课时通关精练(19)Unit 3 Fit for Life（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语核心题型，通过分模块专项训练构建"题型-方法-逻辑"三维体系，提升语言理解与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|8题（2篇）|细节定位、推理判断、标题归纳等题型解法|按"题干关键词→原文信息→选项匹配"逻辑链构建解题路径| |阅读七选五|5题|上下文衔接、段落主旨、代词指代技巧|以"篇章结构→句间关系→语义连贯"为线索梳理语篇逻辑| |完形填空|15题|语境词义辨析、固定搭配、情感线索分析|通过"上下文语境→词汇运用→主旨呼应"实现意义补全|

[课时通关精练(十九)] (时间：35分钟　满分：47.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·江苏省南通市启东中学高三下开学考试) Diabetes (糖尿病) researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have developed a new understanding of how human beta­cell regenerative (再生的) drugs work.These drugs, developed at Mount Sinai, may hold promise for more than 500 million people with diabetes in the world.The results of this study were published this month in Cell Reports Medicine. Diabetes develops when cells known as beta cells become unable to produce insulin, a chemical substance essential to regulating blood sugar levels.While great progress has been made toward discovering a long­term treatment, none is applicable to millions of patients across the world. For more than 15 years, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have worked tirelessly to find a cure for diabetes by identifying a drug that could make human beta cells regenerate.In 2015, Mount Sinai researchers discovered the first such drug, called harmine.Harmine is a member of a class of drugs called DYRK1A inhibitors (抑制剂).Finally, in July 2024, they showed that harmine alone increases human beta cell mass by 300 percent, and if a GLP­1RA is added, by 700 percent. A key question has been how harmine causes beta cells to regenerate.In the newest study, the research team reports that the newly regenerated beta cells may be coming from an unexpected source: a second pancreatic cell type called alpha cells.Since alpha cells are abundant in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, they may serve as a source for new beta cells in both common types of diabetes. “This may mean that people with all forms of diabetes have a large potential ‘container’ for future beta cells, just waiting to be activated by drugs like harmine，” said Esra Karakose, corresponding author of the study.“A simple pill, perhaps together with a GLP­1RA like semaglutide, is affordable and accessible to the millions of people with diabetes，” said Dr.Stewart, another researcher. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着治疗糖尿病的新药Harmine的问世，研究者在糖尿病治愈之路上又迈进了一步。 1．What can be inferred from the drugs developed at Mount Sinai? A．They strengthen the effects of each beta cell. B．They have yet to appear in relevant journals. C．They are taken by over 500 million patients. D．They help regulate the quantity of beta cells. D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Diabetes researchers from ... how human beta­cell regenerative drugs work.”和第三段“Finally, in July 2024, they showed ... by 700 percent.”可知，这种药可以调控人类β细胞的数量。故选D。 2．What do we know about harmine? A．It belongs to one part of DYRK1 A． B．It stops the formation of DYRK1 A． C．It is the first drug to cure diabetes. D．It is useless without a GLP­1R A． B　细节理解题。根据第三段“Harmine is a member of a class of drugs called DYRK1A inhibitors.”可知，harmine属于DYRK1A抑制剂，所以能够抑制DYRK1A的形成。故选B。 3．How does harmine cause beta cells to regenerate? A．By transforming alpha cells into beta cells. B．By enabling existing beta cells to reproduce. C．By pushing more organs to release beta cells. D．By creating a safe environment for beta cells. A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，α细胞可以转化成β细胞。故选A。 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Researchers Gain a New Insight into Diabetes B．Researchers Spare No Efforts to Cure Diabetes C．Researchers Move Closer to a Cure for Diabetes D．Researchers Reveal a “Container” for Beta Cells C　标题归纳题。结合文章整体内容，重点说明了治疗糖尿病的新药Harmine问世后，研究者在糖尿病治愈之路上又迈进了一步。C选项“研究人员离治愈糖尿病更近了一步”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 B (2025·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三下4月月考) As genetic and biomarker tests become more common, so do new treatments that target specific tumour (肿瘤) types and may lead to better outcomes. Patients with the same cancer type received a one­size­fits­all approach that didn't work for many.“We used to treat just based on whether the tumour was bigger than a centimetre，” says Kimberly Allison, a surgical pathologist and breast cancer researcher at Stanford University School of Medicine.“The biology didn't matter; you pretty much gave chemotherapy (化疗) to everybody.” The good news is that this has changed dramatically in the last few decades.Patients are no longer assessed and treated based only on the location and size of their cancer.Researchers now look for DNA changes and a range of other biological indicators.With this information, clinical teams can approach each case with more nuance, diagnosing and treating patients according to their personal physical conditions—and the specific characteristics of their cancer. This has been achieved in large part through two distinct types of tests: genetic screening and biomarker testing.As researchers continue to home in on the underlying genetic factors of different cancers, the role of these tests in both diagnosis and treatment is only going to grow.The first of the two testing methods, genetic testing, helps to assess the cancer risk of healthy people and their family members.The technique goes through a person's inherited DNA for gene variants known to increase the risk of developing cancer, or affect how the tumor might respond to treatment.For example, hereditary BRCA1/2 mutations significantly increase breast cancer risk.The second testing method, biomarker testing, tends to happen once someone has already been diagnosed with cancer.Biomarkers are objective, measurable signs that can help clinicians understand how a cancer is progressing, or how it might respond to specific treatments. While personalized treatment is now an option in many cancer types, data suggests there's a long road ahead to make genetic and biomarker testing (e.g., germline genetic testing in <7% of cancer patients and key biomarkers assessed in <50% of non­small lung cancer cases) widely available, despite rising trends. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着基因和生物标志物检测日益普遍，针对特定肿瘤类型的新治疗方法也随之出现，并可能带来更好的治疗效果。 5．What problem does Kimberly Allison's statement mainly illustrate? A．Patients with small tumours were often misdiagnosed. B．Traditional approaches ignored the biological differences. C．Doctors focused too much on the effects of chemotherapy. D．Early treatments lacked advanced technologies for tumour detection. B　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，金伯利·艾莉森的话主要说明了传统方法忽视了生物学差异。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “nuance” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Sympathy. B．Speed. C．Differences. D．Tools. C　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上下文可知，临床团队可以根据这些信息，更细致地处理每个病例，由此可知，画线单词nuance意为“差异”。故选C。 7．What do we know about biomarker testing? A．It assesses cancer risk. B．It monitors changes in cancer. C．It applies standardized treatments. D．It is more fact­based than genetic testing. B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，生物标志物测试可以监测癌症的变化。故选B。 8．What is the passage most likely to discuss next? A．Strategies to increase testing rates. B．Advancements in genetic testing technologies. C．Impacts of low testing rates on patient outcomes. D．Comparisons of testing rates across different cancer types. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，文章接下来最有可能讨论提高检测率的策略。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Three Ways to Slow Down Myopia Myopia, which is also known as short­sightedness or nearsightedness, is a growing problem.In fact, a recent study predicts that myopia will affect vision for nearly half of the global population by 2050.Myopia usually begins in childhood and tends to get worse as people get older.This can have a negative impact on one's everyday life.1( ) Here's how. First, put the devices away.Data from 145 studies covering 2.1 million participants revealed that increases in myopia are driven principally by lifestyle.Today's youth spend a lot of time performing near­work activities, often on electronic devices.Of course, it's unrealistic not to use these devices at all.2( ) Next, go outside.Increased outdoor activity has been shown to slow the onset of myopia by 11%－34%.One possible reason is that components of sunlight activate vitamin D, which may play a potential role in eye growth.3( ) This places fewer near­vision demands on young eyes. 4( ) Regular glasses and contact lenses(隐形眼镜) can help people see more clearly, but they do not slow down the progression of myopia.However, certain types of contact lenses including soft lenses can slow down the speed at which myopia develops, providing a more effective and efficient treatment option.Just consult your doctor. Controlling myopia is important because the dependency on glasses can reduce one's ability to participate actively in sports and other activities.5( ) Therefore, take steps to keep your eyes healthy. A．Finally, try not to wear glasses. B．Finally, ask your doctor about ways to manage myopia. C．Myopia can be caused by family history, lifestyle or both. D．But try to limit them so that there's more balance in the day. E．And increasing myopia can sometimes lead to future eye health problems. F．Fortunately, new research is lighting the path to improved strategies to manage myopia. G．Also, people are usually engaged in more distance vision activities when they're outside. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种减缓近视的方式。 1．F　上文提到了近视会对人的日常生活产生负面影响；下文是减缓近视的方式。由此可推知，设空处承上启下，应提到近视有办法减缓。F项“Fortunately, new research is lighting the path to improved strategies to manage myopia.”与上下文对应。故选F。 2．D　段落主旨句“First, put the devices away.”提到了把电子设备收起来；上文提到了完全不使用电子设备是不现实的。由此可推知，此处是建议减少电子设备的使用。D项“But try to limit them so that there's more balance in the day.”中的them指代上文的electronic devices，符合题意。故选D。 3．G　段落主旨句“Next, go outside.”提到了到外面去；上文提到了阳光中的成分会激活维生素D，对眼睛有好处；下文提到了这就减少了年轻人近距离看事物的需求。G项“Also, people are usually engaged in more distance vision activities when they're outside.”与上下文对应。故选G。 4．B　设空处为段落主旨句，应能概括本段主要内容；下文提到了咨询医生哪些方法更能有效缓解近视。B项“Finally, ask your doctor about ways to manage myopia.”与本段内容对应。故选B。 5．E　上文提到了控制近视很重要的一个原因；下文提到了需要采取措施保持眼睛健康。E项“And increasing myopia can sometimes lead to future eye health problems.”与上下文对应。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) Two Canadian cyclists with Parkinson's disease are taking an 8，000­kilometre journey across Canada.They are riding for a good 1 .This dynamic team wants to 2 other people with Parkinson's to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy in life. Steve Iseman and Jim Redmond 3 their bike tour on June 25，2022, in Victoria, British Columbia.They were both physically 4 before they were diagnosed (诊断) with early Parkinson's.Instead of 5 themselves to sadness, they felt determined to keep active.Also, knowing people with Parkinson's tend to be 6 to get on a bike and live in loneliness, they wanted to convey this 7 during their ride: Believe in yourself and you are more 8 than you think. “If you feel muscle weakness, add pedal­assist to the ride.If cycling doesn't 9 you, there are so many other activities.The 10 line is that you must get moving and do an activity, despite your fears and the voice inside your head 11 ‘I can't’，” said Iseman. On August 2, the riders were over halfway through their three­month ride.They were being 12 by local news stations and podcasters along the way， 13 to get the word out and to raise money for research.“The rewards of riding are 14 ， being great for mind, body, and mood.You just feel the freedom and 15 coming back，” said Iseman. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大的两名帕金森病患者，骑行8 000公里穿越加拿大，希望激励其他帕金森患者踏上自行车，重新发现生活中的自由和快乐。 1． A．source　 B．cause C．identity　 D．occasion B　根据最后一段中的“They were being 12 by local news stations and podcasters along the way， 13 to get the word out and to raise money for research.”可知，他们骑自行车是为了高尚的事业。故选B。 2． A．instruct　 B．enable C．allow　 D．inspire D　根据句意以及第三段中的“The 10 line is that you must get moving and do an activity，despite your fears and the voice inside your head 11 ‘I can't’”可知，他们希望其他患有帕金森疾病的人要运动起来，所以是为了激励其他帕金森患者。故选D。 3． A．kicked off　 B．put off C．crossed out　 D．picked up A　根据最后一段中“On August 2, the riders were over halfway through their three­month ride.”可推断，这两个人是在2022年6月25日开始自行车之旅。故选A。 4． A．fit　 B．weak C．challenged　 D．injured A　根据下文“before they were diagnosed with early Parkinson's”可知，在确诊患病之前，他们俩都很健康。故选A。 5． A．accustoming　 B．adapting C．abandoning　 D．applying C　固定短语abandon oneself to ...，意为“让自己沉浸在……之中”，符合句意。故选C。 6． A．careful　 B．curious C．afraid　 D．proud C　根据第三段中“despite your fears and the voice inside your head 11 ‘I can't’”可知，帕金森患者往往害怕运动，不敢骑自行车。故选C。 7． A．option　 B．method C．situation　 D．message D　下文“Believe in yourself and you are more 8 than you think.”是他们俩想告诉其他帕金森患者的信息。故选D。 8． A．different　 B．capable C．creative　 D．sensitive B　根据上文“Believe in yourself”可知，这两人是希望帕金森患者能够相信自己是很有能力，能够运动的。故选B。 9． A．suit　 B．challenge C．bear　 D．transform A　根据下文“there are so many other activities”可知，空处指的是如果骑行不适合你，你可以选择其他运动。故选A。 10． A．beginning　 B．central C．ceiling　 D．bottom D　固定短语the bottom line，意为“底线，要旨，关键”，根据句意，这里指的是“要旨，关键”。故选D。 11． A．recalling　 B．complaining C．insisting　 D．trembling C　根据“despite”可知，上下文存在转折关系，上文“you must get moving and do an activity”指的是要动起来，做一些运动；所以下文应该与上文内容相反，所以空处指的是脑海中有个声音一直在说“我做不到”。故选C。 12． A．interrupted　 B．interviewed C．annoyed　 D．investigated B　根据空后的“by local news stations and podcasters along the way”可知，两人是接受了当地新闻电台和播客的采访。故选B。 13． A．hoping　 B．pretending C．failing　 D．refusing A　根据空后“to get the word out and to raise money for research”可知，下文是两人希望得到的结果。故选A。 14． A．insignificant　 B．improper C．boundless　 D．fruitless C　根据下文“being great for mind, body, and mood.You just feel the freedom and 15 coming back”可知，这里指的是骑行的好处是无限的。故选C。 15． A．justice　 B．fame C．status　 D．joy D　此处为原词重现，根据文章第一段中的“people with Parkinson's to ... and rediscover freedom and joy in life”可知，空处指的是喜悦。故选D。 障碍词汇 A篇 diabetes n．糖尿病　insulin n．胰岛素　pancreatic adj.胰腺的　regulate vt.调节；控制　tirelessly adv.不知疲倦地；孜孜不倦地　abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的 B篇 genetic adj.遗传的；基因的　biomarker n．生物标志物　indicator n．指标；指示器　underlying adj.潜在的；根本的　inherited adj.遗传的；继承的　variant n．(基因)变异体；变体　mutation n．突变；变异 七选五 myopia n．近视　short­sightedness n．近视；目光短浅　device n．设备；装置　onset n．(疾病的)发作；开始　activate vt.激活；使活动　lens n．镜片；晶状体 熟词生义 A篇 mass n．大众；群众；大量(泛指)(常用义)→(文章义)n.(生物组织的)质量；数量 B篇 home n．家(常用义)→(文章义)vi.聚焦于；瞄准 七选五 drive vt.驱赶(常用义)→(文章义)vt.推动；促使(某事发生或发展) 完形 cause n．原因；起因(常用义)→(文章义)n.事业；目标(尤指值得投入时间和精力的公益或有意义的事) 词缀变形 A篇 identify vt.确认；认出；找到→identification n．识别；鉴定；确认→identifiable adj.可识别/辨认的→unidentifiable adj.无法识別/辨认的 B篇 specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地；具体地→specify vt.具体说明；明确规定　dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→dramatically adv.戏剧地；剧烈地→drama n．戏剧 七选五 visible adj.看得见的；可见的→invisible adj.看不见的→visibility n．能见度；可见性→vision n．视力；视觉 完形 dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的→dynamically adv.充满活力地；精力充沛地 核心词块 A篇 blood sugar 血糖　cell mass 细胞量；细胞团　hold promise有希望；有潜力 B篇 in large part在很大程度上　home in on聚焦于；对准(目标)　genetic screening基因筛查　biomarker testing生物标志物检测　a long road ahead前路漫长；任重道远 七选五 contact lens 隐形眼镜　near­work activities近距离用眼活动　slow the onset of延缓……的发生(或发作)　light the path to为……指明方向，提供思路，开辟途径 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $