专题3 3 第三讲 代词和数词（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦代词（人称、物主、反身、it、不定、指示）和数词核心考点，按“基本用法-特殊功能-真题应用”逻辑分层梳理，通过表格对比归纳、考点解析、即学即练、高考真题微练等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破语境中代词格、数及数词转化的难点。 讲义采用“考点-方法-真题”三维联动教学策略，如通过不定代词对比表格培养学生辨析思维，数词转化规则结合真题填空训练提升语言应用能力。设置基础巩固与真题实战分层练习，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

第三讲　代词和数词 　　近几年，高考语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，解题时要根据语境和句意判断人称、数和代词的格。 考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的基本用法 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾/表语 定语 主/表/宾语 宾语、表 语、同位语 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 考点二　it的基本用法 1.it可作人称代词，主要指某样东西、抽象事物、不知性别的孩子或不明确的人。 That vase is valuable.It is more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵。它有200多年的历史。 2.it也可指代时间、距离、天气等。 It is early spring，but it is already hot. 现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。 3.it作形式主语或形式宾语，指代动词不定式、动词-ing形式、名词性从句。 ①It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.As is known to us all，he is so stubborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此的固执。 ②We would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.坦白说，如果货物能尽快送到，我们将会感激不尽。 考点三　不定代词 1.either，both，neither，all，any either 肯定意义 表示“两者中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数 both 肯定意义 表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数 neither 否定意义 表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数 all 肯定意义 作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致 any 肯定意义 作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用 [名师指津]　both，all与not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定时应用neither，any。 Both of the sisters are not talented musicians. 两个姐妹不都是有才华的音乐家。 To be frank，I don’t like any of the ideas you came up with.坦白说，你提出的几个想法我都不太喜欢。 2.none，nobody/no one，nothing none 既可指人也可指物，多与表示范围的介词of连用；与数量有关，可回答how many或how much类的问句，表示“一个也没有” nobody/ no one 不能与of连用，只能指人，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who引导的疑问句 nothing 表示“什么也没有”，用来否定一切，可回答what引导的疑问句 ①I have nothing to wear to the party. 我没有衣服可以穿去参加派对。 ②None of the answers were correct. 没有一个答案是正确的。 学生用书⬇第355页 3.the other，other，another，others the other 指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...the other...“一个……另一个……”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的” other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……；再……” others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others ①I’ve eaten one donut；I’ll eat the other later. 我已经吃了一个甜甜圈；我稍后再吃另一个。 ②I’m not sure about this one；can I have another piece of cake to try？ 我不确定这个；我能再试一块蛋糕吗？ 考点四　常用指示代词对比识记 　　指示代词it和that/those，one/ones it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 that/those that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词时，相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones one/ones one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones ①I don’t like these shoes；I’ll take the ones in the window.我不喜欢这些鞋子；我要买橱窗里的那些。 ②Be careful with those；they’re very sharp. 小心那些东西；它们非常锋利。 ③He sent me a book last week as a birthday gift and I really love it.他上周送给我一本书作生日礼物，我真的喜欢这本书。 [即学即练1]——单句语法填空 1.“We managed to obtain the original drawings， furniture， and items to restore its (it) old look，” said Zhang， CEO of Shanghai Zhangming Architectural Design Firm. (2025·南昌市二模) 2.As he shared， “Come to experience China yourself/yourselves (you) — it’s full of surprises！” (2025·长沙市高三最后一卷) 3.Therefore， we need to go out more often to observe plants and further understand the ecological habits of the flowering branches， through which we can know how to better arrange them (they). (2026·长春市质量监测二) 4.Some have set up maintenance stations to handle repairs， while others have launched school drop-off and pickup services to better meet the needs of local residents. (2026·南京市第二次模拟) 5.Adrian Chase， the couple’s son， gave CBS News a demonstration， revealing how the technology can make it seem that the area is nothing but bare earth and provide a sense of different structures in the landscape. (2026·河南省豫西名校一模) 考点五　常考数词(数词考查方向主要是基数词变序数词) 1.基数词和序数词一般转化规则 (1)在基数词后直接加-th变序数词。如four→fourth；seven→seventh 学生用书⬇第356页 (2)以ve结尾的基数词：先把ve变为f，再加-th。如：five→fifth；twelve→twelfth (3)以t结尾的基数词：直接加-h。如：eight→eighth (4)以y结尾的基数词，把y变ie，再加-th。如twenty→twentieth；thirty→thirtieth (5)“几十几”：只变个位的基数词为序数词，十位不变。如：thirty-five→thirty-fifth 2.特殊变化的数词(含倍数表达) one→first/once(一次)；two→second/twice(两倍、两次)；three→third [即学即练2]——单句语法填空 1.With just over a week to go until the opening of the ninth (nine) Asian Winter Games， the streets of Harbin are alive with both the festive spirit of the Spring Festival in the Year of the Snake and growing excitement for the upcoming sporting event. (2026·湖北省十一校第二次联考) 2.This is the first (one) time for Beijing to host WTT Smash. (2025·重庆市高考模拟五) 3.Lying on the west and north of the plain area，the mountain area has an area of 4，435，000 square meters，accounting for four fifths(five) of the total area of the resort. (2026·河北保定二模) Ⅰ.语法与高考真题微练——单句语法填空 1.This area，with its (it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. (2024·全国甲卷) 2.Who knows，perhaps some of the more forward-looking ones (one)may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. (2024·浙江1月卷) 3....and they can feel proud of themselves(they). (2024·九省联考) 4.Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their(they)contents. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 5.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony，opening its(it)first exhibition... (2022·全国乙卷) Ⅱ.语法与真题写作微练——根据所给汉语完成句子 1.托比是他的忠实伙伴，是那个使他一直前行的伙伴。 (2025·全国一卷读后续写) Toby was his constant companion，the one who kept him going. 2.一想到这几个月他要被孤立，我就深感遗憾。 (2025·全国一卷读后续写) The thought of him spending these months being isolated filled me with deep regret. 3.接下来的几个小时，我们在外面散步，坦率地交谈。 (2025·全国一卷读后续写) The next few hours witnessed us taking a walk outside and talking open-heartedly. 4.但对我来说，这是我作为一名在爱尔兰的国际学生遇到的第一个挑战。 (2025·全国二卷) But for me，it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland. 学生用书⬇第357页 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Through his real-time broadcasts， viewers worldwide are gaining a much closer(close) look at the country and its daily life. (2025·南昌市高三信息卷) 2.According to a popular local legend， Gesala was built by fairies from heaven， and it is the nearest (near) mysterious place to the sun. (2025·东北三省四市高考模拟一) 3.At that time， when some peddlers of pig-iron passed through the mountains in Panxi， they occasionally (occasion) reported that the load was getting much heavier， and found it harder to walk. (2025·东北三省四市高考模拟一) 4.According to the conventional (convention) method， even an advanced computer needs to be operated for 1 million years to be cracked. (2025·新高考八省最后一卷) 5.So a journey to Suzhou isn’t just a physical trip， and it also benefits a person’s(person)heart and soul. (2025·河南省五市第一次联考) 6.More than a year later， under the advice of the instructor (instruct)， Wang Xiaoyun transferred to cryptography. (2025·新高考八省高考最后一卷) 7.The Silk Road’s influence (influential) on Western civilization was deep and far-reaching， affecting everything from cuisine and fashion to art and scientific knowledge. (2026·山东省烟台市三模) 8.This achievement enabled patients to control smart devices with their brain， converting their(they) thoughts into Chinese texts on computer for communication. (2025·“皖南八校”第三次大联考) Ⅱ.语法填空 (2026·济南市高三模拟) 　　London’s food scene has witnessed an inrush not only of traditional Cantonese (广东的) restaurants but also a diverse range of regional Chinese cuisines.For decades， London’s Chinatown has been closely associated with classic dishes 1.　　　　　　 (root) in Guangdong Province， while London’s Chinese food has expanded far beyond that， reflecting a much 2.　　　　　　 (broad) cultural shift. While Cantonese-centric offerings have laid the foundation of familiarity with Chinese culinary (烹饪的) culture， the increasing variety makes it 3.　　　　　　 big challenge for restaurants to meet local British tastes.To adapt to the trend， they manage to introduce new dishes and enhance existing ones 4.　　　　　　 (continuous) for bettering the menu.Additionally， larger culinary schools commit to teaching authentic (地道的) Chinese cooking， 5.　　　　　　 (strengthen) greater appreciation and mastery of the cuisine. Hotpot， a typical Chinese dish， has taken centre stage in London， described as an “adventure”6.　　　　　　 locals could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences.Meanwhile， hearty hand-pulled noodles of Xi’an are also making waves， driven by the growing 7.　　　　　　 (present) of Chinese customers and Londoners’ appetite for authentic regional flavors. Chen Xin， the chief organizer of the 2024 London Chinese Cuisine International Development Convention，8.　　　　　　 (emphasize) that London was becoming a true global centre of Chinese cuisine， staying true 9.　　　　　　 one single 学生用书⬇第358页 mission—providing Chinese customers with a taste of home and showcasing the depth of Chinese culinary culture to international 10.　　　　　　(diner). 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了伦敦的中国餐饮文化发展，特别是从传统的广东菜扩展到更多样化的中国地方菜系，以及如何适应本地口味和推广中国烹饪文化。 1.答案：rooted 解析：be rooted in“根植于”，为固定短语，classic dishes与root之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填rooted。 2.答案：broader 解析：根据句意和空前的much可知，空处应用形容词比较级broader“更广泛的”作定语，修饰名词短语cultural shift。故填broader。 3.答案：a 解析：泛指“一个巨大的挑战”用不定冠词。故填a。 4.答案：continuously 解析：空处应用副词作状语修饰动词introduce以及enhance。故填continuously。 5.答案：strengthening 解析：句子谓语动词是commit to，设空处应用非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果。故填strengthening。 6.答案：where 解析：空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，且在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7.答案：presence 解析：设空处需要用名词作介词by的宾语。故填presence。 8.答案：emphasized 解析：陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填emphasized。 9.答案：to 解析：固定短语stay true to表示“忠于”。故填to。 10.答案：diners 解析：diner表示“食客”，表示多个“食客”，用复数名词作宾语。故填diners。 Ⅲ.语法链接写作 1.形容词的名词化表达 向他们解释为什么你想做饭，以及烹饪如何成为一项宝贵的生活技能将是有益的。(2024·上海6月) It would be of benefit to explain to them why you wish to cook and how it can be a valuable life skill. 2.副词的名词化表达 某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger；anxiously＝with anxiety；curiously＝with curiosity；comfortably＝in comfort；peacefully＝in peace；hurriedly＝in a hurry；joyfully＝with joy 一想到弟弟所遭受的损失、他经历的种种困境，以及我当初是如何加重了他的痛苦，我便满心悔恨，心如刀绞。 (2025·全国一卷) The moment I thought of my brother’s loss， his struggles and how I had added to his pain，my heart ached with regret. 3.活用带有比较级的句型 (1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。 (2023·全国乙卷) The more I practised skating on the ice，the more skilled I was，and I soon skated on the ice smoothly. (2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 没有什么比老师的鼓励更重要的了。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷) Nothing is more important than my teacher’s encouragement.Without it，I couldn’t have won the prize. Ⅳ.语篇写作运用 (2026·齐鲁名师联盟诊断考试) 　　假定你是李华，你的朋友Gabriel将作为交换生到你的学校进行访问，请你给 Gabriel 写一封邮件表示欢迎，并邀请他参加校庆活动，内容包括： 1.表示欢迎； 2.发出邀请。 Dear Gabriel， 1.I am more than delighted to hear(我很高兴得知) that you will be visiting our school as an exchange student. I would like to extend a warm welcome to you and invite you to join us in celebrating our school’s anniversary next month.The school anniversary is a significant event for us，2.filled with various activities(充满了各种各样的活动) such as performances，sports competitions，and cultural exhibitions.It will be a great opportunity for you to experience our school spirit and 3.get to know more about our traditions and culture(了解更多关于我们的传统和文化). I’m looking forward to meeting you soon and 4.showing you around our campus(带你参观我们的学校).If you have any questions or need any assistance before your arrival，please feel free to reach out to me. Yours， Li Hua 学生用书⬇第359页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $