精品解析：2026届北京大学附属中学适应性练习英语试题

北大附中预科部2025—2026学年度适应性练习 英 语 本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 As a new runner, I received an invitation from a magazine to visit Greece. As the birthplace of the marathon, Greece deeply attracted me. I came up with a brave idea — to ____1____ the whole 26-mile classic route from Athens to Marathon, opposite the original direction. Athens in midsummer was ____2____ hot. Running 26 miles in heat like that was nothing short of an act of madness, so I started quite early with an editor from the magazine in a van (面包车) providing water and recording my journey. At first, the city roads frustrated me. Countless stoplights broke my ____3____, and blocked roads forced me off course. By the eighth mile, I finally left the busy city behind. Away from the city buildings, the sun revealed all its power and I was dying of ____4____. The air was so dry that sweat evaporated instantly, leaving a layer of white salt on my skin. My body stung, and my lips tasted salty. I kept ____5____ of ice-cold beer but had to drink water from the van every three miles. After the nineteenth mile, a strong headwind from the sea started blowing. The closer I got to Marathon, the harder it blew. Real exhaustion set in. It felt like an endless battle against my own body, but I forced myself to ____6____ only on moving my feet forward, one after another. And the strong wind from the sea never let up. At around twenty-three miles, I almost ____7____, and I started to hate everything. Enough already! I didn’t want to run anymore! “Just three more miles. Hang in there!” the editor called out encouragingly. Ignoring the burning sun, I ____8____ all my willpower. Finally, the finish line came into sight. Crossing it, I felt completely ____9____ and tasted the sweet joy of achievement. This tough 26-mile run was my first full marathon. It became a precious memory and taught me the power of perseverance, inspiring me to keep ____10____ myself. 1. A. mark B. run C. approach D. cycle 2. A. slightly B. moderately C. unbelievably D. barely 3. A. mood B. balance C. record D. rhythm 4. A. fear B. exhaustion C. thirst D. loneliness 5. A. dreaming B. speaking C. approving D. complaining 6. A. focus B. agree C. rely D. live 7. A. died down B. broke down C. calmed down D. slowed down 8. A. kept B. tested C. saved D. gathered 9. A. energetic B. relieved C. determined D. optimistic 10. A. observing B. perfecting C. challenging D. training 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述的是作者受邀前往希腊，逆向跑完马拉松全程，凭借毅力完赛并领悟坚持的意义。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：我萌生一个大胆想法：反向跑完从雅典到马拉松全程26英里的经典赛道。A. mark标记；B. run奔跑；C. approach靠近；D. cycle骑行。根据前文“As a new runner”以及后文“Running 26 miles in heat like that”可知，作者打算跑完马拉松路线。 【2题详解】 考查副词。句意：盛夏时节的雅典酷热难耐。A. slightly轻微地；B. moderately适度地；C. unbelievably难以置信地；D. barely勉强。根据后文“Running 26 miles in heat like that was nothing short of an act of madness”可知，高温程度超乎想象，令人难以置信。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：数不胜数的红绿灯打乱了我的跑步节奏，封路也迫使我偏离路线。A. mood心情；B. balance平衡；C. record记录；D. rhythm节奏。根据前文“At first, the city roads frustrated me. Countless stoplights”可知，频繁红绿灯不断停顿，打乱跑步节奏。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：远离城市建筑后烈日尽显威力，我渴得要命。A. fear恐惧；B. exhaustion疲惫；C. thirst口渴；D. loneliness孤单。根据后文“The air was so dry that sweat evaporated instantly, leaving a layer of white salt on my skin. My body stung, and my lips tasted salty.”可知，空气干燥、嘴唇发咸，作者极度口渴。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：我一直盼着冰镇啤酒，但只能每三英里从随行车上取水喝。A. dreaming梦想；B. speaking说话；C. approving赞成；D. complaining抱怨。根据后文“but had to drink water from the van every three miles”可知，此处与下文之间为转折关系，由此可推断，作者没法喝啤酒，只能梦想着。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：身体陷入极度疲惫，我逼着自己只专注一步步向前迈步。A. focus专注；B. agree同意；C. rely依靠；D. live生活。根据前文“Real exhaustion set in. It felt like an endless battle against my own body”可知，身心俱疲，只能专注迈步前行。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：跑到约23英里时，我险些崩溃，开始憎恶周遭一切。A. died down逐渐平息；B. broke down崩溃；C. calmed down冷静；D. slowed down减速。根据后文“Enough already! I didn’t want to run anymore!”可知，作者濒临崩溃。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：不顾烈日灼身，我汇集全部意志力继续前行。A. kept保持；B. tested考验；C. saved节约；D. gathered汇集。根据后文“Finally, the finish line came into sight”可知，作者汇集全部意志坚持冲向终点。 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意：跨过终点线，我浑身卸下重担，品尝到收获的喜悦。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. relieved如释重负的；C. determined坚定的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据前文“Finally, the finish line came into sight. Crossing it”可知，历经磨难终于抵达终点，内心如释重负。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：这次艰难的马拉松成为珍贵回忆，教会我坚持的力量，鼓舞我不断挑战自我。A. observing观察；B. perfecting完善；C. challenging挑战；D. training训练。根据前文“This tough 26-mile run was my first full marathon. It became a precious memory and taught me the power of perseverance”可知，艰难完赛的经历激励作者不断挑战自我。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Zhangxue Moto represents a dream on two wheels. Initially ____11____ (found) in 2015, the company started as a small workshop with only five employees, aiming to produce affordable yet durable motorcycles for daily commuting. By 2018, the brand had launched its first electric scooter, the “Swift,” which could travel 120 kilometers on a single charge. In 2022 ____12____ (come) its most remarkable achievement, when it released the “Thunder” series at a speed of 160 km/h. Zhangxue Moto has broken the stereotype that Chinese motorcycles are cheap and unreliable. This is precisely ____13____ makes it stand out as a rising national brand. 【答案】11. founded 12. came 13. what 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍张雪摩托从小型作坊起步，逐步推出多款车型，打破国产摩托刻板印象、成长为国产品牌的发展历程。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司始建于2015年，最初只是仅有五名员工的小作坊，旨在生产实惠耐用、适合日常通勤的摩托车。此处为非谓语作状语，the company与found之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词founded。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2022年它迎来最亮眼的成就，推出最高时速可达160 km/h的雷霆系列车型。本句为完全倒装句，时间In 2022表示过去，谓语用一般过去时，come的过去式为came。 【13题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这正是它作为新锐国产品牌脱颖而出的原因。此处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示事物，用连接代词what。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Karl Wallenda Effect refers to a psychological phenomenon ____14____ people fail because they become preoccupied with avoiding failure rather than attending to the task at hand. A tightrope walker (走钢丝演员) Wallenda, who had never fallen before, suddenly started thinking about “not falling” instead of just walking. That small shift in attention, which might seem harmless, finally led to his tragedy. This effect is so powerful because excessive worry about results often ____15____ (disturb) our natural ability to concentrate. We should focus on the task itself rather than constantly thinking about success or ____16____ (fail). 【答案】14. that 15. disturbs 16. failure 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍卡尔·瓦伦达效应的含义、由来以及带给人们做事要专注过程的启示。 【14题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：卡尔·瓦伦达效应指一种心理现象，人们因一心想着规避失败、忽略手头事务而最终失败。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明phenomenon的具体内容，从句句意完整、不缺成分，用连接词that，无词义只起连接作用。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：该效应影响力极强，因为过度纠结结果常常扰乱我们天生的专注力。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观规律用一般现在时，主语excessive worry为单数，disturb使用第三人称单数形式disturbs。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们应当专注事情本身，而非反复思虑成败。此处与名词success并列作介词about的宾语，fail对应的名词为failure意为“失败”。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 In recent years, increasing attention ____17____ (draw) to the concept of the low-altitude economy. ____18____ (refer) to economic activities taking place in the airspace within 1,000 meters above the ground, the economy mainly involves drones, air taxis, and other unmanned aerial vehicles with a potential ____19____ (transform) transportation, logistics, and emergency services. However, some people point out concerns about air traffic safety, privacy invasion, and noise pollution. Therefore, we should actively and cautiously develop the economy. How to maximize the benefits ____20____ causing the possible risks deserves our efforts. 【答案】17. has been drawn 18. Referring 19. to transform 20. without 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍低空经济的定义、涵盖产业，同时提及发展该经济伴随的各类隐患以及合理开发的必要性。 【17题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：近年来，低空经济这一概念受到越来越多的关注。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In recent years可知用现在完成时，主语attention和draw之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been drawn。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：低空经济指发生在离地一千米空域内的经济活动，主要包含无人机、空中出租车等无人飞行器，有望变革交通、物流与应急服务领域。此处非谓语作状语，the economy与refer to是主动关系，所以用现在分词referring，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：低空经济指发生在离地一千米空域内的经济活动，主要包含无人机、空中出租车等无人飞行器，有望变革交通、物流与应急服务领域。固定搭配potential to do sth.，不定式作后置定语，所以此处为动词不定式形式to transform。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：如何在不引发潜在风险的前提下实现利益最大化值得我们钻研。结合句意，此处表示“不、没有”，用介词without。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上，将该项涂黑。 A To further promote green development and raise public environmental awareness, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment will hold the 2026 Beijing International Environmental Protection Expo (BIEPE) at the China National Convention Center from August 20th to 26th, 2026. To guarantee smooth operation and quality services for domestic and foreign participants, the expo is now recruiting volunteers, who should be responsible, communicative and enthusiastic about environmental protection. Volunteers will be assigned to four functional groups based on their strengths and interests: ◆ Reception Group: Receive VIP guests, register participants and answer on-site questions. ◆ Translation Group: Open only to candidates with CET-6 550+ or equivalent English ability; provide simultaneous interpretation and document translation for international participants. ◆ Exhibition Guide Group: Introduce theme pavilions, environmental protection technologies and featured exhibits to visitors. ◆ Activity Coordination Group: Help organize on-site interactive activities, arrange venue layouts and cooperate with related departments. Pre-service training will be provided from August 10th to 18th, covering expo background, service rules, environmental knowledge and emergency handling. During the expo, volunteers work six hours daily with a one-hour break. The committee offers free accommodation, three meals a day, work uniforms and a volunteer certificate. Outstanding volunteers will gain the title of “Excellent Volunteer” and get a chance to join international environmental exchange events in 2027. Application Requirements: ◆ Applicants aged eighteen to twenty-five must be full-time college students or graduates within one year, with good academic performance and no disciplinary punishment. ◆ Fluent Mandarin is required; Translation Group applicants need valid English proficiency certificates. ◆ Applicants must attend all training and the whole expo without absence. ◆ Good team spirit, strong adaptability and the ability to deal with emergencies independently are needed. Application Methods: Qualified applicants should send application materials (personal resume, student ID or graduation certificate, and relevant proficiency certificates if needed) to the official email: biepe2026@126.com before July 30th, 2026. We welcome your participation to build a green and low-carbon future together. 21. Who can apply for the volunteer work? A. A twenty-six-year-old graduate with a high level of English. B. An eighteen-year-old high school student with good team spirit. C. A twenty- two-year-old college student with no disciplinary record. D. A twenty-four-year-old graduate who cannot attend all the training. 22. What can volunteers gain from this experience? A. Better emergency response skills. B. More chances of getting special titles. C. Better living conditions during the Expo. D. More opportunities for cultural exchange. 23. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To look for volunteers for the Expo. B. To introduce the volunteer work at the Expo. C. To encourage young people to join green activities. D. To raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍2026北京国际环保博览会招募志愿者信息，含分组分工、福利、报名条件与提交方式。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Application Requirements中的“Applicants aged eighteen to twenty-five must be full-time college students or graduates within one year, with good academic performance and no disciplinary punishment.(申请者年龄在18至25周岁，须为全日制在校生或毕业一年内的学生，成绩优良且无违纪处分。)”可知，22岁无违纪记录的大学生符合报名条件。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pre-service training will be provided from August 10th to 18th, covering expo background, service rules, environmental knowledge and emergency handling.(岗前培训于8.10至8.18开展，内容包含展会概况、服务规范、环保知识以及应急处理。)”可知，志愿者能够提升应急处置能力。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“To guarantee smooth operation and quality services for domestic and foreign participants, the expo is now recruiting volunteers, who should be responsible, communicative and enthusiastic about environmental protection.(为保障展会顺利举办、为海内外参会者提供优质服务，展会现面向社会招募有责任心、善于沟通、热衷环保的志愿者。)”可知，文章目的是为博览会招募志愿者。 B Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner… or was it breakfast? It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset. Over my years of immersion (沉浸) in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place. I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature-in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now. Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective. When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective. It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them, inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the universe experiencing itself through you own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me, this view has facilitated a complete transformation of my mental health and whole life. 24. What did the author mainly do after arriving at Mauna Kea? A. He admired the night sky from the volcano peak. B. He prepared for a night of telescope observation. C. He adjusted to the sunrise after a sleepless night. D. He reflected on his initial attraction to astronomy. 25. How does the author describe a typical feature of modern life? A. Devotion to work with clear purposes. B. Emotional involvement in daily experience. C. Interest in knowledge with a sense of curiosity. D. Distance from nature and lack of present focus. 26. What helped the author find inner balance again? A. Experiencing stargazing with openness and wonder. B. Viewing himself as insignificant in the vast universe. C. Learning more about astrophysics and scientific facts. D. Working with greater focus in an academic environment. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Happiness is found within. B. One may miss the wood for the trees. C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. D. Stop and smell the roses in the natural world. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述作者的天文工作经历，反思现代人脱离自然的现状，体悟静心观星带来的身心改变。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data.(我走进灯火通明的望远镜控制室，插上笔记本电脑，开始为当晚的数据采集做准备。)”可知，作者到达莫纳克亚山后主要在筹备夜间望远镜观测工作。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature-in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now.(我们许多人生活得越来越脱离自然，不分昼夜，常常迷失在想法、计划或焦虑之中，注意力很少放在此时此地。)”可知，现代生活的典型特征是疏离自然、无法专注当下。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective.(天体物理学是带我进入观点与事实世界的事物，但最终是用心的观星指引我回到心理健康更为平衡的状态以及我主观的、极具人性视角的奇妙之感。)”可知，带着开放与好奇去观星让作者重获内心平衡。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第六段中的“When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe.(当我们睁大眼睛带着好奇去观望，而非一心纠结事实与预想时，这会催生惊奇之感，进而生出敬畏。)”可知，文章倡导人们驻足感受身边自然之美。 C Human well-being depends on the ability to navigate the social world. Such social skill depends on reliable feedback: acts of kindness may be met with gratitude; a misstep prompts a friend’s disapproval and an apology is needed. These moments are considered crucial for deepening trust, and for personal growth to unfold. Social life is rarely frictionless, yet it is precisely through such social friction that relationships deepen and moral understanding develops. Sycophancy (奉承) is the opposite of this friction. Many users experience this when AI enthusiastically validates their ideas or writing. In academic contexts, the consequence may be investing more time in a passable idea. But as AI systems are consulted for guidance about relationships and conflicts, affirmation of this kind does not merely reassure users — it may shape how people interpret their own actions and their perspectives of others, and in turn, how they respond to conflict, and whether they take responsibility. Consider a world in which people routinely turn to AI to reflect on interpersonal conflicts or moral dilemmas. They are repeatedly reassured that they are in the right, that others are mistaken, and that no apology is warranted. Moreover, over time, such patterned communication may reshape expectations about what feedback should feel like. Individuals may begin to anticipate similar constant affirmation from others. An AI companion who is always “on your side” may sustain engagement and foster reliance. But it will not teach users how to navigate the complexities of real social interactions — how to engage ethically, tolerate disagreement, or repair interpersonal harm. The cumulative effect is a reduction in tolerance for the social friction through which perspective-taking, accountability, and growth ordinarily occur. Although AI could, in principle, be optimized to promote broader social goals or longer-term personal development, such priorities do not fit well with systems that prioritize keeping users engaged. Systems that challenge users or surface uncomfortable perspectives are less likely to maximize engagement, even if they ultimately support personal growth. These dilemmas highlight the urgent need to ensure that AI systems operate responsibly within the evolving social and psychological ecosystem they co-create with users. They also raise broader ethical questions. How should immediate psychological gratification (满足) be weighed against longer-term individual and collective outcomes? Who should determine where that balance lies? Addressing these challenges will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, social scientists, ethicists, and policy makers. 28. The academic user experience is mentioned mainly to ______. A. present a possible result B. justify a novel approach C. introduce a bigger danger D. illustrate a typical case 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Countering AI’s sycophancy is far from easy. B. Collaboration with responsible AI is necessary. C. Global expert involvement solves ethical questions. D. Systems with higher engagement limit personal growth. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Affirmation helps avoid social friction. B. Tolerance benefits broader social goals. C. Reliable feedback facilitates social skills. D. Navigating conflicts fosters social growth. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【导语】主要指出人工智能一味奉承式反馈缺少社交摩擦，不利于人的社交能力与心智成长，并提出相关解决难题。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In academic contexts, the consequence may be investing more time in a passable idea. But as AI systems are consulted for guidance about relationships and conflicts, affirmation of this kind does not merely reassure users — it may shape how people interpret their own actions and their perspectives of others, and in turn, how they respond to conflict, and whether they take responsibility. (在学术场景中，其后果可能是在一个平庸的观点上耗费过多时间。而当人们就人际关系与矛盾纠纷向人工智能寻求建议时，这种一味的肯定不只是宽慰使用者，还会影响人们对自身行为与他人的判断，继而左右他们处理冲突的方式以及是否承担责任。)”可知，第二段先以学术场景作为小危害举例，紧接着转折点明，AI 奉承会严重改变人的处事观念，是更严重的危害，由此可知，举例是为引出后文更大隐患。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Although AI could, in principle, be optimized to promote broader social goals or longer-term personal development, such priorities do not fit well with systems that prioritize keeping users engaged.(尽管原则上可以优化人工智能，使其服务于更宏观的社会目标与人的长期发展，但这类优化目标和以留住用户为首要任务的产品体系难以兼容。)”以及“Addressing these challenges will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, social scientists, ethicists, and policy makers.(要解决这些难题，需要计算机、社科、伦理学及政策制定者开展长期跨学科协作。)”可知，想要改善AI一味奉承的弊端绝非易事。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Such social skill depends on reliable feedback: acts of kindness may be met with gratitude; a misstep prompts a friend’s disapproval and an apology is needed. These moments are considered crucial for deepening trust, and for personal growth to unfold.(这类社交能力依托真实的反馈：善意之举或许收获感激，行事失误会引来朋友的不满，继而需要致歉。这些瞬间对加深信任、促成个人成长至关重要。)”可知，作者意在说明真实有效的反馈能够助力人们培养社交能力。 D “If you can in one day renovate yourself, so do from day to day. Yea, let there be daily renovation.” Inscribed on King Cheng Tang’s washbasin, these words stress continuous self-improvement and constant change. Ezra Pound’s “Make it New” similarly advocated change as a core modernist ideal. Still, Pound wrote slowly; his epic The Cantos took 50 years, left fragmented and incomplete, with him regretting its lack of cohesion. Most of us have an antagonistic relationship to change. We prefer it when life coasts along with a sense that everything is stable and more-or-less on track. Yet French philosopher Henri Bergson noted, “To exist is to change… to go on creating oneself endlessly,” he writes. Life, according to Bergson, is a continuous process of creation and destruction, where we are caught between opposing forces. We notice change when it’s abrupt and final, like a job change or the death of a loved one. But Bergson believed change happens constantly, even in calm moments. He contended that our past follows us, shaping the present and leading us along unique paths. It is a comforting thought to acknowledge that we press upon our future at every moment in utterly novel ways — never predictable, nothing decided. But it also explains that quiet desperation we feel when life is going well, a sensation like trying to contain sand spilling through fingertips — how to stop the flow briefly to savour good times? Bergson rejected “clock time”, time quantified by mechanical ticking. He favoured “duration”, where time unfolds as a fluid, continuous flow rather than separate moments. We are the dancer moving through time, making it up as we go. “Pure duration is the form our conscious states assume when the ego lets itself live, refraining from separating present from former states,” he writes. Similarly, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus noted that change is the only constant. “All things are in a state of flux,” he said. Change, driven by opposing forces like life and death, light and dark, creates the world around us. Conflict, he believed, is essential for the creation of new things, and through this dynamic, novelty arises. In Taoism, the philosophy of Laozi, as written in the Tao Te Ching, also emphasizes the balance of opposites. The Yin-Yang symbol, representing interconnected forces like light and dark, illustrates this harmony. Ultimately, Pound’s call to “Make it New” reflects the truth of life itself: change is constant, and through the clash of opposing forces, we find new ideas and solutions. As Alan Watts said, “The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.” Embracing change is crucial for growth and renewal. 31. What does the word “antagonistic” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Dependent. B. Resistant. C. Indifferent. D. Flexible. 32. According to the passage, what can we learn about clock time and duration? A. Clock time structures daily life. B. Duration measures fixed intervals. C. Duration flows as lived experience. D. Clock time enhances human awareness. 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Stability holds greater value. B. Opposites push change forward. C. Change is well perceived in daily life. D. Conflict leads to creation and destruction. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Nothing but Change B. Conflict and Change C. The Flow of Time and Life D. Change in Thought and Art 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】文章借古今中外名家观点，论证变化是世间常态，对立力量促成改变，启示人们接纳变化方能实现自我成长与革新。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“We prefer it when life coasts along with a sense that everything is stable(我们更喜欢那种生活平稳、一切井然有序的状态)”可知，人们抵触变化，故划线词意思是“抵制的”。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He favoured “duration”, where time unfolds as a fluid, continuous flow rather than separate moments.(他更倾向于“持续性”这一概念，即时间是以一种流畅、连续的流动方式呈现的，而非由一个个独立的瞬间所构成)”可知，持续时间就如同生活经历一样，是不断流动的。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Change, driven by opposing forces like life and death, light and dark, creates the world around us.(由生死、光明与黑暗等相互对立的力量所驱动的变化，造就了我们所生活的这个世界)”可知，相反的事物推动着变革向前发展。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, Pound’s call to “Make it New” reflects the truth of life itself: change is constant, and through the clash of opposing forces, we find new ideas and solutions. As Alan Watts said, “The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.” Embracing change is crucial for growth and renewal.(最终，庞德所倡导的“使之新颖”这一理念反映了生活本身的真相：变化是永恒的，通过对立力量的碰撞，我们能够获得新的想法和解决方案。正如艾伦·瓦茨所说：“要理解变化，唯一的办法就是投身其中，与之共舞，融入其中。”接受变化对于成长和更新至关重要)”结合文章借古今中外名家观点，论证变化是世间常态，对立力量促成改变，启示人们接纳变化方能实现自我成长与革新。可知，A选项“只有变革”最符合文章标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people suffer from narrow identity — identifying with a single, shallow aspect of the self. When we reduce ourselves to labels — gender, profession, winner, loser — it’s easy to mistake labels for the essence of who we are. ____35____ For example, I may be called a writer, a professional, or a man from a particular place. These describe aspects of my life but fail to capture its essence. My career, reputation, or circumstances may alter greatly, yet who I am will remain the same: someone who tries to act with integrity and treat others with respect. We are also not our self-centered pride or habitual defense mechanisms, which can lead us to blame, deny, avoid, or win at all costs. ____36____ This true self asks not “How can I look good?” but “How can I become better?” That is why, when we interact with others — the central question is always this: Am I trying to understand them, or just trying to defend myself? The danger of narrow identity is that it confuses labels with belonging and morality. When identity becomes tied to a label or group, loyalty to the label or group will likely cloud moral judgment. Identity becomes less about understanding and improving oneself and more about the superiority of “us” over “them.” ____37____ Who we are emerges from something deeper than any label. We are humans capable of awareness, compassion, curiosity, and growth, guided by conscience to reflect on our actions and align them with our most humane values. Early in life, we are shaped by love and pain. ____38____ These give life meaning and enrich our identity. The choices we make reflect moral character, especially in how we handle frustration, how we treat those who disagree, and how we behave in private. Identity is not derived from a group or a label. ____39____ When we escape our attachment to narrow identities, we see others not as labels but as fellow humans with their own struggles, hopes, and desires. A. Our true self is built over time, not given by any label. B. We are not mere collections of the roles we play in life. C. Later, we’re shaped by our choices and responsibilities. D. The result is often anger, fear, and an endless struggle for approval. E. The essential self is growth - oriented and focuses on doing what is right. F. Our identity is shaped by both our past experiences and our future goals. G. It’s built through actions and through the willingness to reflect on those actions. 【答案】35. B 36. E 37. D 38. C 39. G 【解析】 【导语】主要批判狭隘身份认知的弊端，阐明真正的自我不由标签定义，而是在经历与选择中逐步形成。 【35题详解】 根据后文“For example, I may be called a writer, a professional, or a man from a particular place. These describe aspects of my life but fail to capture its essence.(举例来说，我可以被称作作家、职场从业者或是来自某地的人。这些只能描述我人生的部分侧面，却无法概括我的本质。)”可知，后文举例说明各类人生角色不能代表完整自我，B选项“We are not mere collections of the roles we play in life.(我们不只是自身人生各类角色的集合)”总起本段内容，引出下文举例，符合语境。 【36题详解】 根据前文“We are also not our self-centered pride or habitual defense mechanisms, which can lead us to blame, deny, avoid, or win at all costs.(我们也不等同于自私的自负心理或是习惯性自我防御，这些心态会让人指责、否认、逃避或是不惜一切代价取胜。)”以及空后“This true self asks not “How can I look good?” but “How can I become better?”(真实的自我不会纠结“如何让自己体面”，而是思考“如何变得更好”)”中的This true self可知，空格处介绍本质自我的特点，E选项“The essential self is growth - oriented and focuses on doing what is right.(本质上的自我以成长为导向，专注于做正确的事)”引出后文对真实自我的阐述，符合语境。 【37题详解】 根据前文“When identity becomes tied to a label or group, loyalty to the label or group will likely cloud moral judgment. Identity becomes less about understanding and improving oneself and more about the superiority of “us” over “them.”(当身份和某个标签或群体绑定，对该标签、群体的忠诚度就很可能蒙蔽道德判断。身份不再侧重自我理解与自我提升，转而一味追求“我方”优于“他方”。)”可知，空格处说明这种错误认知带来的后果，D选项“The result is often anger, fear, and an endless struggle for approval.(最终往往滋生愤怒、惶恐，陷入无休止地寻求他人认可的内耗)”承接上文不良表现，点明衍生结果，符合语境。 【38题详解】 根据前文“Early in life, we are shaped by love and pain.(人生早期，爱与伤痛塑造我们。)”以及后文“These give life meaning and enrich our identity.(这些经历赋予生命意义、丰盈自我认知)”中的These可知，空格处介绍人生后期塑造自我的要素，C选项“Later, we’re shaped by our choices and responsibilities.(往后，选择与责任继续塑造我们)”中的Later和前文Early in life形成时间对应，These指代前后的人生际遇与抉择，符合语境。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Identity is not derived from a group or a label.(自我身份并非来源于某个群体或是外在标签。)”可知，空格处承接上文，说明真正身份的形成方式，G选项“It’s built through actions and through the willingness to reflect on those actions.(它依托日常行动以及自省的态度慢慢塑造而成)”中的It指代主语Identity，前后形成否定与肯定的对照，符合语境。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Our lives are increasingly getting faster. A text message arrives; we feel compelled to respond immediately. An email appears, and we interrupt whatever we were doing to acknowledge it. If something is asking for our attention right now, we believe it must deserve it. But urgency and importance are not the same thing. Urgent matters demand immediate action. Important matters shape how we live our lives. The problem is that urgent matters are almost always easier to address. They arrive clearly defined and time-bound: answer this message, meet this deadline. Once completed, they give us the satisfying feeling of progress. Important matters, such as how we take care of our health and advance in our careers, unfold slowly. They require reflection rather than reaction. Questions in these areas don’t demand immediate answers, but you do have to answer them, since they profoundly influence how you will live your life. When we respond to immediate cues rather than consider distant consequences, we gradually shift our attention away from what matters most. We become adept at managing the urgent while forgetting about what’s important. Over time, the patterns we create through reacting rather than reflecting solidify into what I like to call “life grooves.” The more deeply those grooves form, the harder they are to step out of. In this way, urgency culture can quietly limit our freedom. Living well requires more than efficiently responding to external demands. It involves choosing actions and cultivating habits that reflect the kind of person you want to become. But reflection takes time, and urgency rarely makes space for it. So, one of the first steps to living well is choosing to give yourself the time to make good choices. The question of how to spend a single afternoon may seem trivial, but the pattern of how we spend our afternoons shapes who we become. Not everything urgent is important, and the challenge is recognizing the difference before our habits create a life for us that we would rather not have. 40. In what way are important matters different from urgent ones? ___________________________________________________________________ 41. How can “life grooves” affect our freedom? ___________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. One of the first steps to living well is responding to external demands more efficiently. ___________________________________________________________________ 43. What is one important matter in your life, and how will you give it more space? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Urgent matters need immediate action and are easy to deal with, while important matters unfold slowly, require reflection and shape our lives. 41. The deeper life grooves form, the harder it is to step out of them, which quietly limits our freedom. 42. One of the first steps to living well is responding to external demands more efficiently. According to the passage, one of the first steps to living well is choosing to give ourselves time to make good choices instead of responding to external demands efficiently. 43. Reading is an important matter in my life. I will spare fixed time every day to read books, put aside trivial distractions and stick to this good habit to improve myself.（开放性试题，答案合理即可）。 【解析】 【导语】文章区分了紧急事务和重要事务的不同，阐释了紧急文化形成的“生活惯性”对人生的负面影响，并告诉人们过好生活需要学会思考、主动做出正确选择。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Urgent matters demand immediate action. Important matters shape how we live our lives.(紧急事务需要立即行动。重要事务塑造我们的生活方式。)”以及第三段“Important matters, such as how we take care of our health and advance in our careers, unfold slowly. They require reflection rather than reaction.(重要事务进展缓慢，需要深思而非即时反应)”可知，紧急事务需要立刻处理、简单易完成，而重要事务进展缓慢，需要深思，深刻影响人生。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“The more deeply those grooves form, the harder they are to step out of. In this way, urgency culture can quietly limit our freedom.(这些生活惯性越深，人们就越难摆脱，紧急文化会悄悄限制我们的自由。)”可知，生活惯性一旦根深蒂固，人们便难以摆脱，进而限制个人自由。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第五段“So, one of the first steps to living well is choosing to give yourself the time to make good choices.(所以过好生活的首要步骤之一是给自己留出时间，做出正确的选择。)”可知，好好生活的第一步并非更高效地应对外界需求，而是留出时间自主做选择。故“responding to external demands more efficiently”错误。 【43题详解】 考查开放性试题。结合自身生活，选取学习、运动、阅读等重要事务，阐述自己的规划即可，答案可以为Reading is an important matter in my life. I will spare fixed time every day to read books, put aside trivial distractions and stick to this good habit to improve myself.（开放性试题，答案合理即可）。 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你准备参加学校组织的“乡村振兴·青年担当”暑期社会实践活动，你的英国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍你打算参与的一项活动； 2.选择的原因。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, Glad to receive your email. I’m writing to tell you about my coming social practice themed Rural Revitalization, Youth’s Duty. I plan to help local villagers promote special farm products via live-stream sales. First, rural fruit and honey are high-quality but lack sales channels. Besides, I’ve learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, so I can put knowledge into practice. Most importantly, it’s my duty as a youth to boost rural income and contribute to countryside development. I’m really looking forward to the meaningful experience. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生英国好友Jim回复邮件，介绍你打算参与的一项活动以及说明选择的原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 打算：plan to→intend to 促进：boost→facilitate 责任：duty→responsibility 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Besides, I’ve learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, so I can put knowledge into practice. 拓展句：Besides, I have mastered basic live-broadcast skills that I learned at school, which enables me to put knowledge into practice. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to tell you about my coming social practice themed Rural Revitalization, Youth’s Duty.(运用了现在分词和过去分词分别作定语) 【高分句型2】Most importantly, it’s my duty as a youth to boost rural income and contribute to countryside development.(运用了形式主语it的句式，不定式作作真正的主语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北大附中预科部2025—2026学年度适应性练习 英 语 本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 As a new runner, I received an invitation from a magazine to visit Greece. As the birthplace of the marathon, Greece deeply attracted me. I came up with a brave idea — to ____1____ the whole 26-mile classic route from Athens to Marathon, opposite the original direction. Athens in midsummer was ____2____ hot. Running 26 miles in heat like that was nothing short of an act of madness, so I started quite early with an editor from the magazine in a van (面包车) providing water and recording my journey. At first, the city roads frustrated me. Countless stoplights broke my ____3____, and blocked roads forced me off course. By the eighth mile, I finally left the busy city behind. Away from the city buildings, the sun revealed all its power and I was dying of ____4____. The air was so dry that sweat evaporated instantly, leaving a layer of white salt on my skin. My body stung, and my lips tasted salty. I kept ____5____ of ice-cold beer but had to drink water from the van every three miles. After the nineteenth mile, a strong headwind from the sea started blowing. The closer I got to Marathon, the harder it blew. Real exhaustion set in. It felt like an endless battle against my own body, but I forced myself to ____6____ only on moving my feet forward, one after another. And the strong wind from the sea never let up. At around twenty-three miles, I almost ____7____, and I started to hate everything. Enough already! I didn’t want to run anymore! “Just three more miles. Hang in there!” the editor called out encouragingly. Ignoring the burning sun, I ____8____ all my willpower. Finally, the finish line came into sight. Crossing it, I felt completely ____9____ and tasted the sweet joy of achievement. This tough 26-mile run was my first full marathon. It became a precious memory and taught me the power of perseverance, inspiring me to keep ____10____ myself. 1. A. mark B. run C. approach D. cycle 2. A. slightly B. moderately C. unbelievably D. barely 3. A. mood B. balance C. record D. rhythm 4. A. fear B. exhaustion C. thirst D. loneliness 5. A. dreaming B. speaking C. approving D. complaining 6. A. focus B. agree C. rely D. live 7. A. died down B. broke down C. calmed down D. slowed down 8. A. kept B. tested C. saved D. gathered 9. A. energetic B. relieved C. determined D. optimistic 10. A. observing B. perfecting C. challenging D. training 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Zhangxue Moto represents a dream on two wheels. Initially ____11____ (found) in 2015, the company started as a small workshop with only five employees, aiming to produce affordable yet durable motorcycles for daily commuting. By 2018, the brand had launched its first electric scooter, the “Swift,” which could travel 120 kilometers on a single charge. In 2022 ____12____ (come) its most remarkable achievement, when it released the “Thunder” series at a speed of 160 km/h. Zhangxue Moto has broken the stereotype that Chinese motorcycles are cheap and unreliable. This is precisely ____13____ makes it stand out as a rising national brand. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Karl Wallenda Effect refers to a psychological phenomenon ____14____ people fail because they become preoccupied with avoiding failure rather than attending to the task at hand. A tightrope walker (走钢丝演员) Wallenda, who had never fallen before, suddenly started thinking about “not falling” instead of just walking. That small shift in attention, which might seem harmless, finally led to his tragedy. This effect is so powerful because excessive worry about results often ____15____ (disturb) our natural ability to concentrate. We should focus on the task itself rather than constantly thinking about success or ____16____ (fail). C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 In recent years, increasing attention ____17____ (draw) to the concept of the low-altitude economy. ____18____ (refer) to economic activities taking place in the airspace within 1,000 meters above the ground, the economy mainly involves drones, air taxis, and other unmanned aerial vehicles with a potential ____19____ (transform) transportation, logistics, and emergency services. However, some people point out concerns about air traffic safety, privacy invasion, and noise pollution. Therefore, we should actively and cautiously develop the economy. How to maximize the benefits ____20____ causing the possible risks deserves our efforts. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上，将该项涂黑。 A To further promote green development and raise public environmental awareness, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment will hold the 2026 Beijing International Environmental Protection Expo (BIEPE) at the China National Convention Center from August 20th to 26th, 2026. To guarantee smooth operation and quality services for domestic and foreign participants, the expo is now recruiting volunteers, who should be responsible, communicative and enthusiastic about environmental protection. Volunteers will be assigned to four functional groups based on their strengths and interests: ◆ Reception Group: Receive VIP guests, register participants and answer on-site questions. ◆ Translation Group: Open only to candidates with CET-6 550+ or equivalent English ability; provide simultaneous interpretation and document translation for international participants. ◆ Exhibition Guide Group: Introduce theme pavilions, environmental protection technologies and featured exhibits to visitors. ◆ Activity Coordination Group: Help organize on-site interactive activities, arrange venue layouts and cooperate with related departments. Pre-service training will be provided from August 10th to 18th, covering expo background, service rules, environmental knowledge and emergency handling. During the expo, volunteers work six hours daily with a one-hour break. The committee offers free accommodation, three meals a day, work uniforms and a volunteer certificate. Outstanding volunteers will gain the title of “Excellent Volunteer” and get a chance to join international environmental exchange events in 2027. Application Requirements: ◆ Applicants aged eighteen to twenty-five must be full-time college students or graduates within one year, with good academic performance and no disciplinary punishment. ◆ Fluent Mandarin is required; Translation Group applicants need valid English proficiency certificates. ◆ Applicants must attend all training and the whole expo without absence. ◆ Good team spirit, strong adaptability and the ability to deal with emergencies independently are needed. Application Methods: Qualified applicants should send application materials (personal resume, student ID or graduation certificate, and relevant proficiency certificates if needed) to the official email: biepe2026@126.com before July 30th, 2026. We welcome your participation to build a green and low-carbon future together. 21. Who can apply for the volunteer work? A. A twenty-six-year-old graduate with a high level of English. B. An eighteen-year-old high school student with good team spirit. C. A twenty- two-year-old college student with no disciplinary record. D. A twenty-four-year-old graduate who cannot attend all the training. 22. What can volunteers gain from this experience? A. Better emergency response skills. B. More chances of getting special titles. C. Better living conditions during the Expo. D. More opportunities for cultural exchange. 23. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To look for volunteers for the Expo. B. To introduce the volunteer work at the Expo. C. To encourage young people to join green activities. D. To raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. B Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner… or was it breakfast? It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset. Over my years of immersion (沉浸) in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place. I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature-in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now. Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective. When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective. It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them, inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the universe experiencing itself through you own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me, this view has facilitated a complete transformation of my mental health and whole life. 24. What did the author mainly do after arriving at Mauna Kea? A. He admired the night sky from the volcano peak. B. He prepared for a night of telescope observation. C. He adjusted to the sunrise after a sleepless night. D. He reflected on his initial attraction to astronomy. 25. How does the author describe a typical feature of modern life? A. Devotion to work with clear purposes. B. Emotional involvement in daily experience. C. Interest in knowledge with a sense of curiosity. D. Distance from nature and lack of present focus. 26. What helped the author find inner balance again? A. Experiencing stargazing with openness and wonder. B. Viewing himself as insignificant in the vast universe. C. Learning more about astrophysics and scientific facts. D. Working with greater focus in an academic environment. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Happiness is found within. B. One may miss the wood for the trees. C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. D. Stop and smell the roses in the natural world. C Human well-being depends on the ability to navigate the social world. Such social skill depends on reliable feedback: acts of kindness may be met with gratitude; a misstep prompts a friend’s disapproval and an apology is needed. These moments are considered crucial for deepening trust, and for personal growth to unfold. Social life is rarely frictionless, yet it is precisely through such social friction that relationships deepen and moral understanding develops. Sycophancy (奉承) is the opposite of this friction. Many users experience this when AI enthusiastically validates their ideas or writing. In academic contexts, the consequence may be investing more time in a passable idea. But as AI systems are consulted for guidance about relationships and conflicts, affirmation of this kind does not merely reassure users — it may shape how people interpret their own actions and their perspectives of others, and in turn, how they respond to conflict, and whether they take responsibility. Consider a world in which people routinely turn to AI to reflect on interpersonal conflicts or moral dilemmas. They are repeatedly reassured that they are in the right, that others are mistaken, and that no apology is warranted. Moreover, over time, such patterned communication may reshape expectations about what feedback should feel like. Individuals may begin to anticipate similar constant affirmation from others. An AI companion who is always “on your side” may sustain engagement and foster reliance. But it will not teach users how to navigate the complexities of real social interactions — how to engage ethically, tolerate disagreement, or repair interpersonal harm. The cumulative effect is a reduction in tolerance for the social friction through which perspective-taking, accountability, and growth ordinarily occur. Although AI could, in principle, be optimized to promote broader social goals or longer-term personal development, such priorities do not fit well with systems that prioritize keeping users engaged. Systems that challenge users or surface uncomfortable perspectives are less likely to maximize engagement, even if they ultimately support personal growth. These dilemmas highlight the urgent need to ensure that AI systems operate responsibly within the evolving social and psychological ecosystem they co-create with users. They also raise broader ethical questions. How should immediate psychological gratification (满足) be weighed against longer-term individual and collective outcomes? Who should determine where that balance lies? Addressing these challenges will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration among computer scientists, social scientists, ethicists, and policy makers. 28. The academic user experience is mentioned mainly to ______. A. present a possible result B. justify a novel approach C. introduce a bigger danger D. illustrate a typical case 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Countering AI’s sycophancy is far from easy. B. Collaboration with responsible AI is necessary. C. Global expert involvement solves ethical questions. D. Systems with higher engagement limit personal growth. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Affirmation helps avoid social friction. B. Tolerance benefits broader social goals. C. Reliable feedback facilitates social skills. D. Navigating conflicts fosters social growth. D “If you can in one day renovate yourself, so do from day to day. Yea, let there be daily renovation.” Inscribed on King Cheng Tang’s washbasin, these words stress continuous self-improvement and constant change. Ezra Pound’s “Make it New” similarly advocated change as a core modernist ideal. Still, Pound wrote slowly; his epic The Cantos took 50 years, left fragmented and incomplete, with him regretting its lack of cohesion. Most of us have an antagonistic relationship to change. We prefer it when life coasts along with a sense that everything is stable and more-or-less on track. Yet French philosopher Henri Bergson noted, “To exist is to change… to go on creating oneself endlessly,” he writes. Life, according to Bergson, is a continuous process of creation and destruction, where we are caught between opposing forces. We notice change when it’s abrupt and final, like a job change or the death of a loved one. But Bergson believed change happens constantly, even in calm moments. He contended that our past follows us, shaping the present and leading us along unique paths. It is a comforting thought to acknowledge that we press upon our future at every moment in utterly novel ways — never predictable, nothing decided. But it also explains that quiet desperation we feel when life is going well, a sensation like trying to contain sand spilling through fingertips — how to stop the flow briefly to savour good times? Bergson rejected “clock time”, time quantified by mechanical ticking. He favoured “duration”, where time unfolds as a fluid, continuous flow rather than separate moments. We are the dancer moving through time, making it up as we go. “Pure duration is the form our conscious states assume when the ego lets itself live, refraining from separating present from former states,” he writes. Similarly, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus noted that change is the only constant. “All things are in a state of flux,” he said. Change, driven by opposing forces like life and death, light and dark, creates the world around us. Conflict, he believed, is essential for the creation of new things, and through this dynamic, novelty arises. In Taoism, the philosophy of Laozi, as written in the Tao Te Ching, also emphasizes the balance of opposites. The Yin-Yang symbol, representing interconnected forces like light and dark, illustrates this harmony. Ultimately, Pound’s call to “Make it New” reflects the truth of life itself: change is constant, and through the clash of opposing forces, we find new ideas and solutions. As Alan Watts said, “The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.” Embracing change is crucial for growth and renewal. 31. What does the word “antagonistic” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Dependent. B. Resistant. C. Indifferent. D. Flexible. 32. According to the passage, what can we learn about clock time and duration? A. Clock time structures daily life. B. Duration measures fixed intervals. C. Duration flows as lived experience. D. Clock time enhances human awareness. 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Stability holds greater value. B. Opposites push change forward. C. Change is well perceived in daily life. D. Conflict leads to creation and destruction. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Nothing but Change B. Conflict and Change C. The Flow of Time and Life D. Change in Thought and Art 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people suffer from narrow identity — identifying with a single, shallow aspect of the self. When we reduce ourselves to labels — gender, profession, winner, loser — it’s easy to mistake labels for the essence of who we are. ____35____ For example, I may be called a writer, a professional, or a man from a particular place. These describe aspects of my life but fail to capture its essence. My career, reputation, or circumstances may alter greatly, yet who I am will remain the same: someone who tries to act with integrity and treat others with respect. We are also not our self-centered pride or habitual defense mechanisms, which can lead us to blame, deny, avoid, or win at all costs. ____36____ This true self asks not “How can I look good?” but “How can I become better?” That is why, when we interact with others — the central question is always this: Am I trying to understand them, or just trying to defend myself? The danger of narrow identity is that it confuses labels with belonging and morality. When identity becomes tied to a label or group, loyalty to the label or group will likely cloud moral judgment. Identity becomes less about understanding and improving oneself and more about the superiority of “us” over “them.” ____37____ Who we are emerges from something deeper than any label. We are humans capable of awareness, compassion, curiosity, and growth, guided by conscience to reflect on our actions and align them with our most humane values. Early in life, we are shaped by love and pain. ____38____ These give life meaning and enrich our identity. The choices we make reflect moral character, especially in how we handle frustration, how we treat those who disagree, and how we behave in private. Identity is not derived from a group or a label. ____39____ When we escape our attachment to narrow identities, we see others not as labels but as fellow humans with their own struggles, hopes, and desires. A. Our true self is built over time, not given by any label. B. We are not mere collections of the roles we play in life. C. Later, we’re shaped by our choices and responsibilities. D. The result is often anger, fear, and an endless struggle for approval. E. The essential self is growth - oriented and focuses on doing what is right. F. Our identity is shaped by both our past experiences and our future goals. G. It’s built through actions and through the willingness to reflect on those actions. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Our lives are increasingly getting faster. A text message arrives; we feel compelled to respond immediately. An email appears, and we interrupt whatever we were doing to acknowledge it. If something is asking for our attention right now, we believe it must deserve it. But urgency and importance are not the same thing. Urgent matters demand immediate action. Important matters shape how we live our lives. The problem is that urgent matters are almost always easier to address. They arrive clearly defined and time-bound: answer this message, meet this deadline. Once completed, they give us the satisfying feeling of progress. Important matters, such as how we take care of our health and advance in our careers, unfold slowly. They require reflection rather than reaction. Questions in these areas don’t demand immediate answers, but you do have to answer them, since they profoundly influence how you will live your life. When we respond to immediate cues rather than consider distant consequences, we gradually shift our attention away from what matters most. We become adept at managing the urgent while forgetting about what’s important. Over time, the patterns we create through reacting rather than reflecting solidify into what I like to call “life grooves.” The more deeply those grooves form, the harder they are to step out of. In this way, urgency culture can quietly limit our freedom. Living well requires more than efficiently responding to external demands. It involves choosing actions and cultivating habits that reflect the kind of person you want to become. But reflection takes time, and urgency rarely makes space for it. So, one of the first steps to living well is choosing to give yourself the time to make good choices. The question of how to spend a single afternoon may seem trivial, but the pattern of how we spend our afternoons shapes who we become. Not everything urgent is important, and the challenge is recognizing the difference before our habits create a life for us that we would rather not have. 40. In what way are important matters different from urgent ones? ___________________________________________________________________ 41. How can “life grooves” affect our freedom? ___________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. One of the first steps to living well is responding to external demands more efficiently. ___________________________________________________________________ 43. What is one important matter in your life, and how will you give it more space? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你准备参加学校组织的“乡村振兴·青年担当”暑期社会实践活动，你的英国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍你打算参与的一项活动； 2.选择的原因。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $