选修3 4 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE（Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，系统覆盖词汇（含熟词生义、构词法）、短语、句型及读写技能，按“基础积累-拓展应用-语境实战”逻辑架构知识点，通过考点梳理（如词汇分层）、方法指导（句型公式归纳）、真题训练（结合高考题例）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料以“语言能力+思维品质”为导向，创新设计“词汇先练透后归纳”“写作微场景补全”等活动，如用构词法助记否定前缀，通过读后续写动作描写语料提升表达精准度。设置分层练习（单句填空到综合应用），配合即时反馈，保障复习效率，为教师把控节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

注表示该词的熟词生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.adversity n.　　 困境；逆境 2.expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队 3.cupboard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 4.steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 5.crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群 6.stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具 7.banjo n. 班卓琴(乐器) 8.navy n. 海军；海军部队 9.decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 10.cosy(NAmE cozy) adj. 温馨的；舒适的 11.crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队； 一群人 12.rugby n. 橄榄球运动 13.bat n. 球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt. 用球板击球；挥打；拍打 14.corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 15.navigator n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 16.episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.motive n. 动机；原因；目的 2.wage n. 工资 3.bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的； 痛苦的；愤愤不平的 4.vigour(NAmE vigor) n. 精力；力量；活力 5.sink vi.(sank or sunk，sunk) 沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没 n. 洗涤槽，水槽 6.abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃； 陷入，沉湎于(某种情感 7.blanket n. 毯子 8.miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 9.voyage n.& vi. 航海；航行 10.good/bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的 11.genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 12.thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 13.furniture n. 家具 14.bark vi.& n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声 n. 枪声；短促响亮的人声；树皮 vt. 厉声质问 15.damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 16.recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 17.nephew n. 侄子；外甥 18.rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；崎岖不平的；粗略的；艰难的 19.motor n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 20.candidate n. 候选人；应试者 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力→enduring adj.持久的；耐久的→endure v.忍耐；忍受 2.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n.资格；资历；资格证书 3.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n.热情；热忱 学生用书⬇第273页 4.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v.上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n.木板；董事会；伙食 5.assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n.任务；作业；分配 6.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的 7.belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处) 8.selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n.自私→selfless adj.无私的 9.perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 10.resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定；决心→resolved adj.坚定的；下定决心的 11.cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n.残忍；残酷 12.unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n.运气；财产→fortunate adj.幸运的 13.guidance n.指导；引导；导航→guide n.导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为……领路 14.advertising n.广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n.广告；宣传 15.loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyally adv.忠诚地；忠实地→loyalty n.忠诚；忠实 16.commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 构词法：否定前缀 un- ①unhappy adj.不快乐的 ②unfair adj.不公平的；不公正的 ③unlock vt.打开；解锁 ④unpack vt.& vi.打开(行李、包裹等)；卸下 ⑤unfold vt.& vi.展开；打开；显露 ⑥uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 in-/im-/il-/ir- ⑦inconvenient adj.不方便的；麻烦的 ⑧impossible adj.不可能的；办不到的 ⑨irresponsible adj.不负责任的；不可靠的 ⑩illegal adj.非法的；违法的 mis- ⑪misfortune n.不幸；厄运 ⑫misunderstand vt.& vi.误解；误会 ⑬mislead vt.误导；引入歧途 non- ⑭non-smoking adj.禁止吸烟的；非吸烟的 ⑮non-stop adj.不间断的；直达的 Ⅳ.重点短语 1.turn sb down　　　　　 拒绝(某人) 2.make fire 生火 3.give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4.dream of/about 梦想 5.at the age of 在……岁时 6.be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 7.become/be stuck in 陷于 8.throw away 扔掉 9.manage to do sth 设法做成某事 10.go from bad to worse 每况愈下 Ⅴ.经典句型 1.句型：It happened that...碰巧…… ...Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. ……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 2.句型：as...as... How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！ 我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ 3.句型：as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句 It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere. 只要你坚持，最终就会成功。 学生用书⬇第274页 qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualify v.使有资格 qualification n.资格；学历) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have taken part in several similar activities，so I’m convinced that I have the qualification(qualify) for the voluntary work. ②The competition results qualified him to represent (represent) his school in the national chess tournament. ③我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使我能胜任报纸上刊登的志愿工作。(申请信) I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 后归纳 (1)be qualified for/to do sth　　　　　　　 有……的资格/有资格做某事 (2)qualify sb for sth/to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 (3) have the qualification for/to do sth 有……的资格/有资格做某事 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n.热情；热忱) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Learning that you are enthusiastic about traditional Chinese culture，I am writing to invite you to a lecture on Confucianism. (建议信) ②Inspired by the enthusiasm (enthusiastic)and encouragement，David quickened his pace in high spirits. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ③摩尔对自己创造的糖果充满热情，也对未来充满信心。 Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created，and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. 后归纳 (1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 对(做)……热情 (2)be full of enthusiasm 充满热情 with enthusiasm (＝enthusiastically) 热情地 [点津]　“渴望某物/做某事”的同义短语：be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sth abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Lacking self-discipline，they may abandon themselves to playing (play) online games. (2022·全国乙卷；短文投稿) ②I still remembered my friends’ promise so I went past the abandoned(abandon)milking house to see if they had fixed the broken window. (2023·浙江1月卷；动作描写) ③面对这些愤怒的质问，他想说点什么，却一时语塞。 (续写场景描写) Faced with these angry questions，he tried to speak，but for once，his voice abandoned him. ④他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来，陷入绝望。 (续写情感描写) His last sentence went like a bullet to her heart.She burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair. 后归纳 (1)abandon doing sth　　　 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to doing sth 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事 (2)with abandon 纵情；放任地 (3)be abandoned to... 沉湎于…… 学生用书⬇第275页 resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念(resolution n.决定；解决；决心) 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution (resolve) after an argument. ②文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。 Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved to spare no effort to protect them. ③为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，并换位思考。 (建议信) To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ shoes. 后归纳 resolve to do sth　　　　　　 决定做某事 be resolved to do sth 决心做某事 make a resolution to do... 下定决心做…… 句型公式：as...as...意为“和……一样”，表示同级比较。 【教材原句】　How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ 先练透　完成句子 ①他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样多的进步。 He is as hard-working as me，so he has made as much progress as me. ②我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。 (2022·浙江1月卷；读后续写) We devoted twice as much time and energy as other students did，so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers. ③在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。 As far as I am concerned，the book is not as/so interesting as you think. 后归纳 as＋形容词/副词＋as...，还有如下用法： (1)否定式：not as/so＋形容词/副词＋as... (2)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as... (3)as much/many＋名词＋as... 1.envy n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的) 【诵读领悟】 ①Don’t let envy consume you；focus on your own journey and strive for excellence. (续写主旨升华) 不要让嫉妒吞噬你；专注于自己的旅程，努力追求卓越。 ②I was green with envy because she was really dressed to the teeth at the party. (续写情感描写) 她在派对上穿得真华丽，我非常眼红。 ③I envied him being enthusiastic and full of energy.我羡慕他的热情和充沛的精力。 【佳句仿写】 想到她得到我妈妈那么多的关爱，一股嫉妒之情如潮水般涌上我的心头。 (续写心理描写) A wave of envy came flooding/sweeping over me when I thought of how much affection she had received from my mother. envy sb(doing) sth　 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 with envy 羡慕地/嫉妒地 be green with envy 嫉妒得眼红 be envious of 羡慕；妒忌 学生用书⬇第276页 2.sink vi.(sank or sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 【诵读领悟】 ①Her heart sank/sunk.She felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t hold back her tears. 她心情沉重。她突然感到很悲伤，忍不住落下泪来。 ②The moment his head hit the pillow，he sank into a deep sleep. (动作描写) 他的头一碰到枕头，就沉沉地睡去了。 ③My heart was beating fast and then I sank into disappointment as my name was not in the list. 我的心跳加速，然后我陷入了失望，因为我的名字不在名单上。 【佳句仿写】 悲伤如潮水一般涌来。他倒在椅子上，放声大哭。 (续写情感描写) Sorrow came in waves.He sank into the chair，crying his eyes out. sink into sth　　 渐渐进入(消极、不快等)状态 one’s heart sinks/spirits sink 心情沉重；情绪低落 a sinking feeling 颓丧感 sink in despair 陷入绝望 维度一　词汇语境运用 1.And if we allow this to continue，and still without the normative and legal guidance(guide)，the results may lead to more serious. 2.(2024·北京卷)Typically，cruelty (cruel) and cheating are discouraged，while cooperation，humbleness and courage are praised. 3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(assign) during the course. 4.(2026·浙江省嘉兴市第二次测试)They decided to practice secretly in an abandoned (abandon)classroom at the back of the school，where no one would disturb them. 5.(2026·广东省部分学校联考)Dragging myself slowly to the coffee table，I sank(sink) onto the sofa and closed my eyes. 6.(2023·全国乙卷)We managed to leave (leave) this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. 7.According to the airline rules，we recommend you (should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding(board) the plane. 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义 1.The ground was soon blanketed with snow. v.以厚层覆盖 2.Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. n.洗涤槽，水槽 3.Boiling with extreme anger，he barked a series of questions at his crew. vt.厉声质问 4.Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely grateful. adv.极其 猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 5. rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的； 艰难的、艰苦的(生义)； 粗略的 ①The small boat was sailing in rough sea. adj.汹涌的 ②What moved me most was that the farmer’s hands were rough but strong and warm. adj.粗糙的 ③We made a rough plan for the trip，but we haven’t booked hotels yet. adj.粗略的 ④She had a rough childhood，growing up in a poor neighborhood with no parents. adj.艰难的、艰苦的 学生用书⬇第277页 6.bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 ①Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. adj.味苦的 ②The two candidates had a bitter debate over the new tax policy. adj.激烈而不愉快的 ③It’s really bitter out today. adj.严寒的 Ⅱ.构词法 构词法 名词后缀-ity表示“程度，性质，状态” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.(2025·全国二卷)Still，in room 386，academics don’t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority. n.优先事项，最重要的事 2.(2024·北京卷)With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding，the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. n.道德，品行 3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) First of all，decide what you want from that person.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favourite sport？ Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？ n.灵活性；弹性 Part 1.应用文增分练(发言稿—优秀品行) 　　假定你是李华，英语老师安排你今天做课前演讲，你打算谈谈如何应对逆境，内容要点如下： 1.面对逆境的态度；2.举例说明(中国古代或现代名人)；3.简要介绍人物面临的逆境；4.你的感受或启发。 　　用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文 【布局谋篇】 开篇：面对逆境的态度 　　①Facing adversity，we should have the perseverance to move on，which is of great importance(面对逆境，我们应该有毅力前行，这是很重要的). Take Zhang Qian for example，one of the most influential explorers during the Han Dynasty，②who showed exceptional endurance and perseverance in the face of adversity(面对困境他表现出了非凡的忍耐力和毅力). 中段：举例说明名人及人物面临的逆境 　　Zhang Qian was assigned to lead the expedition to the Western Regions twice.Unfortunately，he was once in prison for over a decade，③but he never abandoned the motive for his voyages(但他从未放弃远行的动力).Furthermore，although journey conditions were miserable，his commitment facilitated the commercial and cultural exchanges between the East and the West along the Silk Road. 结尾：感受或启发 　　④Inspired by him，I have resolved to stick to my aim regardless of any difficulties I may encounter(在他的激励下，我决定无论遇到什么困难都要坚持自己的目标). 【多元表达】 ⑤Furthermore，although journey conditions were miserable，his commitment facilitated the commercial and cultural exchanges between the East and the West along the Silk Road.(把让步状语从句简化为介词短语作状语) →Despite miserable journey conditions，his commitment facilitated the commercial and cultural exchanges between the East and the West along the Silk Road. 学生用书⬇第278页 Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　动作描写之“看”(二) 【语言素材】 瞥见/瞟见 ①glance at/around/back/up/down 瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看 ②take/cast a glance at ... 向……瞥一眼 ③catch a glimpse of 瞥见 ④see sth out of the corner of one’s eye 用眼角余光一瞟 ⑤cast a sideways look at 斜瞟了一眼 偷看 ①peek　　　　　偷看；窥视 ②peep at/through　　偷看 ③take a peep at 偷看一眼 ④steal a glance at 偷偷瞥一眼 其他 ①meet sb’s eye(s)/gaze＝gaze/eyes meets/meet sb　　　目光相遇；对视 ②keep/take one’s eyes off ... 把目光从……上移开 ③tear one’s eyes away from 恋恋不舍地把目光从……移开 ④look sb in the eye(s)/look into one’s eyes 直视某人的眼睛 ⑤drop one’s gaze/eyes 垂下眼帘 【靓句表达】 1.I glanced/looked back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me. 我回头瞥了一眼以确保没有人跟着我。 2.The teacher cast a glance at the noisy student，and the classroom immediately became quiet. 老师朝那个吵闹的学生匆匆瞥了一眼，教室立刻安静了下来。 3.She apologized to me sincerely and looked me in the eye the whole time. 她真诚地向我道歉，全程直视着我的眼睛。 4.When the teacher pointed out her mistake in the homework，she dropped her eyes，too embarrassed to say a word.当老师指出她作业中的错误时，她垂下眼帘，尴尬得说不出话来。 5.The teacher was writing on the blackboard，but out of the corner of her eye，she saw two students passing a note.老师在黑板上写字，却用眼角的余光看到两个学生传纸条。 续写语料运用　用表“看”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“优秀品行”——被老师发现手机后的“看” 　　The teacher ①was glancing around the classroom(正环视教室)，his eyes quickly sweeping over each student，when he suddenly ②caught sight of Mary(看见玛丽).Her eyes were glued to the phone.Mary finally lifted her head and ③met the teacher’s eyes (迎上老师的目光)，paused for a moment，and ④dropped her gaze (垂下眼帘).She swallowed hard，wondering how to explain it.⑤The teacher kept his eyes off her cellphone (老师把目光从她的手机上移开)，waiting patiently for her explanation.Finally，she looked up，⑥looked the teacher in the eye/looked into her teacher’s eyes (直视老师的眼睛) and told him the truth. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $