专题4 2 第二讲 介词(短语)(课件PPT)-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义(人教版)
2026-10-12
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摘要:
该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“介词(短语)”专题,依据高考评价体系梳理了时间、方位介词及高频介词短语两大核心考点,通过真题分析明确“单句语法填空”题型中时间介词“in/on/at”、方位介词“across/through”及“at a loss”“beyond control”等短语的高频考查权重,构建了系统的考点网络。
课件亮点在于“真题微练+思维建模”的备考策略,如结合2025全国二卷、浙江卷真题,通过“媒介分析”判断空格后名词是否需填介词,“固定搭配”归纳短语用法,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设“即学即练”和“易错点警示”,助力学生掌握答题技巧,教师可据此精准复习,提升备考效率。
内容正文:
高三总复习讲义 人教版
语法专题提升
专题四 冠词、连词、介词直接填——高考次考点
第二讲 介词(短语)
内容索引
02
好题再现——突出创新性
语法精讲——强调基础性
01
03
运用实践——彰显综合性
当空格后出现的是名词、代词或动名词,且这些词不作主语、定语或表语时,需要考虑填介词。
语法精讲——强调基础性
返回
考点一 常考介词
1.表示时间和方位的介词
类别 介词 用法
表示时间 at,in,on ①at表示时间点;②in表示时间段,与表示较长一段时间的词搭配;③on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日;也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上
in,after 两者后均可接时间段,表示“在……之后”,但“in+时间段”常与将来时连用,“after+时间段”常与过去时连用
for,since,
from ①“for+时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了一段时间;②“since+时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间;③“from+时间
点”表示行为或状态的起始点
类别 介词 用法
表示时间 before,by before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by 表示“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内
表示方位 on,above,
over ①on指在某物的表面上,其反义词是beneath;②above指离开物体表面而在其上方,不一定是垂直向上,其反义词是below;③over指离开物体表面而在其正上方,其反义词是under,over 还可以表示“越过……”
across,
through,
past,over,
along,by,
beside ①across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”;②through指从人群或物体内部“穿过,贯穿”;③past 表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边;④over表示从上方越过;⑤along表示“沿着”;⑥by与beside 均表示“在……旁边”,by含有“倚,凭靠”的意思,beside指两者位置关系
解题思维建模
类别 介词 用法
表示方位 at,in,on ①at后接较小的地方或门牌号码;②in后接较大的地方;③on一般指与面或线接触
in,on,
to,off ①in 表示在某一范围之内;②on 表示与某一地区“毗邻,接壤”;③to表示在某范围之外;④off 表示“(时空上)离,距”
①She looked through the telescope to see the stars.
她通过望远镜看星星。
②The airplane flew above the clouds.
飞机在云层上方飞行。
③He watched Karl run across the street to Tommy.
他看见卡尔横穿那条街道向汤米跑去。
④We will have dinner after we finish the meeting.
我们开完会后去吃晚饭。
2.其他介词
介词 用法
against ①反对,违背,与……相反;②碰,撞;③紧靠,倚靠;④和……相比;
⑤以防;⑥以……为背景
at ①用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前;
②用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、……岁、时节等的名词前;
③以,按(价格、速度、数量等);
④朝、向、对着某人/某物的方向
beyond ①(指程度)深于;②(指范围)超出;③(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及;④(时间)晚于
by ①(时间)不迟于,在……之前;②常用于结构“by+the+单数名词”,表示“按……计算”;③(表示程度、数量)相差;④经过,经由;通过(某种方法、手段)
介词 用法
for ①(表示目的或功能)为了;②(表示对象或用途)给,对;③(表示原因)因为,由于;④(表示时间、距离、数量)达,计;⑤支持,赞成;⑥至于,关于,就……而言;⑦(表示去向)往,向;⑧(表示陈述或问题的对象)对于
in ①(表示地点、场所、位置等)在……里面;在……内;②(表示时间)在……期间;在(一段时间)以内;在……之后;③(表示某人或某物的状态、情况)处于……中;④关于;在……方面
on ①(表示接触或由某一表面支撑着)在……上;②(表示时间)在……时候;
③关于,有关;④借助于,通过……,以……方式
with ①和……一起,和,同,跟;②(伴)随着;具有,带有;③由于,因为;
④(表示方式)用
①He walked out of the room with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走出了房间。
②She bought a gift for her friend’s birthday.
她为朋友的生日买了一份礼物。
③Please turn in your papers by tomorrow morning.
请在明天早上之前上交你的论文。
即学即练1——单句语法填空
1.Preparations for the Asian Winter Games continued ____ the Chinese New Year’s Eve, when the Games’ media village officially opened.
(2026·湖北省十一校第二次联考)
2.Eager to work ______ his own hands, Bock still chose the road that was foretold to be hard to resolute. (2026·湖南省质量检测)
on
with
3.Those who have tasted it will agree that a summer in Guiyang _________ a bowl of this brown sugar icy jelly would be a great pity.
(2025·西南名校联考二)
4.__________ these challenges, the future of China’s high-speed railway network looks bright. (2025·哈尔滨三中四模)
without
Despite
考点二 介词短语
1.at+名词
at a loss 不知所措
at dinner 在晚餐时
at peace 处于和平状态
at dawn 在黎明时刻
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
2.by+名词
by accident 偶然地
by chance 偶然地
by force 用武力
by hand 手工;亲手交付
by mistake 错误地
by the month 按月算
3.beyond+名词
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond control 失控
beyond description 难以描述
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑
beyond expression 难以表达
beyond(one’s)reach 够不到
4.in+名词
in bed 在床上
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
in difficulty 处境困难
in high spirits 情绪高昂
in need 在危难中;在穷困中
in order 整齐;井然有序
in surprise 吃惊地
in trouble 在困难中
in use 使用中
5.on+名词
on a trip 在旅行
on business 出差
on display/show 在展出
on duty 在值班
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on strike 在罢工
on the way 在途中
6.out of+名词
out of balance 失去平衡
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期
out of order 出故障
out of work 失业
7.under+名词
under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建造中
under control 在控制之下
under discussion 在讨论中
under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中
under treatment 在治疗中
8.其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒
at the sight of... 一看到……
in the face of 面对;面临
in addition(to) 另外;除了
in case of 万一
in charge of 负责;主管
in favour of 赞成;支持
in need of 需要
in no time 立刻
in a hurry 匆忙
in preparation for... 为……做准备
in return for 作为回报
of help/use 有帮助的/有用的
of importance 重要的
on behalf of 代表
即学即练2——单句语法填空
1.They also group teens ______ seven reading types, from “daily bookworms” to “screen lovers,” suggesting tailored solutions like book clubs or digital-storytelling projects. (2026·嘉兴市第二次教学测试)
2.Suddenly, the Chinese language is gaining popularity _____________ people of various skin colors and hair colors. (2026·湘豫名校联第四次模拟)
3.As people become more health-conscious,they’re finding ways to enjoy traditional foods while keeping their well-being ____ mind.
(2025·吉林高考猜题信息卷)
into
with/among
in
解题思维建模
返回
好题再现——突出创新性
返回
Ⅰ.语法与高考真题微练——单句语法填空
1.Nothing in my life before prepared me _____ this one—and to be sure,the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. (2025·全国二卷)
2.Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead __________ the fact that they have something unique to wear...
(2025·浙江1月卷)
3.The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform _____ the world to better understand China... (2025·八省联考)
for
on/upon
for
4.After all,exploring the world shouldn’t come ____ the planet’s expense.
(2025·北京卷)
5.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ____ Romeo and Juliet. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
at
to
Ⅱ.语法与真题写作微练——根据所给汉语完成句子
1.我和妻子想在初夏举办一个小型聚会,与家人和朋友分享我们的新家。
(2025·全国一卷)
My wife and I wanted to ___________________________________________
_____________________ in the early summer.
2.那人愣了一下,但当他看到那个瘦骨嶙峋的男孩时,他松了一口气。
(2025·浙江1月卷)
The man ________________,but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief.
share our new home with family and friends by
hosting a small gathering
froze for a second
3.那人惊慌地站了起来,然后穿过房子跑向窗户,跳了出去。
(2025·浙江1月卷)
The man stood up in a panic,then __________________________________
and jumped out.
4.剧院外的指示牌告诉我,我在正确的夜晚来到了正确的地方。
(2025·八省联考)
A sign outside the theater told me that I was ____________________________
_______.
返回
ran through the house toward the window
in the right place on the right
evening
运用实践——彰显综合性
返回
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Today, the “cloud school bus”combines a bus ride, a 268-meter lift, and a 200-meter cable car, transforming _____ previous dangerous trip into a safe and enjoyable experience. (2025·济南市三模)
2.High-speed trains have shortened _____ journey from Beijing to the coastal city Tianjin to half an hour. (2026·江苏省盐城市七校学情检测)
the
the
3.Villagers have seized the opportunity and significantly improved their livelihoods by launching businesses, ______ farmstays, coffee shops, and guesthouses. (2025·济南市三模)
4.It is known _____ its diverse playing techniques, including plucking, strumming, and sliding. (2025·山东省临沂市5月模拟)
like
for
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2026·湖北省协作体统考)
Hua’er, which literally means flower in Chinese, is known as a type of “mountain songs” and has been wildly popular in 1.______________(China) Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang for hundreds of years.
1.分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用名词China的所有格形式作定语,修饰后面的名词Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang,表示所属关系。故填China’s。
China’s
Growing up listening to Hua’er, Sa Lina, 36, has been engaged in this 2.______________(tradition) art for almost 20 years.After graduating from a secondary school in 2005, Sa returned to her home county of Haiyuan in Ningxia and became a member of a local art group.Soon she was given a chance 3.______________(sing) with Ma Handong, a famous singer of Hua’er.
3.分析句子结构和意思可知,名词chance需要动词不定式作后置定语。故填to sing。
2.分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词art。故填traditional。
traditional
to sing
“I had never sung Hua’er before, so I listened and sang along with the tapes, and 4.________ my surprise, I soon fell in love with it,” she said.
4.分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查固定短语to my surprise,意为“令我惊讶的是”。故填to。
to
Since then, Sa has devoted 5.______________(she) to mastering the folk art from learning from Ma the techniques and skills used in performances, attending performances given by other well-known singers, practicing singing Hua’er whenever possible, to 6.______________(study) its origin and history.
6.分析句子结构和意思可知,空格前面的to是介词,后面用动名词形式作宾语。故填studying。
5.分析句子结构和意思可知,devote oneself to固定搭配,意为“致力于……”,这里需要反身代词作宾语。故填herself。
herself
studying
“Maybe because I was born here, Hua’er is in my blood and bones and I 7.______________(learn) it quite fast,” said Sa.At the age of 27, she 8.______________(name) an inheritor(传承人) of Hua’er, becoming 9._______ youngest inheritor of this traditional art at the time.
7.分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,谓语用一般过去时。故填learned/learnt。
learned/learnt
was named
the
8.分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,谓语动词name和主语she之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was named。
9.分析句子结构和意思可知,最高级前应用the来修饰。故填the。
“What people long for in their hearts can be best expressed by singing a song.Just 10._____ the old saying goes, Hua’er reflects one’s heart and people can’t help singing it,” said the artist.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍在中国的青海、甘肃、宁夏和新疆流行了数百年的山歌《花儿》。
10.分析句子结构和意思可知,______ the old saying goes是非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句的内容,从句位于主语前面,表示“正如”,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
as
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第二讲 介词(短语)
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