单元测评22 选修2 UNIT 1 SOIENCE AND SCIENTISTS （Word练习）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“科学与科学家”主题，整合阅读、完形、语法等模块，通过真题典例系统提炼题型解法，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇8题|细节题定位原文、词义猜测依语境、主旨题抓核心|按“事实理解→逻辑推理→主旨概括”递进| |阅读七选五|1篇5题|上下文衔接、主题句呼应、逻辑关系分析|以“问题解决”为主线，构建语篇连贯思维| |完形填空|1篇15题|语境分析、词义辨析、情感线索追踪|通过人物故事串联词汇运用与语篇理解| |语法填空|1篇10题|词形变化、从句引导词、非谓语动词等规则|语法知识在真实语境中的综合应用|

单元测评22　UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (限时：45分钟　满分：62.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2026·福州名校联盟第一次诊断) 　　Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life.At 43，he felt prematurely old and advertised for a mature，multilingual (会多种语言的) woman to serve as secretary and household manager. The ideal candidate，Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky，worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner.Despite this，Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange.Over the years，Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race.She wrote a famous book，Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement.No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace.Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel，the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo，Italy，on December 10，1896.When his will was opened，it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics，Chemistry，Physiology or Medicine，Literature and Peace.Two young engineers，Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist，were appointed executors (遗嘱执行人).They formed the Nobel Foundation to manage the funds and coordinate the awards，and this was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist.Besides，Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era.He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays.The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平事迹。 1.Who was Bertha mentioned in the text？ A.A peace activist and Nobel Prize winner. B.Nobel’s long-term secretary and household manager. C.A manager of Nobel’s industrial enterprises. D.A relative who contested Nobel’s will. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over the years，Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race.She wrote a famous book，Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement.”和“Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel，the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha.”可知，贝尔塔·冯·苏特纳是一位和平运动的活动家，也是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者。故选A。 2.What is the probable meaning of “epistolary exchange” in Paragraph 2？ A.A scientific experiment shared by mail. B.A precise academic paper. C.A public speech delivered internationally. D.A continuous written correspondence. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和画线词所在句可知，贝尔塔曾为诺贝尔工作过，后来离开了，但他们仍然保持着联系，由此可推测，画线短语epistolary exchange指的是他们之间的通信，即“持续的书面通信”。故选D。 3.Why was Nobel’s will considered surprising？ A.It appointed engineers as executors. B.It assigned his fortune to set prizes. C.It included a prize inspired by Bertha. D.It faced challenges from authorities. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“When his will was opened，it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics，Chemistry，Physiology or Medicine，Literature and Peace.”可知，诺贝尔的遗嘱令人惊讶是因为他将财富用于设立奖项。故选B。 4.Which of the following can best summarize the traits of Alfred Nobel？ A.Industrious and visionary. B.Ambitious and materialistic. C.Practical but illiterate. D.Reclusive and dishonest. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life.”和最后一段可知，诺贝尔工作勤奋，并且持有诸多超越时代的见解，具有远见。由此可推知，他是一个勤奋(industrious )且有远见的人(visionary)。故选A。 B (2026·河南安阳市9月调研) 　　To determine the type and severity of a cancer，scientists usually analyze thin slices of a tumor(肿瘤) under a microscope.But to tell how the tumor is treated，scientists must perform genetic sequencing(排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor，a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars. But now，Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells.The tool was created using data from more than 7，000 diverse tumor samples.The team showed that it could be used routinely to predict genetic variations in breast cancers and to predict patient outcomes. “This kind of software could be used to quickly identify gene signatures in patients’ tumors，speeding up clinical (临床的) decision-making and saving the health care system thousands of dollars，” said Olivier Gevaert，PhD. The researchers began with 7，584 cancer biopsies (活检) from 16 different cancer types.Each biopsy had been sliced into thin sections and prepared.After the researchers integrated their new cancer biopsies as well as other datasets，including images from thousands of healthy cells，the AI program—which they named SEQUOIA—was able to predict the expression patterns of more than 15，000 different genes from the stained images. To test the effect of SEQUOIA for clinical decision-making，Gevaert and his colleagues identified breast cancer genes that the model could accurately predict the expression of and that are already used in commercial breast cancer genomic tests. The AI model can’t yet be used in a clinical setting，but Gevaert said his team is studying its potential applications.In the future，he said，SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests.“We’ve shown how useful this could be for breast cancer，and we can now use it for all cancers，” he said.“It’s a whole new source of data that we didn’t have before.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具。 5.How do scientists usually find out the treatment of a tumor？ A.By analyzing its thin slices. B.By using a computational program. C.By performing genetic sequencing. D.By referring to routinely collected data. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“But to tell how the tumor is treated，scientists must perform genetic sequencing (排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor，a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars.”可知，科学家通常通过进行基因测序来确定如何治疗肿瘤，故选C。 6.What can we know about SEQUOIA from the passage？ A.It has been widely used. B.It can predict all genes’ activity. C.It has reduced the cost of gene tests. D.It’s likely to lessen the requirement for costly genetic tests. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the future，he said，SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests.”可知，SEQUOIA可能会减少对昂贵的基因检测的需求，故选D。 7.What did Gevaert think of the future of the AI model？ A.Potential. B.Useless. C.Changeable. D.Ambiguous. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Gevaert认为这种人工智能模型未来很有潜力，故选A。 8.What is the main idea of the passage？ A.A new tool for analyzing tumor slices. B.An AI tool to predict tumor gene activity. C.An attempt to perform original genetic sequencing. D.AI technology to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文内容，尤其根据第二段中“But now，Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells.”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具，故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·新高考八省最后一卷) 　　Fear is a natural emotion that serves as a protective mechanism，alerting (使意识到) us to potential dangers.However，when fear becomes intense，it can slow our growth and prevent us from seizing opportunities.　1　 Here are four steps to help you face fear with confidence. Identify why the fear is there.Is it fear of the unknown？ Concern about failure？ Worry about others’ opinions？ Or perhaps it’s because success matters so deeply to you.　2　 Get comfortable with failure.Let’s face it：Failure is a part of life.You are bound to make mistakes，take missteps，and fail.　3　 Instead of fearing failure，embrace (拥抱) it as a teacher.Sure，some failures carry greater risks than others，but most mistakes are opportunities to grow in ways you otherwise wouldn’t. 　4　 Stop and think over how far you’ve come and how much you’ve grown.Every challenge you’ve faced has contributed to the courageous person you are today.Sure，we all have off days when we feel less courageous than others，but taking a step back to look at the big picture is a powerful motivator. Remind yourself of your strengths.What are your biggest and best strengths that you love to use？ How can you use them to face this challenge？　5　 If you’re learning something new，bring your natural abilities to play.For example，if you’re too shy to meet new people，use your talent for deep conversations.If you’re a writer exploring creativity through art，remind yourself that if you can create with words，you can also create with a paintbrush. A.Reflect on your growth. B.Engage in positive self-talk. C.That’s how you learn and improve. D.Every small act of courage deserves recognition. E.Understanding the source of your fear helps you work with it. F.Doing what you do best will make you feel braver to face anything. G.Understanding and managing fear is crucial for personal development. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个自信地面对恐惧的方法。 1.答案：G 解析：上文“However，when fear becomes intense，it can slow our growth and prevent us from seizing opportunities.”提到了过度恐惧对我们的负面影响，G选项“理解和控制恐惧对个人发展至关重要。”能承接上文并引出下文四个方法的阐述，符合语境。故选G。 2.答案：E 解析：根据本段主题句“Identify why the fear is there.”可知，本段内容主要是找出你恐惧的原因，选项E中the source of your fear与本段主题句呼应，说明找出恐惧存在的原因的益处。故选E。 3.答案：C 解析：上文“You are bound to make mistakes，take missteps，and fail.”提到了我们都会犯错误和失败，C选项与上文构成顺承关系，进一步强调和说明犯错误的重要性。故选C。 4.答案：A 解析：空处为本段的主题句。下文“Stop and think over how far you’ve come and how much you’ve grown.Every challenge you’ve faced has contributed to the courageous person you are today.”提到了反思自己，所以A选项“反思你的成长。”能概括本段内容。故选A。 5.答案：F 解析：根据本段主题句“Remind yourself of your strengths.”可知，本段主要内容是提醒自己的长处，选项F中what you do best与主题句中的strengths相呼应，说明做自己擅长的事情的好处。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·济南市高考针对性训练) 　　In just a few weeks，the University of Northern Colorado will be filled with students eager to take on the new school year.Yet for now，Candelaria Hall is 　1　，and Terri Ball，an administrative assistant in the School of Communication，is waiting for the cheerful 　2　 of the first week of the new term. Ball has been working for the university for nearly a decade，and has　3　 every moment of her role.The main section of Ball’s job is to 　4　 with the lively students in her department，guiding them toward the right 　5　 for their unique college journey.Her 　6　 mindset not only puts students at ease but also inspires them to approach challenges with optimism. For Ball，being　7　 is the core of who she is，without which she feels she would be 　8　，and she works hard to share this belief with her students. Ball’s devotion　9　 students continuous encouragement and assistance.She recalled a shy young man who 　10　 under her guidance—from struggling with basic shading to mastering polished portraits (肖像).In his senior year，the invitation from a national gallery offered him a chance to showcase his works and his confidence Ball helped 　11　. Likewise，Ball develops a warm feeling in her heart，as she witnesses each student’s victory—a scholarship　12　，a voice found in debate club，even a nervous application 　13　 a promising career path.These moments become evidence of her consistent 　14　.Ball smiles，certain that the seeds she sows in young minds will 　15　 push through the ground. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了北科罗拉多大学行政助理Terri Ball通过积极引导和帮助学生，见证他们成长与蜕变的故事，展现了她对学生的奉献及其工作的意义。 1.A.bright B.silent C.crowded D.locked 答案：B 解析：根据上文“In just a few weeks，the University of Northern Colorado will be filled with students” 可知，目前学生尚未返校，大厅应处于 “寂静” 状态，与下文“cheerful” 形成对比。故选B。 2.A.means B.chaos C.disaster D.attitude 答案：B 解析：根据常识可知，新学期伊始通常伴随新生入学的忙乱，“chaos”符合“cheerful”所描述的热闹且略带忙乱的氛围。故选B。 3.A.managed B.tolerated C.assessed D.enjoyed 答案：D 解析：根据下文描述 Ball 积极投入工作、帮助学生可推知，她对工作充满热情，“enjoyed”符合其态度。故选D。 4.A.connect B.wrestle C.live D.pair 答案：A 解析：根据下文“guiding them toward the right”可知，Ball的工作是与学生互动并引导他们，“connect with”为固定搭配，符合语境。故选A。 5.A.balance B.routine C.track D.major 答案：C 解析：“track”在此比喻“人生轨道 /路径”，与“college journey”呼应，指适合学生的发展道路。故选C。 6.A.refreshing B.uplifting C.flexible D.practical 答案：B 解析：根据下文“inspires them to approach challenges with optimism”可知，Ball的心态具有激励性，“uplifting”符合“乐观”的语境。故选B。 7.A.ambitious B.confident C.positive D.insightful 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Her 　　mindset not only puts students at ease but also inspires them to approach challenges with optimism.”可知，保持积极是她的核心本质。故选C。 8.A.fooled B.ashamed C.spent D.lost 答案：D 解析：根据上文“being 　　is the core of who she is”可知，下文的“without which”指缺乏“positive”的心态，与之对应的状态是“lost”，表示失去自我核心。故选D。 9.A.feeds B.earns C.saves D.awards 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Ball’s devotion”以及根据下文学生在她帮助下成长的事例可知，她的奉献为学生们提供了持续的鼓励和帮助。故选A。 10.A.bounced B.rocketed C.celebrated D.stretched 答案：B 解析：根据下文“from struggling with basic shading to mastering polished portraits (肖像)”可知，学生从困难到精通，进步显著，“rocketed”形象地表达“迅速成长”。故选B。 11.A.shift B.admire C.evaluate D.build 答案：D 解析：根据上文“a shy young man”到“showcase his works”的变化可知，自信是在Ball的帮助下建立起来的。故选D。 12.A.secured B.established C.gathered D.discovered 答案：A 解析：根据上文“she witnesses each student’s victory”可知，此处指获得奖学金。故选A。 13.A.bringing in B.arising from C.giving away D.leading to 答案：D 解析：根据上文“a nervous application”和下文“a promising career path”可知，此处指通往前途光明的职业道路。故选D。 14.A.memory B.wisdom C.commitment D.possession 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Ball’s devotion”可知，全文围绕Ball对学生的奉献展开，“commitment”与上文呼应，指她的持续付出。故选C。 15.A.hardly B.definitely C.likely D.immediately 答案：B 解析：根据上文“smiles，certain that”可知，Ball对学生的成长充满信心，“definitely”强调必然性。故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·济南市高考针对性训练) 　　For Chen Honghan，a student from Nizhuhe Village in Xuanwei，Yunnan，the dangerous three-hour mountain hike to school has been replaced by a safe 30-minute journey thanks to the “cloud school bus”. Nizhuhe Village，situated deep in the mountains，was once linked to Wanquan Primary School by a dangerous journey along cliffside (悬崖边) 1.　　　　 (path).Every school day，Chen and her classmates 2.　　　　 (brave) muddy，narrow routes and makeshift stone steps just 3.　　　　 (reach) their school high atop the cliffs.It was no wonder that those parents 4.　　　　 children faced safety risks on these daily trips remained constantly worried. This challenging journey changed 5.　　　　 (remarkable) in 2017 with the launch of Nizhuhe Grand Canyon eco-tourism project.A cliffside lift and a cable car (缆车)，6.　　　　 (construct) in 2022，offer villagers free access to the peak.Today，the “cloud school bus”combines a bus ride，a 268-meter lift，and a 200-meter cable car，transforming 7.　　　　 previous dangerous trip into a safe and enjoyable experience. The impact has been far-reaching.Chen，who once considered 8.　　　　 (drop) out due to the dangers，now safely takes her younger sisters to school.Beyond safeguarding children，the project has boosted tourism，turning 9.　　　　 was once an overlooked village into a tourist destination.Villagers have seized the opportunity and significantly improved their livelihoods by launching businesses，10.　　　　 farmstays，coffee shops，and guesthouses. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是云南山区学生陈红韩通过“云端校车”摆脱危险上学路、实现安全求学的感人故事。 1.答案：paths 解析：path 为可数名词，根据语境可知，“悬崖边的小路”不止一条，故填paths。 2.答案：braved 解析：陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，故填braved。 3.答案：to reach 解析：动词不定式to do 结构可作目的状语，此处“to reach” 表示 “为了到达”。故填to reach。 4.答案：whose 解析：空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为parents，空格后 children 与 parents 为所属关系，故填whose。 5.答案：remarkably 解析：空格处修饰动词 changed，需用副词形式，故填 remarkably。 6.答案：constructed 解析：空格前A cliffside lift and a cable car (缆车)与construct之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。 7.答案：the 解析：定冠词 the 用于特指前文提到的事物，此处指代孩子们过去上学的危险路径。故填the。 8.答案：dropping 解析：consider doing sth为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”。故填dropping。 9.答案：what 解析：空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。 10.答案：like 解析：farmstays，coffee shops，and guesthouses 是对 businesses 的举例，like 作为介词，意为 “例如”，故填like。 学生用书⬇第218页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $