the often admirable intentions of colonial bureaucrats”（这本书讲述了刚果海洋铁路的建设，这是一条连接中非内陆和大西洋的线路。让它如此引人注目的是，它暴露了殖民官僚的之间的意图分歧），可知本文主要讲解了刚果海洋铁路的建设——它是刚果人民的血泪筑成的，故选B项。 Section C 8% Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What specifically can you do to increase learning when faced with stress at work? Start internally. ___60___ When stress emerges, change the message you tell yourself from “this is a stressful work assignment/situation” to “this is a challenging but rewarding opportunity to learn.” Interpreting stressful tasks as learning possibilities shifts your mindset and better prepares you to approach the task with an orientation toward growth and longer-term gains. Work and learn with others. Instead of struggling with a stressful challenge solely in your own head, try to get input from others. Getting out and discussing a stressor with your peers and colleagues might reveal hidden insights, either from their experience or from the questions and perspectives they raise. ___61___ Alongside purely relaxing breaks — either short ones like meditating or longer ones like taking days off — consider recasting learning itself as a break from your routine tasks at work. This might seem like a mere mental rebranding, but if a learning activity allows you to divert from the type of effort you use in regular work activities (e.g., numeric thinking, interacting with clients), and if the activity also fits your real interests, it can refill you psychologically. ___62___ However, approaching it as a form of pause can make it more appealing and more likely to create positive, enjoyable experiences. Embracing learning can be a more active way to cushion yourself from negative effects of stress at work. ___63___ Even without pressing problems, engaging in learning as a central feature of your work life will help you build personal resources and equip you to be resilient and prepared in navigating future stress at work. A. Viewing learning as “more work” will make it less attractive in an already stressful situation. B. Simply practice “buckle down and power through” to focus on getting the stressful work done. C. Temporarily disconnect from work and get “work breaks” from the stressful environment. D. At the same time, there is no need to wait for stress to arise before seeking learning opportunities. E. Craft learning activities as a new form of “work break.” F. Practice reframing stressful work challenges in your mind. 【答案】60. F 61. E 62. A 63. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在工作压力下如何通过改变心态、与他人合作、将学习视为休息等方式来增加学习并缓解压力。 【60题详解】 由上文“Start internally. (从内部开始。)”及下文“When stress emerges, change the message you tell yourself from “this is a stressful work assignment/situation” to “this is a challenging but rewarding opportunity to learn.” (当压力出现时，把你要告诉自己的信息从“这是一项有压力的工作任务/情况”改为“这是一个具有挑战性但值得学习的机会。”)”可知，上文提出要从内部开始应对压力，下文具体说明了要改变对压力的看法，本空应强调从内心转变对压力的看法，重新定义有压力的工作挑战。F选项“Practice reframing stressful work challenges in your mind. (练习在脑海中重新构建有压力的工作挑战。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 【61题详解】 由下文“Alongside purely relaxing breaks — either short ones like meditating or longer ones like taking days off — consider recasting learning itself as a break from your routine tasks at work. (除了纯粹的放松休息——无论是像冥想这样的短暂休息，还是像休假这样的长时间休息——考虑将学习本身重新定义为工作常规任务之外的一种休息。)”可知，本段核心是把学习活动当作一种新型的工作休息方式。E选项“Craft learning activities as a new form of “work break.” (将学习活动设计为一种新的“工作休息”形式。)”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。故选E。 【62题详解】 由上文“This might seem like a mere mental rebranding, but if a learning activity allows you to divert from the type of effort you use in regular work activities (e.g., numeric thinking, interacting with clients), and if the activity also fits your real interests, it can refill you psychologically. (这可能看起来只是心理上的重新定位，但如果一项学习活动能让你从常规工作活动中使用的努力类型（例如，数字思考、与客户互动）中转移出来，并且如果这项活动也符合你的真正兴趣，那么它就能在心理上给你充电。)”及下文“However, approaching it as a form of pause can make it more appealing and more likely to create positive, enjoyable experiences. (然而，将其视为一种暂停形式可以使其更具吸引力，更有可能创造积极、愉快的体验。)”可知，上文说明了将学习视为休息的好处，下文转折说明如果将其视为额外的工作则吸引力会降低，本空应表述与上文相反的观点，即把学习看作额外工作会带来负面效果。A选项“Viewing learning as “more work” will make it less attractive in an already stressful situation. (在已经很有压力的情况下，将学习视为“额外的工作”会降低它的吸引力。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 【63题详解】 由下文“Even without pressing problems, engaging in learning as a central feature of your work life will help you build personal resources and equip you to be resilient and prepared in navigating future stress at work. (即使没有紧迫的问题，将学习作为工作生活的核心特征也将帮助你建立个人资源，使你能够有韧性并准备好应对未来的工作压力。)”可知，下文说明即使没有压力，学习也能帮助应对未来压力，本空应说明不要等到压力出现才寻求学习机会，D选项“At the same time, there is no need to wait for stress to arise before seeking learning opportunities. (同时，没有必要等到压力出现才寻求学习机会。)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 IV. Grammar 10% Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy, ____64____ (clutter) homes and difficulty parting with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital realm. Types of Digital Hoarders Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, data hoarding or cyber hoarding, is excessive acquisition and reluctance to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Digital files, folders, music, movies, computer programs, and even the “friends” ____65____ we keep on social media are also forms of digital clutter. Researchers ____66____ (categorize) digital hoarders into 4 different types, as per their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, systematic and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders” are disorganized, don’t know what they have, and don’t have control over it. The “compliant hoarder” keeps data on behalf of their company. Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ties to their data — and are worried about deleting it. How to Tackle Digital Hoarding ____67____ hoarding is often associated with anxiety and insecurity, addressing the source of these negative emotions may alleviate hoarding behaviours. Workplaces can do more here, by reducing non-essential email traffic, making it very clear ____68____ information should be retained or discarded. In doing so, companies ____69____ help workers to avoid the compulsion to obsessively save and store the bulk of their digital data. On the other hand, part of the problem is ____70____ it’s so easy to accumulate electronic data. Our phones have an incredible amount of storage space compared with just five years ago, and thanks to cloud storage, we can effortlessly store a mind-boggling amount of data ____71____ even paying for it. Therefore, it is important to organize and pare down your digital files. Digital hoarding can show ____72____ in many ways but when it causes anxiety or issues with organization and productivity then it needs ____73____ (address). Digital clutter can be draining and stressful for some people. By organizing and getting rid of useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and declutter their own mind as well. 【答案】64. cluttered 65. that##who##whom 66. have categorized 67. Since##As##Because 68. whether 69. can 70. that 71. without 72. up 73. addressing##to be addressed 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了数字囤积（digital hoarding）的定义、四种类型以及应对数字囤积的方法。 【64题详解】 考查形容词。句意：囤积会导致杂乱的房屋，以及难以舍弃那些你不用甚至不需要的物品。根据“homes”可知，此处需要用形容词修饰名词homes，clutter的形容词形式为cluttered，意为“杂乱的”。 【65题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：数字文件、文件夹、音乐、电影、电脑程序，甚至我们在社交媒体上保留的“朋友”也是数字杂乱的一种形式。本句为定语从句，先行词为friends，指人，在从句中作keep的宾语，空格处用关系代词that/who/whom。 【66题详解】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员根据数字囤积者的特征，将其分为四种不同的类型。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示研究已经完成并对现在产生影响，应用现在完成时，主语Researchers为复数，空格处应用have done的形式。 【67题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：因为囤积通常与焦虑和不安有关，解决这些负面情绪的根源可能缓解囤积行为。本句为原因状语从句，空格处可用Since/As/Because引导从句，表示“因为”，句首单词首字母需大写。 【68题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：工作场所可以在这方面做得更多，通过减少非必要邮件流量，明确信息是否应该保留或丢弃。根据“or discarded”可知，此处为whether...or...结构，表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，作make的宾语，it在这里是形式宾语。 【69题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这样做，公司可以帮助员工避免强迫性地保存和存储大量数字数据。根据句意可知，此处表示“能够”，空格处应用情态动词can。 【70题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：另一方面，部分问题在于积累电子数据是如此容易。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，空格处应用that引导表语从句。 【71题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们的手机存储空间相比五年前有了惊人的增长，而且多亏了云存储，我们可以毫不费力地存储海量数据，甚至无需付费。根据“even paying for it”可知，此处表示“无需付费”，空格处应用介词without。 【72题详解】 考查副词。句意：数字囤积可以以多种方式显现，但当它引起焦虑或影响组织和生产力时，就需要被解决了。show up为固定搭配，意为“出现，显现”。 【73题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：数字囤积可以以多种方式显现，但当它引起焦虑或影响组织和生产力时，就需要被解决了。need doing = need to be done，表示“需要被……”，因此可用addressing或to be addressed。 V. Translation 17% Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 74. 扎根于传统中国哲学，太极的一招一式都象征着阴阳调和。（symbolic）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Rooted in traditional Chinese philosophy, every movement of Tai Chi is symbolic of the harmony between yin and yang. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意可知，本句介绍客观常识，用一般现在时。句首表示“扎根于传统中国哲学”为Rooted in traditional Chinese philosophy，过去分词短语作状语；表示“太极的一招一式”为every movement of Tai Chi；表示“象征着阴阳调和”为is symbolic of the harmony between yin and yang，固定搭配be symbolic of表示“象征……”。 75. 与原始族群的游牧生活不同，现代人往往囤积大量无用物品，还赋予其浓厚情感价值。（attach）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Unlike primitive groups that led a nomadic life, modern people tend to hoard a large number of useless items and attach great emotional value to them. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意可知，本句介绍客观常识，主句用一般现在时。句首表示“与原始族群的游牧生活不同”为Unlike primitive groups that led a nomadic life，that引导定语从句修饰groups，从句表达过去的动作，用一般过去时；表示“现代人”为modern people；表示“往往囤积大量无用物品”为 tend to hoard a large number of useless items；表示“赋予其浓厚情感价值”为attach great emotional value to them，固定搭配attach...to...意为“附……至……”。 76. 这批出土于知名考古遗址的文物，涵盖史前陶器至手工珠宝各类器物，现永久珍藏于大英博物馆。（range）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The cultural relics unearthed from the well-known archaeological site, ranging from prehistoric pottery to handmade jewelry, are now permanently preserved in the British Museum. 【解析】 【详解】“这批出土于知名考古遗址的文物”表达为The cultural relics unearthed from the well-known archaeological site，在句中作主语，其中unearthed from the well-known archaeological site“出土于知名考古遗址”作定语，修饰名词The cultural relics，The cultural relics与unearth之间为被动关系，故用过去分词unearthed作后置定语；“现永久珍藏于”表达为are now permanently preserved in，在句中作谓语动词，其中permanently“永久地”为副词作状语，修饰动词be preserved in，主语为The cultural relics，为复数，且时间状语为now，故应用一般现在时are preserved in；“大英博物馆”表达为the British Museum，在句中作宾语；“涵盖史前陶器至手工珠宝各类器物”表达为 ranging from prehistoric pottery to handmade jewelry，为“range from...to...涵盖从……到……”的现在分词形式作定语，修饰主语The cultural relics。 77. 这位哲学家对没有剥削和不公正的社会有着愿景，并将自己的情感和精力投入到教育事业中，但他的主张遭到了冷淡对待。（channel）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The philosopher had a vision of a society free from exploitation and injustice, and channeled his emotions and energy into the cause of education, but his propositions were met with a cold reception. 【解析】 【详解】本句可用一般过去时陈述哲学家的情况；表示“这位哲学家对没有剥削和不公正的社会有着愿景”中，主语“这位哲学家”译为The philosopher，“对……有着愿景”可译为had a vision of，“没有剥削和不公正的社会”译为a society free from exploitation and injustice，其中“free from exploitation and injustice”作后置定语修饰名词society，整合为The philosopher had a vision of a society free from exploitation and injustice；表示“并将自己的情感和精力投入到教育事业中”中，“并”译为and，“把……投入……”是谓语动词，用channeled...into...表示，“自己的情感和精力”译为his emotions and energy，“教育事业”译为the cause of education，整合为and channeled his emotions and energy into the cause of education；“但他的主张遭到了冷淡对待”要翻译成but连接的并列句，“他的主张”译为his propositions，“遭到了”译为be met with，主语是复数名词，be动词要用were，“冷淡对待”译为a cold reception，整合为but his propositions were met with a cold reception。 VI. Summary Writing 10% 78. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gossip has three effects. First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. So, people should consider the effects of gossiping. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传播流言带来的影响。先用对话引出现象，再对产生的三个影响分别作了详细的解释说明，最后提出作者观点——在传播流言之前请三思而行。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip. ②An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. ③That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. ④Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. ⑤The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 2.缜密构思 将1，5两个要点进行概括整理，将2，3，4 三个要点进行梳理。 3.遣词造句 First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. 【点睛】[高分句型1] ：First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. 运用一个简单句对第四段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] ：Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. 运用了动名词作主语对第五段内容进行概括。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市实验学校2025学年第二学期高二英语B6U2-3单元考试 （考试时间：105分钟） 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，请在答题纸上粘贴二维码，请用黑色或蓝黑色水笔答题，不得使用修正液涂改。 3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 4．试卷满分115分。 I. Multiple choice 8% Direction: Choose the BEST answer for the following questions. There is only ONE best answer. 1. At the British Museum, many ancient artifacts with connections ________ lost civilizations are currently ________ display, offering visitors a rare glimpse into how people once lived. A. with, in B. to, on C. with, at D. to, under 2. It is ________ of compulsive hoarders to feel overwhelming anxiety at the mere thought of discarding even trivial items like old magazines or chipped mugs — a behavior widely considered far from ________ by those they keep company. A. normal; characteristic B. characteristic; typical C. typical; normal D. typical; average 3. For people living with hoarding disorders, the ________ urge to cling to every seemingly trivial item leaves them deeply ________ to even gentle suggestions to declutter their overcrowded homes. A. compulsory; reluctant B. compulsive; resistant C. compulsive; reluctant D. compulsory; resistant 4. After retiring, my uncle decided to ________ gardening as a relaxing hobby, but within a year, weeds had completely ________ the backyard, leaving no room for anything else. A. take over; taken up B. take in; taken off C. take off; taken in D. take up; taken over 5. Which underlined “dimension” is the CLOSEST in meaning to the one in the sentence “Her job added a new dimension to her life”? A. The problem has reached dimensions we never expected. B. We need to calculate the exact dimensions of the new building. C. Please measure the dimensions of the box before buying a cover for it. D. The disaster revealed a previously unknown dimension of human courage. 6. Which two of the following sentences are grammatically CORRECT? a. She is strongly opposed to changing the current policy. b. Many residents oppose to build a new factory near the community. c. His opinion is completely opposite to mine on this issue. d. The bank is opposite to the supermarket on Main Street. A. ac B. ad C. bc D. bd 7. Which two of the following sentences are grammatically CORRECT? a. After the flood, the village remained nothing. b. After the flood, nothing remained in the village. c. Convinced that preparation guarantees success, she planned her study schedule well ahead. d. After consulting her tutor, she is convinced of that preparation guarantees success. A. ac B. ad C. bc D. bd 8. How many of the sentences are grammatically CORRECT? a. Mum’s stuffs have spread out everywhere. b. These recordings are a moment for his talent as a pianist. c. Elaine is annoyed by her mother’s junk as she searches a place to do her homework. d. The Rosetta Stone was the key to unlock the language of the ancient Egyptians. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 II. Vocabulary 10% Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. way B. free C. right D. problematic E. intended F. means G. prone H. possessions I. held J. live K. honor Many hoarders don’t see their behavior as disordered, and psychology didn’t either — at first. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the holy book of psychiatric diagnoses, was revised to list severe hoarding as a disorder in its own ____9____. To meet the diagnostic criteria, someone must have acquired an unmanageable, even hazardous number of ____10____ that appear to be useless or of limited value — yet would cause them severe distress if discarded. At first, it was called Collyer’s syndrome, in ____11____ of Homer and Langley Collyer, brothers who, between 1909 and 1947, slowly buried themselves in their family mansion, filling it inch by inch. By mid century, as mass production and a postwar economic boom made it possible for people of modest ____12____ to acquire more and more objects, Collyer’s syndrome became more widespread. Psychologists decided that hoarding must be subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a repeated, ritualized action ____13____ to ward off anxiety. That categorization ____14____ for decades — even though clinical hoarding affects up to 6 percent of the world population, twice as many as OCD. A 2010 review by David Mataix-Cols at King’s College London noted that at least 80 percent of people who engaged in extreme hoarding didn’t meet the criteria for OCD. They were more ____15____ to depression than those with OCD. They struggled more with decision-making. They were much less inclined to recognize their behavior as ____16____. Genetic linkage studies showed a different pattern of heritability than OCD, and brain scans showed a different pattern of activation. Drugs that were successful in treating OCD were not effective for hoarding. Finally, in 2013, hoarding disorder was sprung ____17____ of the OCD category. And it can be connected to an array of causes as motley (混杂) as the stuff that gets hoarded. It shows up on a continuum, spanning everything from an overcluttered home that’s spun out of control. It can extend to the accumulation of ____18____ animals (though that’s a very different proposition). III. Reading comprehension Section A 30% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context. (A) More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life Balance As a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more ___19___ time. Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her ___20___, she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more ___21___ are making. New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to ___22___ opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the ___23___ say there almost always is a main cause, either work- or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more ___24___ job offer. For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better ___25___ situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required ___26___ all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same ___27___ with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.” In the ____28____ to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when ____29____ possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their ____30____ lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of ____31____, including salary, advancement and fulfillment. Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that ____32____. Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs (手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make ____33____ and financial concessions (让步) for work-life balance. 19. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment 20. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution 21. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents 22. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for 23. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort 24. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly 25. A. work B. living C. security D. education 26. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing 27. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule 28. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability 29. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically 30. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern 31. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners 32. A. power B. support C. skill D. control 33. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate (B) Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ____34____ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ____35____ could provide information for ____36____ generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ____37____ were observers rather than researchers. In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ____38____ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ____39____ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ____40____, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ____41____ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities.” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ____42____ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy. Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ____43____, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ____44____ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people — their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ____45____ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ____46____. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ____47____ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ____48____ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities. 34. A. adventuring B. changing C. digging D. evolving 35. A. rituals B. history C. ruins D. science 36. A. lost B. later C. older D. several 37. A. inventors B. scholars C. visitors D. writers 38. A. extensively B. nationwide C. regularly D. broadly 39. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control 40. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Meanwhile 41. A. coined B. considered C. recognized D. used 42. A. created B. developed C. established D. investigated 43. A. countries B. fields C. locations D. ways 44. A. certain B. likely C. ready D. necessary 45. A. honorable B. peaceful C. rural D. recent 46. A. gave away B. gave off C. left behind D. left out 47. A. choosing B. examining C. studying D. protecting 48. A. aware of B. fed up with C. ignorant of D. familiar with Section B 22% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Ever since the discovery of the first pyramid, scientists have wondered how ancient Egyptians built these monumental structures that are visible even from space. There are a number of theories about the construction techniques they used. One question, however, had been left unanswered. Egyptologists had always wondered how workers were able to move the giant stones. These weigh as much as 2.5 tons each, and the mountains from which they were cut were often located hundreds of kilometres away from the pyramid sites. Dragging them on basic wooden sledges, similar to those people use to slide down snow-covered slopes in winter, was the obvious answer. However, to do so would have required superhuman strength against the friction of the desert sand. It now turns out that the workers probably did have some assistance — from ordinary water! What is even more amazing is that the answer the Egyptologists’ puzzle has been staring them in the face for many years, in a wall painting in the tomb of an ancient Egyptian king, or pharaoh. The artwork, which shows a pharaoh being pulled along by a large team of workers, has one significant detail that had so far been misinterpreted — a man pouring water in front of the sledge the pharaoh is being dragged upon. Egyptologists had always thought that the man was performing some kind of religious ceremony. However, some scientists now believe that the water was being poured for a totally different reason. It was to help the sledge move more easily across the sand. This revelation was made by researchers from the University of Amsterdam and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter. The scientists arrived at this conclusion after conducting extensive testing in their laboratory, by sliding a weighted tray across both dry sand and sand that had been mixed with varying amounts of water. In dry sand, heaps formed in front of the tray as it was dragged along. This slowed it down dramatically. However, as the researchers added water, the sand hardened, which helped reduce both the force needed to pull the tray and the friction against it. That’s because the water helps form tiny water bridges, known as capillary bridges, between the sand particles (颗粒), causing them to stick together. The effect of this turns out to be significant. The force required to pull the sledge would have been reduced by as much as 50% as the sand became firmer, which meant that half as many workers were needed to move the heavy stones. 49. Which question about the pyramids is discussed in the passage? A. How the stones arrived at the sites? B. How the capillary bridges were built? C. How water was used in construction? D. How sand worked in their transportation? 50. What inspired scientists to find the answer to the puzzle discussed in the passage? A. The discovery of a worker’s log. B. A mysterious religious ceremony. C. The unexpected experiment result. D. A wall painting in a pharaoh’s tomb. 51. “This revelation” (in paragraph 5) refers to ________. A. the pharaoh’s real power B. the actual role that water played C. the way that the pharaoh was pulled along D. the reason for the misinterpretation of the artwork 52. Capillary bridges made it possible for fewer workers to pull the sledge by reducing ________. A. the mass of the stones B. the firmness of the sand C. the friction against the sledge D. the number of the sand particles (B) From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 53. Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A. B. C. D. 54. Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A. so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B. to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C. as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D. to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 55. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show the development of mapping technology. B. To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C. To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D. To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. (C) The statue of King Leopold II of Belgium that stands in sight of the royal palace in Brussels has been defaced dozens of times in recent years. Activists have painted its hands and eyes red as a reminder of the brutality that Leopold unleashed in the Congo Free State, a territory in central Africa, at the end of the 19th century. As many as 10 million Congolese-or half of the population-might have perished as Europeans forced entire villages to collect rubber and ivory for export. Leopold’s exploitation of Congo was a scandal. In 1908, after years of campaigning by journalists, the Belgian state stripped the king of his private possession. The Belgian Congo joined other European colonies in Africa where wanton（恶意的）extraction was to be replaced by a supposedly civilising mission. Yet though less transparently murderous, the “benign” colonialism of elsewhere was often not that different from what happened under Leopold. A new book, “In the Forest of No Joy”, by J. P. Daughton, an American historian, exposes how forced labour in the French Congo（now the Republic of Congo）, on the other side of the river from Leopold’s possession（now the Democratic Republic）, led to the deaths of tens of thousands of Africans. The book is a masterful, if relentlessly bleak, account of the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railway, a route designed to connect the central African interior to the Atlantic. What makes it so compelling is the divide it exposes between the often admirable intentions of colonial bureaucrats, who did genuinely think they were lifting Africans out of poverty, and the grim reality that they enabled. The application of “modern” government to conquered people could be almost as savage as plunder（掠夺）, Mr Daughton shows. The railway was the idea of Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazza, an Italian-born French explorer who conquered much of central Africa for France “by exclusively peaceful means”. The French state imagined itself as a bringer of civilisation to Africa, and the railway was to provide a way for the Congolese to take part in world trade. Yet Mr Daughton shows how the colonial administration in Congo had little capacity to build a railway without violence: it claimed to be recruiting paid volunteers while its agents forced Africans to work at gunpoint. Many were marched hundreds of kilometres to the tracks chained at the neck, as slaves had been a century before. Whatever work had to be done, reported Albert Londres, a French journalist, “it’s captives who do it.” Surprisingly, the French state documented these abuses diligently（the archives provide the source of much of Mr Daughton’s information）. In 1926 one inspector, Jean-Noel-Paul Pegourier, compared the treatment of workers on the railway to the German genocide of the Herero in Namibia before the first world war. Yet unlike the reports of Leopold’s abuses, these observations had little effect, not least because orders issued from Paris or even Brazzaville were simply ignored. Raphael Antonetti, the colonial governor, fought back with an avalanche of legalese. The railway was a masterpiece of engineering, as Mr Daughton readily admits. For decades it provided the only means of transporting goods within Congo. The wealth of Brazzaville, still so named, was built on it. In Britain and France, the infrastructure bequeathed to former colonies is often cited as an argument for its benefits. But to build it, a weak and stingy state had to rely on brutality. As Mr Daughton reports, “the Congo-Ocean provides an all too-useful case in point for how the language of humanity could be invoked to explain the deaths of thousands.” 56. According to the passage, King Leopold was infamous for ________. A. taking possession of the private belongings of 10 million Congolese by killing them B. reviving slavery by illegally transporting the native Congo villagers to Europe C. being physically handicapped by people in the Congo Free State for his cruel governance D. his tyrannical and exploitative behaviors imposing forced labor on the Congolese 57. Which of the following statements will Mr Daughton probably disagree with? A. European bureaucrats’ intention to bring prosperity to the Africans led to unintended consequences. B. The African workers involved in the railway construction were enslaved and ill-treated. C. Despite being crowned as a masterpiece of engineering, the railway is of little benefit to local people. D. Some colonists led no better lives when governed by civilized leaders than by tyrants. 58. Why did the documents made by the French state about the construction workers’ being abused barely contribute to improving the condition? A. Because the local governor turned a blind eye to the instructions given by higher officials. B. Because some of the descriptions were groundless and denied by the inspector on the site. C. Because the local agents fought back by filing a lawsuit against the alleged documents. D. Because the workers on the railway were contracted volunteers though being treated cruelly. 59. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. A Brief History of Forced Labor B. Blood on the Tracks C. Treasure of Colonialism D. The Vanishing Humanity Section C 8% Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What specifically can you do to increase learning when faced with stress at work? Start internally. ___60___ When stress emerges, change the message you tell yourself from “this is a stressful work assignment/situation” to “this is a challenging but rewarding opportunity to learn.” Interpreting stressful tasks as learning possibilities shifts your mindset and better prepares you to approach the task with an orientation toward growth and longer-term gains. Work and learn with others. Instead of struggling with a stressful challenge solely in your own head, try to get input from others. Getting out and discussing a stressor with your peers and colleagues might reveal hidden insights, either from their experience or from the questions and perspectives they raise. ___61___ Alongside purely relaxing breaks — either short ones like meditating or longer ones like taking days off — consider recasting learning itself as a break from your routine tasks at work. This might seem like a mere mental rebranding, but if a learning activity allows you to divert from the type of effort you use in regular work activities (e.g., numeric thinking, interacting with clients), and if the activity also fits your real interests, it can refill you psychologically. ___62___ However, approaching it as a form of pause can make it more appealing and more likely to create positive, enjoyable experiences. Embracing learning can be a more active way to cushion yourself from negative effects of stress at work. ___63___ Even without pressing problems, engaging in learning as a central feature of your work life will help you build personal resources and equip you to be resilient and prepared in navigating future stress at work. A. Viewing learning as “more work” will make it less attractive in an already stressful situation. B. Simply practice “buckle down and power through” to focus on getting the stressful work done. C. Temporarily disconnect from work and get “work breaks” from the stressful environment. D. At the same time, there is no need to wait for stress to arise before seeking learning opportunities. E. Craft learning activities as a new form of “work break.” F. Practice reframing stressful work challenges in your mind. IV. Grammar 10% Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy, ____64____ (clutter) homes and difficulty parting with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital realm. Types of Digital Hoarders Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, data hoarding or cyber hoarding, is excessive acquisition and reluctance to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Digital files, folders, music, movies, computer programs, and even the “friends” ____65____ we keep on social media are also forms of digital clutter. Researchers ____66____ (categorize) digital hoarders into 4 different types, as per their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, systematic and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders” are disorganized, don’t know what they have, and don’t have control over it. The “compliant hoarder” keeps data on behalf of their company. Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ties to their data — and are worried about deleting it. How to Tackle Digital Hoarding ____67____ hoarding is often associated with anxiety and insecurity, addressing the source of these negative emotions may alleviate hoarding behaviours. Workplaces can do more here, by reducing non-essential email traffic, making it very clear ____68____ information should be retained or discarded. In doing so, companies ____69____ help workers to avoid the compulsion to obsessively save and store the bulk of their digital data. On the other hand, part of the problem is ____70____ it’s so easy to accumulate electronic data. Our phones have an incredible amount of storage space compared with just five years ago, and thanks to cloud storage, we can effortlessly store a mind-boggling amount of data ____71____ even paying for it. Therefore, it is important to organize and pare down your digital files. Digital hoarding can show ____72____ in many ways but when it causes anxiety or issues with organization and productivity then it needs ____73____ (address). Digital clutter can be draining and stressful for some people. By organizing and getting rid of useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and declutter their own mind as well. V. Translation 17% Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 74. 扎根于传统中国哲学，太极的一招一式都象征着阴阳调和。（symbolic）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 75. 与原始族群的游牧生活不同，现代人往往囤积大量无用物品，还赋予其浓厚情感价值。（attach）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 76. 这批出土于知名考古遗址的文物，涵盖史前陶器至手工珠宝各类器物，现永久珍藏于大英博物馆。（range）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 77. 这位哲学家对没有剥削和不公正的社会有着愿景，并将自己的情感和精力投入到教育事业中，但他的主张遭到了冷淡对待。（channel）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ VI. Summary Writing 10% 78. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $