内容正文:
Unit 4
Helping out
Understanding ideas
Grammar
通过观察和分析例句,归纳情态动词must, may, can在语境中表达推测、可能和许可的基本规则。(学习理解)
01
运用所学情态动词完成填空题和对话,与同伴讨论身边需要帮助的人及具体帮助方式。(应用实践)
02
结合真实生活情境,综合运用情态动词和目标功能句型,策划并简要描述一个具体的助人行动计划。(迁移创新)
03
Modals (1) 情态动词
should
can
need
must
have to
had better
should
(1) You should listen to the doctor's advice.
(2) You shouldn't eat too much junk food if you want to
stay healthy.
你应当听从医生的建议。
如果你想保持健康,就不应该吃太多垃圾食品。
should表示建议或劝告,意为 “应当”,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
否定形式should not (shouldn't) 表示 “不应” 的意思。
What grammar rule can you notice?
Lead in
Lead in
What grammar rule can you notice?
情态动词(Modal Verbs)
can, may, might, must…
(1) As a student, you should finish your homework
on time every day.
作为一名学生,你应当每天按时完成作业。
(2) We should take care of our parents when they
get old.
父母年老时,我们应该照顾他们。
should还可以表示责任或义务,意为 “应当,应该”。
拓展
can
(1) You can leave early today.
(2) You can't put the milk in first.
你今天可以早点走。
你不能先倒入牛奶。
can表示“请求允许” 和 “给予许可”,意为“能,可以”,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
否定形式cannot (can't) 表示 “不能,不可以”,语气弱于must not (mustn't — 不应该 / 禁止)。
(3) Could you please pass me the ruler?
你能把尺子递给我一下吗?
(没有禁止的含义)
TIP
could表示请求允许时,语气更委婉,比can听起来更有礼貌。
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a)Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
(b)It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
(c) There must be something for me to do.
What can you find?
may表示可能性(可能,也许)
can表示可能性(有时会…)或能力(能够)
must表示肯定的推测(一定,肯定)
情态动词
(1) My dad can speak three languages: Chinese,
English and French.
我爸爸会说三种语言:汉语、英语和法语。
(2) I can finish reading this storybook in two days.
我可以在两天内读完这本故事书。
can还可以表能力,意为 “能够,可以”。
— Can we go home now, please?
— Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
can的一般疑问句的构成及其回答
请问我们现在能回家吗?
可以。(表示允许) / 不行。(表示不允许)
Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?
Sorry, but I can’t find one.
Crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
They can only be used once.
Then they must be thrown away.
It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
There must be something for me to do.
It might sound impossible.
将8个核心句子归入以下两类。要求在每个句子旁,用关键词(如“请求”、“必须”、“可能”等)简要标注你的判断理由。
A类(表达现实行动与规则):
如请求、能力、许可、义务、规定等。
B类(表达内心推测与猜测):
如可能、也许、肯定等。
need
(1) If she wants anything, she need only ask.
(2) You needn't wait.
如果她想要什么,只需要说一声就行。
你不必等待。
need作情态动词时表动作的必要性,意为 “需要”,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
否定形式need not (needn't)比较常用,表示 “不需要” 或 “不必要”。
A类(表达现实行动与规则)
1. Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?
可以——礼貌请求
2. Sorry, but I can’t find one.
不能,无法——能力
4. They can only be used once.
可以——规定
5. Then they must be thrown away.
必须——义务/规定
B类(表达内心推测与猜测)
3. Crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
可能——对风险的推测
6. It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
可能会——对等待体验的感受推测
7. There must be something for me to do.
一定、肯定——表示非常有把握的推测
8. It might sound impossible.
也许——对听者感受的推测
小组讨论结束后,全班一起汇总交流,最终统一分类结果,AB两类各有四句话。
你可以分析、总结
情态动词may, can, must
表示推测或猜测的用法吗?
may/might: 有可能
(较不确定)
can: 可能
(指理论或一般情况下的可能性)
must: 一定,肯定
(根据证据做出的强烈推测)
can’t: 不可能
(用于否定性推测,语气非常肯定)
B类(表达内心推测与猜测)
3. Crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
可能——对风险的推测
6. It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
可能会——对等待体验的感受推测
7. There must be something for me to do.
一定、肯定——表示非常有把握的推测
8. It might sound impossible.
也许——对听者感受的推测
Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please?
Sorry, but I can’t find one.
Crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
They can only be used once.
Then they must be thrown away.
It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
There must be something for me to do.
It might sound impossible.
Share results and reasons in groups.
Discuss differences and reach agreement.
Complete a group summary.
A类(表达现实行动与规则):
如请求、能力、许可、义务、规定等。
B类(表达内心推测与猜测):
如可能、也许、肯定等。
1. 核心用法
表示许可(可以),正式、礼貌地请求 / 给予许可,语气比 can 更委婉、正式。
请求许可:May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
给予许可:You may go now. 你现在可以走了。
否定:may not(不可以),口语中常用 can't 替代
例句:You may not take photos here. 你不可以在这里拍照。
表示推测(可能),用于肯定句,表对现在 / 将来的不确定推测,可能性比 can 低,比 must 低很多。
例句:It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。
过去式 might:表可能性更低的推测,或过去的可能
may /might
回答:Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
(口语常用 No, you can't.)
可以,你可以问。/ 不行,你不能问。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + may + 主语 + 动词原形…?
例句:Where may I find the restroom?
我可以在哪里找到洗手间?
4. There are some grey clouds in the sky. It __________________ rain today, but I'm not sure.
5. —Listen! Helen is singing in the music room.
—It ____________ be Helen. She has gone to Shanghai.
6. According to the locals, even an experienced climber _________________ get into trouble if he or she climbs the mountain alone.
must, may, might, could, can't
may/might/could
can't
may/might/could
① 我的答案
② 我找到的关键线索
③ 为什么线索指向这个答案
Discuss in pairs
Check the answer
must
may
can/may
很有把握的推测
可能会下雨,但并不确定, may 表示可能性推测
用 can 表示允许(能力或允许的用法,不是推测)
Tips:
看语境,找线索;
强证据用must,不确定用may;
表允许或能力,can是好朋友。
1. 核心用法
表示必须、义务(必须),表主观上的强制、义务、命令,强调说话人的要求,语气强烈。
例句:You must finish your homework on time. 你必须按时完成作业。
We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。
否定:mustn't(禁止、绝对不能),语气极强
例句:You mustn't play with fire. 你绝对不能玩火。
注意:表 “不必” 用 don't have to,不用 mustn't(mustn't 表禁止)
表示肯定推测(一定、肯定),用于肯定句,表对现在的100% 肯定推测,语气最强。
must
I CAN
理解must, may, can表达推测的用法,并正确使用
谈论助人情景和提供帮助的表达
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例句:You must wear a seatbelt in the car. 在车内你必须系好安全带。
否定句:主语 + must not (mustn't) + 动词原形
例句:You mustn't drive after drinking. 饮酒后切勿驾车。
一般疑问句:Must + 主语 + 动词原形…?
例句:Must I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗?
回答:Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.
(不能用 No, you mustn't.)
是的,你必须完成。/ 不,你不必完成。/ 不,你不必强制完成。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + must + 主语 + 动词原形…?
例句:What must I do next? 接下来我该做什么呢?
must
Find out all the sentences with modals in the passage and understand them.
Preview the next part:
Developing ideas.
1. Lin Xiao ___________ be at home now, for I saw her entering the bookstore just now.
2. I believe the photos ___________ be Amy's. Those are her parents.
3. The actor __________ be that famous. I've never heard his name before.
选择恰当的情态动词填空(可重复使用)。
must, may, might, could, can't
can't
must
can’t
Thank you
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