专题06 概要写作（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文、记叙文、议论文三大语篇类型，通过13篇精选模拟题系统训练概要写作核心能力，强化语言理解与思维概括的统一。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文|4篇（上海安亭中学等）|考查说明对象及主要原因/机制（如动物灭绝因素、淋浴激发创造力原理）|遵循"现象-原因-影响"逻辑链，培养客观信息提炼能力| |记叙文|3篇（上海青浦高三等）|要求概括事件要素（起因、经过、结果）及人物特征|依托"时间-事件-意义"叙事线索，提升叙事逻辑梳理能力| |议论文|6篇（上海松江等）|需提炼论点及核心论据（如秘密的心理代价、帮助行为与大脑老化）|紧扣"论点-论据-结论"论证结构，发展批判性思维与观点概括能力|

专题06 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（4篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海安亭高级中学・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animal’s homes. If the animals can’t find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fishes are poisoned. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can’t lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can’t learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （2026 上海安亭高级中学・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Taking a shower is relaxing. You can sing a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But do you know that showering can also benefit your mind? A piece of research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US, interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work. So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it. Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine (多巴胺), a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity. “People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine,” explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring the ‘Aha!’ moment to us.” Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson，author of Your Creative Brain, a showering hour may turn into an“incubation (孵化) period”for your ideas. Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily lives. When showering，we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity (湿度). “New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman.“Getting off the couch and jumping into the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view.” Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, which makes the bathroom an alternative where you get your inspiration. So next time you consider ways to free your mind, count it in. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （2026 福建省三明市・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A trip to a water park can be a fun adventure for families, couples or a group of friends. Whether you prefer relaxing in a tube on a lazy river or riding a water roller coaster, a trip to one of the nation's water parks offers something exciting to everyone. However, the fun does not come without risks. People who plan to go to a water park should be careful enough and follow rules to avoid these risks. Drowning (溺水) is one of the greatest dangers in water parks, especially for young children. The ability to swim is the most important skill in a water park. Before you go to a water park, make sure that all the people in your group know how to swim well. Do not swim in water that does not have a lifeguard on the scene. Many parks provide life jackets for free - do prepare some in case some people need them. People usually choose to go to water parks on clear sunny days, which means that they are easy to get sun burnt, or even get heatstroke. Most of the water parks are open areas with little shelter or few buildings to block the sun, so it can be dangerous for people who have fair and sensitive (敏感的) skin to spend a whole day there. Be sure to wear a hat and a shirt with sleeves over your bathing suit while you are walking around. In rare cases, water park guests may be subjected to polluted water. Some illnesses are easily spread in such situation. The most common cause of water pollution is small children who are not old enough to go to the toilet. Water parks have been trying their best to avoid the spread of diseases. However, pollution is still possible. Guests can protect themselves by trying not to swallow any water and washing their hands after playing with shallow and still water. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 （2026 上海综合检测・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hibernation is a time when animals “sleep” through cold weather. With true hibernation, the animal can be moved around or touched without knowing it. Some animals only go into a temporary sleep time and can get up quickly like bears. We are going to use the word “sleep” sometimes, but hibernation is different from regular sleep. With normal sleep, the animal moves a little, has an active brain, and can wake up very quickly while with true hibernation, the animal appears as if dead. During the fall, hibernating animals eat more food than usual. Their bodies will live off their body fat as they “sleep” through winter. The animal will use up the body fat it stores and not lose any muscle. This causes the animal to come out of hibernation thinner but still as strong as it was in the fall. The animals get their winter nests, and dens ready. Different kinds of animals hibernate in different kinds of safe spots. When they go into hibernation and their bodies slow down, enemies can get them more easily. They try to pick the safest place to spend the winter away from these enemies. Hibernation is the way that animals adapt to the climate and land around them. Animals must be able to live through extreme cold or die. Animals hibernate-or go into a deep sleep-to escape that cold. They also do this because it is really hard to find food during the winter. When an animal begins to hibernate, its body temperature drops to a very low degree so that it almost matches the temperature outside. The animal's heartbeat and breathing rate slow down, too. This is when that stored fat that the animal packed on in the fall comes in handy. This stored fat lasts long because their bodies are slowed down so much that they don't need much energy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语篇类型二: 记叙文（3篇） Passage 1 （2018年上海市青浦区高三上学期期末） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task. But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes, extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet. One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （2025年上海市七宝中学） Above the little town, thin clouds moved slowly across the sky. Tree branches shifted in the wind, and leaves brushed against one another with a dry, faint sound. By the lake, ripples travelled over the water and faded among the reeds at the shore. On the farms beyond the houses, horses kept their heads low in the grass, while cows and sheep stood apart across the open ground. Along the narrow stone road, fences threw broken shadows, and from a few chimneys smoke rose into the air in pale, wavering threads. But all this ended abruptly. The first interruption came when a delivery truck overturned in the middle of the town. Boxes split open on the ground, and fruit, bottles, and paper packages were thrown across the road. People ran out from nearby shops, while the driver climbed out in shock and stared at the mess around him. The accident soon caused a serious traffic jam in the town centre. Cars stood bumper to bumper along the narrow street, and impatient drivers began pressing their horns again and again. Even people on foot found it difficult to pass. as the crowd, the fallen goods, and the waiting vehicles had turned the area into a knot of confusion. Yet the town had scarcely begun to settle again when another unease, subtler at first, passed from door to door. Curtains were drawn aside. Heads appeared at windows. Beyond the far end of the lake, a thin line of smoke had begun to rise, and soon a red glow showed itself behind the trees. Before long, flames were seen climbing up the side of an old warehouse. The accident caused enormous economic loss to the family who owned the building. Much of their stored grain was destroyed, several pieces of farming equipment were damaged beyond repair, and a large supply of animal feed was reduced to ash. With their grain, tools and supplies ruined, the family faced serious difficulty in carrying on their work. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”. From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece. Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention. In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives. Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 1 （2025 上海市松江区上海外国语大学附属外国语） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Secrecy It is no secret that we all have secrets. Maintaining them can be draining, but not for the reason most researchers have long assumed. A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a novel explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. And that hurts us by making us feel inauthentic, even when we are alone. Michael Slepian, a psychologist at Columbia Business School, and his colleagues recently reported their findings in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In six studies, they surveyed a total of 1,200 Americans online — as well as 312 people picnicking in New York City’s Central Park — regarding 38 categories of behavior that are often kept secret. In five of these studies, respondents said they were currently hiding information in about 13 of these categories on average (including about five secrets they were keeping from everyone). The most common secrets were extra-relational thoughts (thinking about being with another person while already in a relationship) and romantic desire (while being single). What was the most important finding in Michael’s research? People reported that when they were not interacting with anyone, they thought about their secrets about twice as often as they actively concealed them in conversation. The more frequently their mind wandered to a secret, the more they said it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they felt. Surprisingly, active concealment had no effect on well-being at all — in contrast to previous assumptions. Four additional studies, all involving couples and conducted online, produced similar findings. If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding dwelling on it by practising mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous online forums. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （2025 上海市建平中学） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Bridging the gap: from classroom to workplace For all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot ot time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions. An employee who is facing a problem at work, for example, needs to be able to identify different solutions, select the best course of action, and explain his choice to others. Finally, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks (tests, homework, and projects) and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. How can we better prepare young adults for the work place? It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （2026高考英语二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Myth of Short-Term Memory Short-term memory contains the contents of your thoughts right now, including what you intend to do in the next few seconds. Actually, it is doing some mental calculations. You may think about what you’ll say next in a conversation or walk to the hall closet with the intention of getting a pair of gloves. Short-term memory is easily disturbed or disrupted. It depends on your active attention to the items in the “next thing to do” file in your mind. You do this by thinking about them, perhaps repeating them over and over again (“I’m going to the closet to get gloves”). But any distraction — a new thought, someone asking you a question, the telephone ringing — can disrupt your short-term memory by interfering with this attentional maintenance process. Our ability to automatically restore the contents of our short-term memory declines slightly with every decade after 30. But age is not the major factor so commonly assumed. I’ve been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and I can say that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors — loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the necessary No. 2 pencil; they forget something I had just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do. The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds don’t think, “Oh, dear, this must be early-onset brain damage.” They think, “I really need to get more than four hours of sleep.” The 70-year-old observes these same events and worries about her brain health. This is not to say that brain damage-related memory impairments are fiction. Instead, every failure of short-term memory doesn’t necessarily indicate a biological disorder. In the absence of brain disease, most research findings indicate that even the oldest adults show little or no memory or cognitive decline beyond age 85 and 90. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 （2026上海市松江区） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 （2026上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Defense of Oversharing Think about an ordinary day. You feel annoyed after a meeting but say nothing. You pull back from a friend who said something that hurt you, without explaining why. We rarely even consider that revealing a personal truth is an option. And when we do, we tend to think about it in an unfair way: We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. Imagine you are considering whether to tell a friend that their comment hurt you. You will probably worry that your friend might get defensive, feel awkward, or think you’re being oversensitive. What’s less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent: lingering resentment(怨恨), a pattern of emotional distance, or a pattern of misunderstandings that slowly hurts the relationship. This skew (偏差) makes a certain psychological sense. The social costs of revealing are often immediate and instinctive: an awkward pause, a fleeting look of discomfort. These moments threaten and teach us quickly what to avoid. The benefits of revealing, by contrast — corrected assumptions, increased trust, a feeling of being known — tend to unfold quietly and over time. They’re harder to feel in the moment, which makes them easy to discount. But the problem runs deeper than individual psychology. The very way we talk about oversharing is flawed. We treat revealing as a personality trait — something you either have or don’t. You’re either “the kind of person who overshares,” or not. But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. Treating revealing as a skill makes it less scary. Skills can be learned. They can be done imperfectly without being disastrous. And perhaps most importantly, appreciating the benefits of revealing usually requires actually doing it. Silence never teaches us what might have happened if we had spoken. Only revealing does. For most people, getting better at this skill doesn’t mean turning every interaction into a confessional(坦白). It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, and naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don’t feel. These are not grand acts of vulnerability. They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 6 （2026上海市青浦区二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. “Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist. To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species. Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten. The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse. Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（4篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海安亭高级中学・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animal’s homes. If the animals can’t find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fishes are poisoned. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can’t lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can’t learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the past 200 years people have caused many animals to became extinct. They destroyed animals’ homes or killed them as hunters. Today, they kill hawks and wolves and pollute rivers, making some animals become rare. Besides, the changes in climate may lead to some animals becoming extinct by removing the food they eat. (54 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了一些动物灭绝的原因。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In the past two hundred years, people have caused many kinds of animals to die out. ② People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals’ homes. ③Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. ④Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. ⑤Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler. drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there anymore. 2. 缜密构思 将第一个要点和第三个要点进行同义改写，将第二个要点进行改写，将第四个和第五个要点进行重组改写。 3. 遣词造句 【点睛】【高分句型1】Today, they kill hawks and wolves and pollute rivers, making some animals become rare. (运用了现在分词作状语，运用了不带to的不定式作宾补) 【高分句型2】Besides, the changes in climate may lead to some animals becoming extinct by removing the food they eat. (运用了动名词作宾语) Passage 2 （2026 上海安亭高级中学・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Taking a shower is relaxing. You can sing a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But do you know that showering can also benefit your mind? A piece of research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US, interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work. So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it. Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine (多巴胺), a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity. “People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine,” explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring the ‘Aha!’ moment to us.” Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson，author of Your Creative Brain, a showering hour may turn into an“incubation (孵化) period”for your ideas. Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily lives. When showering，we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity (湿度). “New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman.“Getting off the couch and jumping into the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view.” Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, which makes the bathroom an alternative where you get your inspiration. So next time you consider ways to free your mind, count it in. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Showering is of great benefit to our mind. It is found that taking a shower helps raise the level of dopamine and inspire new ideas. Showering can also provide a new, unexpected and fresh experience that can make it possible to stop thinking about what we are stuck with, resulting in positive changes in thinking. So if you want to have a change and get new ideas, go for a shower. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洗澡对我们的头脑有很大的好处。研究发现，洗澡有助于提高多巴胺水平，激发新想法。同时，洗澡还可以提供一种全新的、意想不到的、新鲜的体验，让我们有可能停止思考我们困在其中的东西，从而产生积极的思维变化。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①But do you know that showering can also benefit your mind? A piece of research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US, interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work. ②Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine (多巴胺), a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity. ③Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. ④Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, which makes the bathroom an alternative where you get your inspiration. So next time you consider ways to free your mind, count it in. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点重组作为主题句，将第2、3两个要点重组作为分论点，第4个要点重组作为作为结语。 3.遣词造句 Showering is of great benefit to our mind. It is found that taking a shower helps raise the level of dopamine and inspire new ideas. Showering can also provide a new, unexpected and fresh experience that can make it possible to stop thinking about what we are stuck with, resulting in positive changes in thinking. So if you want to have a change and get new ideas, go for a shower. 【点睛】[高分句型1]  It is found that taking a shower helps raise the level of dopamine and inspire new ideas.运用了that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语，表达高级。 [高分句型2] Showering can also provide a new, unexpected and fresh experience that can make it possible to stop thinking about what we are stuck with, resulting in positive changes in thinking.运用that引导的定语从句以及what引导的宾语从句，表达非常高级。 Passage 3 （2026 福建省三明市・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A trip to a water park can be a fun adventure for families, couples or a group of friends. Whether you prefer relaxing in a tube on a lazy river or riding a water roller coaster, a trip to one of the nation's water parks offers something exciting to everyone. However, the fun does not come without risks. People who plan to go to a water park should be careful enough and follow rules to avoid these risks. Drowning (溺水) is one of the greatest dangers in water parks, especially for young children. The ability to swim is the most important skill in a water park. Before you go to a water park, make sure that all the people in your group know how to swim well. Do not swim in water that does not have a lifeguard on the scene. Many parks provide life jackets for free - do prepare some in case some people need them. People usually choose to go to water parks on clear sunny days, which means that they are easy to get sun burnt, or even get heatstroke. Most of the water parks are open areas with little shelter or few buildings to block the sun, so it can be dangerous for people who have fair and sensitive (敏感的) skin to spend a whole day there. Be sure to wear a hat and a shirt with sleeves over your bathing suit while you are walking around. In rare cases, water park guests may be subjected to polluted water. Some illnesses are easily spread in such situation. The most common cause of water pollution is small children who are not old enough to go to the toilet. Water parks have been trying their best to avoid the spread of diseases. However, pollution is still possible. Guests can protect themselves by trying not to swallow any water and washing their hands after playing with shallow and still water. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Visiting a water park can be interesting but sometimes dangerous. To avoid the dangers, people should obey some regulations. (要点1) First, mastering the swimming skill is significant for water park visitors. Moreover, don't swim without a lifeguard on the spot. (要点2) Besides, to protect yourself from the sun, you need to wear proper clothes. (要点3) Additionally, avoid swallowing polluted water accidentally and remember to clean your hands immediately after playing in the water. (要点4) (70 words) 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，去水上公园游玩很有趣，但也有危险，为避免危险，作者提出几点建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A trip to a water park can be a fun adventure for families, couples or a group of friends. ②However, the fun does not come without risks. ③The ability to swim is the most important skill in a water park. ④Do not swim in water that does not have a lifeguard on the scene. ⑤so it can be dangerous for people who have fair and sensitive (敏感的) skin to spend a whole day there. Be sure to wear a hat and a shirt with sleeves over your bathing suit while you are walking around. ⑥ Guests can protect themselves by trying not to swallow any water and washing their hands after playing with shallow and still water. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行合并，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Visiting a water park can be interesting but sometimes dangerous. First, mastering the swimming skill is significant for water park visitors. Moreover, don't swim without a lifeguard on the spot. Besides, to protect yourself from the sun, you need to wear proper clothes. Additionally, avoid swallowing polluted water accidentally and remember to clean your hands immediately after playing in the water. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Visiting a water park can be interesting but sometimes dangerous. （运用动名词短语作主语。） [高分句型2]：Besides, to protect yourself from the sun, you need to wear proper clothes. （运用动词不定式作目的状语） Passage 4 （2026 上海综合检测・高一下） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hibernation is a time when animals “sleep” through cold weather. With true hibernation, the animal can be moved around or touched without knowing it. Some animals only go into a temporary sleep time and can get up quickly like bears. We are going to use the word “sleep” sometimes, but hibernation is different from regular sleep. With normal sleep, the animal moves a little, has an active brain, and can wake up very quickly while with true hibernation, the animal appears as if dead. During the fall, hibernating animals eat more food than usual. Their bodies will live off their body fat as they “sleep” through winter. The animal will use up the body fat it stores and not lose any muscle. This causes the animal to come out of hibernation thinner but still as strong as it was in the fall. The animals get their winter nests, and dens ready. Different kinds of animals hibernate in different kinds of safe spots. When they go into hibernation and their bodies slow down, enemies can get them more easily. They try to pick the safest place to spend the winter away from these enemies. Hibernation is the way that animals adapt to the climate and land around them. Animals must be able to live through extreme cold or die. Animals hibernate-or go into a deep sleep-to escape that cold. They also do this because it is really hard to find food during the winter. When an animal begins to hibernate, its body temperature drops to a very low degree so that it almost matches the temperature outside. The animal's heartbeat and breathing rate slow down, too. This is when that stored fat that the animal packed on in the fall comes in handy. This stored fat lasts long because their bodies are slowed down so much that they don't need much energy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The article begins with how true hibernation differs from normal sleep. To get prepared for hibernation,animals eat much to store fat and find spots to ensure the security of hibernation. The reason why animals hibernate is their adaptation to the climate and surroundings. Finally,it tells us what hibernation is like concerning body temperature,heartbeat and breathing rate. 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。短文阐述了动物冬眠的有关情况。 【详解】1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2．划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。 第二步：写作步骤 1.    浏览课文，找出主题：动物的冬眠。 2.    分析文章的结构，把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为四部分。第一部分：冬眠与正常睡眠的不同：The article begins with how true hibernation differs from normal sleep.。第二部分：冬眠前的准备：To get prepared for hibernation, animals eat much to store fat and find spots to ensure the security of hibernation.。第三部分：动物冬眠的原因：The reason why animals hibernate is their adaptation to the climate and surroundings.。第四部分：动物冬眠涉及到的一些生理现象：it tells us what hibernation is like concerning body temperature, heartbeat and breathing rate.。 【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: To get prepared for hibernation, animals eat much to store fat and find spots to ensure the security of hibernation. 使用了不定式做目的状语；The reason why animals hibernate is their adaptation to the climate and surroundings. 使用了why引导的定语从句； Finally, it tells us what hibernation is like concerning body temperature, heartbeat and breathing rate. 使用了what引导的宾语从句；高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。 语篇类型二: 记叙文（3篇） Passage 1 （2018年上海市青浦区高三上学期期末） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task. But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes, extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet. One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A: The writer set a goal of reading 195 books from 195 countries in a year. He received great help from fans of his blog, though it was hard to obtain all the books. However, the process of reading proved rewarding. Not only did he broaden his horizon, but he became familiar with the places and identified with the people there. B: Attempting to read a book from 195 states in a year, I appealed to the people worldwide in a blog for their suggestions. With their generous offer and enthusiastic responses, I started to read the books recommended, which opened a new world for me and changed my thinking. Most importantly, these books brings the real world closer to me. C: I challenged myself to read books from 195 countries in a year. Having difficulty finding all the books, I sought worldwide help, which was greeted with enthusiastic responses. The whole experience turned out rewarding. Not only did I feel connected to the world but the exposure to different people’s life and feelings brought the real world closer to me. 【来源】2018年上海市青浦区高三上学期期末（一模）（含听力）英语试题 【分析】本文是先阅读短文，然后根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。考生要认真审题，把握文章中心，明确写作要点。文章主要介绍了自己设定了在一年内阅读195本来自195个国家的书籍的目标，并在网友的帮助下完成了目标，阅读不仅开阔了视野，还拉近了自己与现实世界的距离。 【详解】第一段讲述了作者设定的目标是在一年内阅读195本来自195个国家的书籍，开设了博客，并呼吁大家给他推荐一些可以用英语阅读的书籍。第二段讲述了尽管很难买到所有的书，但他从博客的粉丝那里得到了很大的帮助。第三段主要讲阅读的过程被证明是有益的，这些书为作者打开了一个新的世界，改变作者的观点。第四段讲了拉近了与现实世界的距离。作过程中注意一些句式和短语的使用，并注意一些连接词和过渡句，使上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。最后认真检查是否有漏写要点，有无拼写错误，以及标点错误。尽量使用熟悉的单词句式，同时注意使用高级词汇和句型为文章增色。 Passage 2 （2025年上海市七宝中学） Above the little town, thin clouds moved slowly across the sky. Tree branches shifted in the wind, and leaves brushed against one another with a dry, faint sound. By the lake, ripples travelled over the water and faded among the reeds at the shore. On the farms beyond the houses, horses kept their heads low in the grass, while cows and sheep stood apart across the open ground. Along the narrow stone road, fences threw broken shadows, and from a few chimneys smoke rose into the air in pale, wavering threads. But all this ended abruptly. The first interruption came when a delivery truck overturned in the middle of the town. Boxes split open on the ground, and fruit, bottles, and paper packages were thrown across the road. People ran out from nearby shops, while the driver climbed out in shock and stared at the mess around him. The accident soon caused a serious traffic jam in the town centre. Cars stood bumper to bumper along the narrow street, and impatient drivers began pressing their horns again and again. Even people on foot found it difficult to pass. as the crowd, the fallen goods, and the waiting vehicles had turned the area into a knot of confusion. Yet the town had scarcely begun to settle again when another unease, subtler at first, passed from door to door. Curtains were drawn aside. Heads appeared at windows. Beyond the far end of the lake, a thin line of smoke had begun to rise, and soon a red glow showed itself behind the trees. Before long, flames were seen climbing up the side of an old warehouse. The accident caused enormous economic loss to the family who owned the building. Much of their stored grain was destroyed, several pieces of farming equipment were damaged beyond repair, and a large supply of animal feed was reduced to ash. With their grain, tools and supplies ruined, the family faced serious difficulty in carrying on their work. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The peaceful town was disturbed by several accidents. A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town. Apart from that, an old warehouse was caught in fire, causing a huge economic loss to the owner’s family. As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍说这个宁静的小镇遭到了几起事故的干扰。一辆送货卡车侧翻，导致镇中心出现了严重的交通堵塞。除此之外，一座老旧的仓库起火了，给主人一家造成了巨大的经济损失。因此，这家人很难应对日常工作。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The first interruption came when a delivery truck overturned in the middle of the town. The accident soon caused a serious traffic jam in the town centre. ②Before long, flames were seen climbing up the side of an old warehouse. The accident caused enormous economic loss to the family who owned the building. ③With their grain, tools and supplies ruined, the family faced serious difficulty in carrying on their work.④ 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The peaceful town was disturbed by several accidents. A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town. Apart from that, an old warehouse was caught in fire, causing a huge economic loss to the owner’s family. As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2] As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work.(运用了动名词短语作宾语) Passage 3 Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”. From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece. Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention. In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives. Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Babe Didrikson Zaharias achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She loved sports when she was young. At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. Since 1932, she had won important championships in the golf. She was one of the greatest athletes of all time. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了有史以来最伟大的运动员之一Babe Didrikson Zaharias的运动历程。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf.   ②From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. ③Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏). ④In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将总结性语句放在文章最后。将2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 From a young age, She loved sports. At the 1932 Olympic Games, won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, by which she gained fame. 【点睛】【高分句型1】She loved sports when she was young.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中when引导了时间状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中which引导的定语从句，修饰主句，表达非常高级。 Passage 1 （2025 上海市松江区上海外国语大学附属外国语） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Hidden Cost of Secrecy It is no secret that we all have secrets. Maintaining them can be draining, but not for the reason most researchers have long assumed. A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a novel explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. And that hurts us by making us feel inauthentic, even when we are alone. Michael Slepian, a psychologist at Columbia Business School, and his colleagues recently reported their findings in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In six studies, they surveyed a total of 1,200 Americans online — as well as 312 people picnicking in New York City’s Central Park — regarding 38 categories of behavior that are often kept secret. In five of these studies, respondents said they were currently hiding information in about 13 of these categories on average (including about five secrets they were keeping from everyone). The most common secrets were extra-relational thoughts (thinking about being with another person while already in a relationship) and romantic desire (while being single). What was the most important finding in Michael’s research? People reported that when they were not interacting with anyone, they thought about their secrets about twice as often as they actively concealed them in conversation. The more frequently their mind wandered to a secret, the more they said it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they felt. Surprisingly, active concealment had no effect on well-being at all — in contrast to previous assumptions. Four additional studies, all involving couples and conducted online, produced similar findings. If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding dwelling on it by practising mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous online forums. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】     A new study redefines secrecy as the wish to hide information rather than active hiding. Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. Researchers suggest mindfulness or anonymous online talks to ease related troubles. 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项新研究重新定义了秘密，指出反复回想秘密比刻意隐瞒更伤害身心健康，调查显示人们常有各类情感秘密，并给出缓解秘密带来困扰的相关建议。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①A new study redefines “secrecy” itself and offers a novel explanation for its known link to depression, anxiety and poor overall health. ②The researchers suggest that secrecy is primarily the intention to conceal information, regardless of any active concealment around others. ③The most common secrets were extra-relational thoughts (thinking about being with another person while already in a relationship) and romantic desire (while being single). ④The more frequently their mind wandered to a secret, the more they said it damaged their well-being and the less healthy they felt. ⑤If you must keep a secret, Slepian suggests avoiding dwelling on it by practising mindfulness or by discussing the forbidden topic in anonymous online forums. 2.缜密构思 将第1句作为问题描述，第2、4句整合为问题危害，第3句描述普遍现状，第5句作为建议。 3.遣词造句 A new study redefines secrecy as the intention to hide information instead of active hiding. Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. Researchers suggest mindfulness or anonymous online talks to ease related troubles. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. (运用了instead of连接的并列动名词短语作主语) 【高分句型2】Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. (运用了find+宾语+宾补结构) Passage 2 （2025 上海市建平中学） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Bridging the gap: from classroom to workplace For all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot ot time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions. An employee who is facing a problem at work, for example, needs to be able to identify different solutions, select the best course of action, and explain his choice to others. Finally, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks (tests, homework, and projects) and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. How can we better prepare young adults for the work place? It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace. First, workplace circumstances are constantly changing and more uncertain. Besides, they are often required to think critically and make own decisions to solve problems. Finally, they must interact and cooperate with workmates to achieve success. Students are advised to do more volunteering work to tackle this transition. 【导语】文章主要介绍许多大学毕业生发现很难适应职场生活的原因。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①For all the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. ②Writer and editor Joseph Lewis believes that most of our school experiences are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. ③Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot ot time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions. ④In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. ⑤It is suggested that students should do an internship while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital or government organization, for example, can help them gain experience and learn skills. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组作为总说，将第2、3、4三个要点分别重组作为分说，将第5个要点重组作为建议和结语。 3.遣词造句 Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace. First, workplace circumstances are constantly changing and more uncertain. Besides, they are often required to think critically and make own decisions to solve problems. Finally, they must interact and cooperate with workmates to achieve success. Students are advised to do more volunteering work to tackle this transition. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace.(运用形式宾语it，不定式作真正宾语的句型对第一段内容总结，表达高级) [高分句型2] Students are advised to do more volunteering work to deal with this transition.(运用不定式作目的状语和不定式做宾语补足语，对最后一段内容进行总结，表达高级)。 Passage 3 （2026高考英语二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Myth of Short-Term Memory Short-term memory contains the contents of your thoughts right now, including what you intend to do in the next few seconds. Actually, it is doing some mental calculations. You may think about what you’ll say next in a conversation or walk to the hall closet with the intention of getting a pair of gloves. Short-term memory is easily disturbed or disrupted. It depends on your active attention to the items in the “next thing to do” file in your mind. You do this by thinking about them, perhaps repeating them over and over again (“I’m going to the closet to get gloves”). But any distraction — a new thought, someone asking you a question, the telephone ringing — can disrupt your short-term memory by interfering with this attentional maintenance process. Our ability to automatically restore the contents of our short-term memory declines slightly with every decade after 30. But age is not the major factor so commonly assumed. I’ve been teaching undergraduates for my entire career and I can say that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors — loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the necessary No. 2 pencil; they forget something I had just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds do. The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds don’t think, “Oh, dear, this must be early-onset brain damage.” They think, “I really need to get more than four hours of sleep.” The 70-year-old observes these same events and worries about her brain health. This is not to say that brain damage-related memory impairments are fiction. Instead, every failure of short-term memory doesn’t necessarily indicate a biological disorder. In the absence of brain disease, most research findings indicate that even the oldest adults show little or no memory or cognitive decline beyond age 85 and 90. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【答案01】 Short-term memory is fragile and easily disrupted. While this ability declines slightly with age, age itself is not the main cause of errors, as younger people make similar mistakes. The key difference lies in perception: the young attribute lapses to lifestyle, whereas the elderly often fear brain damage. In healthy individuals, significant cognitive decline is minimal even in old age.  (60 words) 【答案02】 Short-term memory holds our present thoughts and tasks and can be easily disturbed by different distractions around us. It declines slightly after age 30, but age is not the main cause of memory mistakes. Young people also make similar errors, and the real difference is people’s attitudes toward them, not actual biological disorders. 【导语】文章介绍了短期记忆的功能、易受干扰的特点，指出其在30岁后略有下降，但年龄并非出错主因，真正差异在于人们对错误的态度而非生理问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Short-term memory contains the contents of your thoughts right now. ②Short-term memory is easily disturbed or disrupted. ③Our ability to automatically restore the contents of our short-term memory declines slightly with every decade after 30. ④But age is not the major factor so commonly assumed. ⑤I can say that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors. ⑥The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. ⑦ In the absence of brain disease, most research findings indicate that even the oldest adults show little or no memory or cognitive decline beyond age 85 and 90. 2.缜密构思 将①②整合，说明短期记忆的定义；将③④⑤合并，指出短期记忆随着年龄增长会下降，年龄不是主因，年轻人同样会出现记忆失误；将⑥⑦作为结尾，点明核心差异在于态度，对于身体健康的人而言，即便到了老年，显著的认知衰退也微乎其微。 3.遣词造句 Short-term memory, is fragile and easily disrupted. While this ability declines slightly with age, age itself is not the main cause of errors, as younger people make similar mistakes. The key difference lies in perception: the young attribute lapses to lifestyle, whereas the elderly often fear brain damage. In healthy individuals, significant cognitive decline is minimal even in old age. 【点睛】【高分句型】】 1While this ability declines slightly with age, age itself is not the main cause of errors, as younger people make similar mistakes.(运用了while引导让步状语从句，as引导原因状语从句) 【高分句型 2】The key difference lies in perception: the young attribute lapses to lifestyle, whereas the elderly often fear brain damage.(运用了whereas连接并列句) Passage 4 （2026上海市松江区） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation that strengthens different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers recommend suitable amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明经常帮助他人可延缓大脑衰老，分析了其原理并给出合理建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. ②Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. ③Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. ④Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. ⑤Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. ⑥They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. 2. 缜密构思 精简要点①和④，整合要点②③，⑤⑥ 3.遣词造句 Research implies volunteering to help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation strengthening different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ isolation is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers advise moderate amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process.（用一个宾语从句对第一段内容进行总结，表达高级） 【高分句型2】 Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length.（用一个定语从句对第二段后半部分进行总结，表达高级） Passage 5 （2026上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Defense of Oversharing Think about an ordinary day. You feel annoyed after a meeting but say nothing. You pull back from a friend who said something that hurt you, without explaining why. We rarely even consider that revealing a personal truth is an option. And when we do, we tend to think about it in an unfair way: We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. Imagine you are considering whether to tell a friend that their comment hurt you. You will probably worry that your friend might get defensive, feel awkward, or think you’re being oversensitive. What’s less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent: lingering resentment(怨恨), a pattern of emotional distance, or a pattern of misunderstandings that slowly hurts the relationship. This skew (偏差) makes a certain psychological sense. The social costs of revealing are often immediate and instinctive: an awkward pause, a fleeting look of discomfort. These moments threaten and teach us quickly what to avoid. The benefits of revealing, by contrast — corrected assumptions, increased trust, a feeling of being known — tend to unfold quietly and over time. They’re harder to feel in the moment, which makes them easy to discount. But the problem runs deeper than individual psychology. The very way we talk about oversharing is flawed. We treat revealing as a personality trait — something you either have or don’t. You’re either “the kind of person who overshares,” or not. But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. Treating revealing as a skill makes it less scary. Skills can be learned. They can be done imperfectly without being disastrous. And perhaps most importantly, appreciating the benefits of revealing usually requires actually doing it. Silence never teaches us what might have happened if we had spoken. Only revealing does. For most people, getting better at this skill doesn’t mean turning every interaction into a confessional(坦白). It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, and naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don’t feel. These are not grand acts of vulnerability. They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】   People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. Actually, proper self-revealing is a learnable skill rather than a born trait. Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy. 【导语】本文反驳了人们对“坦诚分享”的偏见，指出人们往往高估分享的即时尴尬风险、低估自我披露带来的益处；主张将明智的自我表露视为可通过练习提升的技能，而非天生性格特质，并建议通过适度、小范围的坦诚沟通，改善社交关系、减少误解。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. ② What’s less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent. ③ But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. ④ Skills can be learned. ⑤It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don’t feel. ⑥They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②进行整合；要点③④进行合并，要点⑤⑥进行概括合并。 3.遣词造句 People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. Actually, proper self-revealing is a learnable skill rather than a born trait. Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. (运用了for引导的原因状语从句，并用while连接的并列句，对前三段内容进行概括总结) [高分句型 2] Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy.(运用and连接的并列结构对最后一段内容进行了高度凝练概括) Passage 6 （2026上海市青浦区二模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. “Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist. To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species. Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten. The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse. Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. (57 words) 【导语】文章主要介绍了人类活动使巴西大西洋森林面积缩减，野生动物栖息地被侵占，森林中蚊子因自然宿主减少而转而吸食人血。研究通过分析蚊子血样确定了其吸血对象，发现人类成为蚊子主要吸血对象，而蚊子会传播多种病毒，该研究虽存在局限，但有助于指导防蚊工作和完善疾病预警系统。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life. ②As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans. ③In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. ④These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. ⑤Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. ⑥They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. 2.缜密构思 将1、2点整合为原因，将3、4点整合为蚊子叮咬人类造成的后果，将5、6点整合为对研究的评价。 3.遣词造句 The study suggests that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. 【点睛】[高分句型1]The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans.（运用了that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2]By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans.（运用了动名词短语作宾语） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（4篇） Passage 1 In the past 200 years people have caused many animals to became extinct. They destroyed animals’ homes or killed them as hunters. Today, they kill hawks and wolves and pollute rivers, making some animals become rare. Besides, the changes in climate may lead to some animals becoming extinct by removing the food they eat. (54 words) Passage 2 Showering is of great benefit to our mind. It is found that taking a shower helps raise the level of dopamine and inspire new ideas. Showering can also provide a new, unexpected and fresh experience that can make it possible to stop thinking about what we are stuck with, resulting in positive changes in thinking. So if you want to have a change and get new ideas, go for a shower. Passage 3 Visiting a water park can be interesting but sometimes dangerous. To avoid the dangers, people should obey some regulations. (要点1) First, mastering the swimming skill is significant for water park visitors. Moreover, don't swim without a lifeguard on the spot. (要点2) Besides, to protect yourself from the sun, you need to wear proper clothes. (要点3) Additionally, avoid swallowing polluted water accidentally and remember to clean your hands immediately after playing in the water. (要点4) (70 words) Passage 4 The article begins with how true hibernation differs from normal sleep. To get prepared for hibernation,animals eat much to store fat and find spots to ensure the security of hibernation. The reason why animals hibernate is their adaptation to the climate and surroundings. Finally,it tells us what hibernation is like concerning body temperature,heartbeat and breathing rate. 语篇类型二: 记叙文（3篇） Passage 1 A: The writer set a goal of reading 195 books from 195 countries in a year. He received great help from fans of his blog, though it was hard to obtain all the books. However, the process of reading proved rewarding. Not only did he broaden his horizon, but he became familiar with the places and identified with the people there. B: Attempting to read a book from 195 states in a year, I appealed to the people worldwide in a blog for their suggestions. With their generous offer and enthusiastic responses, I started to read the books recommended, which opened a new world for me and changed my thinking. Most importantly, these books brings the real world closer to me. C: I challenged myself to read books from 195 countries in a year. Having difficulty finding all the books, I sought worldwide help, which was greeted with enthusiastic responses. The whole experience turned out rewarding. Not only did I feel connected to the world but the exposure to different people’s life and feelings brought the real world closer to me. Passage 2 The peaceful town was disturbed by several accidents. A delivery truck fell over, leading to a terrible traffic jam at the centre of the town. Apart from that, an old warehouse was caught in fire, causing a huge economic loss to the owner’s family. As a result, the family had great difficulty dealing with their work. Passage 3 Babe Didrikson Zaharias achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She loved sports when she was young. At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. Since 1932, she had won important championships in the golf. She was one of the greatest athletes of all time. Passage 1     A new study redefines secrecy as the wish to hide information rather than active hiding. Constantly thinking about secrets alone instead of covering them up harms people’s mental health greatly. Surveys find most people keep various common romantic secrets. Researchers suggest mindfulness or anonymous online talks to ease related troubles. Passage 2 Many college graduates find it hard to adapt to life in the workplace. First, workplace circumstances are constantly changing and more uncertain. Besides, they are often required to think critically and make own decisions to solve problems. Finally, they must interact and cooperate with workmates to achieve success. Students are advised to do more volunteering work to tackle this transition. Passage 3 Short-term memory is fragile and easily disrupted. While this ability declines slightly with age, age itself is not the main cause of errors, as younger people make similar mistakes. The key difference lies in perception: the young attribute lapses to lifestyle, whereas the elderly often fear brain damage. In healthy individuals, significant cognitive decline is minimal even in old age.  (60 words) Short-term memory holds our present thoughts and tasks and can be easily disturbed by different distractions around us. It declines slightly after age 30, but age is not the main cause of memory mistakes. Young people also make similar errors, and the real difference is people’s attitudes toward them, not actual biological disorders. Passage 4 Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation that strengthens different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers recommend suitable amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. Passage 5 People usually overestimate the risks of sharing personal feelings and ignore the harm of silence, for its costs are immediate while benefits are long-term. Actually, proper self-revealing is a learnable skill rather than a born trait. Small and wise expressions of true thoughts can reduce misunderstanding and keep social relationships healthy. Passage 6 The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. (57 words) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $