单元测评5 必修1 5 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS （Word练习）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

**基本信息** 以自然灾难为主题，整合不同体裁语篇，通过题型分类解析构建“定位-推断-归纳”三阶解题体系，强化语言能力与思维品质协同发展。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15题（含细节、推理等）|细节题关键词定位，推理题上下文逻辑分析，主旨题体裁特征归纳|从产品说明到科学研究，构建“现象-原理-应用”认知链，覆盖高频考点| |阅读七选五|5题|衔接词分析，上下文语义匹配|按“震前-震时-震后”时间逻辑，强化语篇连贯思维，提升信息整合能力|

单元测评5　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (限时：35分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2025·山东省潍坊市三轮拉练三) 　　This coffee cup is a high-quality product designed for coffee lovers.It is made with great attention to detail to enhance your coffee-drinking experience. Material The cup is made of high-quality ceramic.Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well，keeping your coffee warm for a longer period.It also gives a smooth and pleasant touch when you hold the cup.The handle is firmly attached to the cup.It is made of the same ceramic material，ensuring durability and a seamless (无缝的) look. Design ◆The coffee cup has a standard capacity of 300ml.This size is perfect for a regular cup of coffee，whether it is a latte (拿铁)，espresso，or cappuccino. ◆The cup has a classic round shape.The opening is wide enough for easy sipping and also allows the pleasant smell to be fully released. Usage Instructions ◆Before using the coffee cup for the first time，it is recommended to wash it with warm water and mild cleaner. ◆When pouring coffee into the cup，be careful not to overfill it. ◆After use，wash the cup instantly.It is dishwasher-safe，but hand-washing can also be used to extend its lifespan (使用寿命). Maintenance ◆Avoid sudden temperature changes.For example，do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water，as this may cause the ceramic to break. ◆Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款高质量咖啡杯的材质、设计、使用说明和维护保养等内容。 1.Which section can readers refer to for storage requirements？ A.Material. B.Design. C.Usage Instructions. D.Maintenance. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章中的“Maintenance”部分提到的“Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place.”可知，读者可以参考“Maintenance”部分来了解存储要求。 2.What do we know about the cup’s material？ A.It is sensitive to mild cleaner. B.It has properties of absorbing heat. C.It helps smooth the holder’s hand skin. D.It is subject to sudden temperature changes. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据“Material”部分提到的“Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well”以及“Maintenance”部分提到的“Avoid sudden temperature changes.For example，do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water，as this may cause the ceramic to break.”可知，陶瓷材料虽然保温性能好，但容易因温差过大而破裂。故选D。 3.What is the text？ A.A product report. B.A user guide. C.A cup advertisement. D.A coffee recipe. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。文章主要介绍了咖啡杯的材料(Material)、设计(Design)、使用说明(Usage Instructions)和保养方法(Maintenance)，目的是帮助用户正确使用和保养咖啡杯。这种内容通常出现在用户指南中。因此，文章最可能是一份用户指南。故选B。 B (2026·武汉市部分高中九月调研) 　　At first sight，Easthope doesn’t seem much like a Cassandra.She smiles a lot.Her manner is kind and motherly； pushed to name her profession，you might guess at nurse or teacher.But look closer. Easthope is an emergency planner whose job is to support the survivors of major disasters，in which capacity she acted following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the fire at Grenfell Tower.For two decades，the public knew nothing about this vital work，which went on behind the scenes，though she was hugely admired in what we might call professional disaster circles： a voice of calm and a fountain of wisdom.But in 2023，she published a best-selling book about her career，When the Dust Settles，and that changed.People became very interested in what she did. “At literary festivals，most authors get questions about their writing process，” Easthope says.“But I wouldn’t get those.What people wanted from me was to know how I lived with the knowledge that I have.Wasn’t I afraid？ How did I handle？ I would tell them that I didn’t live afraid，and I would give them basic advice.But this wasn’t enough.” In the end，she felt she had no choice but to write a second book，one in which she would try to distill (浓缩) all that she has learned for the benefit of each individual. While her publisher describes Come What May as a roadmap for resilience (韧性)，the word is one Easthope dislikes.Ready，she suggests，is a better one.Easthope also reminds people that small things，like losing hair during illness or consuming too much food after someone dies，still matter.She encourages people to remember，not to forget，what happened during disasters，because such events leave a long-lasting effect. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述身为应急规划师的伊斯特霍普看似温和，实则曾参与重大灾害救援，此前公众鲜少知晓她。2023年出书后受关注，因读者需求再著书分享经验，她认为应对灾难应关注细微痛苦、铭记灾害影响。 4.What might a Cassandra be like according to Paragraph 1？ A.Severe and forbidding. B.Competent and cautious. C.Friendly and energetic. D.Cheerful and approachable. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“At first sight，Easthope doesn’t seem much like a Cassandra.She smiles a lot.Her manner is kind and motherly； pushed to name her profession，you might guess at nurse or teacher.”可知，伊斯特霍普笑容爽朗，举止亲切又充满母性，一点都不像“卡珊德拉式的人物”。由此推知，“卡珊德拉式的人物”是严肃且不易亲近的。故选A。 5.What led to increased public awareness of Easthope’s work in 2023？ A.The publication of a best-seller. B.The growth of professional disaster circles. C.Her involvement in 2004 tsunami relief. D.Her sudden rise to fame through media. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“For two decades，the public knew nothing about this vital work...People became very interested in what she did.”可知，2023年出版的畅销书让公众对伊斯特霍普的工作有了更多认识。故选A。 6.Why are readers’ questions cited in Paragraph 3？ A.To reveal Easthope’s personal fears. B.To explain Easthope’s writing process. C.To show Easthope’s writing motivation. D.To present public doubts about Easthope’s work. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“I would tell them that I didn’t live afraid...she has learned for the benefit of each individual.”推知，作者在第三段引用那些问题的目的是展示伊斯特霍普写作的动力。故选C。 7.What does Easthope agree on handling disasters？ A.Resilience matters most. B.Forgetting aids recovery. C.Positive thinking takes the lead. D.Minor sufferings deserve attention. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在应对灾难方面伊斯特霍普提醒人们关注细微的痛苦。故选D。 C (2025·济南市高考针对性训练) 　　Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes： tectonic plates (构造板块) move，causing strain energy (应变能) to build up，and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake.However，forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge，which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster，it resulted in more than 18，000 deaths. In recent years，researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes.Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes，a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility，confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate，as affected by solar heat，played a role. “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes，which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement，” said Junqueira Saldanha，leader of the research team.“Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart.For example，the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries.While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes，they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings，the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth.They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model，the forecasting became more accurate，especially for shallow earthquakes.“That makes sense，since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust (地壳)，” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes，however minutely，and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts.“It’s an exciting direction，and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes，” said Saldanha. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对太阳活动与地震之间关系的研究，指出太阳热量传递到地球表面会对地震产生影响，将太阳活动预测纳入地球温度模型可能有助于地震预报。 8.Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in Paragraph 1？ A.To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B.To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C.To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D.To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However，forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge，which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.”可知，提及该地震是为了论证前文“地震预测困难”的观点。故选B。 9.What does the study by UT mainly focus on？ A.The climate change caused by earthquakes. B.The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C.The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D.The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该研究聚焦太阳黑子与地震的关联。故选D。 10.Which of the following would Saldanha agree？ A.Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B.Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C.Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D.Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Saldanha认为太阳活动数据对预测地震有帮助。故选D。 11.What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean？ A.Reveal. B.Distinguish. C.Expand. D.Assess. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段 “we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes”可知，decipher后的宾语是 “地震成因的更大图景”，结合前文研究的目的是弄清楚太阳活动与地震的关系，以帮助预测地震，也就是要“揭示”地震成因等相关内容。故选 A。 D (2026·深圳市多校第一次质量检测) 　　For more than a decade，a team of researchers have studied the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet as it responds to a warming climate.But while much of their focus has been on water’s impacts on ice sheet change，their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking.Meierbachtol，Harper and their team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real impact on the massive groundwater system underlying Greenland. This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques.International cooperators made an angled hole 650 meters through bedrock underneath a Greenland glacier (冰川) to measure groundwater conditions under the ice.Meanwhile，researchers drilled 32 holes from atop the glacier，through nearly a kilometer of ice，to measure water conditions at the area between ice and bedrock，which forms an important boundary controlling groundwater flow below.After drilling，the team fixed sensors in the ice column and at the ice sheet bed to measure ice dynamics and water conditions as water flows under the ice. “By studying areas covered by ice 10，000 years ago，we have known that the huge mass and vast amounts of water from melting ice can impact the underlying groundwater，” Meierbachtol said.“It’s generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its response to ice sheet change is long： thousands of years.But what we’ve shown here is that it is immediate.” This new understanding could have important subsequent effects on how Greenland’s thinning impacts the Arctic.The thinning ice could reduce the rate of groundwater flow to the ocean，changing the water temperature and salinity (盐度) balance that is important for ocean circulation (循环) patterns.“In thinking about the complex feedbacks from Greenland’s ongoing change，we have really ignored the groundwater component，” Harper said. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了格陵兰冰盖变化影响其地下水的研究。 12.How do the researchers feel about the result of the recent study？ A.Surprised. B.Doubtful. C.Satisfied. D.Disappointed. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“But while much of their focus has been on water’s impacts on ice sheet change，their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking.”可知，研究结果打破了研究者之前的认知，他们对结果应是感到惊讶的。故选A。 13.What contributes most to the new research about the Greenland Ice Sheet？ A.Joint efforts from global experts. B.Advanced sensors tracking ice dynamics. C.Ideal bedrock stability for measurements. D.A combination of two drilling approaches. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，两种钻探方法的结合是新研究得以开展的关键。故选D。 14.What is a misunderstanding of the groundwater under glaciers？ A.Its component is complex. B.It is inactive for a long time. C.It has a very large volume. D.Its temperature is changeable. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’s generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its response to ice sheet change is long： thousands of years.But what we’ve shown here is that it is immediate.”可知，“地下水长期不活跃”是之前的误解。故选B。 15.What does the text mainly talk about？ A.Long-lasting effects of global warming on the Arctic. B.Water impacts on the Greenland’s permanent ice sheet. C.Newly discovered groundwater resources in Greenland. D.Greenland’s groundwater changes with thinning ice sheet. 答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Meierbachtol，Harper and their team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real impact on the massive groundwater system underlying Greenland.”可知，文章主要介绍了格陵兰冰盖变化对其下庞大的地下水系统有切实影响。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) [2025·沈阳市质量监测(三)] 　　Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds.　1　 Proper preparation and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can significantly increase your chances of staying safe.This guide helps you prepare，respond，and recover effectively. Before the quake One important way to prepare for a quake is to try to make your home safe.The stuff inside your home is just as important as the walls themselves.Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.　2　 Move large or heavy objects to lower shelves，install latches (门闩) on cupboards，and secure any large appliances like water heaters. When the shaking starts 　3　 In many situations that means remembering three actions： drop，cover，and hold. Drop： Get down on your hands and knees immediately.This position protects you from falling but still allows you to move if necessary. Cover： Place your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) underneath a strong table or desk. Hold： Stay put until the shaking stops.Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. After the shaking calms Even after the ground grows still，the danger is not necessarily over.As the Earth settles from its quake，it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks.　4　 The first quake is then called a foreshock，and the second is called a mainshock. Still，once the shaking calms，it’s time to start getting ready for more.First，check for injuries.Next，check the gas and electric lines，and turn them off if you can do so safely.And if you are inside a heavily damaged structure，get yourself and others out as soon as possible.If you’re trapped，stay calm.Protect your mouth，nose，and eyes from the dust.Make noise to get responders’ attention.　5　 A.Protect yourself as quickly as possible. B.There are generally two types of quakes. C.They occur most often near plate boundaries. D.If you are outside，keep an eye out for danger. E.A second quake might occasionally bigger than the first. F.Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization. G.They can strike anywhere，at any time，and without warning. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章聚焦地震灾害及应对措施，先点明其不可预测性与强破坏性，随后按震前、震时、震后三阶段，具体说明各阶段的准备、应对及恢复要点。 1.答案：G 解析：上文“Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds.”强调了地震的不可预测性和破坏性。选项G进一步说明地震可以在任何地点、任何时间毫无预兆地发生，与上文衔接紧密，且引出下文关于地震应对的内容。故选G。 2.答案：F 解析：上文“Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.”提出要检查房间里可能掉落或破碎的东西。选项F中的this指代上文寻找可能掉落或破碎东西这件事，且说明了处理这些问题的方法是重新整理，符合语境。故选F。 3.答案：A 解析：下文“In many situations that means remembering three actions： drop，cover，and hold.”介绍了地震发生时的具体应对动作。选项A概括了这部分内容的主旨，即尽快保护自己，引出下文。故选A。 4.答案：E 解析：上文“As the Earth settles from its quake，it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks.”指出地震后会有一系列较小的余震。选项E进一步说明了地震的情况，这里的“第二次地震”可以理解为余震，且余震有时可能比主震更大，与上文余震的内容相关，符合语境。故选E。 5.答案：D 解析：空格上文主要介绍了地震后在室内的应对措施。选项D则补充了在室外的情况，即要留意危险，与上文在室内的情况相呼应，使文章关于地震后应对措施的介绍更加全面。故选D。 学生用书⬇第57页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $