专题2 3 第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心语法情态动词和虚拟语气，按基本用法、表推测、情态动词+have done、虚拟语气的逻辑层次系统梳理考点，通过用法对比、例句解析、即学即练等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破语法难点。 讲义融合高考真题与分层训练，如虚拟语气部分通过if条件句表格对比三种情况，结合2025年浙江卷写作真题微练，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设置单句语法填空、语篇写作等分层练习，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应考能力。

第三讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一　情态动词的基本用法 1.表示“可以”时常用may，can；表示“不可以”用can’t。 You may/can borrow any English novels from this library as long as you return them on time. 你可以从这个图书馆借任何英语小说，只要你按时归还。 2.表示“必须”常用must和have to。must强调说话人的主观意志，而have to表示客观需要。 You must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal. 如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。 3.can表示“能力”，could表示过去的能力，一般情况下可以与be able to互换。 ①I think the baby can/will be able to walk in another two months. 我认为那个婴儿再过两个月就能走路了。 ②We were lucky that the weather was fine that day and we were able to see the sunrise. 我们很幸运，那天的天气很好，我们能看到日出。 4.表示“应该”时用should和ought to。 Jane took off her yellow blouse，thinking that she should go to an open area if they came back again. 简脱下她的黄衬衫，心想如果他们再回来的话，她应该到一个空旷的地方。 5.will表示“意愿”或表示“习惯性、倾向性”，过去式为would。 My mother will always prepare delicious breakfast for me every morning. 我妈妈每天早上总会为我准备美味的早餐。 6.shall用于第一、二、三人称的肯定句时，表示许诺、决心、命令、规定或警告等。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们的其中一项规定是学生在校期间必须穿校服。 7.need/dare既可以用作情态动词，也可以作实义动词。 You needn’t get the machine repaired this week.I won’t need it until next month. 这周你不必请人修理机器，我到下个月才用。 考点二　情态动词表推测 1.表肯定：can表示客观上的可能，意为“有时会”；may/might/could表示可能；must表示一定；should/ought to表示应该。 ①Look at the dark clouds！ It must be going to rain soon.看那些乌云！天一定很快就要下雨了。 ②There are some health problems that，when not treated in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后会变得更严重。 2.表否定：can’t/couldn’t表示不可能；may not/might not表示可能不；shouldn’t/oughtn’t to表示应该不会。 He can’t finish all the tasks in such a short time.It’s impossible.他不可能在这么短的时间内完成所有任务，这不可能。 3.表疑问：can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。 Where can she have put it？ 她到底把它放哪儿了呢？ 考点三　情态动词＋have done 1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done (过去)一定做过……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may(might)have done (过去)可能做过……；语气不确定；用于肯定句 can(could)have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 学生用书⬇第343页 She may have missed the bus，so she was late for work.她可能没赶上公交车，所以上班迟到了。 2.表示“与过去事实相反” could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn’t have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做 ①You could have passed the exam if you had studied harder.如果你当时更努力学习，本可以通过考试的。 ②You needn’t have bought so much food.We don’t have many guests today. 你本不必买这么多食物的，今天没多少客人。 ③You shouldn’t have stayed up so late last night.It’s bad for your health.你昨晚不应该熬夜到这么晚的，这对你的健康不好。 考点四　虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋动词-ed形式 should/would/could/might＋have＋动词-ed形式 与将来事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 ①If he had more time，he could learn French well.如果他有更多时间，他就能学好法语。 ②If they had caught the early bus，they might not have been late for the meeting.如果他们赶上了早班车，他们可能就不会开会迟到了。 ③If it rained tomorrow，we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。 ④If he should change his mind，we would give him another chance. 如果他改变主意，我们会再给他一次机会。 2.含蓄条件句 (1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)来表示。 We wouldn’t have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 (2)用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 He was very busy yesterday.Otherwise，he would have come to the party. 他昨天太忙了。否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。 3.虚拟语气用于名词性从句 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 It’s vital that we(should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。 (2)在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I’d rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 学生用书⬇第344页 ①My suggestion is that we (should)hold a meeting to discuss this problem.我的建议是我们应该召开一个会议来讨论这个问题。 ②It is required that all the students (should) arrive at school on time. 要求所有学生都应该按时到校。 ③We got the order that we (should) finish the work before dark. 我们接到命令要在天黑前完成这项工作。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had＋动词-ed形式 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 ①She wishes she had studied harder last year. 她希望去年她学习更努力些。 ②I wish I would pass the exam next week. 我希望我下周能通过考试。 (5)三个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋动词-ed形式 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/ though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋动词-ed形式 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 It is(high)time that... 过去式或“should＋动词原形” ①He talked as if/though he had known the secret. 他说话的样子好像他已经知道了这个秘密。 ②It is high time that you should clean your room. 你该打扫你的房间了。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空 1.At present， there is no established measure of ageing that could be used(use) to assess whether an experimental catch-all drug is working. 2.If I had(have)a chance to live my life again， I would go to university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was young. 3.I wish I had attended(attend) the meeting yesterday so that I didn’t have to make it up later. 4.Doctors also began using it to mask the unpleasant taste of medicines—and some doctors today still suggest that parents (should) try(try) that. ◎语法与高考真题写作微练——根据汉语提示完成句子 1.他们本可以写很多页关于电脑必要性的东西，但写作本身对他们来说并不重要。 (2025·全国一卷阅读) They could have written pages on the necessity of computers，but writing，in and of itself，simply didn’t strike them as important. 2.在我看来，现在是我们学校应该通过实施一些指导方针来适当规范这种行为的时候了。 (2025·浙江1月卷应用文写作) In my opinion，it’s high time that our school should properly regulate this behavior by implementing some guidelines. 3.因此，我建议我们首先要树立在课堂上远离手机的意识。 Therefore，I suggest that we(should)first build an awareness of keeping our phones away in class. (2025·浙江1月卷应用文写作) 4.我父母以前住在这里，我父亲的手表也在这里。 (2025·浙江1月卷读后续写) My parents used to live here and my father’s watch was here. 学生用书⬇第345页 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.In 2024， over 310 million people in China were (be) 60 or older.AI and smart tech thus play a vital role in eldercare. (2026·河南省适应性考试) 2.To attain my weight-loss objective， I primarily concentrated on regulating my diet， cut down on my carbohydrate intake and had (have) more vegetables and lean proteins. (2026·福州市第四次质量检测) 3.The 40-minute tours that have required a collective effort among people are offered(offer) at 1 p.m.every Saturday and Sunday from April through November. (2026·河北名校仿真预测卷) 4.For example， every recipe includes detailed ingredient weights to ensure that calorie intake will be monitored (monitor) carefully. (2026·河南省名校猜题大联考) 5.In the midst of green mountains and clear waters， Guiyang， located in Southwest China， has earned (earn) its reputation as the “Forest City” over the years. (2026·西南名校联盟联考二) 6.Large models， like DeepSeek， are changing how fundamental scientific problems are studied (study) and addressing issues such as energy development. (2026·贵州省二模) 7.He was amazed by the live stream signal in high-speed rail tunnel and was excited to be recognized (recognize) on the streets. (2025·长沙市高三最后一卷) 8.The Chinese production is the first non-Hollywood film to break(break) into the all-time global top 10 of highest-grossing films. (2026·深圳市测试一) 9.Mall owners are becoming increasingly creative today， some having their properties transformed (transform) into modern art spaces where exhibitions， art shows， performances and lectures are held. (2026·南京市第二次模拟) Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025·武昌区高三年级5月质量检测) 　　A Chinese robotics start-up shares a film of its production facility on its official website， which reportedly 1.　　　　　　 (produce) at least 962 humanoid robots so far.In 2.　　　　　　 4： 02-minute video， it showcases various stages of the robotic production line at its Lingang Fengxian factory in Shanghai， 3.　　　　　　 features self-made humanoid robots working alongside human workers.Moreover， the company has established 4.　　　　　　 it calls a “data collection factory” for real-world data gathering， including training scenarios such as folding clothes， organizing， cleaning and doing the laundry. Industry observer Hong Shaodun notes that humanoid robots have evolved from laboratory prototypes to substaintial products，5.　　　　　　 this year’s robots entering a phase of increased intelligence and versatility (多功能).6.　　　　　　 (compare) with other global competitors， China 7.　　　　　　 (position) better to achieve higher output of humanoid robots at lower costs.Meanwhile， Chinese companies excel 8.　　　　　　 (particular) in motion control and the exploration of advanced AI models.Hong also mentions the focus for next year in this industry will be on expanding practical applications in specific scenarios.However， the industry insider points out that achieving rapid breakthroughs in a short time remains quite 9.　　　　　　 (demand) due to technical hurdles， such as 10.　　　　　　 (efficient) and stability issues that need to be addressed. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家中国机器人初创公司展示生产设施相关情况，指出人形机器人发展现状，还提及中国在此领域的优势及行业面临的问题。 1.答案：has produced 解析：produce(生产)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“so far”可知，应用现在完成时，且主语为单数，故填has produced。 2.答案：the 解析：这里特指上文提到的公司分享的视频，用定冠词the限定。故填the。 3.答案：which 解析：“　　　　 features self-made humanoid robots working alongside human workers”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the robotic production line，指物，故填which。 4.答案：what 解析：“　　　　 it calls a ‘data collection factory’”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，故填what。 5.答案：with 解析：此处考查 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。故填with。 6.答案：Compared 解析：“　　　　(compare) with other global competitors”作比较状语，compare是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语China之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Compared。 7.答案：is positioned 解析：position是谓语动词，与主语China之间是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时且主语为单数形式。故填is positioned。 8.答案：particularly 解析：提示词修饰动词excel，用副词作状语。故填particularly。 9.答案：demanding 解析：提示词作表语，用形容词demanding，意为“要求高的，费力的，具有挑战性的”。故填demanding。 10.答案：efficiency 解析：根据“and stability issues”可知，这里用名词与stability并列，故填efficiency。 学生用书⬇第346页 Ⅲ.语法链接写作 1.(2025·全国一卷)托比在我腿边蹦来蹦去，舔着我的手。(分词作状语) Toby jumped around my legs， licking my hands. 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)格林先生拍了拍弟弟的后背，把手表递给了他，两人都同意保持联系。(非谓语作宾语) Mr.Green handed over the watch to his brother with a pat on the back， and they all agreed to keep in touch. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)为了培养学生的艺术鉴赏力和创造力，我们的美术老师带我们去了附近的公园，让我们走进大自然的怀抱。(不定式作目的状语) To develop students’ artistic appreciation and creativity，our art teacher took the class to a nearby park，moving us into the embrace of nature. 4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)在课堂上，由于受到公园里令人惊叹的景色的启发，我心满意足地完成了我的山水画。(过去分词作状语) During the class，inspired by a breathtaking scene in the park，I completed my landscape painting with great satisfaction. 5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)首先，随机配对学生可能会导致小组内语言能力的不平衡。(分词作主语) Firstly，randomly pairing up students may lead to imbalanced language abilities within the groups. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)我满怀感激地冲向公交车，偷偷快速瞥了一眼向我挥手告别的Gunter。(过去分词作状语、现在分词作状语、定语) Filled with gratitude，I dashed to the bus，stealing a quick glance back at Gunter waving me goodbye. Ⅳ.语篇写作运用 (2026·广州八校联考) 　　假定你是校英文报的记者李华，上周五你校学生会在操场举办了一场跳蚤市场(a flea market)活动。请你为此写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的和过程； 2.活动意义。 A Flea Market 　　　Last Friday，the Students’ Council in our school organized a flea market on the playground，1.aiming to encourage resource recycling(为了鼓励资源循环利用) and meet individual needs. The event featured students selling various items，from books to handmade crafts，2.creating a lively marketplace atmosphere(营造出一种活跃的市场氛围).The flea market gained active participation from both sellers and buyers.Many students took the opportunity 3.to clear their possessions(清理他们的私人物品) while earning some extra income.Buyers found unique treasures and eco-friendly alternatives to new products，4.contributing to a greener lifestyle among students(促进学生采用更环保的生活方式). Overall，the event was a success，which not only provided a platform for students to exchange goods，but also 5.promoted a sense of environmental awareness(增强了环保意识). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $