专题03 被动语态 （暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材外研版

专题03 被动语态 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 被动语态 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 1. 越来越注重语境理解，单纯的时间标志词识别题减少； 2. 与时态进行对比辨析； 3. 在语篇中考查被动语态。 考情解码：被动语态一般以单项选择，完形填空、语法填空形式出现在试卷中。主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，含情态动词的被动语态。考查的难点就是要判断是否要使用被动语态，这是历来学生出错的地方。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 1.【各种时态的被动语态】 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car . 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank . 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 2.【被动语态的用法】 （1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children. （3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone. （4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan. 3.【主动语态变被动语态的方法】 记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤： （1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 （2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。 （3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 （4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。 （5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 4.【被动语态的几种特殊形式 】 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。 如：We call him Xiao Wang.→He Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short.→His hair short. They told him to help me. →He to help me. We find English very useful. →English very useful. （2） 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。 如： I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen the tree. They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched that morning. 【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim the guitar in his room. （3） 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。 如： My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) →A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语) →I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语) （4） 短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。 如： We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on. 5.【主动结构表示被动意义】 （1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。 如： This kind of drink strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。 Our teacher younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。 （2） 当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。 如： The book well. 这本书很畅销。 This knife well.这把小刀很锋利。 （3） 不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。 如： An accident near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。 Great changes have place in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。 （4） 不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。 如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。 This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。 （5） sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。 如： Your room needs . = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。 （6） be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。 如： The movie is worth by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。 6.【不用被动语态的情况】 （1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。 如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对） The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对） （2） 主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。 如： My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误） He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误） （3） 主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。 如： The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。 不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误） They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。 不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误） 7.【被动语态与系表结构的区别】 “be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 （1） 含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。 如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构） The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态） （2） 句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。 如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构） The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态） （3） 系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。 如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 （4） 系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。 如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 （5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 【巩固提升1】单句填空 1.It's 　 　(report) that tea has helped the farmers in Yunnan find a way to make a living.  2.A lot of trees 　 　(plant) in our city in spring every year.  3.His new novel is very popular and it 　 　(sell) out last week.  4.Mr.Green 　 　(invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.  5.A speech competition 　 　(hold) in our school last week.  6.I think a lot of jobs 　 　(do) by machines and robots in the future.  7.When he is 18 years old, he 　 　(allow) to drive a car with a driver's license.  8.As we all know, the telephone 　 　(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.  9.He 　 　(interview) at the TV station and then arrived home at 10:00 p.m.  10.—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone? —Because it 　 　(produce) last month. It's the newest type.  11.Nowadays teenagers 　 　(encourage) to do voluntary work for their local communities.  12.Many labs 　 　(build) in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.  13.The lawyer 　 　(pay) if he wins.  14.In old days, the poor 　 　(force) to work for their bosses for over 18 hours a day.  15.—Will you come to Selina's birthday party? —I won't come unless I 　 　(invite).  【巩固提升2】单项选择 1.Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. have planted 2.Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 3.The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A. is made; sent B. made; sent C. made; is sent 4.Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1.The bridge __________ (build) in 1990. 2.English __________ (speak) widely in the world. 3.These flowers __________ (water) every day. 4.The letter __________ (write) by my father yesterday. 5.A meeting __________ (hold) next Friday. 6.Rubbish was__________ (separate) into different groups. 7.The old clothes __________ (collect) by volunteers last month. 8.This kind of toy __________ (make) in China. 9.The problem __________ (solve) tomorrow. 10.Children __________ (not allow) to play near the river. 11.The window __________ (break) by Tom just now. 12.More trees __________ (plant) next year. 13.The lost boy __________ (find) at last. 14.All the homework __________ (finish) on time every day. 15.The music __________ (sound) beautiful. 16.The story __________ (tell) to us yesterday. 17.The machine __________ (check) every week. 18.A new hospital __________ (set) up in our town soon. 19.The books __________ (keep) for two weeks. 20.The accident __________ (happen) last night. 二、句型转换(将下列句子改为同义句) 1.People speak English widely.____________________________________________ 2.Tom broke the window yesterday.________________________________________ 3.We will plant more trees next year.________________________________________ 4.They should clean the classroom every day._________________________________ 5.The girl was helped by the old man.______________________________________ 6.This book was written by my mother._______________________________________ 7.The letter will be sent by him tomorrow.____________________________________ 8.We saw him play football just now.______________________________________ 9.The children are looked after by their aunt.__________________________________ 10.The problem can be solved by us.______________________________________ 三．句子翻译(用被动语态,注意部分句子无被动语态) 1.这座桥建于 2010 年。__________________________________________ 2.这些杯子是由玻璃制成的。__________________________________________ 3.我们每天被要求穿校服。__________________________________________ 4.这本书下周将被出版。__________________________________________ 5.老人应该被好好照顾。__________________________________________ 6.昨天这条路上发生了一起事故。__________________________________________ 7.这项工作必须按时完成。__________________________________________ 8.这些衣服是由志愿者收集的。__________________________________________ 9.他的自行车昨天被偷了。__________________________________________ 10.每年都有很多树被种植。__________________________________________ 三、语法选择 （24-25八年级下·广东揭阳·期末）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 When we think of Milan Fashion Week, we may think of wonderful fashion shows. It is true that every fashion show is 1 . Milan Fashion Week is one of the four most famous fashion weeks in the world. The organizers (组办者) hold it twice a year. One is in February 2 March. The other is in September or the early October. It is one of the 3 platforms (平台) in the world. When the fashion show 4 , the world’s top models will gather in Milan, Italy. When it begins, not only famous designers but buyers appear there. During about a month, people can watch more than 300 high-level fashion shows. 5 can also see the performances of top models. All the models feel proud 6 they walk on the catwalk of Milan Fashion Week. Zhang Liang is 7 first Chinese model among them. Zhao Huizhou is the first Chinese woman designer. The organizers invited her 28 in such a big event in 2015. Her fashion is full 9 Chinese culture. Now we find more and more Chinese 10 names in Milan Fashion Week. 1．A．excite B．excitingly C．exciting 2．A．and B．or C．but 3．A．hot B．hotter C．hottest 4．A．come B．came C．is coming 5．A．They B．Them C．Their 6．A．when B．though C．if 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．join B．to join C．joining 9．A．of B．up C．with 10．A．designers B．designer’s C．designers’ 四、语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江台州·期末）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Spring Festival is the oldest festival in China. It’s also the country’s 1 (important) traditional festival. Since Dec. 4th, 2024, it 2 (become) a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (世界教科文非物质文化遗产). “My friends and I 3 (work) in the office when we heard the news”, said Tong Xige, 24 engineer from Shanghai, “This important event has great 5 (mean) to all Chinese.” The Spring Festival falls on the 6 (one) day of the Chinese calendar. Celebrations start weeks before the festival. And they don’t end until the Lantern Festival. 7 (activity) include wishing for good luck and getting together with families. On New Year’s eve, preparing a big dinner with family members is just as joyful as having the dinner 8 (it). And during the festival, red lanterns shine 9 (bright) in the streets, bringing warmth 10 happiness to everyone. The Spring Festival is now a public holiday in almost 20 countries. One in five people in the world celebrate it. 五、任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期末）根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。 The Art of War is a book written over 2,500 years ago by Sun Tzu, a Chinese strategist (战略家). Living during the Spring and Autumn period, Sun had a good knowledge of war (战争) strategies. The book’s 13 chapters (篇章) cover different parts of war. Surprisingly, its lessons can help solve everyday problems! They teach skills. Here are three of them. “Winning comes to those who know when to act and when to walk away,” Sun Tzu wrote. This means choosing fights wisely. For example, if a classmate says something unkind, staying cool might be better than shouting. Not every small argument needs a big fight. Leadership isn’t just about giving orders—it’s about thinking smartly and making good plans. “Work on your weak points, not your strong ones,” Sun Tzu said. Imagine studying for a hard test: spend more time on your weakest subject first. He also said, “Understand yourself and your competitor, and you can fight a hundred battles (战役) with no danger of losing.” Know your strengths and weaknesses to make better plans for schoolwork. “Change like water,” Sun Tzu taught. If your soccer team’s plan isn’t working, try new ways! Life doesn’t always go as you expect. Being able to change helps you catch good chances. Change like water, and you’ll grow! This ancient book is still popular to this day around the world, whether in wars, politics, business, sports or relationships. Next time when you face a challenge, ask what Sun Tzu would do. His ancient advice might just help you succeed! The Art of WarIt’s not just about war strategies, but about 1 . 2 about the book ⚫Author: Sun Tzu, a Chinese strategist. ⚫Time: over 2,500 years ago during the Spring and Autumn period. ⚫Contents: 13 chapters covering different parts of war. Three examples Example 1 3 —Know when to act and when to walk away. eg. Stay cool when classmate says something unkind. Example 2Think Like a Leader—Work on your weak points; understand yourself and your competitor. eg. Make better schoolwork plans according to 4 Example 3Be Ready to Change—Change like water to catch chances. eg. Try new ways when a soccer plan fails. Long-term popularity ⚫Used in: Wars, politics, business, sports or relationships. ⚫Tip: When facing challenges, 5 might be helpful. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 被动语态 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 被动语态 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 1. 越来越注重语境理解，单纯的时间标志词识别题减少； 2. 与时态进行对比辨析； 3. 在语篇中考查被动语态。 考情解码：被动语态一般以单项选择，完形填空、语法填空形式出现在试卷中。主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，含情态动词的被动语态。考查的难点就是要判断是否要使用被动语态，这是历来学生出错的地方。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 1.【各种时态的被动语态】 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 2.【被动语态的用法】 （1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children. （3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone. （4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan. 3.【主动语态变被动语态的方法】 记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤： （1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。 （2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。 （3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 （4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。 （5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. 4.【被动语态的几种特殊形式 】 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。 如：We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short. They told him to help me. →He was told to help me. We find English very useful. →English is found very useful. （2） 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。 如： I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen to fall off the tree. They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning. 【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. （3） 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。 如： My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) →A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语) →I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语) （4） 短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。 如： We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on. 5.【主动结构表示被动意义】 （1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。 如： This kind of drink tastes strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。 Our teacher looks younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。 （2） 当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。 如： The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 This knife cuts well.这把小刀很锋利。 （3） 不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。 如： An accident happened near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。 Great changes have taken place in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。 （4） 不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。 如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。 This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。 （5） sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。 如： Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。 （6） be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。 如： The movie is worth watching by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。 6.【不用被动语态的情况】 （1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。 如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对） The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对） （2） 主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。 如： My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误） He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误） （3） 主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。 如： The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。 不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误） They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。 不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误） 7.【被动语态与系表结构的区别】 “be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 （1） 含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。 如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构） The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态） （2） 句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。 如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构） The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态） （3） 系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。 如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 （4） 系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。 如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 （5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 【巩固提升1】单句填空 1.It's 　 　(report) that tea has helped the farmers in Yunnan find a way to make a living.  2.A lot of trees 　 　(plant) in our city in spring every year.  3.His new novel is very popular and it 　 　(sell) out last week.  4.Mr.Green 　 　(invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.  5.A speech competition 　 　(hold) in our school last week.  6.I think a lot of jobs 　 　(do) by machines and robots in the future.  7.When he is 18 years old, he 　 　(allow) to drive a car with a driver's license.  8.As we all know, the telephone 　 　(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.  9.He 　 　(interview) at the TV station and then arrived home at 10:00 p.m.  10.—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone? —Because it 　 　(produce) last month. It's the newest type.  11.Nowadays teenagers 　 　(encourage) to do voluntary work for their local communities.  12.Many labs 　 　(build) in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.  13.The lawyer 　 　(pay) if he wins.  14.In old days, the poor 　 　(force) to work for their bosses for over 18 hours a day.  15.—Will you come to Selina's birthday party? —I won't come unless I 　 　(invite).  【答案】1.reported　2.are planted　3.was sold　4.was invited　5.was held　6.will be done　7.is allowed　8.was invented9.had been interviewed　10.was produced　11.are encouraged　12.will be built　13.will be paid　14.were forced　15.am invited 【巩固提升2】单项选择 1.Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. have planted 【答案】B 【解析】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种很多树。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系，结合“every year”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 2.Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 3.The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A. is made; sent B. made; sent C. made; is sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。 考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 4.Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 【答案】D 【解析】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1.The bridge __________ (build) in 1990. 2.English __________ (speak) widely in the world. 3.These flowers __________ (water) every day. 4.The letter __________ (write) by my father yesterday. 5.A meeting __________ (hold) next Friday. 6.Rubbish was__________ (separate) into different groups. 7.The old clothes __________ (collect) by volunteers last month. 8.This kind of toy __________ (make) in China. 9.The problem __________ (solve) tomorrow. 10.Children __________ (not allow) to play near the river. 11.The window __________ (break) by Tom just now. 12.More trees __________ (plant) next year. 13.The lost boy __________ (find) at last. 14.All the homework __________ (finish) on time every day. 15.The music __________ (sound) beautiful. 16.The story __________ (tell) to us yesterday. 17.The machine __________ (check) every week. 18.A new hospital __________ (set) up in our town soon. 19.The books __________ (keep) for two weeks. 20.The accident __________ (happen) last night. 【答案】1.was built 2. is spoken 3. are watered 4. was written 5. will be held 6. separated 7. were collected 8. is made 9. will be solved 10. are not allowed 11. was broken 12. will be planted 13. was found 14. is finished 15. sounds 16. was told 17. is checked18. will be set 19. are kept 20. happened 二、句型转换(将下列句子改为同义句) 1.People speak English widely.____________________________________________ 2.Tom broke the window yesterday.________________________________________ 3.We will plant more trees next year.________________________________________ 4.They should clean the classroom every day._________________________________ 5.The girl was helped by the old man.______________________________________ 6.This book was written by my mother._______________________________________ 7.The letter will be sent by him tomorrow.____________________________________ 8.We saw him play football just now.______________________________________ 9.The children are looked after by their aunt.__________________________________ 10.The problem can be solved by us.______________________________________ 【答案】1.English is spoken widely by people. 2.The window was broken by Tom yesterday. 3.More trees will be planted by us next year. 4.The classroom should be cleaned by them every day. 5.The old man helped the girl. 6.My mother wrote this book. 7.He will send the letter tomorrow. 8.He was seen to play football just now. 9.Their aunt looks after the children. 10.We can solve the problem. 三．句子翻译(用被动语态,注意部分句子无被动语态) 1.这座桥建于 2010 年。__________________________________________ 2.这些杯子是由玻璃制成的。__________________________________________ 3.我们每天被要求穿校服。__________________________________________ 4.这本书下周将被出版。__________________________________________ 5.老人应该被好好照顾。__________________________________________ 6.昨天这条路上发生了一起事故。__________________________________________ 7.这项工作必须按时完成。__________________________________________ 8.这些衣服是由志愿者收集的。__________________________________________ 9.他的自行车昨天被偷了。__________________________________________ 10.每年都有很多树被种植。__________________________________________ 【答案】1.The bridge was built in 2010. 2.These cups are made of glass. 3.We are asked to wear school uniforms every day. 4.This book will be published next week. 5.The old should be looked after well. 6.An accident happened on this road yesterday. 7.The work must be finished on time. 8.These clothes were collected by volunteers. 9.His bike was stolen yesterday. 10.Many trees are planted every year. 三、语法选择 （24-25八年级下·广东揭阳·期末）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 When we think of Milan Fashion Week, we may think of wonderful fashion shows. It is true that every fashion show is 1 . Milan Fashion Week is one of the four most famous fashion weeks in the world. The organizers (组办者) hold it twice a year. One is in February 2 March. The other is in September or the early October. It is one of the 3 platforms (平台) in the world. When the fashion show 4 , the world’s top models will gather in Milan, Italy. When it begins, not only famous designers but buyers appear there. During about a month, people can watch more than 300 high-level fashion shows. 5 can also see the performances of top models. All the models feel proud 6 they walk on the catwalk of Milan Fashion Week. Zhang Liang is 7 first Chinese model among them. Zhao Huizhou is the first Chinese woman designer. The organizers invited her 28 in such a big event in 2015. Her fashion is full 9 Chinese culture. Now we find more and more Chinese 10 names in Milan Fashion Week. 1．A．excite B．excitingly C．exciting 2．A．and B．or C．but 3．A．hot B．hotter C．hottest 4．A．come B．came C．is coming 5．A．They B．Them C．Their 6．A．when B．though C．if 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．join B．to join C．joining 9．A．of B．up C．with 10．A．designers B．designer’s C．designers’ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了米兰时装周。 1．句意：诚然，每一场时装秀都令人兴奋。 excite使兴奋，动词；excitingly令人兴奋地，副词；exciting令人兴奋的，形容词。根据“every fashion show is”可知，此处填形容词修饰“时装展”，所以exciting“令人兴奋的”符合。故选C。 2．句意：一个在二月或三月。 and和，表并列；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折。横线前后是选择其一的关系，要么是二月，要么是三月。故选B。 3．句意：它是世界上最热门的平台之一。 hot热的，形容词原级；hotter更热的，形容词比较级；hottest最热的，形容词最高级。根据“one of the”可知，考查one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，故选C。 4． 句意：当时装秀到来时，世界顶级模特将齐聚意大利米兰。 come一般现在时；came一般过去时；is coming现在进行时。由于主语“the fashion show”是单数，所以排除A；结合后文“the world’s top models will gather in Milan, Italy.”可知，排除一般过去时。故选C。 5．句意：他们还可以看到顶级模特的表演。 They他们，主格；Them他们，宾格；Their他们的，形容词性物主代词。此处作主语，代指“人们”，所以填主格，故选A。 6．句意：当模特们走在米兰时装周的T台上时，他们都感到骄傲。 when当……的时候；though虽然；if如果。根据“All the models feel proud...they walk on the catwalk of Milan Fashion Week.”可知，横线后是时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。故选A。 7．句意：张亮是他们当中第一个中国模特。 a不定冠词，泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头；an不定冠词，泛指一个，用于元音音素开头；the定冠词，特指。根据“first”可知，序数词前填the，表顺序。故选C。 8．句意：组织者邀请她参加2015年这样一个大型活动。 join原形；to join不定式结构；joining现在分词。根据“invited her”可知，考查invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，所以填to join。故选B。 9．句意：她的时尚充满中国文化。 of……的；up向上；with和。根据“is full”可知，考查be full of“充满”。故选A。 10．句意：现在我们在米兰时装周上发现越来越多的中国设计师的名字。 designers设计师；designer’s设计师的；designers’设计师的。根据“names”可知，这里指设计师们的名字，故选C。 四、语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江台州·期末）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Spring Festival is the oldest festival in China. It’s also the country’s 1 (important) traditional festival. Since Dec. 4th, 2024, it 2 (become) a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (世界教科文非物质文化遗产). “My friends and I 3 (work) in the office when we heard the news”, said Tong Xige, 24 engineer from Shanghai, “This important event has great 5 (mean) to all Chinese.” The Spring Festival falls on the 6 (one) day of the Chinese calendar. Celebrations start weeks before the festival. And they don’t end until the Lantern Festival. 7 (activity) include wishing for good luck and getting together with families. On New Year’s eve, preparing a big dinner with family members is just as joyful as having the dinner 8 (it). And during the festival, red lanterns shine 9 (bright) in the streets, bringing warmth 10 happiness to everyone. The Spring Festival is now a public holiday in almost 20 countries. One in five people in the world celebrate it. 【答案】1．most important 2．has become 3．were working 4．an 5．meaning 6．first 7．Activities 8．itself 9．brightly 10．and 【导语】本文主要介绍了春节的历史、地位和影响。 【详解】1．句意：它也是这个国家最重要的传统节日。此处表示最重要的节日，应用important的最高级形式most important，表示“最重要的”。故填most important。 2．句意：自从2024年12月4日，它已经成为联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产。根据“Since Dec. 4th, 2024”可知，此处应用现在完成时，其构成是have/has+过去分词，主语是it，助动词用has，become的过去分词是become。故填has become。 3．句意：当我的朋友和我听到这个消息时，我们正在办公室工作。根据“...when we heard the news...”可知，此处表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其构成是was/were+现在分词，主语是My friends and I，be动词用were，work的现在分词是working。故填were working。 4．句意：一位来自上海的工程师童希格说。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一位工程师”，应用不定冠词，engineer以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 5．句意：这个重要的事件对所有中国人都有重大的意义。根据空前的形容词great可知，此处应填名词，mean的名词是meaning，是不可数名词。故填meaning。 6．句意：春节是在中国农历的第一天。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填序数词，one的序数词是first。故填first。 7．句意：活动包括祝福好运和与家人团聚。根据空后的谓语动词include可知，此处应填名词作主语，activity意为“活动”，是可数名词，应用复数形式，activity的复数是activities，位于句首首字母大写。故填Activities。 8．句意：在除夕，与家人准备一顿丰盛的晚餐和吃晚餐一样快乐。此处指“晚餐本身”，应用反身代词，it的反身代词是itself，意为“它自己”。故填itself。 9．句意：节日期间，红灯笼在街上明亮地闪烁，给每个人带来温暖和快乐。此处修饰动词shine，应用副词，bright意为“明亮的”，是形容词，其副词是brightly，意为“明亮地”。故填brightly。 10．句意：节日期间，红灯笼在街上明亮地闪烁，给每个人带来温暖和快乐。warmth和happiness是并列关系，应用并列连词and，意为“和”。故填and。 五、任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期末）根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。 The Art of War is a book written over 2,500 years ago by Sun Tzu, a Chinese strategist (战略家). Living during the Spring and Autumn period, Sun had a good knowledge of war (战争) strategies. The book’s 13 chapters (篇章) cover different parts of war. Surprisingly, its lessons can help solve everyday problems! They teach skills. Here are three of them. “Winning comes to those who know when to act and when to walk away,” Sun Tzu wrote. This means choosing fights wisely. For example, if a classmate says something unkind, staying cool might be better than shouting. Not every small argument needs a big fight. Leadership isn’t just about giving orders—it’s about thinking smartly and making good plans. “Work on your weak points, not your strong ones,” Sun Tzu said. Imagine studying for a hard test: spend more time on your weakest subject first. He also said, “Understand yourself and your competitor, and you can fight a hundred battles (战役) with no danger of losing.” Know your strengths and weaknesses to make better plans for schoolwork. “Change like water,” Sun Tzu taught. If your soccer team’s plan isn’t working, try new ways! Life doesn’t always go as you expect. Being able to change helps you catch good chances. Change like water, and you’ll grow! This ancient book is still popular to this day around the world, whether in wars, politics, business, sports or relationships. Next time when you face a challenge, ask what Sun Tzu would do. His ancient advice might just help you succeed! The Art of WarIt’s not just about war strategies, but about 1 . 2 about the book ⚫Author: Sun Tzu, a Chinese strategist. ⚫Time: over 2,500 years ago during the Spring and Autumn period. ⚫Contents: 13 chapters covering different parts of war. Three examples Example 1 3 —Know when to act and when to walk away. eg. Stay cool when classmate says something unkind. Example 2Think Like a Leader—Work on your weak points; understand yourself and your competitor. eg. Make better schoolwork plans according to 4 Example 3Be Ready to Change—Change like water to catch chances. eg. Try new ways when a soccer plan fails. Long-term popularity ⚫Used in: Wars, politics, business, sports or relationships. ⚫Tip: When facing challenges, 5 might be helpful. 【答案】1．solving everyday problems 2．Basic information 3．Choose Fights Wisely 4．your strengths and weaknesses 5．Sun Tzu’s ancient advice 【导语】本文介绍了《孙子兵法》。 1．根据“Surprisingly, its lessons can help solve everyday problems! They teach skills.”可知，《孙子兵法》不只是关于战争策略，还能解决日常问题。故填solving everyday problems。 2．根据“Author: Sun Tzu ... Time: over 2,500 years ago ... Contents:13 chapters ...”可知，表格中所示是关于这本书的基本信息，故填Basic information。 3．根据“‘Winning comes to those who know when to act and when to walk away.’ Sun Tzu wrote. This means choosing fights wisely.”可知，对应策略是明智选择战斗。故填Choose Fights Wisely。 4．根据“Imagine studying for a hard test: spend more time on your weakest subject first. He also said, ‘Understand yourself and your competitor, and you can fight a hundred battles (战役) with no danger of losing.’”可知，是依据长处和短处制定学习计划。故填your strengths and weaknesses。 5．根据“Next time when you face a challenge, ask what Sun Tzu would do. His ancient advice might just help you succeed!”可知，面对挑战时孙子的古老建议可能有帮助，故填Sun Tzu’s ancient advice。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $