专题1 1 第一讲 句子成分有主次（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕句子成分八大核心考点，按主语、谓语等主次逻辑架构知识体系，结合定义、构成及2025年全国卷等真题实例梳理内在联系。通过考点精析、方法指导（如it形式主语句型解析）、真题训练环节，帮助学生构建完整句法认知框架，突破难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料以高考真题为导向，创新性融合“考点解析+写作微练”模式，如通过2025年全国一卷应用文实例训练定语从句运用，提升语言能力与思维品质。设置分层练习与即时反馈，确保高效复习，助力学生掌握句法应用技巧，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供实用指导。

第一讲　句子成分有主次 考点一　主语——句子的主体 　　主语为句子主体，是谓语动作或状态的发出者。倒装句中一般把整个谓语或者一部分置于主语前，非倒装句需保持“主语＋谓语”的顺序。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等充当。 ①(2025·全国一卷)My plan was working out just fine. ②(2025·北京卷)What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood？ (从句作主语) ③(2025·全国一卷)Writing down these happy experiences can help us share happiness with others.(动名词短语作主语) ④(2025·河北省模拟预测) It is our duty to live a low-carbon life. (it作形式主语) [名师指津]　在it形式主语句型中，真正主语是后置的动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、主语从句。 考点二　谓语——主语的行为或状态 　　谓语描述主语的行为、动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；助动词和情态动词不能单独作谓语，须和实义动词构成谓语。 ①(2025·北京卷)Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books.(实义动词作谓语) ②He opened the door，walked into the room，and turned on the light.(三个并列的动词短语作谓语) ③(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)Changes in transportation will bring great changes to people’s lives.(情态动词＋实义动词作谓语) ④(2025·全国一卷)I am pleased to share my thoughts on the new column of our English newspaper.(系表结构作谓语) 考点三　宾语——动作指向的目标对象 　　宾语是及物动词或介词所及的目标对象，由名词、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句来充当，通常放在及物动词或者介词之后。 ①(2025·全国一卷)I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again.(代词、名词作宾语) ②(2025·全国一卷)I want to choose the theme of “Fun at my school”.(动词不定式作宾语) ③(2025·全国一卷)I believe this topic is easy to attract readers and encourage them to participate more actively in school activities.(从句作宾语) ④Learning online provides us a chance to take part in classes given by famous schools and teachers.(us为间接宾语，a chance为直接宾语) [名师指津]　it作形式宾语的结构中，真正宾语是后置的动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、宾语从句等。 考点四　表语——主语的特征 　　表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等。 ①(2025·全国一卷)Toby was his constant companion， the one who kept him going.(名词短语作表语) ②The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish.(形容词短语作表语) 学生用书⬇第324页 ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Our task was to create a work of our own inspired by the natural scenery.(动词不定式短语作表语) 考点五　定语——名词或代词的修饰语 　　定语修饰名词或代词。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，短语或从句作定语时放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。 ①(2025·全国二卷)Secondly， the guessing process itself is a joyful experience， which will foster closer relationships between classmates.(形容词作定语、从句作定语) ②In 2021， their robot cows， serving as backup dancers for a famous singer， showed off their dancing skills.(分词作定语) 考点六　状语——动词、形容词、副词、句子等的修饰语 　　状语可修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用作状语的有副词(短语)、名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、独立主格结构和从句等。 ①(2025·全国二卷)In a class discussion， I was invited to explain the meaning of my name.(介词短语作状语) ②(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)Currently，advanced new energy vehicles have entered our lives，helping reduce air pollution.(副词作状语， 分词作状语) ③(2024·浙江1月卷) If you’re looking for a way to get more exercise during the day，I highly recommend trying jump rope as a 10-minute break time sport.(从句作状语) 考点七　补足语——对宾语或主语的补充说明 　　补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。补充说明主语的叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语的叫作宾语补足语。用作补足语的有副词(短语)、名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等。 ①We’ll try our best to make our country rich and powerful.(形容词短语作宾语补足语) ②Because this activity will be presented on the English website， I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.(不定式短语作宾语补足语) 考点八　同位语——名词或代词的解释说明 　　同位语是对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，用作同位语的有名词(短语)、代词和从句等。 ①(2025·全国一卷)Toby was his constant companion， the one who kept him going.(代词作同位语) ②(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zhang Qian， a well-known figure in Chinese history， was one of the pioneers of the Silk Road.(名词短语作同位语) ③I hold the firm belief that with our joint efforts， we are bound to succeed.(从句作同位语) ◎语法与写作微练——句法写作链接真题 1.(2025·全国一卷应用文写作)It can cover a wide range of topics (广泛的主题；宾语)such as club experiences， amazing discoveries and extracurricular activities that/which take place in our school (我们学校发生的；定语从句). 2.(2025·全国一卷读后续写)I realized it was me who was at fault.(是我错了；宾语从句＋强调句型) 3.(2025·全国一卷读后续写)The next few hours witnessed us taking a walk outside (接下来几个小时见证了我们在外面散步；无灵主语句)and talking open-heartedly. 4.(2025·全国二卷应用文写作)Your expertise and rich experience will surely make the article both informative and interesting (既翔实又有趣；宾语补足语). 5.(2025·全国二卷读后续写)After all， I did care about (的确在意；强调谓语)how others would think of me. 学生用书⬇第325页 6.(2025·浙江1月卷读后续写)Therefore， he was left in the care of Mrs.Hill， an old lady who lived next door(一位住在隔壁的年长女士；作同位语). 7.(2025·浙江1月卷读后续写)Mrs.Green hugged Kevin， thanking him for his heroic actions(感谢他的英勇行为；分词作状语). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $