课时通关精练(10)Unit 2 Natural Disasters（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦自然灾害主题，整合阅读理解、七选五及语法填空，通过题型分类解析构建“定位-推断-归纳”解题体系，强化语言能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇12题|细节题定位原文信息、推理题抓段落逻辑、主旨题提炼核心句|以“闪电后果-动物预测灾害-地震预警设备”为线，构建现象-应用逻辑链| |阅读七选五|1篇5题|衔接词分析、上下文语境匹配、主题句定位|围绕“灾害中手机使用”，形成“准备-保护-沟通”措施序列| |语法填空|1篇10空|冠词特指泛指、非谓语主被动、时态呼应上下文|从闪电现象描述到安全措施，体现语法规则在真实语境中的应用|

[课时通关精练(十)] (时间：35分钟　满分：57.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题，每小题2.5分，共30分) A (2025·江苏南京学情调研) Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming.Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12，000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电).Here's what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body.Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied by third­degree burns.Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27，700 ℃.Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin.This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn't end there.You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don't fully understand.It's also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents.In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano.He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike.This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory, Brogaard says, is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元).This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn't count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash.Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被闪电击中的后果。 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12，000 may die from lightning bolts. B.Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27，700 ℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，被闪电击中后，皮肤上出现树枝状疤痕是很典型的情况。故选C。 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C.He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music. A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这位外科医生被闪电击中后，他未探索的大脑区域被激活了。故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of the brain's neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of the brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. B　代词指代题。根据上一句的内容可知，This指代上文提到的a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质)。故选B。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D.The consequences of being struck by lightning. D　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段最后一句“Here's what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning.”可知，文章主要介绍了被雷电击中之后可能会遇到的后果。故选D。 B (2025·安徽省宿州市高三上期末) Scientists are recruiting (招募) some unusual recruits in their efforts to forecast earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other natural phenomena.They are enrolling thousands of dogs, goats, and other farmyard animals—as well as a wide range of wildlife—in studies that will monitor their movements from space. The programme uses tiny transmitters (发射器) that are being fitted to creatures.The detailed movements of these creatures will then be monitored from a special satellite to be launched next year.“Ultimately, we hope to launch a fleet of around six satellites and establish a global observation network that will not only provide details of wildlife movements during migration (迁徙) and animal health across the planet but reveal how creatures respond to natural phenomena like earthquakes，” said the project leader, Martin Wikelski, of the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour in Germany. The value of studying tagged (做标记的) animals in this latter area has already been demonstrated in early experiments in Sicily, said Wikelski last week.“We have found that the behaviour of goats is pretty good at predicting large volcanic eruptions.” Sensors have shown the animals become nervous before an eruption and refuse to move to the places they would normally be happy to visit.“They know beforehand what is coming.We don't know how they do it, but they do，” said Wikelski. Because of a revolution in tagging technology, tiny digital transmitters—using small batteries and cheap and plentiful GPS devices—have made it possible to make tags that are only a few grams in weight.“We are now able to track most things.Understanding how creatures react to geological changes is only one area of interest in that revolution，” added Wikelski.“For instance, we can survey wildlife health from space.” By monitoring tagged animals, scientists can detect an outbreak of an infectious disease in the wild in a timely manner, which could be important for controlling the disease's impact on farms.The technology should also help scientists to understand the processes that drive animal migrations.“Similarly, we will be able to study animal populations to determine how they are responding to habitat changes caused by global warming，” said Wikelski. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用标记技术，通过卫星来监测动物们的运动，这对于预测自然灾害有重要意义。 5．Why are various animals recruited in the study? A．To identify animal species. B．To test digital transmitters. C．To protect animal habitats. D．To predict natural disasters. D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在研究中招募各种动物是为了预测自然灾害。故选D。 6．What does “this latter area” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Animal health. B．Wildlife migrations. C．A global observation network. D．Animal reactions to natural phenomena. D　词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，“后者这一领域”指的是上文提到的动物对自然现象的反应。故选D。 7．What application of the technology is mentioned in the last paragraph? A．Fueling research into global warming. B．Preventing a disease outbreak in the wild. C.Protecting farms from infections caused by wildlife. D．Reducing the effect of animal migration on humans. C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By monitoring tagged animals ... the disease's impact on farms.”可知，最后一段提到了该技术在保护农场免受野生动植物引起的感染方面的应用。故选C。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The sign of natural disasters. B．The use of tagging technology. C．The impact of habitat changes. D．The mystery of animal migration. B　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和最后一段中“Because of a revolution ... added Wikelski.”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家利用标记技术，通过卫星来监测动物们的运动，这对于预测自然灾害有重要意义。故选B。 C (2025·湖南师范大学附属中学高三下一模) Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates.Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this 18­year­old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.These ground tremors (small earthquakes) are the world's deadliest natural disasters.And they're often unpredictable. Earthquake early warning systems do exist.One is the Shake Alert system on the US West Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes.Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake.But it's hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place.And people closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking before they can get an alert. Therefore, Vivien built an at­home earthquake sensor.Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake.Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts.To build it, Vivien bought a machine and watched online videos to learn how to use it.Then she went to work in a spare bathroom. During nine months of testing, Vivien's Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles.The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer (地震仪) in the Southern California Seismic Network. Vivien is now building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles.“I have eight devices in different homes，” she says.A widespread Qube network could serve a role similar to that of Shake Alert seismic stations.When one Qube starts to shake, it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake.But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive.About the size of a Rubik's cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make.So, many more of them could be installed around a city. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自南加州的高中生薇薇安，鉴于地震频发的现状，发明了一种名为Qube的地震传感器设备，该设备体积小、成本低，更易于在城市中广泛应用。 9．What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little? A．She used to like playing hide and seek in school. B．She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake. C．She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill. D．She showed no interest in studying natural disasters. B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，薇薇安小时候经常处于经历地震的风险中。故选B项。 10．Why does the author mention the Shake Alert system? A．To prove the necessity of early earthquake monitoring stations. B．To compare Shake Alert with Vivien's Qube in terms of accuracy. C．To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection. D．To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems. D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者提到Shake Alert系统是为了展示现有地震预警系统的缺点，从而引出薇薇安发明Qube的必要性。故选D项。 11．What's the main function of Vivien He's device? A．Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. B．Collecting data about minor earthquakes. C．Predicting the centre of an earthquake. D．Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，薇薇安的设备的主要功能是监测震动并发送警报。故选A项。 12．What's implied about the network of Qubes? A．It's very challenging to build it. B．It has limitations in large cities. C．It can be easily applied at a low cost. D．It just requires eight devices in each place. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，Qube网络可以低成本地轻松应用。故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三上期中) A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster.1( ) Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell services.Here are some of the best ways you can get your phone in the best shape to help you. Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly.2( ) If possible, leave it plugged in until the last minute.Also charge any backup batteries and laptops, then make sure all charging cords are collected in one place to take with you.If the power is out, or if you're no longer someplace with an outlet, you'll need to make any charges last as long as possible. 3( ) Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone from working.You'll typically see a warning sign on the screen if this happens.If you can turn it off, don't turn it back on until it's back to an acceptable temperature.Whether it's extreme cold or heat, avoid leaving your phone exposed and don't leave it in a car. Your friends and family will want to know if you are safe.If you are not, they will also need to know your location.Send your location to everyone via text, so they'll know where to look if you lose contact.Make sure to include people outside of the disaster zone.If you are using a GPS location­sharing option, don't just send your current spot one time.4( ) If you're struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch or give you helpful information.5( ) For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn't available.Put in your main location, hit the three dots in the corner, and select Download Offline Map.You can crop the exact area you think you'll need. A．You should select the option to share it constantly. B．Charge your phone and any additional devices ahead of time. C．Don't use your phone for a long time when in a natural disaster. D．It can connect you instantly to assistance and real­time resources. E．Most modern phones are sturdy but sensitive to their environments. F．Download and set them up early as part of your disaster preparation. G．If your phone gets wet, shake out any excess water and remove the battery. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了自然灾害中如何保持手机功能正常以确保安全的实用建议。 1．D　上下文说明智能手机在自然灾害中很重要，但是许多灾害会夺走手机正常工作所依赖的电力和蜂窝服务，空处承上启下，衔接前后两部分内容，说明智能手机的重要性，D选项“它可以让你立即连接到援助和实时资源”符合语境，既承接上文智能手机的重要性，又引出下文在自然灾害中如何使智能手机发挥最大作用。故选D。 2．B　上下文说明要做好电力中断的准备及具体措施，空处需要一个句子来引导具体的准备措施，说明要提前给手机充电，B选项“提前给你的手机和任何其他设备充电”直接提到了准备措施之一，符合语境。故选B。 3．E　下文说明手机电池在不同环境下效率不同，空处应引出下文，说明手机与环境的相关内容，E选项“大多数现代手机都很坚固，但对环境很敏感”指出了手机对环境条件敏感的事实，符合语境。故选E。 4．A　上文说明要多次发送位置，空处承接上文，指导用户如何正确使用位置共享功能，A选项“你应该选择持续共享它的选项”提供了正确的使用方法，符合语境。故选A。 5．F　上下文说明要提前下载好应用程序，空处承上启下，应建议用户提前下载这些应用程序，F选项“提前下载并设置好它们，作为你灾难准备的一部分”提醒用户提前做好准备，符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the Earth. 1 (actual), every second about 100 lightning strikes hit 2 surface of the Earth.In some parts of the world, for example in India, summer lightning storms are very common. With the rainy season 3 (begin) there, storms often cover most of the country's northern area.A newspaper once 4 (report) that lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India. If you are outside，5 (expert) say you should take cover，6 means finding a safe shelter for protection.During a lightning storm, no place outside is safe.If you hear thunder, lightning is close enough to hit you.Most lightning victims are in open areas or near a tree. If you are indoors during a lightning storm, you could still be 7 danger.Stay off wired phones, computers and other 8 (equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity.Avoid any area with running water and stay away from windows and doors.Specialists at the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save 9 (they) lives.It is safe 10 (touch) a lightning strike victim.People struck by lightning do not carry charge. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了闪电是袭击地球最强大的力量之一，还介绍了正确应对雷暴天气的一些办法。 1．Actually　考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词，且位于句首首字母大写。故填Actually。 2．the　考查冠词。此处特指“地球的表面”，应用定冠词。故填the。 3．beginning　考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构，begin与宾语the rainy season是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填beginning。 4．reported　考查动词的时态。设空处在主句中作谓语，结合时间状语once可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填reported。 5．experts　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主句的主语，expert为可数名词，根据下文中主句的谓语动词say为原形可知，此处应为复数形式。故填experts。 6．which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文中的“you should take cover”，从句中缺少主语。故填which。 7．in　考查固定搭配。固定搭配in danger意为“处于危险中”。故填in。 8．equipment　考查名词。此处作介词off的宾语，应用名词，equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。 9．their　考查代词。此处修饰名词lives，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 10．to touch　考查非谓语动词。此处为“It be＋adj.＋不定式短语”结构，句中的It作形式主语，此处应用不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to touch。 障碍词汇 A篇 superheat vt.使过热，极度加热　vessel n．(人体的)血管，脉管　surgeon n．外科医生 B篇 forecast n．预测；预报　fleet n．(卫星、船只等的)舰队　sensor n．传感器　geological adj.地质的；与地质相关的　habitat n．栖息地 C篇 drill n．演练；训练　tremor n．震动；微震　magnitude n．(地震的)震级；规模　geophone n．地震检波器；地音探测器　seismic adj.地震的；与地震有关的 七选五 backup adj.备用的 n．备份(物)　outlet n．电源插座　crop vt.裁剪(图片、区域等) 熟词生义 A篇 course n．课程；过程；航向(常用义)→(文章义)vi.(电流、液体等)流过，穿过 B篇 tag n．标签；标牌(常用义)→(文章义)vt.给……做标记 C篇 strike vt.& vi.击打；敲击；罢工；(钟)敲响(常用义)→(文章义)vi.(地震)发生；爆发 词缀变形 A篇 compose vt.组成；撰写 vt.使镇静；使平静→composer n．作曲家→composition n．成分；构成；作品；作曲；创作→composure n．镇静　explode vi. & vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；爆破→explosive adj.易爆炸的；爆炸式的；爆发的 B篇 volcano n．火山→volcanic adj.火山的；火山引起的　migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居→migrate vi.(随季节变化)迁徙；移居；迁移；移动；转移　predict vt.预测；预言；预料→prediction n．预测；预言→predictable adj.可预见的；意料之中的→predictability n．可预测性　infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.传染性的；有感染力的→infected adj.受感染的 C篇 detective n．侦探；警探→detect vt.发现；查明→detection n．侦查；探测；察觉；发现→detector n．探测器；侦察器；检测器 核心词块 A篇 be struck by lightning被闪电击中　course through one's body穿过某人的身体　rewiring of neurons神经元重塑 B篇 tiny transmitters微型发射器　tagging technology标记技术 C篇 out of luck 运气不好　the size of ... 的尺寸/大小 七选五 cell service手机信号；蜂窝网络服务　backup batteries备用电池　charging cord充电线　power outage停电 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $