选修2 UNIT 1 SOIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版 广东专版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists，依据高考评价体系覆盖语言基础（核心词汇、短语、句型）、读写能力等核心考点，通过真题分析明确熟词生义、核心句型等高频考点权重，归纳阅读、完形、应用文写作等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题训练+语料积累+技巧指导”，如结合2024新课标Ⅰ卷真题解析熟词生义，读后续写“腿部动作”语料库培养生动表达，应用文“中国科学家精神”主题写作提升语言组织能力。通过这些设计培养学生语言能力和思维品质，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准指导，实现高效备考。

高三总复习讲义 广东专版 UNIT 1 SOIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 选择性必修 第二册 03 巩固核心知识 02 探究必备知识 夯实语言基础 01 内容索引 04 提升关键能力 05 单元测评 夯实语言基础 返回 注 表示该词的熟词生义。 Ⅰ.阅读单词 1.cholera n. 霍乱 2.diarrhoea n. 腹泻 3.dehydration n. 脱水 4.germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 5.pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 6.water pump 水泵 7.household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 8.statistic n.[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 9.epidemiology n. 流行病学 11.protein n. 蛋白质 12.cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房；电池 13.virus n. 病毒 14.vaccine n. 疫苗 15.framework n. 框架；结构 16.theoretical framework 理论框架 17.rainbow n. 彩虹 18.plasma n. 血浆 19.aerospace n. 航空航天工业 20.patriotic adj. 爱国的 21.mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 22.mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 23.aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 24.jet n. 喷气式飞机 25.missile n. 导弹 26.telescope n. 望远镜 Ⅱ.核心单词 1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2.contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 3.suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4.blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5.handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；(用手)触、碰、拿 ；搬动；操纵 (车辆、动物、工具等) 6.link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 7.raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 8.substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 9.decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 10.thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 11.finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 12.initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 13.solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 14.cast vt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 15.shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 16.pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 17.concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 18.leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 19.trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 20.outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 21.abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要 22.concept n. 概念；观念 23.besides prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且；此外 24.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 25.furthermore adv. 此外；再者 26.shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向 27.vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 Ⅲ.拓展单词 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2.infection n.感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的 3.proof n.证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v.证明是 4.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖 5.intervention n.介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入 6.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n.防御；保卫；保护 7.assistant n.助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n.帮助；协助；援助 8.gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物；天赋 9.steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地 10.astronomer n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学 11.fault n.弱点；过错→faulty adj.错误的；有缺陷的 12.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n.订阅，订购 13.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化，改观，转变 14.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净；提纯 构词法：形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的；充满……的” 直接＋-ous ①humor→humorous幽默的 ②courage→courageous勇敢的 ③danger→dangerous危险的 ④mountain→mountainous多山的 去e＋-ous ⑤continue→continuous持续的 ⑥fame→famous著名的；出名的 ⑦adventure→adventurous 有冒险精神的 辅音之后y变i＋-ous ⑧envy→envious嫉妒的；羡慕的 ⑨glory→glorious光荣的 ⑩harmony→harmonious和睦的；融洽的 ⑪mystery→mysterious神秘的 on变-ous ⑫infection→infectious传染性的 ⑬caution→cautious谨慎的；小心的 ⑭ambition→ambitious有抱负的；有雄心的 ⑮religion→religious宗教的 特殊 ⑯anxiety→anxious焦虑的 ⑰disaster→disastrous灾难性的 Ⅳ.重点短语 1.come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 2.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 3.subscribe to 同意；赞同 4.be to blame 负有责任 5.theoretical framework 理论框架 6.water pump 水泵 7.thanks to 幸亏；由于 8.once and for all 最终地：彻底地 9.above all 最重要的是；尤其是 10.in charge of 主管；掌管 Ⅴ.经典句型 1.句型：so...that... He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 2.句型：have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语) Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 3.句型：“否定词＋比较级”连用表示最高级 Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 返回 探究必备知识 返回 blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.指责；责备 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In my view，Li Hua，who broke the school rules，was _________(blame). ②我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 (建议信) ________________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 1 to blame Instead of blaming each other ③由于演出失败受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭起来。 (续写情感描写) __________________ of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly. ④老人把收成不好归咎于恶劣的天气。当他看着枯萎的庄稼时，布满皱纹的脸上满是失望。 (续写表情描写) The old man __________________________________________. His wrinkled face was filled with disappointment as he looked at the dying crops. 【点津】　be to blame无被动语态。 Blamed for the failure blamed the poor harvest on the severe weather (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人(做)某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 (2)lay/put the blame on 把责任归咎于…… 后归纳 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 2 先练透　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As a result of the appearance of smartphones，the number of people who read magazines is ____ the decrease. ②Over the past decades，sea ice _______________(decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming. ③根据最近进行的一项调查，长时间沉迷于网络购物将极大地减少人们参加社交活动的欲望。 Being addicted to online shopping for too long，according to a survey conducted recently，__________________________________ to take part in social activities. on has decreased will greatly decrease people’s desire 【点津】　近义词：lessen、decline； 反义词：increase、rise。 (1)decrease by 减少了 decrease (from ...)to (从……)减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降 (2)on the decrease 在减少 a decrease in sth 某方面的减少 后归纳 先练透　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in ________ ________(defend). ②With no shelter in sight，Alice was determined to defend her sister ________ _________ any danger that the storm might bring.(续写场景描写) defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解[defenc(s)e n.防御；保卫；保护] 3 ③看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。 (续写肢体动作) →Seeing the fierce wolf，he rushed _______________ like an arrow.(defend) →Seeing the fierce wolf，he rushed ______________________ like an arrow. (defence) defence/ defense from/ against to defend his son in defence of his son (1)defend ... against/from 保护……免受 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 (2)in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫 in one’s defence 为某人辩护 后归纳 先练透　用come短语填空/完成句子 ①I need ______________ a creative theme for my sister’s birthday party by the end of the week. ②Firstly，when you _____________ unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary. ③意识到我的伴侣得了严重的病，我喉咙哽住了，焦急地赶往医院。 (续写心理描写) Aware that my partner __________________________________，I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. come down with患(病)；染上(小病) 4 come up with come across came down with a serious disease ④说到英语学习，我分享以下实用的建议。 (建议信) _____________________________，I have the following practical suggestions to share. When it comes to English learning come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come out 出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up 走近；上来；被提出 come up with 提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等) when it comes to... 当谈及…… 后归纳 先练透　用all短语填空/完成句子 Learning that you are coming to Beijing Language and Culture University as an exchange student，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. ①_________， it would be beneficial if you could learn some basic Chinese before you arrive. ②________，you will be in completely unfamiliar surroundings. Secondly，you should be outgoing，active，and confident. ③__________，maintaining an optimistic attitude will greatly assist you in adapting to the new environment. above all最重要的是；尤其是 5 First of all After all Above all ④_____________，pursuing a degree in a different culture is not an easy task⑤_____，but with the right mindset and preparation，you will surely succeed. (建议信) ⑥最重要的是，朋友是在患难的时候表达关爱而不是在幸福时。 (主旨升华) _______________，friends show their love in times of trouble，not in times of happiness. All in all at all Above all after all 毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 in all 全部；合计 first of all 首先 at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 后归纳 【教材原句】　Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。 先练透　完成句子 ①很抱歉我不能参加舞蹈练习；我在楼梯上滑倒后脚受伤了，站立时间过长会很困难。 (道歉信) I am sorry I could not attend the dance practice； I __________________ after slipping on the stairs，making it difficult to stand for too long. 句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语) 6 had my feet hurt ②我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 (道歉信) I am terribly sorry for ___________________________，because ___________ _____________________ just now. ③我很遗憾地告诉你，我将会让你退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。 I regret to tell you that I will ___________________________，for we ______ _____________________ in the game. having you waiting for so long I had an urgent thing to attend to have you quit the competition can’t have anybody cheating have sth done 使某事被做 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态 can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 have sth to do 有某事要做 后归纳 【教材原句】　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 先练透　完成句子/句式升级 ①声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点线。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷；动作描写) The voice became louder and louder ______________________________，crossing the finish line. 句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句 7 until David dragged his leg ②I didn’t realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity. →__________________________________________________ I realized how important working with my own hands was. (强调) →___________________________________________________how important working with my own hands was. (倒装) It wasn’t until I took part in the picking activity that Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句； (2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序； (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为It is/was not until...that...。 后归纳 积累——续写亮词 【诵读领悟】 ①After the stressful exam，she sat with her best friend and poured out all her anxiety about the results.紧张的考试结束后，她坐在好朋友身边，把对成绩的所有焦虑都倾诉了出来。 ②After the rain stopped，children poured into the park，laughing and chasing each other. (场景描写) 雨停后，孩子们涌进公园，笑着互相追逐。 pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；注；灌 vi.(水等)不断流出；(烟等)被吐出；不断涌向/涌现； (雨)倾盆而下 1 ③He held the letter telling him he’d been admitted to his dream university，tears pouring down his cheeks and a big smile on his face. (独立主格结构) 他拿着那封告知自己被梦想大学录取的信，泪水从脸颊流下，脸上却挂着灿烂的笑容。 【佳句仿写】 泪水从他脸颊流下，我紧紧抱住哥哥，一句话也说不出来。 (2025·全国一卷；情感描写) _______________________________，I hugged my brother tightly，unable to say a word. With tears pouring down his cheeks pour out one’s sadness/troubles 倾诉内心的悲伤/苦恼 pour into/out of the classroom 涌入/涌出教室 with tears/sweat pouring down one’s face 泪水/汗水顺着脸颊流下 敲黑板 【诵读领悟】 ①The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. (环境描写) 橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 ②His careless remarks cast a shadow over the happy atmosphere of the party，making everyone feel awkward. 他随意的言论给派对的欢乐氛围蒙上了一层阴影，让所有人都感到尴尬。 ③She cast a quick glance at her watch，worried that she might be late for the important meeting. 她快速瞥了一眼手表，担心赶不上这场重要的会议。 cast vt. (cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 2 【佳句仿写】 一个阳光明媚的早晨，太阳开始升起，温暖的金色阳光辉映着公园。她看向我们，面带温暖的笑容。 (环境、神态描写) One sunny morning，the sun began to rise，____________________________ ___________. ___________________，with her face wearing a warm smile. casting a warm golden glow over the park She cast us a look cast a quick glance 快速瞥一眼 cast a dark shadow over sth 给某事蒙上一层阴影 cast sunlight through the window 阳光透过窗户投射进来 敲黑板 返回 巩固核心知识 返回 维度一　词汇语境运用 1.(2026·东北三省四市二模)The bright stadium lights shone on my face as I rushed past two ___________(defend)，my heart beating fast. 2.(2026·皖北协作区联考)This card made us feel very warm，like it was the best _______(prove) of our kindness on the journey. 3.(2025·湖南省4月检测)Recovering from surgery had left him ____________ (frustrate) and short-tempered，and he realized now how inconsiderate he had been. defenders proof frustrated 4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A few minutes spent __________(cast) your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 5.(2025·河北省二轮复习联考三)The diary，which I ___________(initial) thought was a disappointing gift，turned out to be the most precious one. 6.(2026·湖北黄冈中学三模)Seeing him push himself back into the corner even further when she approached with breakfast，she frowned again，feeling __________(frustrate) and broken-hearted. 7.Willing to help Bernard，the children got down to _____________ (prepare) popcorn the instant they got what they needed. 8.Your innovations should be linked __________ our school life and be able to make our life better and more convenient. casting initially frustrated preparing to/with 维度二　阅读理解清障 Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义 猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1.He is determined to hire a famous lawyer to defend him in court. ________ 2.The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine. _____________ 3.He has been working for solid eight hours without taking a break，he really needs to rest for a while. ______________________ 4.They shifted their viewpoints frequently. _______________________ 5.What do you get when you combine robot toys and a solar cell？ ________ v.辩护 vt.用泵输送 adj.连续的，不间断的 vt.改变(观点或态度等) n.电池 根据语境选择加黑词的含义 6.subscribe to同意；赞同；把……捐赠给……(生义)；订购(生义) ①I don’t subscribe to the view that success only depends on luck； hard work is much more important. ________ ②Her grandmother still subscribes to a weekly newspaper，even though most people get news from their phones now. _______ ③Many people subscribed money to the education fund. __________________ 同意 订购 把……捐赠给…… 7.handle vt.处理；搬动； 应对，与(人)打交道(生义)；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)； (用手)触，拿(生义) n.把手；拉手；柄 ①(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. _________________ ②Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance. _______________ ③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. ________ ④The manager knows how to handle difficult employees without making the situation worse. __________________________ ⑤The manager assigned her to handle the client’s complaint，as she’s good at calming people down and finding solutions. _________ vt.(用手)触，拿 vt.操纵(车辆) n.把手 vt. 应对，与(人)打交道 vt.处理 8.shift n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向；改变(生义) ①The school had to shift resources from less popular programs to more essential academic subjects. _________ ②Public attitudes towards this have shifted over the past 50 years. ___________ ③It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. _________ ④The student volunteers were divided into three shifts，each responsible for different activities and times. ________ vt.转移 vi.改变 vi.挪动 n.轮班 Ⅱ.构词法 猜测下列黑体词的含义 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)I’m attending a conference in the city and my secretary told me that the conference organizer made the reservation for me. ________ 2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time，and if the past is any indication，he may be right... ______________ 构词法 名词后缀-ation/-tion表示“性质，状态”等； 名词后缀-sion表示“行为，状态，性质”等 n.预定 n.迹象，暗示 3.(2024·全国甲卷)Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. __________ 4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. ________ 5.(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world，we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. ________ 返回 n.现代 n.注册 n.理解 提升关键能力 返回 Part 1.应用文增分练(征稿启事—工匠精神) 　　假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”为主题的短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间。 　　用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文 【布局谋篇】 开篇：点明活动目的 　　①__________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (为了让学生更深入地了解中国科学家的非凡精神) and encouraging students to draw inspiration from them，our school is collecting short videos themed “The Spirit of Chinese Scientists”. With the aim of offering students a deeper insight into the remarkable spirit of Chinese scientists 中段：征稿要求 ①视频要求； ②视频内容； ③投稿方式及截止时间 　　Preference will be given to your entry ②____________________ _________________(如果满足以下要求). First of all，the video is supposed to be original，positive and ③________________________ (与主题密切相关). Furthermore，the video should center on the creativity，brilliance and achievements of an outstanding Chinese scientist. It will spread the spirit of perseverance. Above all， ④_______________________________________________________ (请于12月1日前将视频发到我校网站。). if it meets the following requirements closely related to the theme submit one through our school website no later than December 1st 结尾：欢迎投稿 　　Looking forward to your active participation！ Student Union October 20th 【多元表达】 ⑤Furthermore，the video should center on the creativity，brilliance and achievements of an outstanding Chinese scientist. It will spread the spirit of perseverance. (升级为动词-ing形式作状语) →______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Furthermore，the video should center on the creativity，brilliance and achievements of an outstanding Chinese scientist，spreading the spirit of perseverance. Part 2.读后续写提能练 拓展语料积累　动作描写“腿部”动作 【语言素材】 腿软/抖 ①shaky/shaking/trembling legs 颤抖的双腿 ②legs/knees buckle 双腿/双膝发软 ③feel weak in the legs 腿软 ④tremble in the legs 腿抖 ⑤legs/knees be/feel like as weak as jelly 双腿/双膝发软 其他 ①tired legs 疲惫的双腿 ②cross one’s legs 跷二郎腿 ③drag one’s leg 拖着(受伤的腿)行走 ④with one’s legs wide apart 双腿叉开 ⑤legs give way 双腿不受控制 ⑥stretch one’s legs 活动活动腿脚 ⑦stumble forward slowly 蹒跚着慢慢向前挪动 【靓句表达】 1.After running the marathon，I felt so weak in the legs that I could barely stand. 跑完马拉松后，我腿软得几乎站不住。 2.He stood in front of the crowd，his legs trembling with nervousness as he prepared to speak. 他站在人群前，准备发言时紧张得腿都在抖。 3.After hours of intense study，it’s necessary to stretch your legs to relax your body and mind. 经过几个小时的紧张学习，有必要活动活动腿脚来放松身心。 4.Before stepping onto the stage to give the speech，his knees were as weak as jelly because he was too nervous. 上台演讲前，他因为过于紧张而双腿发软。 5.The little girl stood there with a trembling leg，too scared to move when she saw the big dog. 小女孩看到那只大狗时，站在原地腿不停地颤抖，吓得动弹不得。 6.She sat on the sofa，crossed her legs，and started reading the novel she had just bought. 她坐在沙发上，跷起二郎腿，开始读刚买的小说。 续写语料运用　用表“动腿”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景：主题“挑战自我”——比赛中体力不支时的“动腿” 　　I had begun the final sprint into glory when ①________________ (双腿不受控制). I tried to take a step forward，but ②_______________________ (我的双腿不听使唤) as if rooted to the ground. Even though I knew my dream of victory had been destroyed，I had to finish the race. Then the feeling suddenly surged back into my legs. ③__________ ______________________________________(我一步一步、蹒跚地向前挪动，缓缓冲过了终点线). A wave of shame welled up in me as Dad pulled me into his arms，tears pouring down. 返回 my legs gave way my legs wouldn’t move I stumbled forward，inch by inch，across the finish line 单元测评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2026·福州名校联盟第一次诊断) 　　Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life.At 43，he felt prematurely old and advertised for a mature，multilingual (会多种语言的) woman to serve as secretary and household manager. The ideal candidate，Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky，worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner.Despite this，Nobel and Bertha maintained a long _____________________.Over the years，Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race.She wrote a famous book，Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement.No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace.Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel，the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha. epistolary exchange Alfred Nobel died in San Remo，Italy，on December 10，1896.When his will was opened，it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics，Chemistry，Physiology or Medicine，Literature and Peace.Two young engineers，Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist，were appointed executors (遗嘱执行人).They formed the Nobel Foundation to manage the funds and coordinate the awards，and this was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist.Besides，Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era.He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays.The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平事迹。 1.Who was Bertha mentioned in the text？ A.A peace activist and Nobel Prize winner. B.Nobel’s long-term secretary and household manager. C.A manager of Nobel’s industrial enterprises. D.A relative who contested Nobel’s will. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over the years，Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race.She wrote a famous book，Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement.”和“Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel，the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha.”可知，贝尔塔·冯·苏特纳是一位和平运动的活动家，也是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者。故选A。 2.What is the probable meaning of “epistolary exchange” in Paragraph 2？ A.A scientific experiment shared by mail. B.A precise academic paper. C.A public speech delivered internationally. D.A continuous written correspondence. 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和画线词所在句可知，贝尔塔曾为诺贝尔工作过，后来离开了，但他们仍然保持着联系，由此可推测，画线短语epistolary exchange指的是他们之间的通信，即“持续的书面通信”。故选D。 √ 3.Why was Nobel’s will considered surprising？ A.It appointed engineers as executors. B.It assigned his fortune to set prizes. C.It included a prize inspired by Bertha. D.It faced challenges from authorities. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When his will was opened，it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics，Chemistry，Physiology or Medicine，Literature and Peace.”可知，诺贝尔的遗嘱令人惊讶是因为他将财富用于设立奖项。故选B。 √ 4.Which of the following can best summarize the traits of Alfred Nobel？ A.Industrious and visionary. B.Ambitious and materialistic. C.Practical but illiterate. D.Reclusive and dishonest. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life.”和最后一段可知，诺贝尔工作勤奋，并且持有诸多超越时代的见解，具有远见。由此可推知，他是一个勤奋(industrious )且有远见的人(visionary)。故选A。 √ B (2026·河南安阳市9月调研) 　　To determine the type and severity of a cancer，scientists usually analyze thin slices of a tumor(肿瘤) under a microscope.But to tell how the tumor is treated，scientists must perform genetic sequencing(排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor，a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars. But now，Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells.The tool was created using data from more than 7，000 diverse tumor samples.The team showed that it could be used routinely to predict genetic variations in breast cancers and to predict patient outcomes. “This kind of software could be used to quickly identify gene signatures in patients’ tumors，speeding up clinical (临床的) decision-making and saving the health care system thousands of dollars，” said Olivier Gevaert，PhD. The researchers began with 7，584 cancer biopsies (活检) from 16 different cancer types.Each biopsy had been sliced into thin sections and prepared.After the researchers integrated their new cancer biopsies as well as other datasets，including images from thousands of healthy cells，the AI program—which they named SEQUOIA—was able to predict the expression patterns of more than 15，000 different genes from the stained images. To test the effect of SEQUOIA for clinical decision-making，Gevaert and his colleagues identified breast cancer genes that the model could accurately predict the expression of and that are already used in commercial breast cancer genomic tests. The AI model can’t yet be used in a clinical setting，but Gevaert said his team is studying its potential applications.In the future，he said，SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests.“We’ve shown how useful this could be for breast cancer，and we can now use it for all cancers，” he said.“It’s a whole new source of data that we didn’t have before.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具。 5.How do scientists usually find out the treatment of a tumor？ A.By analyzing its thin slices. B.By using a computational program. C.By performing genetic sequencing. D.By referring to routinely collected data. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But to tell how the tumor is treated，scientists must perform genetic sequencing (排序) of the RNA isolated from the tumor，a process that can take weeks and costs thousands of dollars.”可知，科学家通常通过进行基因测序来确定如何治疗肿瘤，故选C。 √ 6.What can we know about SEQUOIA from the passage？ A.It has been widely used. B.It can predict all genes’ activity. C.It has reduced the cost of gene tests. D.It’s likely to lessen the requirement for costly genetic tests. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the future，he said，SEQUOIA could reduce the need for expensive gene expression tests.”可知，SEQUOIA可能会减少对昂贵的基因检测的需求，故选D。 √ 7.What did Gevaert think of the future of the AI model？ A.Potential. B.Useless. C.Changeable. D.Ambiguous. 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Gevaert认为这种人工智能模型未来很有潜力，故选A。 √ 8.What is the main idea of the passage？ A.A new tool for analyzing tumor slices. B.An AI tool to predict tumor gene activity. C.An attempt to perform original genetic sequencing. D.AI technology to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. 主旨大意题。通读全文内容，尤其根据第二段中“But now，Stanford Medicine researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-powered computational program that can predict the activity of thousands of genes within tumor cells.”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具，故选B。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·新高考八省最后一卷) 　　Fear is a natural emotion that serves as a protective mechanism，alerting (使意识到) us to potential dangers.However，when fear becomes intense，it can slow our growth and prevent us from seizing opportunities. 　1　 Here are four steps to help you face fear with confidence. Identify why the fear is there.Is it fear of the unknown？ Concern about failure？ Worry about others’ opinions？ Or perhaps it’s because success matters so deeply to you.　2　. Get comfortable with failure.Let’s face it：Failure is a part of life.You are bound to make mistakes，take missteps，and fail.　3　 Instead of fearing failure，embrace (拥抱) it as a teacher.Sure，some failures carry greater risks than others，but most mistakes are opportunities to grow in ways you otherwise wouldn’t. 　4　 Stop and think over how far you’ve come and how much you’ve grown.Every challenge you’ve faced has contributed to the courageous person you are today.Sure，we all have off days when we feel less courageous than others，but taking a step back to look at the big picture is a powerful motivator. Remind yourself of your strengths.What are your biggest and best strengths that you love to use？ How can you use them to face this challenge？　5　 If you’re learning something new，bring your natural abilities to play.For example，if you’re too shy to meet new people，use your talent for deep conversations.If you’re a writer exploring creativity through art，remind yourself that if you can create with words，you can also create with a paintbrush. A.Reflect on your growth. B.Engage in positive self-talk. C.That’s how you learn and improve. D.Every small act of courage deserves recognition. E.Understanding the source of your fear helps you work with it. F.Doing what you do best will make you feel braver to face anything. G.Understanding and managing fear is crucial for personal development. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个自信地面对恐惧的方法。 　　Fear is a natural emotion that serves as a protective mechanism，alerting (使意识到) us to potential dangers.However，when fear becomes intense，it can slow our growth and prevent us from seizing opportunities._____________ ______________________________________________Here are four steps to help you face fear with confidence. Understanding and managing fear is crucial for personal development. 上文“However，when fear becomes intense，it can slow our growth and prevent us from seizing opportunities.”提到了过度恐惧对我们的负面影响，G选项“理解和控制恐惧对个人发展至关重要。”能承接上文并引出下文四个方法的阐述，符合语境。故选G。 Identify why the fear is there.Is it fear of the unknown？ Concern about failure？ Worry about others’ opinions？ Or perhaps it’s because success matters so deeply to you.____________________________________________ ________ Understanding the source of your fear helps you work with it. 根据本段主题句“Identify why the fear is there.”可知，本段内容主要是找出你恐惧的原因，选项E中the source of your fear与本段主题句呼应，说明找出恐惧存在的原因的益处。故选E。 Get comfortable with failure.Let’s face it：Failure is a part of life.You are bound to make mistakes，take missteps，and fail._______________________ ________Instead of fearing failure，embrace (拥抱) it as a teacher.Sure，some failures carry greater risks than others，but most mistakes are opportunities to grow in ways you otherwise wouldn’t. That’s how you learn and improve. 上文“You are bound to make mistakes，take missteps，and fail.”提到了我们都会犯错误和失败，C选项与上文构成顺承关系，进一步强调和说明犯错误的重要性。故选C。 _____________________ Stop and think over how far you’ve come and how much you’ve grown.Every challenge you’ve faced has contributed to the courageous person you are today.Sure，we all have off days when we feel less courageous than others，but taking a step back to look at the big picture is a powerful motivator. Reflect on your growth. 空处为本段的主题句。下文“Stop and think over how far you’ve come and how much you’ve grown.Every challenge you’ve faced has contributed to the courageous person you are today.”提到了反思自己，所以A选项“反思你的成长。”能概括本段内容。故选A。 Remind yourself of your strengths.What are your biggest and best strengths that you love to use？ How can you use them to face this challenge？_________________________________________________________ If you’re learning something new，bring your natural abilities to play.For example，if you’re too shy to meet new people，use your talent for deep conversations.If you’re a writer exploring creativity through art，remind yourself that if you can create with words，you can also create with a paintbrush. Doing what you do best will make you feel braver to face anything. 根据本段主题句“Remind yourself of your strengths.”可知，本段主要内容是提醒自己的长处，选项F中what you do best与主题句中的strengths相呼应，说明做自己擅长的事情的好处。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·济南市高考针对性训练) 　　In just a few weeks，the University of Northern Colorado will be filled with students eager to take on the new school year.Yet for now，Candelaria Hall is 　1　，and Terri Ball，an administrative assistant in the School of Communication，is waiting for the cheerful 　2　 of the first week of the new term. Ball has been working for the university for nearly a decade，and has　3　 every moment of her role.The main section of Ball’s job is to 　4　 with the lively students in her department，guiding them toward the right 　5　 for their unique college journey.Her 　6　 mindset not only puts students at ease but also inspires them to approach challenges with optimism. For Ball，being　7　 is the core of who she is，without which she feels she would be 　8　，and she works hard to share this belief with her students. Ball’s devotion　9　 students continuous encouragement and assistance.She recalled a shy young man who 　10　 under her guidance—from struggling with basic shading to mastering polished portraits (肖像).In his senior year，the invitation from a national gallery offered him a chance to showcase his works and his confidence Ball helped 　11　. Likewise，Ball develops a warm feeling in her heart，as she witnesses each student’s victory—a scholarship　12　，a voice found in debate club，even a nervous application 　13　 a promising career path.These moments become evidence of her consistent 　14　.Ball smiles，certain that the seeds she sows in young minds will 　15　 push through the ground. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了北科罗拉多大学行政助理Terri Ball通过积极引导和帮助学生，见证他们成长与蜕变的故事，展现了她对学生的奉献及其工作的意义。 1.A.bright B.silent C.crowded D.locked √ 根据上文“In just a few weeks，the University of Northern Colorado will be filled with students” 可知，目前学生尚未返校，大厅应处于 “寂静” 状态，与下文“cheerful” 形成对比。故选B。 2.A.means B.chaos C.disaster D.attitude √ 根据常识可知，新学期伊始通常伴随新生入学的忙乱，“chaos”符合“cheerful”所描述的热闹且略带忙乱的氛围。故选B。 3.A.managed B.tolerated C.assessed D.enjoyed √ 根据下文描述 Ball 积极投入工作、帮助学生可推知，她对工作充满热情，“enjoyed”符合其态度。故选D。 4.A.connect B.wrestle C.live D.pair √ 根据下文“guiding them toward the right”可知，Ball的工作是与学生互动并引导他们，“connect with”为固定搭配，符合语境。故选A。 5.A.balance B.routine C.track D.major √ “track”在此比喻“人生轨道 /路径”，与“college journey”呼应，指适合学生的发展道路。故选C。 6.A.refreshing B.uplifting C.flexible D.practical √ 根据下文“inspires them to approach challenges with optimism”可知，Ball的心态具有激励性，“uplifting”符合“乐观”的语境。故选B。 7.A.ambitious B.confident C.positive D.insightful √ 根据上文“Her 　　mindset not only puts students at ease but also inspires them to approach challenges with optimism.”可知，保持积极是她的核心本质。故选C。 8.A.fooled B.ashamed C.spent D.lost √ 根据上文“being 　　is the core of who she is”可知，下文的“without which”指缺乏“positive”的心态，与之对应的状态是“lost”，表示失去自我核心。故选D。 9.A.feeds B.earns C.saves D.awards √ 根据上文“Ball’s devotion”以及根据下文学生在她帮助下成长的事例可知，她的奉献为学生们提供了持续的鼓励和帮助。故选A。 10.A.bounced B.rocketed C.celebrated D.stretched √ 根据下文“from struggling with basic shading to mastering polished portraits (肖像)”可知，学生从困难到精通，进步显著，“rocketed”形象地表达“迅速成长”。故选B。 11.A.shift B.admire C.evaluate D.build √ 根据上文“a shy young man”到“showcase his works”的变化可知，自信是在Ball的帮助下建立起来的。故选D。 12.A.secured B.established C.gathered D.discovered √ 根据上文“she witnesses each student’s victory”可知，此处指获得奖学金。故选A。 13.A.bringing in B.arising from C.giving away D.leading to √ 根据上文“a nervous application”和下文“a promising career path”可知，此处指通往前途光明的职业道路。故选D。 14.A.memory B.wisdom C.commitment D.possession √ 根据上文“Ball’s devotion”可知，全文围绕Ball对学生的奉献展开，“commitment”与上文呼应，指她的持续付出。故选C。 15.A.hardly B.definitely C.likely D.immediately √ 根据上文“smiles，certain that”可知，Ball对学生的成长充满信心，“definitely”强调必然性。故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·济南市高考针对性训练) 　　For Chen Honghan，a student from Nizhuhe Village in Xuanwei，Yunnan，the dangerous three-hour mountain hike to school has been replaced by a safe 30-minute journey thanks to the “cloud school bus”. Nizhuhe Village，situated deep in the mountains，was once linked to Wanquan Primary School by a dangerous journey along cliffside (悬崖边) 1.　　　　 (path).Every school day，Chen and her classmates 2.　 .　　　 (brave) muddy，narrow routes and makeshift stone steps just 3.　 .　　　 (reach) their school high atop the cliffs.It was no wonder that those parents 4.　　　　 children faced safety risks on these daily trips remained constantly worried. paths braved to reach whose 1.path 为可数名词，根据语境可知，“悬崖边的小路”不止一条，故填paths。 2.陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，故填braved。 3.动词不定式to do 结构可作目的状语，此处“to reach” 表示 “为了到达”。故填to reach。 4.空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为parents，空格后 children 与 parents 为所属关系，故填whose。 This challenging journey changed 5.　　 　　 (remarkable) in 2017 with the launch of Nizhuhe Grand Canyon eco-tourism project.A cliffside lift and a cable car (缆车)，6.　　　 　 (construct) in 2022，offer villagers free access to the peak.Today，the “cloud school bus”combines a bus ride，a 268-meter lift，and a 200-meter cable car，transforming 7.　　　 previous dangerous trip into a safe and enjoyable experience. remarkably constructed the 5.空格处修饰动词 changed，需用副词形式，故填 remarkably。 6.空格前A cliffside lift and a cable car (缆车)与construct之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。 7.定冠词 the 用于特指前文提到的事物，此处指代孩子们过去上学的危险路径。故填the。 The impact has been far-reaching.Chen，who once considered 8.　　　 　 (drop) out due to the dangers，now safely takes her younger sisters to school.Beyond safeguarding children，the project has boosted tourism，turning 9.　　　　 was once an overlooked village into a tourist destination.Villagers have seized the opportunity and significantly improved their livelihoods by launching businesses，10.　　　　 farmstays，coffee shops，and guesthouses. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是云南山区学生陈红韩通过“云端校车”摆脱危险上学路、实现安全求学的感人故事。 dropping what like 8.consider doing sth为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”。故填dropping。 9.空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。 10.farmstays，coffee shops，and guesthouses 是对 businesses 的举例，like 作为介词，意为 “例如”，故填like。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 1 SOIENCE AND SCIENTISTS $