专题3 1 第一讲 名词（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考名词核心考点，涵盖名词的数、所有格及词性转换，按规则梳理、特例辨析、转化应用的逻辑层次构建知识体系。通过考点解析、例词对比、即学即练等环节，帮助学生系统掌握复数变化、所有格用法及词性转换规律，强化复习的针对性和系统性。 资料突出考点分层突破与真题实战结合，如词性转换部分通过后缀归纳表引导学生归纳动词变名词规律，培养思维品质和学习能力。设置高考真题微练和写作微练，实现讲练结合，助力学生在有限时间内提升语言应用能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供有效支持。

第一讲　名词 考点一　名词的数 　　高考主要考查可数名词的复数形式，需要掌握可数名词变复数的规则。 1.可数名词复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般情况加s student→students，teacher→teachers 以s，x，ch，sh结尾的加es glass→glasses，dish→dishes，box→boxes，watch→watches；但stomach的复数形式直接加s 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的变y为i再加es family→families，baby→babies，army→armies 以f或fe结尾的名词，通常变f或fe为v再加es，有的加s thief→thieves，wife→wives，knife→knives； 但以下不同：belief→beliefs，proof→proofs，roof→roofs，chief→chiefs 以o结尾的名词通常加s，有的加es radio→radios，video→videos，zoo→zoos，tobacco→tobaccos，hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 变化规则 例词 特殊变化 child→children；man→men；tooth→teeth；foot→feet；mouse→mice 单复数同形 Chinese，sheep，deer，series，means，works，species 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数 people，police，cattle 有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法 phenomenon→phenomena；medium→media；bacterium→bacteria 3.部分不可数名词转化为可数名词的情况 (1)抽象名词具体化。抽象名词在表示具体概念时，可以与不定冠词a/an连用或者变复数。 单词 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达具体的概念时，是可数名词) surprise 惊讶 一件令人惊讶的事 success 成功 一个(件)成功的人(事) failure 失败 一个(件)失败的人(事) pleasure 快乐 一件令人快乐的事 comfort 安慰，慰藉 一个(件)令人感到安慰的人(事) (2)物质名词的复数现象。部分物质名词变复数后意义发生变化。 单词 物质名词(不可数) 复数意义 paper 纸 论文 sand 沙子 沙滩 water 水 水域 time 时间 时代 wood 木头 树林 [即学即练1]——单句语法填空 1.Led by Brown students trained as public art interpreters， each tour showcases works from a wide range of time periods (period) and the pieces cover everything from classical sculptures to modern works. (2026·河北名校仿真预测卷) 2.Historically， the residents (resident) of Qira county have had to relocate their settlements three times due to expanding deserts and severe sandstorms. (2026·山东省日照市三模) 学生用书⬇第348页 3.Covering around 800 square meters， it includes some 25，000 books categorized under sections (section) such as Dunhuang’s history， murals， and calligraphy. (2025·河南省模拟冲刺) 4.Fortunately， efforts have been made(make) to ensure the survival and development of the Iron-Blossoms so far through various measures (measure) such as cultural heritage protection projects， talent cultivation， and media promotion. (2025·辽宁省重点中学二模) 考点二　名词所有格 1.-’s所有格，放在名词前，用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。 (1)一般是在名词词尾加-’s，如John’s home约翰的家。 (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加-’，如students’ textbooks 学生们的课本。 (3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词，仍加-’s，如 children’s game 孩子们的游戏。 2.of所有格 放在名词后，限定或修饰前面的名词。 (1)表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，如the title of the article文章的标题 (2)名词短语或由定语修饰的有生命的名词也可用of所有格，如the name of the girl over there 那边那个女孩的名字 3.双重所有格 放在名词后，限定或修饰前面的名词。 (1)双重所有格的构成为“名词＋of＋-’s所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。 (2)表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a，any，some，a few，two，this，that，these，those 等修饰，但不能用the。如：a picture of my mother’s 我母亲(拥有)的一张照片 this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫 [即学即练2]——单句语法填空 1.I was heading toward one of the area’s (area) two excellent CD record stores， when a display in a shop window caught my eye. (2025·福建省3月适应性练习卷) 2.Hua’er， which literally means flower in Chinese， is known as a type of “mountain songs” and has been wildly popular in China’s(China) Qinghai， Gansu， Ningxia and Xinjiang for hundreds of years. (2025·湖北省高中协作体四月统考) 考点三　词性转换 　　一般考查动词、形容词转化为名词。名词多处在主语、宾语、表语等位置，或者放在介词、及物动词、修饰词(如形容词)、限定词(如冠词或部分代词)之后。 1.动词变名词 动词变名词时常见名词后缀 例词 -al approve→approval；arrive→arrival -ance/-ence appear→appearance； exist→existence -tion/-ation compete→competition； explain→explanation -(ss)ion discuss→discussion； admit→admission -ment achieve→achievement； argue→argument -ure/-ture press→pressure；mix→mixture -y recover→recovery； discover→discovery 其他 choose→choice；vary→variety 2.形容词变名词 形容词变名词的常见名词词缀 例词 -age short→shortage -cy efficient→efficiency； fluent→fluency -dom free→freedom；wise→wisdom -ce different→difference； silent→silence -ness weak→weakness； careless→carelessness -th strong→strength；warm→warmth -ty/-ity safe→safety；disable→disability 学生用书⬇第349页 [即学即练3]——单句语法填空 1.“Through the activities， we are promoting an understanding and appreciation (appreciate) of the rich cultural treasures，” said Nicole. (2026·河北名校仿真预测卷) 2.China’s national strength (strong) has sparked a broader interest in all things related to it. (2025·湘豫名校第四次模拟) 3.The existence (exist) of UNESCO-listed sites can be a double-edged sword. (2026·河南省安阳市9月调研) Ⅰ.语法与高考真题微练——单句语法填空 1.As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer times (time)，clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. (2025·浙江1月卷) 2.Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright，providing a less expensive solution (solve) to one-time event dressing. (2025·浙江卷1月) 3.I really want to make this work for people’s(people)lives today... (2025·浙江1月卷) 4.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.They are treasures (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). (2024·全国甲卷) 5.These plants included modern Western favourites (favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 6.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design， ...to come to define much of the richness (rich) of gardening in England. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 7.The goal was two-fold： to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues (tongue). (2025·八省联考卷) Ⅱ.语法与真题写作微练——根据所给汉语完成句子 1.它可以涵盖广泛的主题，如俱乐部经历，惊人的发现和在我们学校发生的课外活动。 (2025·全国一卷应用文写作) It can cover a wide range of topics such as club experiences， amazing discoveries and extracurricular activities that take place in our school. 2.我发短信给他，希望他能再次出来。 (2025·全国一卷读后续写) I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again. 3.我试着设身处地地为我哥哥着想。 (2025·全国一卷读后续写) I tried to put myself in my brother’s shoes. 4.当门打开时，我哥哥惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 (2025·全国一卷读后续写) When the door opened，my brother’s eyes widened in surprise. 5.每次我做自我介绍时，我都要至少解释五遍我的名字怎么念，但他们仍然不能像我那样念。 (2025·全国二卷读后续写) Every time I gave a self-introduction，I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times，yet they still could not say it the way I did. 学生用书⬇第350页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $