人教版高中英语必修一 Unit5 Reading and Thinking 长难句精讲精练

本高中英语讲义聚焦人教版必修一Unit 5 Reading and Thinking长难句，系统梳理定语从句（which限定与非限定用法）、date back to时态及非谓语形式、as原因状语从句、no matter where让步状语从句、“介词+关系代词”定语从句、非谓语动词后置定语等核心语法点，构建递进式语法学习支架。 资料采用“原句-讲解-例句-演练”四步教学法，结合具体实例（如which引导非限定性定语从句的单句填空与翻译）提升语言能力，通过句型仿写、翻译任务培养思维品质，分层同步训练（语法填空、补全句子、互译）课中辅助教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

人教版高中英语必修一 Reading and Thinking 长难句精讲精练 Unit 5 Languages Around the World — Reading Sentence 1 【原句】China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times …中国引起古代文明一直延续至今而闻名… 【讲解】句中which 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语。此外,要注意which引导非限定性定语从句的用法，它可以指代事物，也可以指代前面一件事或一个句子。此时不可以换成that 。 例如：He lost the book which was bought by his mother .他丢失了他妈妈给他买的那本书。 例如：He broke the window ,which let his mother very angry .他打碎了窗户，让他妈妈很生气。 【演练】 单句填空：The Great Wall, ______ is a symbol of China, is famous all over the world. 翻译：他考试失败了，这件事让他父母很失望。（which引导非限定性定语从句） Sentence 2 【原句】It date backs back several thousand years to the use of longgu – animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people .他可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨时期-古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上面刻画简单的符号。 【讲解】句中的date back (to)=date from “追溯到，通常用于现在时态；作定语时，用现在分词的形式，即dating back … 例如：The temple dates back to the13th century .这座庙宇要追溯到13世纪。 例如：The temple dating back to the 13th century was built by an ancient king . 追溯到13世纪的那座庙宇是由一位古代的国王所建立。 【演练】 单句填空：This tool can date back______the 8th century. 单句语法填空：These characters ____________(date) back to ancient times haven’t been translated by the research team so far . Sentence 3 【原句】Over the years, the Chinese writing system has developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地狱的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字字体的产生。 【讲解】 1.句中的as 引导原因状语从句，it was a time when …这是一个……时期，when是引导定语从句，修饰a time ，也可做固定句式记忆。 例如：There was a time when I was stuck at home, doing nothing. 曾经有一段时期，我待在家里，无所事事。 2.leading to短语作自然而然的结果状语。 例如：His parents died in an traffic accident, leaving him an orphan . 他的父母在一次交通事故中去世了，使他成了一个孤儿。 【演练】 单句填空：They found some valuable antiques ,_________(make) them earn a lot of money . 句型仿写：曾经有一段时期我很怀念和祖父一起种葡萄 ___________________________________________________________________________ Sentence 4 【原句】Even today, no matter where Chinese people live, they can still communicate in writing.即便在今天，无论中国人居住在何处，他们依然可以通过书写进行交流。 【讲解】句中no matter where 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论在哪……”。同样的表达还有no matter what, no matter how , no matter why等。 例如：He always brought his parents no matter where he went. 无论他去哪里，他都会带着父母。 【演练】 单句填空：No matter ______ you go, I will follow you. 翻译： 无论你身在何方，都不要忘记自己的根。 ___________________________________________________________________________ Sentence5 【原句】Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past,汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 【讲解】句中by +which引导的定语从句，修饰means。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意其中的关系代词只能用which 和 whom。 例如：He met an old man in the street to whom he gave a bag of corn . 他在街上遇到一个老人，他给了他一袋玉米。 【演练】 单句填空： He went to Beijing for study ,during _______ he knew some famous persons . 单句填空：My grandpa was 60,_______ whom I spent 3 years in the countryside . Sentence 6 【原句】The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen I the development of Chinese characters as an art form ,known as Chinese calligraphy ,which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式-书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 【讲解】句中known as 短语作后置定语，此时an art form。be known as …作为…而出名；be known for…作为……而出名。要注意非谓语动词短语作后置定语，前面不能有be动词 例如：Attracted by the scenery here,she decided to stay for another week . 被这里的风景所吸引，她决定再待一周。 Known for short novels ,the writer was popular among young people. 因为短篇小说而出名，他很受年轻人的欢迎。 【演练】 单句填空：At last , I met the woman _________(know) as a famous singer. 单句填空：He made a film _______(base) on a true story . 同步跟踪训练 一、语法填空 1. Confucius Temple, ______ stands for traditional Chinese culture, attracts plenty of visitors yearly. 2. It is certain ______ Chinese characters have a history dating back to thousands of years. 3. Stone is used ______ (build) many old buildings in ancient China. 4. The small town ______ (develop) into a famous cultural city over the past ten years. 5. No matter ______ we travel, we can find Chinese characters in overseas Chinatowns. 6. ______ makes handwriting valuable is that it carries traditional Chinese spirits. 7. Lots of ancient classics ______ (preserve) well thanks to Chinese writing system. 8. It is widely ______ (believe) that characters promote the spread of Chinese culture. 9. ______ our country develops faster, Chinese gains higher global popularity. 10. Our mother tongue is not only a communication tool but also a treasure ______ links our past and future. 11. These old paintings ______ (date) back to Ming Dynasty are well kept in the museum. 12. No matter ______ difficulty we meet, we should stick to learning Chinese well. 13. Many folk tales ______ (pass) down for centuries because of written records. 14. As spring comes, flowers become ______ (color) and ______ (color). 15. Paper-making, ______ was invented in China, helps record ancient civilization. 二、补全句子 1. ________________________________________（毫无疑问）that Chinese characters connect different ages of Chinese people.（It is certain that） 2. ________________________________________（无论我们去往哪个国家）, we can feel the charm of Chinese.（no matter where 让步从句） 3. ________________________________________（让汉字独一无二的是）its special ways to express meanings without pronunciation.（what 主语从句） 4. It is widely believed that calligraphy ________________________________________（在传统文化发展中起到重要作用）.（play an important role in） 5. Chinese is not only a daily communication tool ________________________________________（也是连接海内外华人的桥梁）.（not only…but also＋定语从句） 三、英汉互译（10 题） 英译汉 5 句 1. Chinese calligraphy, which is a precious cultural treasure, has a history dating back to ancient times. 2. It is certain that many ancient books have been preserved because of mature written Chinese. 3. No matter where overseas Chinese settle down, written Chinese keeps their cultural connection. 4. What makes paper characters popular is that they can record history and spread thoughts. 5. As Chinese culture spreads worldwide, Chinese characters are becoming more and more influential globally. 汉译英 5 句 1. 毛笔起初被用来书写汉字，是中国传统文具之一。（at the beginning＋be used to do＋非限定定语从句） 2. 经过漫长岁月，甲骨文已经发展成我们如今使用的简体汉字。（现在完成时 develop into） 3. 人们普遍认为汉字在中华文明传承中发挥着不可替代的作用。（It is widely believed that；play a role in） 4. 让古诗词流传千年的是依托完善的汉字书写体系。（what 主语从句＋现在完成被动） 5. 汉语不仅是交流工具，更是一座连接中外文化的桥梁。（not only…but also＋that 定语从句） Unit 5参考答案 Sentence 1 单句填空： which 翻译： He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. Sentence 2 单句填空： to 单句填空： dating 解析：date back to 作定语时用现在分词形式，与characters构成主动关系。 Sentence 3 单句填空： making 解析：现在分词作自然而然的结果状语。 句型仿写： There was a time when I missed planting grapes with my grandfather very much. Sentence 4 单句填空： where 翻译： No matter where you are, don't forget your roots. Sentence 5 单句填空： which 单句填空： with Sentence 6 单句填空： known 单句填空： based 解析：be based on 去掉be动词后作后置定语。 同步跟踪训练 一、语法填空 题号 答案 解析 1 which 非限制性定语从句，指代Confucius Temple，在从句中作主语 2 that It is certain that... 主语从句，that不可省略 3 to build be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 4 has developed over the past ten years 与现在完成时连用 5 where no matter where 引导让步状语从句 6 What What引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，意为"……的事物" 7 are preserved 主语classics与preserve为被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时被动 8 believed It is widely believed that... 固定句型 9 As As引导时间/原因状语从句，"随着/因为" 10 that/which 定语从句修饰treasure，关系代词在从句中作主语 11 dating dating back to... 现在分词短语作后置定语 12 what no matter what difficulty = whatever difficulty，what修饰名词difficulty 13 have been passed for centuries与现在完成时连用，且为被动语态 14 colorful; colorful become + adj.；and连接并列结构，两个空都填colorful（或more and more colorful） 15 which 非限制性定语从句，指代Paper-making 二、补全句子 1. It is certain that Chinese characters connect different ages of Chinese people. 2. No matter which country we go to, we can feel the charm of Chinese. 3. What makes Chinese characters unique is that its special ways to express meanings without pronunciation. 4. It is widely believed that calligraphy plays an important role in the development of traditional culture. 5. Chinese is not only a daily communication tool but also a bridge that connects Chinese people at home and abroad. 三、英汉互译 英译汉 1. 中国书法是一项珍贵的文化瑰宝，其历史可追溯到古代。 2. 毫无疑问，许多古籍得以保存是因为成熟的书面汉语。 3. 无论海外华人定居何处，书面汉语都维系着他们的文化纽带。 4. 纸质文字之所以广受欢迎，是因为它们能够记录历史、传播思想。 5. 随着中国文化在全球的传播，汉字在世界范围内的影响力正日益增强。 汉译英 1. The writing brush, which was used to write Chinese characters at the beginning, is one of the traditional Chinese stationery. 2. After a long period of time, oracle bone inscriptions have developed into the simplified Chinese characters we use today. 3. It is widely believed that Chinese characters play an irreplaceable role in the inheritance of Chinese civilization. 4. What has made ancient poetry survive for thousands of years is that it relies on the perfect Chinese writing system. 5. Chinese is not only a tool for communication but also a bridge that connects Chinese and foreign cultures. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $